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Oke OE, Akosile OA, Oni AI, Opowoye IO, Ishola CA, Adebiyi JO, Odeyemi AJ, Adjei-Mensah B, Uyanga VA, Abioja MO. Oxidative stress in poultry production. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104003. [PMID: 39084145 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is a major concern that impacts the overall health of chickens in modern production systems. It is characterized by an imbalance between antioxidant defence mechanisms and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This literature review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of oxidative stress in poultry production, with an emphasis on its effects on growth performance, immune responses, and reproductive outcomes. This review highlights the intricate mechanisms underlying OS and discusses how various factors, including dietary components, genetic predispositions, and environmental stressors can exacerbate the production of ROS. Additionally, the impact of oxidative stress on the production performance and physiological systems of poultry is examined. The study also emphasizes the relationship between oxidative stress and poultry diseases, highlighting how impaired antioxidant defenses increase bird's susceptibility to infections. The review assesses the existing approaches to reducing oxidative stress in chickens in response to these challenges. This includes managing techniques to lower stress in the production environment, antioxidant supplements, and nutritional interventions. The effectiveness of naturally occurring antioxidants, including plant extracts, minerals, and vitamins to improve poultry resistance to oxidative damage is also examined. To improve the antioxidant defenses of poultry under stress conditions, the activation of cellular homeostatic networks termed vitagenes, such as Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) is necessary for the synthesis of protective factors that can counteract the increased production of ROS and RNS. Future studies into novel strategies for managing oxidative stress in chicken production would build on these research advances and the knowledge gaps identified in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- O E Oke
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Centre of Excellence in Avian Sciences, Université of Lomé, Lomé, Togo.
| | - O A Akosile
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - A I Oni
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - I O Opowoye
- Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - C A Ishola
- Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - J O Adebiyi
- Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - A J Odeyemi
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - B Adjei-Mensah
- Centre of Excellence in Avian Sciences, Université of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - V A Uyanga
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - M O Abioja
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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Mahasneh ZMH, Abuajamieh M, Abdelqader A, Al-Qaisi M, Abedal-Majed MA, Al-Tamimi H, Zakaria H, Al-Fataftah ARA. The effects of Artemisia Sieberi, Achillea Fragrantissima, and Olea Europaea leaves on the performance and physiological parameters in heat-stressed broiler chickens. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1410580. [PMID: 38952804 PMCID: PMC11215149 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1410580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
High temperatures have detrimental effects on the performance and physiology of broiler chickens. Medicinal plants have various biological activities and may enhance the heat resistance of chickens during heat waves. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the potential roles of using specific local medicinal plants to alleviate the negative impacts of heat stress (HS) in broilers. In this study, 180 day-old chicks were used to investigate the effects of HS and dietary indigenous medicinal plants on growth performance, antioxidant biomarkers, and intestinal health. The chicks were assigned to six groups (18 pens with 10 chicks per pen) with three replicates each. In the first group, the chicks were kept under thermoneutral conditions (CON) and fed a basal diet. The other five groups were exposed to recurrent heat stress and fed a basal diet (T1, HS group) or supplemented with Artemisia Sieberi (1.25 g/kg of feed; T2), Achillea Fragrantissima (15 g/kg of feed; T3), Olea europaea (10 g/kg of feed; T4), and all the previous additives (all-in-one) combined at the same dose levels mentioned above (T5). At 21 days of age, the chicks from each group were exposed to two phases of heat stress: phase 1 from days 21 to 34 (34 ± 1°C) followed by phase 2 from days 35 to 39 (37 ± 1°C). The results indicate that HS significantly increased rectal temperature and respiration rate in broiler chickens. Feed intake and body weight gain were improved in all supplemented groups, while the feed conversion ratio was decreased in response to the dietary inclusion of medicinal plants. Additionally, glutathione peroxidase and immunoglobulin G levels were increased in the T3, T4, and T5 groups compared to the other groups. HS induced significant upregulated in the mRNA levels of heat shock protein 70 and interleukin-8, while the mRNA of occludin was decreased. The T3, T4, and T5 showed significantly decreased expression of hepatic HSP70 and ileum IL-8 genes and increased ileum mRNA occludin levels relative to the CON and T1 groups. In conclusion, supplementation with these plants enhances growth performance and maintains intestinal health sustaining the productivity of broiler chickens under HS conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab M. H. Mahasneh
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohannad Abuajamieh
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Anas Abdelqader
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohmmad Al-Qaisi
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohamed A. Abedal-Majed
