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Xu Q, Li D, Chen X, Liu X, Cao H, Wang H, Wu H, Cheng T, Ren W, Xu F, He Q, Yu X, Li W. In Vivo Study of Inoculation Approaches and Pathogenicity in African Swine Fever. Vet Sci 2024; 11:403. [PMID: 39330782 PMCID: PMC11435879 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11090403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever is an extremely infectious viral disease that can cause nearly 100% mortality in domestic pigs. In this study, we isolated an ASFV strain HB31A and characterized it using hemadsorption assay, immunofluorescence assay, and electron microscopy. We then performed animal experiments on 20-day-old pigs through intramuscular and oronasal inoculations with HB31A. Pigs in the intramuscular group exhibited more consistent clinical disease, with an incubation period of 4.33 ± 0.47 days and a 100% mortality rate within 6.67 (±0.47) days post-inoculation (dpi). In contrast, the oronasal group experienced a longer course of disease, with an incubation period of 6.00 ± 0.82 days. Two out of three pigs in the oronasal group died at 8 and 10 dpi, while the surviving pig exhibited chronic disease and persistent infection, intermittently excreting ASFV through the oral, nasal, and rectal pathways. Virus DNA was found in oral, nasal, and rectal swabs at 1-3 dpi in the intramuscular group and at 3-5 dpi in the oronasal group. In summary, HB31A is highly lethal to domestic pigs, and field-infected pigs have the potential to develop non-lethal, chronic disease and persistent infection, with intermittent viral shedding, even when infected with a highly virulent strain. These findings offer a valuable understanding of the viral dynamics and pathogenicity of ASFV and highlight the difficulties in diagnosing, preventing, and controlling African swine fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.X.); (D.L.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (H.C.); (H.W.); (H.W.); (T.C.); (W.R.); (F.X.); (Q.H.)
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dongfan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.X.); (D.L.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (H.C.); (H.W.); (H.W.); (T.C.); (W.R.); (F.X.); (Q.H.)
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.X.); (D.L.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (H.C.); (H.W.); (H.W.); (T.C.); (W.R.); (F.X.); (Q.H.)
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.X.); (D.L.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (H.C.); (H.W.); (H.W.); (T.C.); (W.R.); (F.X.); (Q.H.)
| | - Hua Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.X.); (D.L.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (H.C.); (H.W.); (H.W.); (T.C.); (W.R.); (F.X.); (Q.H.)
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.X.); (D.L.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (H.C.); (H.W.); (H.W.); (T.C.); (W.R.); (F.X.); (Q.H.)
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Haowei Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.X.); (D.L.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (H.C.); (H.W.); (H.W.); (T.C.); (W.R.); (F.X.); (Q.H.)
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tangyu Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.X.); (D.L.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (H.C.); (H.W.); (H.W.); (T.C.); (W.R.); (F.X.); (Q.H.)
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenhui Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.X.); (D.L.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (H.C.); (H.W.); (H.W.); (T.C.); (W.R.); (F.X.); (Q.H.)
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fengqin Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.X.); (D.L.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (H.C.); (H.W.); (H.W.); (T.C.); (W.R.); (F.X.); (Q.H.)
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qigai He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.X.); (D.L.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (H.C.); (H.W.); (H.W.); (T.C.); (W.R.); (F.X.); (Q.H.)
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xuexiang Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.X.); (D.L.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (H.C.); (H.W.); (H.W.); (T.C.); (W.R.); (F.X.); (Q.H.)
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wentao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.X.); (D.L.); (X.C.); (X.L.); (H.C.); (H.W.); (H.W.); (T.C.); (W.R.); (F.X.); (Q.H.)
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
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Miao C, Shao J, Yang S, Wen S, Ma Y, Gao S, Chang H, Liu W. Development of plate-type and tubular chemiluminescence immunoassay against African swine fever virus p72. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:431. [PMID: 39093478 PMCID: PMC11297061 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13249-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and fatal viral disease that has caused huge economic losses to the pig and related industries worldwide. At present, rapid, accurate, and sensitive laboratory detection technologies are important means of preventing and controlling ASF. However, because attenuated strains of African swine fever virus (ASFV) are constantly emerging, an ASFV antibody could be used more effectively to investigate the virus and control the disease on pig farms. The isolation of ASFV-specific antibodies is also essential for the diagnosis of ASF. Therefore, in this study, we developed two chemiluminescence immunoassays (CLIAs) to detect antibodies directed against ASFV p72: a traditional plate-type blocking CLIA (p72-CLIA) and an automatic tubular competitive CLIA based on magnetic particles (p72-MPCLIA). We compared the diagnostic performance of these two methods to provide a feasible new method for the effective prevention and control of ASF and the purification of ASFV. The cut-off value, diagnostic sensitivity (Dsn), and diagnostic specificity (Dsp) of p72-CLIA were 40%, 100%, and 99.6%, respectively, in known background serum, whereas those of p72-MPCLIA were 36%, 100%, and 99.6%, respectively. Thus, both methods show good Dsn, Dsp, and repeatability. However, when analytical sensitivity was evaluated, p72-MPCLIA was more sensitive than p72-CLIA or a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. More importantly, p72-MPCLIA reduced the detection time to 15 min and allowed fully automated detection. In summary, p72-MPCLIA showed superior diagnostic performance and offered a new tool for detecting ASFV infections in the future. KEY POINTS: • Two chemiluminescence immunoassay (plate-type CLIA and tubular CLIA) methods based on p72 monoclonal antibody (mAb) were developed to detect ASFV antibody. • Both methods show good diagnostic performance (Dsn (100%), Dsp (99.6%), and good repeatability), and p72-MPCLIA detects antibodies against ASFV p72 with high efficiency in just 15 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Miao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junjun Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Sicheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shenghui Wen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yunyun Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shandian Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huiyun Chang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
