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Amarasekara NR, Swamy AS, Paudel SK, Jiang W, Li K, Shen C, Zhang Y. Hypervirulent clonal complex (CC) of Listeria monocytogenes in fresh produce from urban communities. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1307610. [PMID: 38348192 PMCID: PMC10859469 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1307610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to determine the prevalence and virulome of Listeria in fresh produce distributed in urban communities. Methods A total of 432 fresh produce samples were collected from farmer's markets in Michigan and West Virginia, USA, resulting in 109 pooled samples. Listeria spp. were isolated and L. monocytogenes was subjected to genoserogrouping by PCR and genotyping by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and core-genome multi-locus sequence typing (cgMLST) were conducted for clonal identification. Results Forty-eight of 109 samples (44.0%) were contaminated with Listeria spp. L. monocytogenes serotype 1/2a and 4b were recovered from radishes, potatoes, and romaine lettuce. Four clonal complexes (CC) were identified and included hypervirulent CC1 (ST1) and CC4 (ST219) of lineage I as well as CC7 (ST7) and CC11 (ST451) of lineage II. Clones CC4 and CC7 were present in the same romaine lettuce sample. CC1 carried Listeria pathogenicity island LIPI-1 and LIPI-3 whereas CC4 contained LIPI-1, LIPI-3, and LIPI-4. CC7 and CC11 had LIPI-1 only. Discussion Due to previous implication in outbreaks, L. monocytogenes hypervirulent clones in fresh produce pose a public health concern in urban communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amrita Subramanya Swamy
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Sumit Kumar Paudel
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Wentao Jiang
- Davis College, Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - KaWang Li
- Davis College, Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Cangliang Shen
- Davis College, Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
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Ngema SS, Khumalo SH, Ojo MC, Pooe OJ, Malilehe TS, Basson AK, Madoroba E. Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity by Marine Nocardiopsis dassonvillei against Foodborne Listeria monocytogenes and Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2539. [PMID: 37894198 PMCID: PMC10609338 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens creates public health challenges, prompting a continuous search for effective novel antimicrobials. This study aimed to isolate marine actinomycetes from South Africa, evaluate their in vitro antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, and characterize their mechanisms of action. Marine actinomycetes were isolated and identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to identify the chemical constituents of bioactive actinomycetes' secondary metabolites. Antibacterial activity of the secondary metabolites was assessed by the broth microdilution method, and their mode of actions were predicted using computational docking. While five strains showed antibacterial activity during primary screening, only Nocardiopsis dassonvillei strain SOD(B)ST2SA2 exhibited activity during secondary screening for antibacterial activity. GC-MS identified five major bioactive compounds: 1-octadecene, diethyl phthalate, pentadecanoic acid, 6-octadecenoic acid, and trifluoroacetoxy hexadecane. SOD(B)ST2SA2's extract demonstrated minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration, ranging from 0.78-25 mg/mL and 3.13 to > 25 mg/mL, respectively. Diethyl phthalate displayed the lowest bacterial protein-binding energies (kcal/mol): -7.2, dihydrofolate reductase; -6.0, DNA gyrase B; and -5.8, D-alanine:D-alanine ligase. Thus, marine N. dassonvillei SOD(B)ST2SA2 is a potentially good source of antibacterial compounds that can be used to control STEC and Listeria monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyanda S. Ngema
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa; (S.S.N.); (S.H.K.); (M.C.O.); (A.K.B.)
| | - Solomuzi H. Khumalo
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa; (S.S.N.); (S.H.K.); (M.C.O.); (A.K.B.)
| | - Michael C. Ojo
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa; (S.S.N.); (S.H.K.); (M.C.O.); (A.K.B.)
| | - Ofentse J. Pooe
- Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa;
| | - Tsolanku S. Malilehe
- Department of Water and Sanitation, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Polokwane 0727, South Africa;
| | - Albertus K. Basson
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa; (S.S.N.); (S.H.K.); (M.C.O.); (A.K.B.)
| | - Evelyn Madoroba
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa; (S.S.N.); (S.H.K.); (M.C.O.); (A.K.B.)
