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Javaheri Barfourooshi H, Sadeghipanah H, Asadzadeh N, Seyedabadi H, Borazjani M, Javanmard A. Changes in the gene expression profile of the mammary gland lipogenic enzymes in Saanen goats in response to dietary fats. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:945-956. [PMID: 36595618 PMCID: PMC10029901 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The second half of the first pregnancy is a critical period in the growth and development of the mammary gland. The use of functional compounds during this period may positively impact livestock performance. OBJECTIVES In this study, changes in lipogenic enzyme gene expression in the mammary gland of Saanen goats in response to different dietary fat sources were analysed. METHODS Goats from four groups (10 each) received these diets from the last two months of pregnancy through four months of lactation: C-, no added fat (negative control group), C+, with saturated palm oil (positive control group), SB, with roasted soybeans (omega-6 group) and FS, with extruded flaxseed (omega-3 group). The fat content was about 4% of dry matter. Milk yield, milk fatty acid profile, milk health index (HI) and gene expression of four lipogenic enzymes in mammary tissue were measured. RESULTS The FS group had significantly higher milk production with lower omega-6 to omega-3, monounsaturated to polyunsaturated, and total saturated fatty acids compared to other groups. The shorter and longer than16-carbon chain of total milk fatty acid indicates significantly higher values for the C- and C+ groups, respectively. The milk HI for the SB group was significantly higher. The gene expression profile for acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase was higher in the C- group than other experimental groups. CONCLUSIONS The results show that manipulation of the diet with unsaturated fat supplements improved milk production, synthesis of milk fat and molecular expression of lipogenic enzymes in mammary tissue in primiparous Saanen goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Javaheri Barfourooshi
- Department of Animal Production Management, Animal Science Research Institute of Iran (ASRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Hassan Sadeghipanah
- Department of Animal Production Management, Animal Science Research Institute of Iran (ASRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Nader Asadzadeh
- Department of Animal Production Management, Animal Science Research Institute of Iran (ASRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Seyedabadi
- Department of Biotechnology, Animal Science Research Institute of Iran (ASRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Marjan Borazjani
- Central Laboratory, Animal Science Research Institute of Iran (ASRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Arash Javanmard
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Tajonar K, Gonzalez-Ronquillo M, Relling A, Nordquist RE, Nawroth C, Vargas-Bello-Pérez E. Toward assessing the role of dietary fatty acids in lamb's neurological and cognitive development. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1081141. [PMID: 36865439 PMCID: PMC9971820 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1081141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding and measuring sheep cognition and behavior can provide us with measures to safeguard the welfare of these animals in production systems. Optimal neurological and cognitive development of lambs is important to equip individuals with the ability to better cope with environmental stressors. However, this development can be affected by nutrition with a special role from long-chain fatty acid supply from the dam to the fetus or in lamb's early life. Neurological development in lambs takes place primarily during the first two trimesters of gestation. Through late fetal and early postnatal life, the lamb brain has a high level of cholesterol synthesis. This rate declines rapidly at weaning and remains low throughout adulthood. The main polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the brain are ω-6 arachidonic acid and ω-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which are elements of plasma membranes' phospholipids in neuronal cells. DHA is essential for keeping membrane integrity and is vital for normal development of the central nervous system (CNS), and its insufficiency can damage cerebral functions and the development of cognitive capacities. In sheep, there is evidence that supplying PUFA during gestation or after birth may be beneficial to lamb productive performance and expression of species-specific behaviors. The objective of this perspective is to discuss concepts of ruminant behavior and nutrition and reflect on future research directions that could help to improve our knowledge on how dietary fatty acids (FA) relate to optimal neurological and cognitive development in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Tajonar
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Rumiantes, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico,Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Gonzalez-Ronquillo
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Relling
- Department of Animal Science, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Rebecca E. Nordquist
- Unit Animals in Science and Society, Department Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Christian Nawroth
- Institute of Behavioural Physiology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany,*Correspondence: Christian Nawroth ✉
| | - Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom,Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez ✉