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Chen H, Zhu J, Niu X, Cheng Y, Jian W, Gao F, Sunkang Y, Qi W, Huang L. Development of a P30 protein-based indirect ELISA for detecting African swine fever antibodies utilizing the HEK293F expression system. Vet J 2024; 306:106186. [PMID: 38936461 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is an acute, febrile, and highly lethal infectious disease in pigs caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV). Effective detection methods and strict biosecurity measures are crucial for preventing and controlling ASF, especially since there are currently no commercially available vaccines or antiviral drugs to combat ASFV infection effectively. However, the emergence of low-virulence strains of ASFV in recent years has led to false-positive results, highlighting the importance of early-produced antibody detection methods. Therefore, detecting antibodies against ASFV produced early in the infection can facilitate the prompt identification of infected pigs. This study focused on the p30 protein, an early expressed protein during ASFV infection, to develop an indirect ELISA. This method was established using the HEK293F suspension cell expression system, which has the ability to produce large quantities of correctly folded proteins with normal functionality. In this study, we developed an indirect ELISA test utilizing the p30 recombinant protein produced by the HEK293F suspension cell expression system as the antigen coating. The concentration of the p30 protein obtained from the HEK293F suspension cell expression system was measured at 4.668 mg/mL, serving as the foundation for establishing the indirect ELISA. Our findings indicate that the indirect ELISA method exhibits a sensitivity of 1:12800. Furthermore, it demonstrates high specificity and excellent reproducibility. Comparing our results to those obtained from the commercial kit, we found a coincidence rate of 98.148 % for the indirect ELISA. In summary, we have developed a sensitive method for detecting ASFV, providing a valuable tool for monitoring ASFV infection in pig herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huahan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Junhai Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xuefeng Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China; National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou 510120, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yuanyi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China; National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China; Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou 510120, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Weijun Jian
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yongjie Sunkang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenbao Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Lihong Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China; National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonoses Prevention and Control, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Tram NTN, Lai DC, Dung DTP, Toan NT, Duy DT. Evaluation of early African swine fever virus detection using CP204L gene encoding the p30 protein using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Vet World 2024; 17:1196-1201. [PMID: 39077455 PMCID: PMC11283596 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.1196-1201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim The African swine fever virus (ASFV), spanning 170-193 kb, contains over 200 proteins, including p72 and p30, which play crucial roles in the virus's entry and expression. This study investigated the capability of detecting ASFV early through the analysis of genes B646L and CP204L, encoding p72 and p30 antigen proteins, by employing ASFV, diagnosis, immunohistochemistry (IHC), quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and IHC techniques. Materials and Methods Samples were taken from both experimentally and field-infected pigs to evaluate the effectiveness of qPCR and IHC in detecting ASFV. Twenty-two infected pigs were necropsied at 3-, 5-, 7-, and 9-day post-infection to obtain the first set of samples, collecting anticoagulated blood and tissues each time. The thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes were processed by fixing in 10% formalin, paraffin-blocking, and undergoing IHC staining. Forty anticoagulated blood samples were collected from clinically infected sows at a pig farm for the second batch of samples. Based on the lowest Ct values, three blood samples were diluted fivefold for qPCR DNA testing, and their tissues were used for both qPCR and IHC analyses. Results At 1-day post-infection, p30-qPCR identified more ASFV-positive pigs and measured lower Ct values compared to p72-qPCR. At later time points, both methods showed similar levels of detection. ASFV was detected earlier and with lower Ct values in lymphoid tissues using p30-qPCR compared to p72-qPCR, particularly in the spleen and lymph nodes. In a field outbreak study, p30-qPCR demonstrated superior sensitivity and lower Ct values when detecting ASFV in blood samples compared to p72-qPCR. Conclusion The early detection of the CP204L gene encoding p30 and its corresponding antigenic protein in ASFV diagnosis compared to the gene encoding p72 suggests that CP204L and p30 are promising candidates for the development of more effective antigen and antibody testing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngo Thi Ngoc Tram
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Danh Cong Lai
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583, USA
| | - Do Thi Phuong Dung
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Tat Toan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Do Tien Duy
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Magtoto PD, Arruda BL, Magtoto RL, Mora-Díaz JC, Opulencia RB, Baum DH, Zimmerman JJ, Giménez-Lirola LG. Differential antigenicity of individual Mycoplasma hyorhinis variable lipoproteins. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2024; 272:110768. [PMID: 38703559 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
The Mycoplasma hyorhinis (Mhr) variable lipoprotein (Vlp) family, comprising Vlps A, B, C, D, E, F, and G, are highly variable in expression, size, and cytoadhesion capabilities across Mhr strains. The 'Vlp system' plays a crucial role in cytoadhesion, immune evasion, and in eliciting a host immunologic response. This pilot study described the development of Vlp peptide-based ELISAs to evaluate the antigenic reactivity of individual Vlps against Mhr antisera collected throughout a longitudinal study focused on Mhr strain 38983, reproducing Mhr-associated disease under experimental conditions. Specifically, serum samples were collected at day post-inoculation 0, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 24, 28, 35, 42, 49, and 56 from Mhr- and mock (Friis medium)-inoculated cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived pigs. Significant Mhr-specific IgG responses were detected at specific time points throughout the infection, with some variations for each Vlp. Overall, individual Vlp ELISAs showed consistently high accuracy rates, except for VlpD, which would likely be associated with its expression levels or the anti-Vlp humoral immune response specific to the Mhr strain used in this study. This study provides the basis and tools for a more refined understanding of these Vlp- and Mhr strain-specific variations, which is foundational in understanding the host immune response to Mhr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Precy D Magtoto
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Pampanga State Agricultural University, Pampanga, the Philippines; College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, the Philippines
| | - Bailey L Arruda
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA; Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Ronaldo L Magtoto
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Mora-Díaz
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Rina B Opulencia
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, the Philippines
| | - David H Baum
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Jeff J Zimmerman
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Luis G Giménez-Lirola
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
