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Fritzen JTT, Yasumitsu CY, Silva IV, Lorenzetti E, Alfieri AF, Alfieri AA. Respiratory illness in young and adult cattle caused by bovine viral diarrhea virus subgenotype 2b in singular and mixed bacterial infection in a BVDV-vaccinated dairy herd. Braz J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s42770-024-01476-x. [PMID: 39143403 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01476-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a common global health problem in dairy cattle. The definitive diagnosis of BRD is complex because its etiology involves several predisposing and determining factors. This report describes the etiology of a BRD outbreak in a dairy herd in the mesoregion of Central Eastern Paraná, which simultaneously affected young (calves and heifers) and adult (cows) Holstein-Friesian cattle. Nine biological samples, consisting of five lung samples from two cows and three suckling calves, and four nasal swab samples from heifers, were used for etiological diagnosis. The nucleic acids extracted from lung fragments and nasal swabs were subjected to PCR and RT-PCR assays for partial amplification of the genes of five viruses [bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoAHV1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3), and bovine coronavirus (BCoV)] and four bacteria (Mycoplasma bovis, Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Histophilus somni) involved in the etiology of BRD. All nine biological samples from the animals with BRD tested negative for BoAHV1, BRSV, BPIV-3, BCoV, and H. somni. Therefore, the involvement of these microorganisms in the etiology of BRD outbreak can be ruled out. It was possible to identify the presence of BVDV and M. bovis in singular and mixed infections of the lower respiratory tract in cattle. BVDV was also identified in two nasal swabs: one as a single etiological agent and the other in association with two bacteria (P. multocida and M. haemolytica). The phylogenetic analysis conducted in the nucleotide sequence of the 5'UTR region and Npro gene of the BVDV amplicons demonstrated that the BVDV field strains of this BRD outbreak belong to subgenotype 2b. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of BVDV-2b involvement in the etiology of BRD in Brazil. Finally, it is necessary to highlight that the cattle were obtained from an open dairy herd with biannual vaccinations for BVDV-1a and - 2a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Torres Tomazi Fritzen
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Road, PR455 Km 380, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Carolina Yuka Yasumitsu
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Road, PR455 Km 380, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Isabela Vaz Silva
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Road, PR455 Km 380, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Elis Lorenzetti
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Road, PR455 Km 380, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
- Post Graduate Program in Animal Health and Production, Universidade Pitágoras Unopar, Arapongas, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alice Fernandes Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Road, PR455 Km 380, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
- Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Amauri Alcindo Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Road, PR455 Km 380, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil.
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Dairy Production Chain (INCT-LEITE), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.
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Li Z, He Y, Chen J, Ran D, Yue J, Fu Q, Shi H. Transcriptomic Analysis of Metformin's Effect on Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Infection. Vet Sci 2024; 11:376. [PMID: 39195830 PMCID: PMC11358930 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11080376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) causes calf diarrhea, bovine respiratory syndrome, and cow abortion, resulting in substantial economic losses in the cattle industry. Owing to its persistent infection mechanism, BVDV is a major challenge in the treatment of cattle. (2) Methods: To determine how metformin (Met) inhibits the interaction between BVDV and host cells, we treated BVDV-infected cells with Met. We then performed an RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of Met-treated cells infected with BVDV to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Consequently, the RNA-seq results were validated through real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). (3) Results: Our analysis revealed 3169 DEGs in the Met-treated cells (Met group) vs. the negative controls (NC group) and 2510 DEGs in the BVDV-infected cells after pretreatment with Met (MetBVDV group) vs. the BVDV-infected cells (BVDV group). The DEGs were involved in MDBK interactions during BVDV infection, as indicated by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses. The potential interactions of the DEGs were confirmed via a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Met treatment induced autophagy signaling activity and the expression of the autophagy-related genes ATG2A, ATG4B, ATG10, and ATG12 in BVDV-infected Met-pretreated cells. (4) Conclusions: We found that the host transcriptomic profile was affected by BVDV infection and Met pretreatment. These findings offer valuable new insights and provide support for future studies on the inhibition of BVDV replication by Met.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (Z.L.); (Y.H.); (J.C.); (D.R.)