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Avila-Novoa MG, González-Torres B, González-Gómez JP, Guerrero-Medina PJ, Martínez-Chávez L, Martínez-Gonzáles NE, Chaidez C, Gutiérrez-Lomelí M. Genomic Insights into Listeria monocytogenes: Organic Acid Interventions for Biofilm Prevention and Control. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13108. [PMID: 37685913 PMCID: PMC10487766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an important pathogen that has been implicated in foodborne illness. The aim of the present study was to investigate the diversity of virulence factors associated with the mechanisms of pathogenicity, persistence, and formation of biofilm L. monocytogenes by tandem analysis of whole-genome sequencing. The lineages that presented L. monocytogenes (LmAV-2, LmAV-3, and LmAV-6) from Hass avocados were lineages I and II. Listeria pathogenicity island 1 (LIPI-1) and LIPI-2 were found in the isolates, while LIPI-3 and Listeria genomic island (LGI-2) only was in IIb. Stress survival island (SSI-1) was identified in lineage I and II. In the in silico analysis, resistance genes belonging to several groups of antibiotics were detected, but the bcrABC and transposon Tn6188 related to resistance to quaternary ammonium salts (QACs) were not detected in L. monocytogenes. Subsequently, the anti-L. monocytogenes planktonic cell effect showed for QACs (MIC = 6.25 ppm/MBC = 100 ppm), lactic acid (MBC = 1 mg/mL), citric acid (MBC = 0.5 mg/mL) and gallic acid (MBC = 2 mg/mL). The anti-biofilm effect with organic acids (22 °C) caused a reduction of 4-5 log10 cfu/cm2 after 10 min against control biofilm L. monocytogenes formed on PP than SS. This study is an important contribution to understanding the genomic diversity and epidemiology of L. monocytogenes to establish a control measure to reduce the impact on the environment and the consumer.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Guadalupe Avila-Novoa
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, División de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Universidad 1115, Col. Lindavista, Ocotlán 47820, Jalisco, Mexico; (M.G.A.-N.); (P.J.G.-M.)
| | - Berenice González-Torres
- Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA), Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Carretera a Eldorado Km 5.5, Campo El Diez, Culiacán 80110, Sinaloa, Mexico; (B.G.-T.); (J.P.G.-G.); (C.C.)
| | - Jean Pierre González-Gómez
- Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA), Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Carretera a Eldorado Km 5.5, Campo El Diez, Culiacán 80110, Sinaloa, Mexico; (B.G.-T.); (J.P.G.-G.); (C.C.)
| | - Pedro Javier Guerrero-Medina
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, División de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Universidad 1115, Col. Lindavista, Ocotlán 47820, Jalisco, Mexico; (M.G.A.-N.); (P.J.G.-M.)
| | - Liliana Martínez-Chávez
- Departamentos de Farmacobiología y Matemáticas, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Marcelino García Barragán 1451, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico; (L.M.-C.); (N.E.M.-G.)
| | - Nanci Edid Martínez-Gonzáles
- Departamentos de Farmacobiología y Matemáticas, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Marcelino García Barragán 1451, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico; (L.M.-C.); (N.E.M.-G.)
| | - Cristóbal Chaidez
- Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA), Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Carretera a Eldorado Km 5.5, Campo El Diez, Culiacán 80110, Sinaloa, Mexico; (B.G.-T.); (J.P.G.-G.); (C.C.)
| | - Melesio Gutiérrez-Lomelí
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, División de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Universidad 1115, Col. Lindavista, Ocotlán 47820, Jalisco, Mexico; (M.G.A.-N.); (P.J.G.-M.)