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Chootip J, Hansoongnern P, Thangthamniyom N, Theerawatanasirikul S, Chankeeree P, Kaewborisuth C, Lekcharoensuk P. Small ubiquitin-like modifier-tag and modified protein purification significantly increase the quality and quantity of recombinant African swine fever virus p30 protein. Vet World 2024; 17:1157-1167. [PMID: 38911078 PMCID: PMC11188891 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.1157-1167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim African swine fever (ASF) is a highly virulent and contagious viral disease caused by the ASF virus (ASFV). It has a significant impact on swine production throughout the world, while existing vaccines and specific treatments remain ineffective. ASFV p30 is a potent antigenic protein that induces protective antibodies immediately after infection; however, most recombinant p30 is insoluble. This study aimed to improve the solubility, yield, and purity of recombinant p30 by tagging it with a small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) and modifying the protein purification process. Materials and Methods SUMO fused with ASFV p30 (SUMO-p30) and p30 alone were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. SUMO-p30 and p30 solubility and expression levels were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Protein purification was modified by combining ammonium sulfate precipitation method with affinity chromatography. In addition, large-scale production of all versions of p30 were compared using SDS-PAGE and western blotting, and the purified p30 was used to develop the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The solubility and expression levels of SUMO-p30 were dramatically enhanced compared with that of p30. Modification of the purification process significantly increased purified and soluble SUMO-p30 and p30 yields by 6.59 and 1.02 μg/mL, respectively. Large-scale production confirmed that this procedure increased the quantity of recombinant p30 while maintaining protein purity and immunogenicity. The p30-based indirect ELISA was able to discriminate between positive and negative serum samples with statistically significant differences in mean optical density 450 values (p < 0.001). Conclusion This study demonstrates the enhancement of solubility, purity, and yield of ASFV p30 expressed in E.coli by SUMO fusion tagging and combining ammonium sulfate precipitation with affinity chromatography for protein purification. These positive effects were sustained in large-scale production. Cleavage and removal of hexahistidine-SUMO tag from the fusion protein by protease may not be suitable when handling a large amount of the protein. However, the SUMO-fused p30 retained strong immunoreactivity to convalescent swine serum, indicating its application in immunization and diagnostic purposes. The expression and purification procedures in this study could be applied to increase solubility, quality, and quantity of other recombinant proteins as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jullada Chootip
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Payuda Hansoongnern
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Virology and Cell Technology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Nattarat Thangthamniyom
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Sirin Theerawatanasirikul
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Penpitcha Chankeeree
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Challika Kaewborisuth
- Virology and Cell Technology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Porntippa Lekcharoensuk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food, KU Institute of Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
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Cao H, Zhang M, Liao Z, Li D, He X, Ma H, Li P, Yu X, Peng G, Xie S, He Q, Li W. A porcine kidney-derived clonal cell line with clear genetic annotation is highly susceptible to African swine fever virus. Vet Res 2024; 55:42. [PMID: 38575961 PMCID: PMC10996120 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01300-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
African Swine Fever virus (ASFV), the causative agent of African swine fever, is a highly lethal hemorrhagic virus affecting domestic pigs and wild boars. The primary target cells for ASFV infection are porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs), which are difficult to obtain and maintain in vitro, and less subjective to genetic editing. To overcome these issues and facilitate ASFV research, we obtained a subclonal cell line PK1-C5 by subcloning LLC-PK1 cells that support stable ASFV proliferation. This consequential cell line exhibited high ASFV infection levels and similar viral growth characteristics to PAMs, while also allowing high-efficiency genomic editing through transfection or lentivirus transduction of Cas9. Taken together, our study provided a valuable tool for research aspects including ASFV-host interactions, pathogenicity, and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mengjia Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zheyu Liao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dongfan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xinglin He
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hailong Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xuexiang Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guiqing Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shengsong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qigai He
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Wentao Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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8
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Zhu D, Su T, Sun T, Qin X, Su S, Bai Y, Li F, Zhao D, Shao G, Chao J, Feng Z, Wang L. Enhancing Point-of-Care Diagnosis of African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) DNA with the CRISPR-Cas12a-Assisted Triplex Amplified Assay. Anal Chem 2024; 96:5178-5187. [PMID: 38500378 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Accurate, ultrasensitive, and point-of-care (POC) diagnosis of the African swine fever virus (ASFV) remains imperative to prevent its spread and limit the losses incurred. Herein, we propose a CRISPR-Cas12a-assisted triplex amplified colorimetric assay for ASFV DNA detection with ultrahigh sensitivity and specificity. The specific recognition of recombinase aided amplification (RAA)-amplified ASFV DNA could activate the Cas12a/crRNA/ASFV DNA complex, leading to the digestion of the linker DNA (bio-L1) on magnetic beads (MBs), thereby preventing its binding of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) network. After magnetic separation, the release of AuNPs network comprising a substantial quantity of AuNPs could lead to a discernible alteration in color and significantly amplify the plasmonic signal, which could be read by spectrophotometers or smartphones. By combining the RAA, CRISPR/Cas12a-assisted cleavage, and AuNPs network-mediated colorimetric amplification together, the assay could detect as low as 0.1 copies/μL ASFV DNA within 1 h. The assay showed an accuracy of 100% for the detection of ASFV DNA in 16 swine tissue fluid samples, demonstrating its potential for on-site diagnosis of ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tong Su
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xingcai Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shao Su
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yun Bai
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Dongming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Guoqing Shao
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jie Chao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhixin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Lianhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
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9
