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Sulaiman M, Ebehairy L, Nissapatorn V, Rahmatullah M, Villegas J, Dupa HJ, Verzosa RC, Dolma KG, Shabaz M, Lanting S, Rusdi NA, Abdullah NH, Bin Break MK, Khoo TJ, Wang W, Wiart C. Antibacterial phenolic compounds from the flowering plants of Asia and the Pacific: coming to the light. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2024; 62:713-766. [PMID: 39392281 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2024.2407530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT The emergence of pan-resistant bacteria requires the development of new antibiotics and antibiotic potentiators. OBJECTIVE This review identifies antibacterial phenolic compounds that have been identified in Asian and Pacific Angiosperms from 1945 to 2023 and analyzes their strengths and spectra of activity, distributions, molecular masses, solubilities, modes of action, structures-activities, as well as their synergistic effects with antibiotics, toxicities, and clinical potential. METHODS All data in this review was compiled from Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, and library search; other sources were excluded. We used the following combination of keywords: 'Phenolic compound', 'Plants', and 'Antibacterial'. This produced 736 results. Each result was examined and articles that did not contain information relevant to the topic or coming from non-peer-reviewed journals were excluded. Each of the remaining 467 selected articles was read critically for the information that it contained. RESULTS Out of ∼350 antibacterial phenolic compounds identified, 44 were very strongly active, mainly targeting the cytoplasmic membrane of Gram-positive bacteria, and with a molecular mass between 200 and 400 g/mol. 2-Methoxy-7-methyljuglone, [6]-gingerol, anacardic acid, baicalin, vitexin, and malabaricone A and B have the potential to be developed as antibacterial leads. CONCLUSIONS Angiosperms from Asia and the Pacific provide a rich source of natural products with the potential to be developed as leads for treating bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazdida Sulaiman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Layane Ebehairy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Veeranoot Nissapatorn
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Mohammed Rahmatullah
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jhonnel Villegas
- Faculty of Education and Teacher Training, Davao Oriental State University, Mati, Philippines
| | - Helina Jean Dupa
- Faculty of Education and Teacher Training, Davao Oriental State University, Mati, Philippines
| | - Ricksterlie C Verzosa
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Davao Oriental State University, Mati, Philippines
| | - Karma G Dolma
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim Manipal University, Gangtok, India
| | - Muhamad Shabaz
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Scholastica Lanting
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azizun Rusdi
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Nor Hayati Abdullah
- Natural Product Division, Forest Research Institute of Malaysia, Kepong, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed Khaled Bin Break
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Teng Jin Khoo
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Christophe Wiart
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
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Mogessie H, Legesse M, Hailu AF, Teklehaymanot T, Alemayehu H, Abubeker R, Ashenafi M. Vibrio cholerae O1 and Escherichia coli O157:H7 from drinking water and wastewater in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:219. [PMID: 38902619 PMCID: PMC11188251 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03302-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, open ditches along innner roads in residential areas serve to convey domestic wastewater and rainwater away from residences. Contamination of drinking water by wastewater through faulty distribution lines could expose households to waterborne illnesses. This prompted the study to assess the microbiological safety of wastewater and drinking water in Addis Ababa, identify the pathogens therein, and determine their antibiotic resistance patterns. RESULTS VIBRIO CHOLERAE O1, mainly Hikojima serotype, was isolated from 23 wastewater and 16 drinking water samples. Similarly, 19 wastewater and 10 drinking water samples yielded Escherichia coli O157:H7. V. cholerae O1 were 100% resistant to the penicillins (Amoxacillin and Ampicillin), and 51-82% were resistant to the cephalosporins. About 44% of the V. cholerae O1 isolates in this study were Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) producers. Moreover, 26% were resistant to Meropenem. Peperacillin/Tazobactam was the only effective β-lactam antibiotic against V. cholerae O1. V. cholerae O1 isolates showed 37 different patterns of multiple resistance ranging from a minimum of three to a maximum of ten antimicrobials. Of the E. coli O157:H7 isolates, 71% were ESBL producers. About 96% were resistant to Ampicillin. Amikacin and Gentamicin were very effective against E. coli O157:H7 isolates. The isolates from wastewater and drinking water showed multiple antibiotic resistance against three to eight antibiotic drugs. CONCLUSIONS Open ditches for wastewater conveyance along innner roads in residence areas and underground faulty municipal water distribution lines could be possible sources for V. cholerae O1 and E. coli O157:H7 infections to surrounding households and for dissemination of multiple drug resistance in humans and, potentially, the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helina Mogessie
- Microbiology Research Unit, Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Mengistu Legesse