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hosam Al-Tamimi
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Hana Zakaria
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Hemanth M, Venugopal S, Devaraj C, Shashank CG, Ponnuvel P, Mandal PK, Sejian V. Comparative assessment of growth performance, heat resistance and carcass traits in four poultry genotypes reared in hot-humid tropical environment. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024. [PMID: 38825837 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of heat stress on growth and carcass traits in four poultry genotypes-Giriraja, Country chicken, Naked Neck and Kadaknath reared in a hot and humid tropical environment. Birds from all genotypes had ad libitum access to feed and water while being challenged with consistently high environmental temperatures in the experimental shed. Daily diurnal meteorological data were recorded inside and outside the shed. The study specifically examined growth variables and carcass characteristics. Significant differences (p < 0.01) were observed in body weight and average daily gain at various intervals. Notably, feed intake showed significant differences (p < 0.01) across weeks, indicating interactions between genotypes and time intervals. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) varied significantly (p < 0.01), with the highest FCR recorded in the Kadaknath breed. Livability percentages were similar across groups, except for Giriraja, which had significantly lower livability (p < 0.01). Carcass traits, including dressing, wings, feathers and giblet percentages, showed significant differences among genotypes (p < 0.01). Hepatic mRNA expression of growth-related genes revealed numerical variations, with Naked Neck displaying the highest (p < 0.05) fold change in IGF-1 expression compared to other genotypes. The study recognized in the Naked Neck genotype to possess higher resilience in maintaining homoeostasis and uncompromised growth under heat stress, providing valuable insights for sustainable poultry farming in challenging environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hemanth
- Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Kurumbapet, Puducherry, India
| | - S Venugopal
- Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Kurumbapet, Puducherry, India
| | - C Devaraj
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Audugodi, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - C G Shashank
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Audugodi, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - P Ponnuvel
- Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Kurumbapet, Puducherry, India
| | - P K Mandal
- Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Kurumbapet, Puducherry, India
| | - V Sejian
- Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Kurumbapet, Puducherry, India
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Audugodi, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Gouda A, Al-Khalaifah H, Al-Nasser A, Kamel NN, Gabr S, Eid KMA. Early Feeding Strategy Mitigates Major Physiological Dynamics Altered by Heat Stress in Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1485. [PMID: 38791702 PMCID: PMC11117284 DOI: 10.3390/ani14101485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Heat stress is one of the stressors that negatively affect broiler chickens, leading to a reduction in production efficiency and profitability. This reduction affects the economy in general, especially in hot and semi-hot countries. Therefore, improving heat tolerance of broiler chicks is a key to sustained peak performance, especially under adverse environmental heat stress conditions. The present study investigated three early feed withdrawal regimes (FWD) as a potential mitigation for thermal stress exposure. A total of 240 unsexed one-day-old Cobb-500 chicks were randomly recruited to one of four experimental groups using a completely randomized design (10 birds × 6 replicates). The experimental groups included the control group with no feed withdrawal (control), while the other three groups were subjected to early feed withdrawal for either 24 h on the 5th day of age (FWD-24), 12 h on the 3rd and 5th day of age (FWD-12), or 8 h on the 3rd, 4th, and 5th day of age (FWD-8), respectively. Production performance was monitored throughout the experiment. Meanwhile, blood and liver samples were taken at the end of the experimental period to evaluate major physiological dynamic changes. Our findings demonstrated that under chronic heat stress conditions, FWD treatments significantly improved broilers' production performance and enhanced several physiological parameters compared with the control. Serum levels of thyroid hormones were elevated, whereas leptin hormone was decreased in FWD groups compared with the control. Moreover, serum total protein, globulin, and hemoglobin levels were higher, while total cholesterol and uric acid were lower in the FWD groups. Furthermore, FWD groups showed significantly higher antioxidant marker activity with a significantly lower lipid peroxidation level. Immunoglobulin levels, lysozyme, complement factor C3, and liver heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) concentration were also elevated in FWD compared with the control. Also, serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) significantly increased with FWD. Based on our findings, early feed withdrawal can be applied as a promising non-invasive nutritional strategy for broilers reared under chronic heat stress conditions. Such a strategy promotes the alleviation of the deleterious effects of heat stress on broiler performance, immunity, and redox status, owing to the onset of physiological adaptation and the development of thermotolerance ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Gouda
- Department of Animal Production, National Research Center, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza P.O. Box 12622, Egypt
| | - Hanan Al-Khalaifah
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR), P.O. Box 24885, Safat, Kuwait City 13109, Kuwait; (H.A.-K.); (A.A.-N.)