- Xinjiajng Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animals, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Yuanxiu He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (Z.L.); (Y.H.); (J.C.); (D.R.)
- Xinjiajng Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animals, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Junzhen Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (Z.L.); (Y.H.); (J.C.); (D.R.)
- Xinjiajng Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animals, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Duoliang Ran
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (Z.L.); (Y.H.); (J.C.); (D.R.)
- Xinjiajng Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animals, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Jianbo Yue
- Division of Natural and Applied Science, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan 215316, China;
| | - Qiang Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (Z.L.); (Y.H.); (J.C.); (D.R.)
- Xinjiajng Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animals, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Huijun Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (Z.L.); (Y.H.); (J.C.); (D.R.)
- Xinjiajng Key Laboratory of New Drug Study and Creation for Herbivorous Animals, Urumqi 830052, China
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3
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Yin J, Zhang J, Liu Y, Duan C, Wang J. Bergamottin Inhibits Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Replication by Suppressing ROS-Mediated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Apoptosis. Viruses 2024; 16:1287. [PMID: 39205261 PMCID: PMC11360249 DOI: 10.3390/v16081287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is one of the most important etiological agents that causes serious economic losses to the global livestock industry. Vaccines usually provide limited efficacy against BVDV due to the emergence of mutant strains. Therefore, developing novel strategies to combat BVDV infection is urgently needed. Bergamottin (Berg), a natural furanocoumarin compound, possesses various pharmaceutical bioactivities, but its effect on BVDV infection remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the antiviral effect and underlying mechanism of Berg against BVDV infection. The results showed that Berg exhibited an inhibitory effect on BVDV replication in MDBK cells by disrupting the viral replication and release, rather than directly inactivating virus particles. Mechanistically, Berg inhibits BVDV replication by suppressing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis via reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Studies in vivo demonstrated that oral gavage of Berg at doses of 50 mg/kg and 75 mg/kg significantly reduced the viral load within the intestines and spleen in BVDV-challenged mice. Furthermore, histopathological damage and oxidative stress caused by BVDV were also mitigated with Berg treatment. Our data indicated that Berg suppressed BVDV propagation both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting it as a promising antiviral option against BVDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Jialu Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Cong Duan
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiufeng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.)
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Geng Y, Jiang C, Yang H, Xia Q, Xu X, Yang K, Yuan X, Chen J, Chen Y, Chen X, Zhang L, Hu C, Guo A. Construction of an IFNAR1 knockout MDBK cell line using CRISPR/Cas9 and its effect on bovine virus replication. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1404649. [PMID: 39100665 PMCID: PMC11294105 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1404649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The type I interferon (IFN) pathway is important for eukaryotic cells to resist viral infection, as well as an impediment to efficient virus replication. Therefore, this study aims to create an IFNAR1 knockout (KO) Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cell line using CRISPR/Cas9 and investigate its application and potential mechanism in increasing viral replication of bovines. The IFNAR1 KO cells showed increased titers of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) (1.5 log10), with bovine enterovirus and bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (0.5-0.8 log10). RNA-seq revealed reduced expression of the genes related IFN-I pathways including IFNAR1, STAT3, IRF9, and SOCS3 in IFNAR1 KO cells compared with WT cells. In WT cells, 306 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between BVDV-infected and -uninfected cells. Of these, 128 up- and 178 down-regulated genes were mainly associated with growth cycle and biosynthesis, respectively. In IFNAR1 KO cells, 286 DEGs were identified, with 82 up-regulated genes were associated with signaling pathways, and 204 down-regulated genes. Further, 92 DEGs were overlapped between WT and IFNAR1 KO cells including ESM1, IL13RA2, and SLC25A34. Unique DEGs in WT cells were