- Microbiology Research Unit, Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Aklilu Feleke Hailu
- Microbiology Research Unit, Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tilahun Teklehaymanot
- Microbiology Research Unit, Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Haile Alemayehu
- Microbiology Research Unit, Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Rajiha Abubeker
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Bacteriology Directorate, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mogessie Ashenafi
- Center for Food Security Studies, College of Development Studies, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Azam AH, Sato K, Miyanaga K, Nakamura T, Ojima S, Kondo K, Tamura A, Yamashita W, Tanji Y, Kiga K. Selective bacteriophages reduce the emergence of resistant bacteria in bacteriophage-antibiotic combination therapy. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0042723. [PMID: 38695573 PMCID: PMC11237537 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00427-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a globally important foodborne pathogen with implications for food safety. Antibiotic treatment for O157 may potentially contribute to the exacerbation of hemolytic uremic syndrome, and the increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant strains necessitates the development of new treatment strategies. In this study, the bactericidal effects and resistance development of antibiotic and bacteriophage monotherapy were compared with those of combination therapy against O157. Experiments involving continuous exposure of O157 to phages and antibiotics, along with genetic deletion studies, revealed that the deletion of glpT and uhpT significantly increased resistance to fosfomycin. Furthermore, we found that OmpC functions as a receptor for the PP01 phage, which infects O157, and FhuA functions as a receptor for the newly isolated SP15 phage, targeting O157. In the glpT and uhpT deletion mutants, additional deletion in ompC, the receptor for the PP01 phage, increased resistance to fosfomycin. These findings suggest that specific phages may contribute to antibiotic resistance by selecting the emergence of gene mutations responsible for both phage and antibiotic resistance. While combination therapy with phages and antibiotics holds promise for the treatment of bacterial infections, careful consideration of phage selection is necessary.IMPORTANCEThe combination treatment of fosfomycin and bacteriophages against Escherichia coli O157 demonstrated superior bactericidal efficacy compared to monotherapy, effectively suppressing the emergence of resistance. However, mutations selected by phage PP01 led to enhanced resistance not only to the phage but also to fosfomycin. These findings underscore the importance of exercising caution in selecting phages for combination therapy, as resistance selected by specific phages may increase the risk of developing antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aa Haeruman Azam
- Therapeutic Drugs and Vaccine Development Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama-ku, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Sato
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsutacho, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Miyanaga
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsutacho, Yokohama, Japan
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsukeshi, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nakamura
- Therapeutic Drugs and Vaccine Development Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama-ku, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Ojima
- Therapeutic Drugs and Vaccine Development Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama-ku, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Kondo
- Therapeutic Drugs and Vaccine Development Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama-ku, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Azumi Tamura
- Therapeutic Drugs and Vaccine Development Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama-ku, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wakana Yamashita
- Therapeutic Drugs and Vaccine Development Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama-ku, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Tanji
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsutacho, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kotaro Kiga
- Therapeutic Drugs and Vaccine Development Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama-ku, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsukeshi, Tochigi, Japan
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Tegegne H, Filie K, Tolosa T, Debelo M, Ejigu E. Isolation, and Identification of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Recovered from Chicken Meat at Addis Ababa Slaughterhouses. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:851-863. [PMID: 38476767 PMCID: PMC10927593 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s430115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction It is a growing concern that pathogenic bacteria can be found in poultry meat, and an additional problem is the ongoing rise in food-derived bacteria's resistance to antibiotics. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2021 to March 2023. This study aimed to isolate, identify and analyze E. coli in poultry meat collected from slaughterhouses in Addis Ababa. A total of 499 samples were collected from fecal content, carcass, hand and knife swab samples by using purposive and systematic random sampling methods. Results An overall 5.2% Escherichia coli (E. coli O157:H7) prevalence was found in this study. On average, antimicrobial susceptibility tests revealed that the sensitivities of (Escherichia coli) E. coli O157:H7 isolates from carcass swabs, fecal content, manuals, knife swabs and water samples were 62.3%, 52.5%, 53%, 60% and 60%, respectively. Discussion However, few (Escherichia coli) E. coli O157:H7 isolates have developed multidrug resistance to some antibiotics, for an overall rate of 13.8%. Knowledge and attitude assessment of the slaughterhouse workers showed that 44.2% had no wash their hands at all and that 125.6% had washed their hands before slaughter commencement. Conclusion The detection of (Escherichia coli) E. coli O157:H7 isolates from all sample types had a slight prevalence of serious public health concerns. It is important to monitor antibiotic use for both human and animal health in order to make sure that it is safe and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailehizeb Tegegne