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Tian Y, Liang C, Zhou J, Sun F, Liu Y, Chen Y, Zhu X, Liu H, Ding P, Liu E, Zhang Y, Wu S, Wang A. Identification of a novel B-cell epitope of the African swine fever virus p34 protein and development of an indirect ELISA for the detection of serum antibodies. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1308753. [PMID: 38282734 PMCID: PMC10814126 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1308753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a viral disease caused by the African swine fever virus that can be highly transmitted and lethal in domestic pigs. In the absence of a vaccine, effective diagnosis is critical for minimizing the virus's spread. In recent years, with the decline of African swine fever virus (ASFV) virulence, antibody detection has become an important means of detection. ASFV nucleocapsid protein p34 is a mature hydrolytic product of pp220, which is highly conserved and has a high content in the structural protein of the virus. Prokaryotic cells were chosen to generate highly active and high-yield p34 protein, which was then used as an antigen for producing mouse monoclonal antibodies. The B-cell epitope 202QKELDKLQT210, which was highly conserved and found on the surface of the p34 protein, was first identified by an anti-p34 monoclonal antibody utilizing the peptide scanning technique and visualized in helix. This supported the viability of p34 protein detection even further. In addition, we established an indirect ELISA assay based on p34 to detect ASFV antibodies. The coincidence rate of this method with commercially available kits was shown to be 97.83%. Sensitivity analysis revealed that it could be detected in serum dilution as low as 1:6400, and there was no cross-reaction with other prevalent porcine epidemic diseases classical swine fever virus (CSFV), foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2). In summary, the established ELISA method and anti-P34 monoclonal antibody have demonstrated that the p34 protein has a promising application prospect for the detection of African swine fever antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Tian
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingming Zhou
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fanglin Sun
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yankai Liu
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yumei Chen
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xifang Zhu
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongliang Liu
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peiyang Ding
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Enping Liu
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sixuan Wu
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Aiping Wang
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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10
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Shi LF, Ren H, Zhang B, Shi SY, Shao HC, Xing H, Zhao YY, Lin ZZ, Zhang Y, Han S, He WR, Zhang G, Wan B. Preparation and epitope mapping of monoclonal antibodies against African swine fever virus p22 protein. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 255:128111. [PMID: 37979744 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF), caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), is now widespread in many countries and severely affects the commercial rearing of swine. Rapid and early diagnosis is crucial for the prevention of ASF. ASFV mature virions comprise the inner envelope protein, p22, making it an excellent candidate for the serological diagnosis and surveillance of ASF. In this study, the prokaryotic-expressed p22 recombinant protein was prepared and purified for immunization in mice. Four monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were identified using hybridoma cell fusion, clone purification, and immunological assays. The epitopes of mAbs 14G1 and 22D8 were further defined by alanine-scanning mutagenesis. Our results showed that amino acids C39, K40, V41, D42, C45, G48, E49, and C51 directly bound to 14G1, while the key amino acid epitope for 22D8 included K161, Y162, G163, D165, H166, I167, and I168. Homologous and structural analysis revealed that these sites were highly conserved across Asian and European ASFV strains, and the amino acids identified were located on the surface of p22. Thus, our study contributes to a better understanding of the antigenicity of the ASFV p22 protein, and the results could facilitate the prevention and control of ASF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Fang Shi
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haojie Ren
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Sai-Yan Shi
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Han-Cheng Shao
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hainan Xing
- Comprehensive service centers of Yilan Town, Yanji, China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhao
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhi-Zhao Lin
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shichong Han
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wen-Rui He
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Longhu Laboratory, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Bo Wan
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
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11
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Feng L, Shi Z, Luo J, Zhang X, Wei J, Zhou J, Liao H, Wang W, Tian H, Zheng H. WITHDRAWN: Development of a double-antigen sandwich ELISA for African swine fever virus antibody detection based on K205R protein. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127724. [PMID: 37898252 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies/article-withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhengwang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Juncong Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Juanjuan Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Huancheng Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wanying Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hong Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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12
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Jin J, Bai Y, Zhang Y, Lu W, Zhang S, Zhao X, Sun Y, Wu Y, Zhang A, Zhang G, Sun A, Zhuang G. Establishment and characterization of a novel indirect ELISA method based on ASFV antigenic epitope-associated recombinant protein. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127311. [PMID: 37865977 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
African Swine Fever (ASF) is an acute and highly lethal disease in pigs caused by African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV). Viral proteins have been commonly used as antigenic targets for the development of ASF diagnostic methods. However, the prokaryotic expression of viral proteins has deficiencies such as instability, insolubility, and high cost in eukaryotic situations. This study screened and verified ASFV-encoded p72, p54, and p30 protein antigenic epitopes. Subsequently, a novel antigenic epitope-associated recombinant protein was designed based on an ideal structural protein and expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli). Western blot analysis indicated that the recombinant protein could specifically react with the monoclonal antibody (mAb) of p72 and polyclonal antibodies of p54 and p30, respectively. Next, an ASF indirect ELISA (iELISA) method was established based on the recombinant protein, which has no specific reaction with sera of other important pig viral diseases. Meanwhile, it shows a sensitivity to detecting dilutions of ASF-positive reference serum up to 1:6400. The clinical sample detection results showed a high coincidence rate of 98 % with a commercial competition ELISA kit. In conclusion, we established a novel specific, and sensitive ASF serologic detection method that opens new avenues for ASF serodiagnostic method development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yilin Bai
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenlong Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaning Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanan Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Angke Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Aijun Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Guoqing Zhuang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
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13