related to inflammation and immune regulation, whereas those unique in IFNAR1 KO cells involved in cell cycle regulation through pathways such as MAPK. Knocking down SLC25A34 and IL13RA2 in IFNAR1 KO cells increased BVDV replication by 0.3 log10 and 0.4 log10, respectively. Additionally, we constructed an IFNAR1/IFNAR2 double-knockout MDBK cell line, which further increased BVDV viral titers compared with IFNAR1 KO cells (0.6 log10). Overall, the IFNAR1 KO MDBK cell line can support better replication of bovine viruses and therefore provides a valuable tool for bovine virus research on viral pathogenesis and host innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanchen Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuanwen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaowen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaihui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinwei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianguo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Wuhan, China
| | - Changmin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Wuhan, China
| | - Aizhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Wuhan, China
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Liu W, Shao J, Huang H, Liu Y, Guo H, Chang H, Wang J, Shandian G. Coding-complete genome sequence of a bovine viral diarrhea virus isolate NX2023 from a calf in China. Microbiol Resour Announc 2024; 13:e0016924. [PMID: 38916301 PMCID: PMC11256839 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00169-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The coding-complete genome sequence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) isolate NX2023 that originated from a calf in China was determined. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the NX2023 strain belongs to the BVDV-1d subgenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Junjun Shao
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Haiyan Huang
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yijia Liu
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Huichen Guo
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Huiyun Chang
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jiandong Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Gao Shandian
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Khan SU, Wuryastuty H, Wibowo MH, Sarmin S, Irianingsih SH. Genetic analyses of the structural protein E2 bovine viral diarrhea virus isolated from dairy cattle in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Vet World 2024; 17:1562-1574. [PMID: 39185050 PMCID: PMC11344113 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.1562-1574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), a highly pathogenic ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus, causes devastating financial losses and reproductive deaths among dairy cattle in Yogyakarta and globally. This study aimed to identify point mutations within the E2 structural protein of the acquired BVD virus (BVDV) isolates using genetic analysis. Materials and Methods The study period shows that we performed the research in 2023. We collected 118 serum samples from 2019 to 2023, among which only 10 BVDV positive were used and 108 were negative lacking the BVDV antigen. An anti-Erns monoclonal antibody-coated protein was used in indirect antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ACE) to detect the BVD antigen present in positive BVDV serum specimens. In the initial step of the two-step reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, the enzyme (superscript III reverse transcriptase) and the primer (random hexamer) were used to convert the RNA of the BVDV into complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) during the process of reverse transcription. The final step involved the amplification of the E2 gene of the resultant BVDV cDNA through gene-specific primers (E2_fwd: 5'-TGGTGGCCTTATGAGAC-3' and P7_rev: 5'-CCCATCATCACTATTTCACC-3') and enzyme (platinum taq DNA polymerase high fidelity). For conducting Sanger sequencing, those 3 BVDV-1-positive isolates (about 2.6% of all isolates) were selected as a typical specimen for each site and year between 2019 and 2023 using a proportional computation. Therefore, only two BVDV isolates with complete genomes were chosen to perform their homological and genetic analysis based on the E2 gene by means of Blast and MEGA Version 11 in addition to the Bioedit 7.2.5 program. Results By applying phylogenetic analysis relying on the E2 gene, a sum of 1011 nucleotides of the BVDV-1 isolates derived from each of the two BVDV-1 Indonesian isolates (n = 2) and its 23 reference BVDV strains were acquired from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. The findings of the genetic analysis inside the phylogenetic tree revealed that the two BVDV Indonesian isolates were clustered into BVDV-1a subgenotype, while the reference BVDV strains were clustered into the five BVDV subgenotype, BVDV-1a (n = 6), BVDV-1b (n = 3), BVDV-1c (n = 11), BVDV-1m (n = 1), and BVDV-1n (n = 2). The branch exists in