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Fernández M, Casaux ML, Fraga M, Vignoli R, Bado I, Zunino P, Umpiérrez A. Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli (STEC) Associated with Calf Mortality in Uruguay. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1704. [PMID: 37512877 PMCID: PMC10383947 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In Uruguay, the mortality of dairy calves due to infectious diseases is high. Escherichia coli is a natural inhabitant of the intestinal microbiota, but can cause several infections. The aim of the work was to characterize E. coli isolates from intestinal and extraintestinal origin of dead newborn calves. Using PCR, virulence gene characteristics of pathogenic E. coli were searched. The pathogenic E. coli were molecularly characterized and the phylogroup, serogroup and the Stx subtype were determined. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes with PCR. Finally, clonal relationships were inferred using PFGE. Gene characteristics of the Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and Necrotoxigenic E. coli (NTEC) were identified. The prevalence of the iucD, afa8E, f17, papC, stx1, eae and ehxA genes was high and no f5, f41, saa, sfaDE, cdtIV, lt, sta or stx2 were detected. The prevalence of STEC gene stx1 in the dead calves stood out and was higher compared with previous studies conducted in live calves, and STEC LEE+ (Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)) isolates with stx1/eae/ehxA genotypes were more frequently identified in the intestinal than in the extraintestinal environment. E. coli isolates were assigned to phylogroups A, B1, D and E, and some belonged to the O111 serogroup. stx1a and stx1c subtypes were determined in STEC. A high prevalence of multi-resistance among STEC and qnrB genes was determined. The PFGE showed a high diversity of pathogenic strains with similar genetic profiles. It can be speculated that EHEC (stx1/eae/ehxA) could play an important role in mortality. The afa8E, f17G1 and papC genes could also have a role in calf mortality. Multidrug resistance defies disease treatment and increases the risk of death, while the potential transmissibility of genes to other species constitutes a threat to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magalí Fernández
- Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Avenida Italia 3318, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - María Laura Casaux
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela, Ruta 50, Km 11, Colonia 70000, Uruguay
| | - Martín Fraga
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela, Ruta 50, Km 11, Colonia 70000, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Vignoli
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Facultad de Medicina, UdelaR, Av Alfredo Navarro 3051, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Inés Bado
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Facultad de Medicina, UdelaR, Av Alfredo Navarro 3051, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Pablo Zunino
- Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Avenida Italia 3318, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Ana Umpiérrez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Avenida Italia 3318, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
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Myintzaw P, Pennone V, McAuliffe O, Begley M, Callanan M. Association of Virulence, Biofilm, and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes with Specific Clonal Complex Types of Listeria monocytogenes. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1603. [PMID: 37375105 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Precise classification of foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes is a necessity in efficient foodborne disease surveillance, outbreak detection, and source tracking throughout the food chain. In this study, a total of 150 L. monocytogenes isolates from various food products, food processing environments, and clinical sources were investigated for variations in virulence, biofilm formation, and the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes based on their Whole-Genome Sequences. Clonal complex (CC) determination based on Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) revealed twenty-eight CC-types including eight isolates representing novel CC-types. The eight isolates comprising the novel CC-types share the majority of the known (cold and acid) stress tolerance genes and are all genetic lineage II, serogroup 1/2a-3a. Pan-genome-wide association analysis by Scoary using Fisher's exact test identified eleven genes specifically associated with clinical isolates. Screening for the presence of antimicrobial and virulence genes using the ABRicate tool uncovered variations in the presence of Listeria Pathogenicity Islands (LIPIs) and other known virulence genes. Specifically, the distributions of actA, ecbA, inlF, inlJ, lapB, LIPI-3, and vip genes across isolates were found to be significantly CC-dependent while the presence of ami, inlF, inlJ, and LIPI-3 was associated with clinical isolates specifically. In addition, Roary-derived phylogenetic grouping based on Antimicrobial-Resistant Genes (AMRs) revealed that the thiol transferase (FosX) gene was present in all lineage I isolates, and the presence of the lincomycin resistance ABC-F-type ribosomal protection protein (lmo0919_fam) was also genetic-lineage-dependent. More importantly, the genes found to be specific to CC-type were consistent when a validation analysis was performed with fully assembled, high-quality complete L. monocytogenes genome sequences (n = 247) extracted from the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) microbial genomes database. This work highlights the usefulness of MLST-based CC typing using the Whole-Genome Sequence as a tool in classifying isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Myintzaw