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Implementation of Sustainable Development Goals in the dairy sector: Perspectives on the use of agro-industrial side-streams to design functional foods. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Vargas-Bello-Pérez E, Khushvakov J, Ye Y, Pedersen NC, Hansen HH, Ahrné L, Khakimov B. Goat Milk Foodomics. Dietary Supplementation of Sunflower Oil and Rapeseed Oil Modify Milk Amino Acid and Organic Acid Profiles in Dairy Goats. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:837229. [PMID: 35400103 PMCID: PMC8987497 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.837229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The dietary supplementation of vegetable oils is known to improve the dietary energy density as well as milk fatty acid profile; however, the impacts on the milk foodome is largely unknown. This study investigated the effect of two different sources of unsaturated fatty acids, rapeseed oil and sunflower oil, as a feeding supplement on the milk foodome from dairy goats. Nine Danish Landrace goats at 42 ± 5 days in milk were allocated to three treatment groups for 42 days with three animals per group. A control group received a basal diet made of forage and concentrate at an 85:15 ratio. On top of the basal diet, the second and third groups received rapeseed oil or sunflower oil supplements at 4% of dry matter, respectively. Goat milk was sampled on days 14, 21, and 42. The milk foodome was measured using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The milk levels of 2-hydroxyisovaleric acid, oxaloacetic acid, and taurine were higher in the milk from goats fed with sunflower oil compared to the control group. More glucose-1-phosphate was found in the milk from goats fed with rapeseed oil compared to the control group. Amino acids, valine and tyrosine, and 2-hydroxyisovaleric acid and oxaloacetic acid were higher in the sunflower group compared to the rapeseed group, while the milk from the rapeseed-fed goats had greater levels of ethanol and 2-oxoglutaric acid compared to the sunflower group. Thus, results show that foodomics is suitable for studying how milk chemistry changes as a function of feeding regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez
| | - Jaloliddin Khushvakov
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Facility Management, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Yongxin Ye
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Nanna Camilla Pedersen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Hanne Helene Hansen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Lilia Ahrné
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Bekzod Khakimov
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Bekzod Khakimov
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Hervás G, Toral PG, Fernández-Díez C, Badia AD, Frutos P. Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Lipids of Different Unsaturation Degree on Feed Efficiency and Milk Fatty Acid Profile in Dairy Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2476. [PMID: 34438933 PMCID: PMC8388673 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids of different unsaturation degree were added to dairy ewe diet to test the hypothesis that unsaturated oils would modulate milk fatty acid (FA) profile without impairing or even improving feed efficiency. To this aim, we examined milk FA profile and efficiency metrics (feed conversion ratio (FCR), energy conversion ratio (ECR), residual feed intake (RFI), and residual energy intake (REI)) in 40 lactating ewes fed a diet with no lipid supplementation (Control) or supplemented with 3 fats rich in saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated FA (i.e., purified palmitic acid (PA), olive oil (OO), and soybean oil (SBO)). Compared with PA, addition of OO decreased milk medium-chain saturated FA and improved the concentration of potentially health-promoting FA, such as cis-9 18:1, trans-11 18:1, cis-9 trans-11 CLA, and 4:0, with no impact on feed efficiency metrics. Nevertheless, FA analysis and decreases in FCR and ECR suggested that SBO supplementation would be a better nutritional strategy to further improve milk FA profile and feed efficiency in dairy ewes. The paradox of differences observed depending on the metric used to estimate feed efficiency (i.e., the lack of variation in RFI and REI vs. changes in FCR and ECR) does not allow solid conclusions to be drawn in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Hervás
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, Spain; (P.G.T.); (C.F.-D.); (A.D.B.); (P.F.)
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Bosco S, Volpi I, Cappucci A, Mantino A, Ragaglini G, Bonari E, Mele M. Innovating feeding strategies in dairy sheep farming can reduce environmental impact of ewe milk. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.2003726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Bosco
- Istituto di Scienze della Vita, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
| | - Iride Volpi
- Istituto di Scienze della Vita, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alice Cappucci
- Centro di Ricerche Agro-Ambientali ‘Enrico Avanzi’, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantino
- Istituto di Scienze della Vita, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giorgio Ragaglini
- Istituto di Scienze della Vita, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
| | - Enrico Bonari
- Istituto di Scienze della Vita, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marcello Mele
- Centro di Ricerche Agro-Ambientali ‘Enrico Avanzi’, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-Ambientali, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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