- Department of Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Amhara, Ethiopia
| | - Kassahun Filie
- Department of Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Amhara, Ethiopia
| | - Tadele Tolosa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Motuma Debelo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Eyoel Ejigu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia
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Hunduma D, Amenu K, Desta H, Grace D, Agga GE, Kerro Dego O. Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella, and the Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in Dairy Cattle and Camels under Pastoral Production System. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 13:26. [PMID: 38247585 PMCID: PMC10812533 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus are common foodborne pathogens. We determined the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella in feces and milk and the prevalence of S. aureus in milk from dairy cattle and camels in the Borana pastoral community in the Southern Oromia Region of Ethiopia. Paired individual cow composite (pooled from all quarters in equal proportions) milk and fecal samples were collected from cows (n = 154) and camels (n = 158). Samples were cultured on bacterial isolation and identification media. E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella isolates were further tested for susceptibility against nine antimicrobial drugs. Different risk factors associated with hygienic milking practices were recorded and analyzed for their influence on the prevalence of these bacteria in milk and feces. The prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella in feces were 3.9% and 8.4%, respectively, in cows, and 0.6% and 2.5%, respectively, in camels. E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella were detected in the composite milk samples of 2.6% and 3.9% of the cows, respectively, and 0% and 1.3% of the camels, respectively. S. aureus was detected in composite milk samples of 33.4% of the cows and 41.7% of the camels. All E. coli O157:H7 (n = 11) and Salmonella (n = 25) isolates from both animal species and sample types were resistant to at least one antimicrobial drug. Multidrug resistance was observed in 70% (7/10) of the E. coli O157:H7 fecal and milk isolates from cows and 33.3% (2/6) of the Salmonella fecal and milk isolates from camels. The prevalence of these bacteria in feces and milk was not affected by risk factors associated with milking practices. Given the very close contact between herders and their animals and the limited availability of water for hand washing and udder cleaning, these bacteria are most likely present in all niches in the community. Improving community awareness of the need to boil milk before consumption is a realistic public health approach to reducing the risk of these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diriba Hunduma
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Arsi University, Asella P.O. Box 193, Ethiopia;
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu P.O. Box 34, Ethiopia;
| | - Kebede Amenu
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu P.O. Box 34, Ethiopia;
- International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 5689, Ethiopia;
| | - Hiwot Desta
- International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 5689, Ethiopia;
| | - Delia Grace
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi P.O. Box 30709, Kenya;
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Getahun E. Agga
- Food Animal Environmental Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA;
| | - Oudessa Kerro Dego
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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Tarekegn AA, Mitiku BA, Alemu YF. Escherichia coli O157:H7 beef carcass contamination and its antibiotic resistance in Awi Zone, Northwest Ethiopia. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:6140-6150. [PMID: 37823148 PMCID: PMC10563681 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a cause of foodborne disease and global public health issues especially in developing countries like Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was done from January 2022 to July 2022 in Awi Zone to assess the occurrence and antibiograms of E. coli O157:H7. Abattoirs and butcher shops were selected purposively, whereas a systematic random and purposive sampling technique was employed to select study units in abattoirs and butcher shops, respectively. A total of 248 swab samples were collected, isolated, and confirmed using bacteriological culture, biochemical tests, and latex agglutination tests. Escherichia coli O1157:H7 antibiogram tests were performed using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Logistic regression was used to analyze and measure the degree of association between the presumed risk factors and E. coli O157:H7 occurrence. The overall occurrence of E. coli O157:H7 was estimated to be 8.87% and a relative higher (11.29%) occurrence of E. coli O157:H7 was recorded at butcher shops when compared to abattoirs (6.45%). All isolates were susceptible to gentamicin followed by chloramphenicol (81.81%). About 81.81% of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin and 77.23% of isolates developed resistance to two and more than two antibiotics (MDR). In conclusion, E. coli O157:H7 was detected in the study area. Thus, educating abattoir and butcher shop workers, and consumers, on hygienic handling practices and safe consumption of meat could eliminate foodborne infection associated with E. coli O157:H7 occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Birhan Agimas Mitiku