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Hu Z, Tian X, Lai R, Wang X, Li X. Current detection methods of African swine fever virus. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1289676. [PMID: 38144466 PMCID: PMC10739333 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1289676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF), caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), is a highly contagious and notifiable animal disease in domestic pigs and wild boars, as designated by the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH). The effective diagnosis of ASF holds great importance in promptly controlling its spread due to its increasing prevalence and the continuous emergence of variant strains. This paper offers a comprehensive review of the most common and up-to-date methods established for various genes/proteins associated with ASFV. The discussed methods primarily focus on the detection of viral genomes or particles, as well as the detection of ASFV associated antibodies. It is anticipated that this paper will serve as a reference for choosing appropriate diagnostic methods in diverse application scenarios, while also provide direction for the development of innovative technologies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Hu
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Dezhou, China
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, China
- China Agriculture Research System-Yangling Comprehensive Test Station, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiaogang Tian
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Dezhou, China
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, China
| | - Ranran Lai
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Dezhou, China
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, China
| | - Xinglong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Dezhou, China
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, China
- China Agriculture Research System-Yangling Comprehensive Test Station, Xianyang, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed and Livestock and Poultry Products Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
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14
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Huang C, Cao C, Xu Z, Lin Y, Wu J, Weng Q, Liu Z, Jin Y, Chen P, Hua Q. A blocking ELISA based on virus-like nanoparticles chimerized with an antigenic epitope of ASFV P54 for detecting ASFV antibodies. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19928. [PMID: 37968284 PMCID: PMC10651890 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47068-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a highly lethal pathogen of domestic and wild pigs. Due to no vaccines or drugs available, early accurate diagnosis and eradication of infected animals are the most important measures for ASFV prevention and control. Bluetongue virus (BTV) core-like particles (CLPs) are non-infectious hollow nanoparticles assembled from the BTV VP3 and VP7 proteins, which could be used as a platform for presenting foreign epitopes. In this study, the secondary structure of BTV VP7 protein was analyzed and predicted using the IEDB Analysis resource. Based on the prediction results of the VP7 protein, the chimeric CLPs with an ASFV P54 epitope were successfully prepared through the BAC-to-BAC baculovirus expression system and sucrose gradient centrifugation. Based on the chimeric CLPs and mAb 2E4 against AFSV P54 epitope, a blocking ELISA for detecting AFSV antibodies was established, and its reaction conditions were optimized. Through comprehensive evaluation of the method, the results showed the chimeric CLPs-based blocking ELISA displayed the best detection performance, with an AUC of 0.9961, a sensitivity of 97.65%, and a specificity of 95.24% in ROC analysis. Compared with western blot and a commercial c-ELISA for detecting anti-ASFV antibodies, this method had an excellent agreement of 96.35% (kappa value = 0.911) and 97.76% (kappa value = 0.946) with the other tests, respectively. This ELISA also had high repeatability, with CV < 10%, and no cross-reaction with the serum antibodies against other swine viruses or Orbivirus. In brief, this was the first report on developing a blocking ELISA based on virus-like nanoparticles chimerized with an antigenic epitope of ASFV P54 for serological diagnosis of ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohua Huang
- Animal and Plant Inspection and Quarantine Center of Shenzhen Customs, Shenzhen, 518045, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenfu Cao
- Animal and Plant Inspection and Quarantine Center of Shenzhen Customs, Shenzhen, 518045, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhichao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxing Lin
- Animal and Plant Inspection and Quarantine Center of Shenzhen Customs, Shenzhen, 518045, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Animal and Plant Inspection and Quarantine Center of Shenzhen Customs, Shenzhen, 518045, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoyu Weng
- Animal and Plant Inspection and Quarantine Center of Shenzhen Customs, Shenzhen, 518045, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Jin
- Hu Nan Project Bioscience LTD, Changsha, 410137, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Chen
- Shenzhen Biolove Technology CO., LTD., Shenzhen, 518110, People's Republic of China
| | - Qunyi Hua
- Animal and Plant Inspection and Quarantine Center of Shenzhen Customs, Shenzhen, 518045, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Gao Y, Jiang X, Yang X, Zhang K, Jiang P, Bai J. Novel Epitope Mapping of African Swine Fever Virus pI215L Protein Using Monoclonal Antibodies. Viruses 2023; 15:2081. [PMID: 37896858 PMCID: PMC10612046 DOI: 10.3390/v15102081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The African swine fever virus (ASFV) is one of the most important pathogens that causes huge damage to worldwide swine production. The pI215L protein is found within the virion and expressed at a high level in infected porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs), indicating a possible role of pI215L protein in ASFV detection and surveillance. In the present study, female BALB/c mice (5-6-week-old) were immunized with rpI215L protein, and six hybridomas, 1C1, 2F6, 2F10, 3C8, 5E1 and 5B3, steadily secreted anti-pI215L monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Among them, 1C4, 5E1, and 5B3 had the IgG1 isotype with a Lambda light chain, 2F10 and 3C8 had the IgG1 isotype with a Kappa light chain, and 2F6 had the IgG2a isotype with a Kappa light chain. Western blot showed a good reactivity of the six mAbs against ASFV. Eight truncated polypeptides were produced for epitope mapping. Two novel B cell epitopes, 67LTFTSEMWHPNIYS80 and 167IEYFKNAASN176, were identified by the mAbs. Further analysis revealed that 2F6 mAb could be widely used in ASFV surveillance and 5B3 mAb might serve as a tool in the distinguishment of different ASFV genotypes. This study provides tools of monoclonal antibodies for further study of I215L function and contributes to the development of serological diagnosis and vaccine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaolin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Keshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Juan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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16
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Wang J, Bai J, Zhang L, Xia T, Yang X, Zhang K, Gao Y, Jiang P. A new B cell epitope of pC129R protein of African swine fever virus identified by monoclonal antibodies. Vet Microbiol 2023; 282:109744. [PMID: 37094439 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a most important pathogen which causes huge damage in swine production in the world. pC129R protein is one of the most abundant ASFV proteins in infected Vero cells and WSL-HP cells, which consequently could be a target for ASF detection and surveillance. In this study, 5-6-week-old female BALB/c mice were immunized with rpC129R protein expressed by a prokaryotic system. And three hybridomas, 1B1, 1B4 and 4H4, steadily secreted anti-pC129R monoclonal antibodies were screened by an indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Among them, 1B4 and 4H4 had IgG2a isotype with Kappa light chain, while 1B1 had IgG1 isotype with Kappa light chain. Western blot and indirect immunofluorescence assay showed that three monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specifically reacted with ASFV. Epitope mapping was performed with truncated polypeptides. And a new B cell epitope, 18KHYVLIPK25 was identified by the mAbs, which was highly conserved in most genotypes of ASFV. These findings not only provide a monoclonal antibody tool for further study of the function of C129R, but also lay the foundation for serological diagnosis and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junrong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Juan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lujie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tingting Xia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Keshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Yanni Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Ping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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17