| | - Afaf Al-Nasser
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR), P.O. Box 24885, Safat, Kuwait City 13109, Kuwait; (H.A.-K.); (A.A.-N.)
| | - Nancy N. Kamel
- Department of Animal Production, National Research Center, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza P.O. Box 12622, Egypt
| | - Sherin Gabr
- Department of Poultry Breeding Research, Animal Production Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza P.O. Box 12611, Egypt; (S.G.); (K.M.A.E.)
| | - Kamal M. A. Eid
- Department of Poultry Breeding Research, Animal Production Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza P.O. Box 12611, Egypt; (S.G.); (K.M.A.E.)
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Wu X, Du X, Pian H, Yu D. Effect of Curcumin on Hepatic mRNA and lncRNA Co-Expression in Heat-Stressed Laying Hens. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5393. [PMID: 38791430 PMCID: PMC11121607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Heat stress is an important factor affecting poultry production; birds have a range of inflammatory reactions under high-temperature environments. Curcumin has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effect of dietary curcumin supplementation on the liver transcriptome of laying hens under heat stress conditions. In the animal experiment, a total of 240 Hy-Line brown hens aged 280 days were divided randomly into four different experimental diets with four replicates, and each replicate consisted of 15 hens during a 42-D experiment. The ambient temperature was adjusted to 34 ± 2 °C for 8 h per day, transiting to a range of 22 °C to 28 °C for the remaining 16 h. In the previous study of our lab, it was found that supplemental 150 mg/kg curcumin can improve production performance, antioxidant enzyme activity, and immune function in laying hens under heat stress. To further investigate the regulatory mechanism of curcumin on heat stress-related genes, in total, six samples of three liver tissues from each of 0 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg curcumin test groups were collected for RNA-seq analysis. In the transcriptome analysis, we reported for the first time that the genes related to heat stress of mRNA, such as HSPA8, HSPH1, HSPA2, and DNAJA4, were co-expressed with lncRNA such as XLOC010450, XLOC037987, XLOC053511, XLOC061207, and XLOC100318, and all of these genes are shown to be down-regulated. These findings provide a scientific basis for the possible benefits of dietary curcumin addition in heat-stressed laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Wu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (X.W.); (H.P.)
| | - Xubin Du
- Single Molecule Nanometry Laboratory (Sinmolab), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Huifang Pian
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (X.W.); (H.P.)
| | - Debing Yu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (X.W.); (H.P.)
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Mangan M, Siwek M. Strategies to combat heat stress in poultry production-A review. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:576-595. [PMID: 38152002 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The effects of heat stress (HS) caused by high temperatures continue to be a global concern in poultry production. Poultry birds are homoeothermic, however, modern-day chickens are highly susceptible to HS due to their inefficiency in dissipating heat from their body due to the lack of sweat glands. During HS, the heat load is higher than the chickens' ability to regulate it. This can disturb normal physiological functioning, affect metabolism and cause behavioural changes, respiratory alkalosis and immune dysregulation in birds. These adverse effects cause gut dysbiosis and, therefore, reduce nutrient absorption and energy metabolism. This consequently reduces production performances and causes economic losses. Several strategies have been explored to combat the effects of HS. These include environmentally controlled houses, provision of clean cold water, low stocking density, supplementation of appropriate feed additives, dual and restricted feeding regimes, early heat conditioning and genetic selection of poultry lines to produce heat-resistant birds. Despite all these efforts, HS still remains a challenge in the poultry sector. Therefore, there is a need to explore effective strategies to address this long-lasting problem. The most recent strategy to ameliorate HS in poultry is early perinatal programming using the in ovo technology. Such an approach seems particularly justified in broilers because chick embryo development (21 days) equals half of the chickens' posthatch lifespan (42 days). As such, this strategy is expected to be more efficient and cost-effective to mitigate the effects of HS on poultry and improve the performance and health of birds. Therefore, this review discusses the impact of HS on poultry, the advantages and limitations of the different strategies. Finally recommend a promising strategy that could be efficient in ameliorating the adverse effects of HS in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modou Mangan
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Maria Siwek
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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