- Department of Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture and Environmental ScienceBahir Dar UniversityBahir DarEthiopia
| | - Yeshwas Ferede Alemu
- Department of Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture and Environmental ScienceBahir Dar UniversityBahir DarEthiopia
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Abebe E, Gugsa G, Ahmed M, Awol N, Tefera Y, Abegaz S, Sisay T. Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance pattern of E. coli O157:H7 isolated from foods of Bovine origin in Dessie and Kombolcha towns, Ethiopia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0010706. [PMID: 36706075 PMCID: PMC9882751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
E. coli are frequently isolated food-borne pathogens from meat, milk, and their products. Moreover, there has been a significant rise in the antimicrobial resistance patterns of E. coli O157:H7 to commonly used antibiotics. A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2019 to July 2021 to estimate prevalence and identify associated factors of E. coli and E. coli O157:H7 and to determine antibiotic resistance pattern of E. coli O157:H7 from foods of bovine origin in Dessie and Kombolcha towns. A total of 384 samples were collected. Systematic and simple random sampling techniques were employed for sampling carcasses and milking cows, respectively. E. coli and E. coli O157:H7 were detected according to recommended bacteriological protocols. E. coli O157:H7 strains were evaluated for in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility using agar disk diffusion method. Both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were applied to analyze the data. Overall prevalence rates of E. coli and E. coli O157:H7 were 54.7% and 6.5%, respectively. Highest prevalence rates of E. coli (79.6%) and E. coli O157:H7 (16.7%) were obtained from carcass swabs and milk tank samples, respectively. Unlike E. coli O157:H7, a statistically significant difference in the E. coli prevalence (P<0.05) was observed among the different sample types. Multidrug resistance was observed among all isolates of E. coli O157:H7. All E. coli O157:H7 isolates (100.0%) were susceptible to Ampicillin, Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and Norfloxacin. On the contrary, all of the isolates (100%) were resistant to Penicillin G, Vancomycin, and Oxacillin. The current study indicated that different foods of bovine origin in the study area were unsafe for human consumption. Hence, good hygienic production methods should be employed to ensure the safety of foods of bovine origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engidaw Abebe
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Getachew Gugsa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Meselu Ahmed
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Nesibu Awol
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Yalew Tefera
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Shimelis Abegaz
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Sisay
- Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Mesele F, Leta S, Amenu K, Abunna F. Occurrence of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 in lactating cows and dairy farm environment and the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern at Adami Tulu Jido Kombolcha District, Ethiopia. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:6. [PMID: 36627664 PMCID: PMC9832739 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03565-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food-borne pathogens are the foremost causes of food-borne human illness in the world. Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7) is one of the major food-borne pathogenic bacteria around the world. Though evidence is lacking; especially in developing countries like Ethiopia, the potential health impact of E. coli O157:H7 can be high where food production, handling and consumption is often taking place under unhygienic conditions. In Ethiopia, studies reported E. coli and E. coli O157: H7 from food of animal origin, mainly meat and milk, and also animal surfaces and feces. The objective of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of E. coli O157:H7 in raw milk and the dairy production farm environment and further assess the antimicrobial resistance pattern of the bacterium. METHODS Samples of milk from individual lactating cows' and dairy farm environmental samples (feces, water and manure) were collected at Adami Tulu Jido Kombolcha district (ATJKD) and analyzed for the presence of E. coli O157:H7. Standard microbiological techniques including culture, biochemical testing and serological test were performed to isolate and identify the bacterium. The bacterial isolates were evaluated for antimicrobial susceptibility patterns using disk diffusion method. A questionnaire was used to collect possible factors affecting E. coli O157:H7 occurrence. RESULTS The overall prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 was 4.7% (19/408) (95% CI: 2.6; 6.7). Out of 19 E. coli O157:H7 isolates, 4/50, 7/154, 2/50, and 6/154 were from water, milk, manure, and feces samples, respectively. From potential risk factors considered in this study area, floor type, cleaning of pens, milking location and hand washing during the time of milking were significantly associated with the occurrence of E. coli O157:H7. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern indicated varying degrees of resistance. All of the isolates were found to be resistant ampicillin, cephalothin, and rifampin, and 100% susceptibility was observed against the drugs: chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, kanamycin, and tetracycline. Concerning streptomycin, 63.15% of the isolates were susceptible and 36.8% showed intermediate susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS The occurrence of multi-drug resistance E. coli O157:H7 observed both in lactating cows and in dairy farm environments can sustain a continuous transmission of the bacteria. The occurrence of multidrug-resistant E. coli o157:H7could hamper the control and prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frehiwot Mesele
- Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 35, Ziway, Ethiopia
- Addis Ababa University, Collage of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, P.O.Box 34, Bishoftu, Oromia Ethiopia
| | - Samson Leta
- Addis Ababa University, Collage of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, P.O.Box 34, Bishoftu, Oromia Ethiopia
| | - Kebede Amenu
- Addis Ababa University, Collage of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, P.O.Box 34, Bishoftu, Oromia Ethiopia
| | - Fufa Abunna
- Addis Ababa University, Collage of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, P.O.Box 34, Bishoftu, Oromia Ethiopia
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Songsri J, Mala W, Wisessombat S, Siritham K, Cheha S, Noisa N, Wongtawan T, Klangbud WK. First isolation of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 from sports animals in Southern Thailand. Vet World 2022; 15:2275-2284. [PMID: 36341074 PMCID: PMC9631374 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.2275-2284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Escherichia coli O157:H7 is enterohemorrhagic E. coli, which produces verocytotoxin or Shiga toxin. It is a well-known cause of severe diseases in humans worldwide. Cattle and other ruminants are the main reservoirs of this organism. Sports animals, such as fighting bulls, riding horses, and fighting cocks, are economic animals in Southern Thailand. This study aimed to identify E. coli O157:H7 from the rectal swabs of these sports animals and determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of isolated bacteria. Materials and Methods: The rectal swabs were collected from 34 fighting bulls, 32 riding horses, and 31 fighting cocks. The swabs were cultured on MacConkey (MAC) Agar; the suspected colonies were then identified by VITEK® 2 GN card, and the antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by VITEK® 2 AST N194 in VITEK® 2 Compact automation. Escherichia coli O157:H7 was confirmed by culturing on sorbitol MAC agar, the ability to grow at 44°C, and the presence of H7 antigen. In addition, the eaeA (E. coli attaching and effacing), along with stx1 and stx2 (Shiga cytotoxins) genes, were determined using polymerase chain reaction. Finally, the cytotoxicity of Shiga toxin was confirmed using the Vero cytotoxicity test. Results: Fifty-five suspected isolates (56.70%), which were collected from 19 fighting bulls (55.88%), 13 riding horses (40.63%), and 23 fighting cocks (71.13%), were identified as E. coli. However, one sample (Bull H9/1) from fighting bulls had an equal confidence level (50%) for E. coli and E. coli O157. The confirmation of this isolate demonstrated that it was sorbitol non-fermenter, could assimilate L-lactate, was unable to grow well at 44°C, and reacted with anti-serum to H7 antigen. In addition, it was positive with stx2 and eaeA genes, and the toxin affected Vero cells by a dose-dependent response. The antimicrobial susceptibility test revealed that five out of 55 (9.09%) E. coli isolates were resistant to antimicrobial agents. All five isolates (21.74%) were collected from fighting cocks. Escherichia coli Cock H4/3 was only one of the five isolates resistant to three antimicrobial agents (ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole). Fortunately, it was not multidrug-resistant bacteria. Conclusion: This is the first report on detection of E. coli O157:H7 in fighting bulls and antibiotic-resistant characteristic of E. coli in fighting cocks in Southern Thailand. This research is beneficial in preventing the dissemination of E. coli O157:H7 or antimicrobial agent-resistant E. coli in sports animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirarat Songsri
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160 Thailand; Center of Excellence Research for Melioidosis and Microorganisms, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160 Thailand
| | - Wanida Mala
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160 Thailand; Center of Excellence Research for Melioidosis and Microorganisms, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160 Thailand
| | - Sueptrakool Wisessombat
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160 Thailand; Center of Excellence Research for Melioidosis and Microorganisms, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160 Thailand
| | - Kesinee Siritham
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160 Thailand
| | - Sahida Cheha
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160 Thailand
| | - Nattita Noisa
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160 Thailand
| | - Tuempong Wongtawan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine , Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160 Thailand
| | - Wiyada Kwanhian Klangbud
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160 Thailand; Center of Excellence Research for Melioidosis and Microorganisms, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160 Thailand
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