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Li L, Qiao S, Liu J, Zhou Y, Tong W, Dong S, Liu C, Jiang Y, Guo Z, Zheng H, Zhao R, Tong G, Li G, Gao F. A highly efficient indirect ELISA and monoclonal antibody established against African swine fever virus pK205R. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1103166. [PMID: 36700212 PMCID: PMC9868132 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1103166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a contagious infectious disease with high lethality which continuously threatens the global pig industry causing huge economic losses. Currently, there are no commercially available vaccines or antiviral drugs that can effectively control ASF. The pathogen of ASF, ASF virus (ASFV) is a double-stranded DNA virus with a genome ranging from 170 to 193 kb and 151 to 167 open reading frames in various strains, which encodes 150-200 proteins. An effective method of monitoring ASFV antibodies, and specific antibodies against ASFV to promote the development of prevention techniques are urgently needed. In the present study, pK205R of ASFV was successfully expressed in mammalian cells using a suspension culture system. An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on the purified pK205R was established and optimized. The monoclonal antibody (mAb) against pK205R recognized a conservative linear epitope (2VEPREQFFQDLLSAV16) and exhibited specific reactivity, which was conducive to the identification of the recombinant porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) expressing pK205R. The ELISA method efficiently detected clinical ASFV infection and revealed good application prospects in monitoring the antibody level in vivo for recombinant PRRSV live vector virus expressing the ASFV antigen protein. The determination of the conserved linear epitope of pK205R would contribute to further research on the structural biology and function of pK205R. The indirect ELISA method and mAb against ASFV pK205R revealed efficient detection and promising application prospects, making them ideal for epidemiological surveillance and vaccine research on ASF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Sina Qiao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China,College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jiachen Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjun Zhou
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wu Tong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shishan Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Changlong Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifeng Jiang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziqiang Guo
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haihong Zheng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Xiamen Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Xiamen, China
| | - Guangzhi Tong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoxin Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Guoxin Li, ; Fei Gao,
| | - Fei Gao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Guoxin Li, ; Fei Gao,
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18
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Zhou J, Ni Y, Wang D, Fan B, Zhu X, Zhou J, Hu Y, Li L, Li B. Development of a Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Targeting the-p30 Protein for Detection of Antibodies against African Swine Fever Virus. Viruses 2023; 15:154. [PMID: 36680193 PMCID: PMC9861063 DOI: 10.3390/v15010154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious hemorrhagic viral disease of domestic and wild pigs of all breeds and ages, caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV). Due to the absence of a safe and efficacious vaccine, accurate laboratory diagnosis is critical for the control of ASF prevention. The p30 protein is immunogenic and stimulates a high level of antibody response to ASFV infection. We developed a panel of 4 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against p30 protein, and mAb-2B4 showed the highest percent of inhibition (PI) of 70% in the solid phase blocking ELISA (bELISA). Epitope mapping revealed the mAb-2B4 recognized the epitope of aa 12-18 of p30, which is conserved among various ASFV genotypes. Subsequently, a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) was established using HRP-labeled mAb-2B4. The cutoff for discrimination between 98 negative sera and 40 positive sera against ASFV was determined by plotting a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. It yielded the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.998, and a diagnostic specificity of 97.96% and a sensitivity of 97.5% were achieved when the cutoff value was determined at 37.1%. Furthermore, the results showed an excellent repeatability of the established cELISA and no cross-reaction to antisera against six other pig pathogens. Additionally, the cELISA detected a titer of 1:256 in the positive standard serum. Overall, mAb-2B4 showed a conserved epitope and high ability to be inhibited by positive sera in ASFV antibody detection. The cELISA based on HRP-labeled mAb-2B4 offers an alternative to other assays for a broader diagnostic coverage of ASFV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junming Zhou
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yanxiu Ni
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Baochao Fan
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xuejiao Zhu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jinzhu Zhou
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yiyi Hu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China
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19
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Zhang C, Li S, Zhang M, Li Y, Gimenez-Lirola LG, Li B, Li W. Editorial: Diagnostics and detection of African swine fever virus. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1195138. [PMID: 37143493 PMCID: PMC10151936 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1195138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chengjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuai Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengjia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongtao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Yongtao Li
| | - Luis G. Gimenez-Lirola
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Luis G. Gimenez-Lirola
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- Bin Li
| | - Wentao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Wentao Li
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20