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Bishopstown, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland
| | - Vincenzo Pennone
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co., P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
| | - Olivia McAuliffe
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co., P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
| | - Máire Begley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Bishopstown, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland
| | - Michael Callanan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Bishopstown, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland
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Casaux ML, D'Alessandro B, Vignoli R, Fraga M. Phenotypic and genotypic survey of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella enterica isolates from dairy farms in Uruguay. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1055432. [PMID: 36968467 PMCID: PMC10033963 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1055432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is an important zoonotic pathogen that is frequently identified in dairy farming systems. An increase in antibiotic resistance has led to inadequate results of treatments, with impacts on animal and human health. Here, the phenotypic and genotypic susceptibility patterns of Salmonella isolates from dairy cattle and dairy farm environments were evaluated and compared. A collection of 75 S. enterica isolates were evaluated, and their phenotypic susceptibility was determined. For genotypic characterization, the whole genomes of the isolates were sequenced, and geno-serotypes, sequence types (STs) and core-genome-sequence types were determined using the EnteroBase pipeline. To characterize antibiotic resistance genes and gene mutations, tools from the Center for Genomic Epidemiology were used. Salmonella Dublin (SDu), S. Typhimurium (STy), S. Anatum (SAn), S. Newport (SNe), S. Agona (Sag), S. Montevideo (SMo) and IIIb 61:i:z53 were included in the collection. A single sequence type was detected per serovar. Phenotypic non-susceptibility to streptomycin and tetracycline was very frequent in the collection, and high non-susceptibility to ciprofloxacin was also observed. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in 42 isolates (56.0%), with SAn and STy presenting higher MDR than the other serovars, showing non-susceptibility to up to 6 groups of antibiotics. Genomic analysis revealed the presence of 21 genes associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Salmonella isolates. More than 60% of the isolates carried some gene associated with resistance to aminoglycosides and tetracyclines. Only one gene associated with beta-lactam resistance was found, in seven isolates. Two different mutations were identified, parC_T57S and acrB_R717Q, which confer resistance to quinolones and azithromycin, respectively. The accuracy of predicting antimicrobial resistance phenotypes based on AMR genotypes was 83.7%. The genomic approach does not replace the phenotypic assay but offers valuable information for the survey of circulating antimicrobial resistance. This work represents one of the first studies evaluating phenotypic and genotypic AMR in Salmonella from dairy cattle in South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Laura Casaux
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - Bruno D'Alessandro
- Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Vignoli
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Martín Fraga
- Plataforma de Investigación en Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay
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Mussio P, Martínez I, Luzardo S, Navarro A, Leotta G, Varela G. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains recovered from bovine carcasses in Uruguay. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1130170. [PMID: 36950166 PMCID: PMC10025531 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1130170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a zoonotic pathogen that cause food-borne diseases in humans. Cattle and derived foodstuffs play a known role as reservoir and vehicles, respectively. In Uruguay, information about the characteristics of circulating STEC in meat productive chain is scarce. The aim was to characterize STEC strains recovered from 800 bovine carcasses of different slaughterhouses. Methods To characterize STEC strains we use classical microbiological procedures, Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) and FAO/WHO risk criteria. Results We analyzed 39 STEC isolated from 20 establishments. They belonged to 21 different O-groups and 13 different H-types. Only one O157:H7 strain was characterized and the serotypes O130:H11(6), O174:H28(5), and O22:H8(5) prevailed. One strain showed resistance in vitro to tetracycline and genes for doxycycline, sulfonamide, streptomycin and fosfomycin resistance were detected. Thirty-three strains (84.6%) carried the subtypes Stx2a, Stx2c, or Stx2d. The gene eae was detected only in two strains (O157:H7, O182:H25). The most prevalent virulence genes found were lpfA (n = 38), ompA (n = 39), ompT (n = 39), iss (n = 38), and terC (n = 39). Within the set of STEC analyzed, the majority (81.5%) belonged to FAO/WHO's risk classification levels 4 and 5 (lower risk). Besides, we detected STEC serotypes O22:H8, O113:H21, O130:H11, and O174:H21 belonged to level risk 2 associate with diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis or Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome (HUS). The only O157:H7 strain analyzed belonged to ST11. Thirty-eight isolates belonged to the Clermont type B1, while the O157:H7 was classified as E. Discussion The analyzed STEC showed high genomic diversity and harbor several genetic determinants associated with virulence, underlining the important role of WGS for a complete typing. In this set we did not detect non-O157 STEC previously isolated from local HUS cases. However, when interpreting this findings, the low number of isolates analyzed and some methodological limitations must be taken into account. Obtained data suggest that cattle constitute a local reservoir of non-O157 serotypes associated with severe diseases. Other studies are needed to assess the role of the local meat chain in the spread of STEC, especially those associated with severe diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Mussio
- Departamento de Microbiología, Laboratorio Tecnológico del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
- *Correspondence: Paula Mussio,
| | | | - Santiago Luzardo
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, INIA, Tacuarembó, Uruguay
| | - Armando Navarro
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Leotta
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Sistemas Alimentarios Sustentables, UEDD INTA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Varela
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Gustavo Varela,
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Investigation of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Listeria monocytogenes from 2010 through to 2021. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095506. [PMID: 35564901 PMCID: PMC9099560 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious public health issue. Due to resistance to current antibiotics and a low rate of development of new classes of antimicrobials, AMR is a leading cause of death worldwide. Listeria monocytogenes is a deadly foodborne pathogen that causes listeriosis for the immunocompromised, the elderly, and pregnant women. Unfortunately, antimicrobial resistance has been reported in L. monocytogenes. This study conducted the first comprehensive statistical analysis of L. monocytogenes isolate data from the National Pathogen Detection Isolate Browser (NPDIB) to identify the trends for AMR genes in L. monocytogenes. Principal component analysis was firstly used to project the multi-dimensional data into two dimensions. Hierarchical clustering was then used to identify the significant AMR genes found in L. monocytogenes samples and to assess changes during the period from 2010 through to 2021. Statistical analysis of the data identified fosX, lin, abc-f, and tet(M) as the four most common AMR genes found in L. monocytogenes. It was determined that there was no increase in AMR genes during the studied time period. It was also observed that the number of isolates decreased from 2016 to 2020. This study establishes a baseline for the ongoing monitoring of L. monocytogenes for AMR genes.
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Parra-Flores J, Holý O, Bustamante F, Lepuschitz S, Pietzka A, Contreras-Fernández A, Castillo C, Ovalle C, Alarcón-Lavín MP, Cruz-Córdova A, Xicohtencatl-Cortes J, Mancilla-Rojano J, Troncoso M, Figueroa G, Ruppitsch W. Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Listeria monocytogenes Strains Isolated From Ready-to-Eat Foods in Chile. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:796040. [PMID: 35299835 PMCID: PMC8921925 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.796040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is causing listeriosis, a rare but severe foodborne infection. Listeriosis affects pregnant women, newborns, older adults, and immunocompromised individuals. Ready-to-eat (RTE) foods are the most common sources of transmission of the pathogen This study explored the virulence factors and antibiotic resistance in L. monocytogenes strains isolated from ready-to-eat (RTE) foods through in vitro and in silico testing by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). The overall positivity of L. monocytogenes in RTE food samples was 3.1% and 14 strains were isolated. L. monocytogenes ST8, ST2763, ST1, ST3, ST5, ST7, ST9, ST14, ST193, and ST451 sequence types were identified by average nucleotide identity, ribosomal multilocus sequence typing (rMLST), and core genome MLST. Seven isolates had serotype 1/2a, five 1/2b, one 4b, and one 1/2c. Three strains exhibited in vitro resistance to ampicillin and 100% of the strains carried the fosX, lin, norB, mprF, tetA, and tetC resistance genes. In addition, the arsBC, bcrBC, and clpL genes were detected, which conferred resistance to stress and disinfectants. All strains harbored hlyA, prfA, and inlA genes almost thirty-two the showed the bsh, clpCEP, hly, hpt, iap/cwhA, inlA, inlB, ipeA, lspA, mpl, plcA, pclB, oat, pdgA, and prfA genes. One isolate exhibited a type 11 premature stop codon (PMSC) in the inlA gene and another isolate a new mutation (deletion of A in position 819). The Inc18(rep25), Inc18(rep26), and N1011A plasmids and MGEs were found in nine isolates. Ten isolates showed CAS-Type II-B systems; in addition, Anti-CRISPR AcrIIA1 and AcrIIA3 phage-associated systems were detected in three genomes. These virulence and antibiotic resistance traits in the strains isolated in the RTE foods indicate a potential public health risk for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Parra-Flores
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Ondrej Holý
- Science and Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Fernanda Bustamante
- Environmental and Public Health Laboratory, Regional Secretariat of the Ministry of Health in Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Sarah Lepuschitz
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ariane Pietzka
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Claudia Castillo
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Catalina Ovalle
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | | | - Ariadnna Cruz-Córdova
- Intestinal Bacteriology Research Laboratory, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Xicohtencatl-Cortes
- Intestinal Bacteriology Research Laboratory, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jetsi Mancilla-Rojano
- Intestinal Bacteriology Research Laboratory, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
- Faculty of Medicine, Biological Sciences Graduate Program, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miriam Troncoso
- Microbiology and Probiotics Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Guillermo Figueroa
- Microbiology and Probiotics Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Werner Ruppitsch
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Vienna, Austria
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10
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Guidi F, Chiaverini A, Repetto A, Lorenzetti C, Centorotola G, Bazzucchi V, Palombo B, Gattuso A, Pomilio F, Blasi G. Hyper-Virulent Listeria monocytogenes Strains Associated With Respiratory Infections in Central Italy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:765540. [PMID: 34746033 PMCID: PMC8564288 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.765540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a foodborne pathogen causing listeriosis. Invasive forms of the disease mainly manifest as septicaemia, meningitis and maternal-neonatal infections. Lm-associated respiratory infections are very rare and little known. We reported two Lm respiratory infection cases occurred in Central Italy during the summer of 2020, in the midst of the SARS-CoV2 pandemic. In addition to collect the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the patients, we used Whole Genome Sequencing to study the genomes of the Lm isolates investigating their virulence and antimicrobial profiles and the presence of genetic mobile elements. Both the strains belonged to hypervirulent MLST clonal complexes (CC). In addition to the Listeria Pathogenicity Island 1 (LIPI-1), the CC1 strain also carried LIPI-3 and the CC4 both LIPI-3 and LIPI-4. Genetic determinants for antimicrobial and disinfectants resistance were found. The CC1 genome presented prophage sequences but they did not interrupt the comK gene, involved in the phagosomal escape of Lm. None of the strains carried plasmids. Lm is an important, although rare, opportunistic pathogen for respiratory tract and lung infections. To avoid dangerous diagnostic delays of these severe clinical forms, it is important to sensitize hospital laboratories to this rare manifestation of listeriosis considering Lm in the differential diagnosis of respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizia Guidi
- Laboratorio Controllo Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alexandra Chiaverini
- Laboratorio Nazionale di Riferimento per Listeria monocytogenes, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise G. Caporale, Teramo, Italy
| | - Antonella Repetto
- Struttura complessa di Microbiologia, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cinzia Lorenzetti
- Laboratorio Controllo Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, Perugia, Italy
| | - Gabriella Centorotola
- Laboratorio Nazionale di Riferimento per Listeria monocytogenes, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise G. Caporale, Teramo, Italy