phylogenetic tree located before the division of our two BVDV isolates was divided into two branches with the same maximum bootstrap values of 99%, indicating a high degree of confidence, was seen. Next, we observed the branch near our study samples, which displayed the bootstrap value of 100, indicating that our 02 isolates were identical. In both isolates, V11 BVDV1/Indonesia/Yogyakarta/2023 and V16 BVDV1/Indonesia/Yogyakarta/2023 with GenBank accession numbers PP836388 and PP836389, respectively, conserved D7E residues were mutated as well as cysteine changed/altered into serine (S) was identified at amino acid position 201. Conclusion We identified two isolates of BVDV belonging to the BVDV-1a subgenotype. Our findings indicate that the conserved D7E residues of isolates V11 BVDV1/Indonesia/Yogyakarta/2023 and V16 BVDV1/Indonesia/Yogyakarta/2023 were altered. The Indonesian BVDV isolates exhibited a cysteine to serine mutation at amino acid position 201, leads to vaccination failure, range of animal's host will increase, and diagnostic kit will not be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. U. Khan
- Doctoral Study Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Hastari Wuryastuty
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - M. H. Wibowo
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sarmin Sarmin
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Wang Y, Pang F. Diagnosis of bovine viral diarrhea virus: an overview of currently available methods. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1370050. [PMID: 38646626 PMCID: PMC11026595 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1370050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is the causative agent of bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), which results in significant economic losses in the global cattle industry. Fortunately, various diagnostic methods available for BVDV have been established. They include etiological methods, such as virus isolation (VI); serological methods, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence assay (IFA), and immunohistochemistry (IHC); molecular methods, such as reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), real-time PCR, digital droplet PCR (ddPCR), loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), and CRISPR-Cas system; and biosensors. This review summarizes the current diagnostic methods for BVDV, discussing their advantages and disadvantages, and proposes future perspectives for the diagnosis of BVDV, with the intention of providing valuable guidance for effective diagnosis and control of BVD disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Feng Pang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Yeşilbağ K, Aytoğu G, Kadiroğlu B, Ateş Ö, Toker EB, Yaşar M. Pathogenicity assessment of a bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1l (BVDV-1l) strain in experimentally infected calves. Vet Microbiol 2024; 289:109945. [PMID: 38154395 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea is a widespread and economically important viral disease for livestock which can cause clinically diverse manifestations. The number of established BVDV subgenotypes has increased, not only the serological relationships of recently described subgenotypes but virulence and pathogenic characteristics have not yet been mostly elaborated. The dominant BVDV subgenotype in Turkiye was elaborated to be BVDV-1l, that involves more than half of field strains and there is no scientific data to identify the pathogenicity of this strain so far. This study investigated the pathogenicity of a selected field strain (TR-72) from subgenotype BVDV-1l. Experimental infection was implemented by intranasal inoculation of the strain TR-72 (10 ×105.5) to four young calves which were previously not vaccinated and were free both for BVDV antibodies and antigens. Clinical changes as well as blood parameters, body temperature, and viremia were monitored for 14 days. Only mild clinical signs associated with respiratory signs of BVDV infection were observed. Detected clinical signs included nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, cough, fatigue, high rectal temperature reaching 40.7 ℃, and white blood cell counts depression started from the 2nd day and 40.4% decreased between the 12th and 14th days post-infection (poi). The presence of viremia was investigated by virus isolation, RT-PCR, and real-time RT-PCR from blood samples. The efficiency of experimental infection was established not only by observed clinical signs but also by virus isolation from blood leukocytes between the 5th and 8th days poi., virus detection was obtained by real-time PCR between the 3rd - 13th days poi. Besides, the recorded mild clinical signs, high fever, long duration of viremia , and high decrease in blood parameters obtained in this study, it was shown that the noncytopathogenic BVDV-1l strain TR-72 has a moderate virulence in naïve cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadir Yeşilbağ
- Department of Virology, Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 16059 Bursa, Turkiye.