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Li L, Qiao S, Li G, Tong W, Dong S, Liu J, Guo Z, Zheng H, Zhao R, Tong G, Zhou Y, Gao F. The Indirect ELISA and Monoclonal Antibody against African Swine Fever Virus p17 Revealed Efficient Detection and Application Prospects. Viruses 2022; 15:50. [PMID: 36680090 PMCID: PMC9865993 DOI: 10.3390/v15010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2018, the outbreak and prevalence of the African swine fever virus (ASFV) in China have caused huge economic losses. Less virulent ASFVs emerged in 2020, which led to difficulties and challenges for early diagnosis and control of African swine fever (ASF) in China. An effective method of monitoring ASFV antibodies and specific antibodies against ASFV to promote the development of prevention techniques are urgently needed. In the present study, ASFV p17 was successfully expressed in CHO cells using a suspension culture system. An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on purified p17 was established and optimized. The monoclonal antibody (mAb) against p17 recognized a conservative linear epitope (3TETSPLLSH11) and exhibited specific reactivity, which was conducive to the identification of recombinant porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) expressing p17. The ELISA method efficiently detected clinical ASFV infection and effectively monitored the antibody levels in vivo after recombinant PRRSV live vector virus expressing p17 vaccination. Overall, the determination of the conserved linear epitope of p17 would contribute to the in-depth exploration of the biological function of the ASFV antigen protein. The indirect ELISA method and mAb against ASFV p17 revealed efficient detection and promising application prospects, making them ideal for epidemiological surveillance and vaccine research on ASF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Sina Qiao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Guoxin Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wu Tong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shishan Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Jiachen Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ziqiang Guo
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Haihong Zheng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Xiamen Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Xiamen 361009, China
| | - Guangzhi Tong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yanjun Zhou
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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21
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Yun T, Hua J, Ye W, Chen L, Ni Z, Zhu Y, Zhang C. Development and Evaluation of a Monoclonal Antibody-Based Blocking Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Detection of Antibodies against Novel Duck Reovirus in Waterfowl Species. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0258122. [PMID: 36445088 PMCID: PMC9769907 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02581-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel duck reovirus (NDRV) is an emerging pathogen that causes disease in various waterfowl species. Since the outbreak, it has caused huge economic losses to the duck industry in China. A rapid, reliable, and high-throughput method is required for epidemiological investigation and evaluation of vaccine immunogenicity. A good first step would be establishing an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that could detect NDRV antibodies in different breeds of ducks and geese from the serum and egg yolk. This study used a recombinant NDRV σB protein and a corresponding horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled monoclonal antibody to develop a blocking ELISA (B-ELISA). The cutoff value of the B-ELISA was 37.01%. A total of 212 serum samples were tested by the B-ELISA, and the virus neutralization test (VNT) was the gold standard test. The sensitivity and specificity of the B-ELISA were 92.17% (106/115) and 97.94% (95/97), respectively. The agreement rates between the B-ELISA and VNT were 94.81% (kappa value, 0.896). The B-ELISA could specifically recognize anti-NDRV sera without cross-reacting with other positive serums for other major diseases in ducks and geese. The inter- and intra-assay coefficients of variation (CVs) of the B-ELISA and VNT assays were acceptable. In conclusion, the novel B-ELISA could be a rapid, simple, safe, and economically attractive alternative to the VNT in assessing duck flocks' immunity status and in epidemiological surveillance in multiple waterfowl species. IMPORTANCE NDRV disease is a new epidemic disease in waterfowl that first appeared in China. Compared with the classical DRV (CDRV), NDRV is associated with more severe symptoms, a higher mortality rate, and a broader host range. NDRV has become the prevalent genotype in China. At present, there are no commercially available diagnostic products for the NDRV disease. VNT, as the gold standard serologic test, is not only time-consuming and laborious, but also has high requirements for facilities and equipment, which is not suitable for clinical application. Conventional ELISA requires specific antispecies conjugates that are not currently available. B-ELISA not only has the advantage of higher analysis specificity, but also can be used to test specific antibodies against different waterfowl species, because no species-specific conjugates are required in such detection. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a B-ELISA for the detection of antibodies against NDRV in waterfowl species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yun
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jionggang Hua
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weicheng Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liu Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinchu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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22
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Indirect ELISA Using Multi-Antigenic Dominants of p30, p54 and p72 Recombinant Proteins to Detect Antibodies against African Swine Fever Virus in Pigs. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122660. [PMID: 36560663 PMCID: PMC9782230 DOI: 10.3390/v14122660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) caused by ASF virus (ASFV) is a fatal disease in pigs and results in great economic losses. Due to the lack of available vaccines and treatments, serological diagnosis of ASF plays a key role in the surveillance program, but due to the lack of knowledge and the complexity of the ASFV genome, the candidate target viral proteins are still being researched. False negativity is still a big obstacle during the diagnostic process. In this study, the high antigenic viral proteins p30, p54 and p72 were screened to find the antigenic dominant domains and the tandem His-p30-54-72 was derived. An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) coated with His-p30-54-72 was developed with a cut-off value of 0.371. A total of 192 clinical samples were detected by His-p30-54-72-coated indirect ELISA (iELISA) and commercial ASFV antibody kits. The results showed that the positive rate of His-p30-54-72-coated iELISA was increased by 4.7% and 14.6% compared with a single viral protein-based commercial ASFV antibody kits. These results provide a platform for future ASFV clinical diagnosis and vaccine immune effect evaluation.
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23
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Preparation of Monoclonal Antibodies against the Viral p54 Protein and a Blocking ELISA for Detection of the Antibody against African Swine Fever Virus. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112335. [PMID: 36366433 PMCID: PMC9694993 DOI: 10.3390/v14112335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes a highly contagious viral disease in domestic and wild pigs, leading to serious economic losses. As there are no vaccines or drugs available, early accurate diagnosis and eradiation of infected animals are the most important measures for ASFV prevention and control. Therefore, improvement of available diagnostic assays and development of novel effective techniques are required. This study is devoted to generating a new detection platform of blocking monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) against ASFV p54 protein. Seven monoclonal antibodies against recombinant p54 protein were produced and four epitopes were identified. Three blocking ELISAs were developed with 6A5 and 6F9 mAbs labeled with HRP, respectively, of which the 6A5/6F9-based blocking ELISA displayed the best detection performance, with an AUC of 0.986, sensitivity of 98.36% and specificity of 92.36% in ROC analysis. Moreover, it has an excellent agreement at 96.59% (198/205) when compared to the commercial blocking ELISA (kappa value = 0.920). The method also has high repeatability, with CV <10%, and no cross reaction with the serum antibodies against PRV, PRRSV, CSFV, PCV2 or SVA. This indicates that the 6A5/6F9-based blocking ELISA has high accuracy with good sensitivity and specificity, suitable for viral detection, field surveillance and epidemiological studies.