| | - Viviana Bazzucchi
- Laboratorio Controllo Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, Perugia, Italy
| | - Barbara Palombo
- Laboratorio Controllo Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonietta Gattuso
- Dipartimento di Sicurezza Alimentare, Nutrizione e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Pomilio
- Laboratorio Nazionale di Riferimento per Listeria monocytogenes, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise G. Caporale, Teramo, Italy
| | - Giuliana Blasi
- Laboratorio Controllo Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, Perugia, Italy
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11
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Galarce N, Sánchez F, Escobar B, Lapierre L, Cornejo J, Alegría-Morán R, Neira V, Martínez V, Johnson T, Fuentes-Castillo D, Sano E, Lincopan N. Genomic Epidemiology of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from the Livestock-Food-Human Interface in South America. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11071845. [PMID: 34206206 PMCID: PMC8300192 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are zoonotic pathogens that cause food-borne diseases in humans, where cattle and derived products play a key role as reservoirs and vehicles. We analyzed the genomic data of STEC strains circulating at the livestock-food-human interface in South America, extracting clinically and epidemiologically relevant information (serotypes, virulome, resistance genes, sequence types, and phylogenomics). This study included 130 STEC genomes obtained from cattle (n = 51), beef (n = 48), and human (n = 31) samples. The successful expansion of O157:H7 (ST11) and non-O157 (ST16, ST21, ST223, ST443, ST677, ST679, ST2388) clones is highlighted, suggesting common activities, such as multilateral trade and travel. Circulating STEC strains analyzed exhibit high genomic diversity and harbor several genetic determinants associated with severe illness in humans, highlighting the need to establish official surveillance of this pathogen that should be focused on detecting molecular determinants of virulence and clonal relatedness, in the whole beef production chain. Abstract Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are zoonotic pathogens responsible for causing food-borne diseases in humans. While South America has the highest incidence of human STEC infections, information about the genomic characteristics of the circulating strains is scarce. The aim of this study was to analyze genomic data of STEC strains isolated in South America from cattle, beef, and humans; predicting the antibiotic resistome, serotypes, sequence types (STs), clonal complexes (CCs) and phylogenomic backgrounds. A total of 130 whole genome sequences of STEC strains were analyzed, where 39.2% were isolated from cattle, 36.9% from beef, and 23.8% from humans. The ST11 was the most predicted (20.8%) and included O-:H7 (10.8%) and O157:H7 (10%) serotypes. The successful expansion of non-O157 clones such as ST16/CC29-O111:H8 and ST21/CC29-O26:H11 is highlighted, suggesting multilateral trade and travel. Virulome analyses showed that the predominant stx subtype was stx2a (54.6%); most strains carried ehaA (96.2%), iha (91.5%) and lpfA (77.7%) genes. We present genomic data that can be used to support the surveillance of STEC strains circulating at the livestock-food-human interface in South America, in order to control the spread of critical clones “from farm to table”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Galarce
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (F.S.); (B.E.); (L.L.); (J.C.); (R.A.-M.); (V.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Fernando Sánchez
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (F.S.); (B.E.); (L.L.); (J.C.); (R.A.-M.); (V.N.)
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Silvoagropecuarias y Veterinarias, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile
| | - Beatriz Escobar
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (F.S.); (B.E.); (L.L.); (J.C.); (R.A.-M.); (V.N.)
| | - Lisette Lapierre
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (F.S.); (B.E.); (L.L.); (J.C.); (R.A.-M.); (V.N.)
| | - Javiera Cornejo
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (F.S.); (B.E.); (L.L.); (J.C.); (R.A.-M.); (V.N.)
| | - Raúl Alegría-Morán
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (F.S.); (B.E.); (L.L.); (J.C.); (R.A.-M.); (V.N.)
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Ambientales, Universidad Pedro de Valdivia, Santiago 8370007, Chile
| | - Víctor Neira
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (F.S.); (B.E.); (L.L.); (J.C.); (R.A.-M.); (V.N.)
| | - Víctor Martínez
- Departamento de Fomento de la Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile;
| | - Timothy Johnson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;
| | - Danny Fuentes-Castillo
- Departamento de Patología, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil;
| | - Elder Sano
- Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (E.S.); (N.L.)
| | - Nilton Lincopan
- Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (E.S.); (N.L.)
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