| | - Gizem Aytoğu
- Department of Virology, Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 16059 Bursa, Turkiye
| | - Berfin Kadiroğlu
- Department of Virology, Dicle University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 21200 Diyarbakır, Turkiye
| | - Özer Ateş
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03204 Afyonkarahisar, Turkiye
| | - Eda Baldan Toker
- Department of Virology, Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 16059 Bursa, Turkiye
| | - Mevlüt Yaşar
- Department of Virology, Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 16059 Bursa, Turkiye
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Liu X, Cheng Z, Zhang W, Mao L, Pan Z, Yang L, Liu M, Long Y, Bai J, Li W. Development and evaluation of a monoclonal antibody-based blocking ELISA to detect antibodies against the E2 protein of bovine viral diarrhea virus-1. J Virol Methods 2024; 323:114851. [PMID: 37956891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of cattle industry, bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is becoming widespread in China, which causes serious economic losses to the industry. Effective vaccination and viral surveillance are critical for the prevent and control of BVDV infection. In the present study, the immunogenic domain of E2 protein of BVDV-1 was expressed by prokaryotic pET-28a vector. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against E2 protein were prepared and systemically examined by western blot, immunofluorescence assay, blocking ELISA (bELISA) and virus neutralization test (VNT). The mAb 1E2B3, which showed good reactivity and neutralizing activity to BVDV-1 strains, was selected for ELISA establishment. After a series of screening and optimization, a novel bELISA for highly sensitive and specific detection of BVDV-1 antibodies was established, using HRP-labeled 1E2B3 and recombinant E2 protein. ROC analysis of 91 positive and 84 negative reference bovine serum samples yielded the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.9903. A diagnostic specificity of 96.43 % and a sensitivity of 95.6 % were achieved when the cutoff value was set at 24.31 %. There was no cross reaction to the positive sera of classical swine fever virus (CSFV), BVDV-2, border disease virus (BDV), bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV3), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV), foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), Mycoplasma bovis (M.bovis) and Brucella. The total agreement rate of bELISA with VNT was 93.96 % (249/265). In addition, the result of bELISA was positively correlated with neutralizing antibody titer, and the bELISA could well distinguish the serum samples before and after BVDV vaccination. These results indicate that the established bELISA in this study is specific, sensitive, simple and convenient, which provides technical support for the vaccine efficacy evaluation, prevention and control of BVD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhuan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China; GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Zilong Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China; GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China; GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Li Mao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China; GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Zihao Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Leilei Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China; GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Maojun Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China; GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Yunfeng Long
- Animal, Plant and Food Inspection Center, Nanjing Customs, Nanjing 210019, China
| | - Juan Bai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenliang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China; GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou 225300, China.
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10
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Pang F, Long Q, Wei M. Immune evasion strategies of bovine viral diarrhea virus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1282526. [PMID: 37900320 PMCID: PMC10613064 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1282526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a significant pathogen that causes great economic losses in the global livestock industry. During the long-term interactions between BVDV and its hosts, the virus has evolved multiple strategies to evade the host's innate immunity and adaptive immunity, thereby promoting viral survival and replication. This review focuses on the most recent research on immune evasion strategies employed by BVDV, including evading type I IFN signaling pathway, evading host adaptive immunity, mediating NF-κB signaling pathway, mediating cell apoptosis and inducing autophagy. Unraveling BVDV's immune evasion strategies will enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of BVDV and contribute to the development of more effective therapies for the prevention, control and eradication of BVDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Pang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Giangaspero M, Zhang S. Pestivirus A Bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 species genotypes circulating in China and Turkey. Open Vet J 2023; 13:903-931. [PMID: 37614735 PMCID: PMC10443820 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2023.v13.i7.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pestivirus A Bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 (BVDV-1) is a heterogeneous species within the genus, affecting cattle and other ruminants, with economic impact on livestock production. Aim The study aimed to update the taxonomy of the Pestivirus A, BVDV-1 species and to verify the clustering of the strains reported as genotype 1v, originating from different countries. Methods Recently deposited strains from China, Turkey, and Iran have been evaluated by the palindromic nucleotide substitutions (PNS) genotyping method. Results Based on secondary structure analysis of the 5'-UTR sequences, strains reported as 1v from China were clustered as sub genotype 1.7.3 (1o). Genotype 1.19 (1w) was restricted to China and genotype 1.21 (1v) was present only in Turkey and Iran. Conclusion The application of the PNS method clarified the taxonomical status of strains, revealing the homonymy of genetically different clusters. Furthermore, these observations indicated geographic segregation in the Pestivirus A species, and confirmed the occurrence of new atypical genetic variants, with potential implications on control and prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shuquin Zhang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
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