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24
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Wang M, Song J, Sun J, Du Y, Qin X, Xia L, Wu Y, Zhang G. Development of an Effective Double Antigen Sandwich ELISA Based on p30 Protein to Detect Antibodies against African Swine Fever Virus. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102170. [PMID: 36298725 PMCID: PMC9609742 DOI: 10.3390/v14102170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF), the highly lethal swine infectious disease caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), is a great threat to the swine industry. There is no effective vaccine or diagnostic method to prevent and control this disease currently. The p30 protein of ASFV is an important target for serological diagnosis, expressed in the early stage of viral replication and has high immunogenicity and sequence conservatism. Here, the CP204L gene was cloned into the expression vector pET-30a (+), and the soluble p30 protein was successfully expressed in the E. coli prokaryotic expression system and then labeled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to be the enzyme-labeled antigen. Using the purified recombinant p30 protein, a double-antigen sandwich ELISA for ASFV antibody detection was developed. This method exhibits excellent specificity, sensitivity and reproducibility in clinical sample detection with lower cost and shorter production cycles. Taken together, this study provides technical support for antibody detection for ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxiang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jinxing Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Junru Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yongkun Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiaodong Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Lu Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yanan Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (G.Z.); Tel.: +86-17837194369 (Y.W.)
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Animal Biological Products, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (G.Z.); Tel.: +86-17837194369 (Y.W.)
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25
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Ding J, Yang J, Jiang D, Zhou Y, Li C, Li Y. Development of a highly sensitive Gaussia luciferase immunoprecipitation assay for the detection of antibodies against African swine fever virus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:988355. [PMID: 36189357 PMCID: PMC9515313 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.988355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, African swine fever (ASF) has caused a devastating blow to the swine industry globally. Since no effective vaccine is available, strict biosafety measures and rapid diagnosis are the most effective strategies for ASF control. ASFV p30 is one of the most antigenic viral proteins that have been widely used in the field for serological diagnosis of ASF infection. In this study, we developed a luciferase immunoprecipitation system (LIPS) assay for the detection of ASFV antibodies in pig serum using Gaussia luciferase (GLuc)-tagged p30 as a diagnostic antigen. The optimal GLuc-p30 input of 107 luminance units (LU) and optimal serum dilution factor of 1/100 were set to achieve the highest P/N ratio. Based on 87 ASFV-positive and negative pig sera, the cutoff value of the S/N ratio could be set between 2.298 and 30.59 to achieve 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Moreover, the diagnostic sensitivity of this LIPS is comparable to that of a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the specificity of LIPS is even superior to the tested ELISA. In conclusion, we have established a LIPS assay for ASFV antibody detection, which could be a potential method for ASFV diagnosis in laboratories and farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jifei Yang
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Daoyuan Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yanyang Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yanhua Li,
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26
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Zhao J, Zhu J, Wang Y, Yang M, Zhang Q, Zhang C, Nan Y, Zhou EM, Sun Y, Zhao Q. A simple nanobody-based competitive ELISA to detect antibodies against African swine fever virus. Virol Sin 2022; 37:922-933. [PMID: 36089216 PMCID: PMC9797394 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) infection is a big threat to the global pig industry. Because there is no effective vaccine, rapid, low-cost, and simple diagnosis methods are necessary to detect the ASFV infection in pig herds. Nanobodies, with advantages of small molecular weight and easy genetic engineering, have been universally used as reagents for developing diagnostic kits. In this study, the recombinant ASFV-p30 was expressed and served as an antigen to immunize the Bactrian camel. Then, seven nanobodies against ASFV-p30 were screened using phage display technique. Subsequently, the seven nanobodies fused horseradish peroxidase (nanobody-HRP) were secretory expressed and one fusion protein ASFV-p30-Nb75-HRP was selected with the highest sensitivity in blocking ELISA. Using the ASFV-p30-Nb75-HRP fusion protein as a probe, a competitive ELISA (cELISA) was developed for detecting anti-ASFV antibodies in pig sera. The cut-off value of cELISA was determined to be 22.7% by testing 360 negative pig sera. The detection limit of the cELISA for positive pig sera was 1:320, and there was no cross-reaction with anti-other swine virus antibodies. The comparative assay showed that the agreement of the cELISA with a commercial ELISA kit was 100%. More importantly, the developed cELISA showed low cost and easy production as a commercial kit candidate. Collectively, a simple nanobody-based cELISA for detecting antibodies against ASFV is developed and it provides a new method for monitoring ASFV infection in the pig herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiakai Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University; Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jiahong Zhu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University; Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University; Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Mengting Yang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University; Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University; Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Kunming Customs Technology Center, Kunming, 650228, China
| | - Yuchen Nan
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University; Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - En-Min Zhou
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University; Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yani Sun
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University; Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China,Corresponding authors.
| | - Qin Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University; Yangling Observing and Experimental Station of National Data Center of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China,Corresponding authors.
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27
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Zhang A, Wu S, Duan X, Zhao H, Dong H, Ren J, Zhang M, Li J, Duan H, Zhang G. K205R specific nanobody-horseradish peroxidase fusions as reagents of competitive ELISA to detect African swine fever virus serum antibodies. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:321. [PMID: 35987654 PMCID: PMC9392344 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03423-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a highly contagious hemorrhagic disease and often lethal, which has significant economic consequences for the swine industry. Due to lacking of commercial vaccine, the prevention and control of ASF largely depend on early large-scale detection and screening. So far, the commercial ELISA kits have a long operation time and are expensive, making it difficult to achieve large-scale clinical applications. Nanobodies are single-domain antibodies produced by camelid animals, and have unique advantages such as smaller molecular weight, easy genetic engineering modification and low-costing of mass production, thus exhibiting good application prospects. Results The present study developed a new method for detection of ASFV specific antibodies using nanobody-horseradish peroxidase (Nb-HRP) fusion proteins as probe. By using camel immunization, phage library construction and phage display technology, five nanobodies against K205R protein were screened. Then, Nb-HRP fusion proteins were produced using genetic modification technology. Based on the Nb-HRP fusion protein as specific antibodies against K205R protein, a new type of cELISA was established to detect ASFV antibodies in pig serum. The cut-off value of the cELISA was 34.8%, and its sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility were good. Furthermore, the developed cELISA exhibited 99.3% agreement rate with the commercial available ELISA kit (kappa value = 0.98). Conclusions The developed cELISA method has the advantages of simple operation, rapid and low-costing, and can be used for monitoring of ASFV infection in pigs, thus providing a new method for the prevention and control of ASF. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03423-0.
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