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Hasan AKMM, Hamed M, Hasan J, Martyniuk CJ, Niyogi S, Chivers DP. A review of the neurobehavioural, physiological, and reproductive toxicity of microplastics in fishes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 282:116712. [PMID: 39002376 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have emerged as widespread environmental pollutants, causing significant threats to aquatic ecosystems and organisms. This review examines the toxic effects of MPs on fishes, with a focus on neurobehavioural, physiological, and reproductive impacts, as well as the underlying mechanisms of toxicity. Evidence indicates that MPs induce a range of neurobehavioural abnormalities in fishes, affecting social interactions and cognitive functions. Altered neurotransmitter levels are identified as a key mechanism driving behavioural alterations following MP exposure. Physiological abnormalities in fishes exposed to MPs are also reported, including neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and oxidative stress. These physiological disruptions can compromise the individual health of aquatic organisms. Furthermore, reproductive abnormalities linked to MP exposure are discussed, with a particular emphasis on disruptions in endocrine signaling pathways. These disruptions can impair reproductive success in fish species, impacting population numbers. Here we explore the critical role of endocrine disruptions in mediating reproductive effects after exposure to MPs, focusing primarily on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Our review highlights the urgent need for interdisciplinary research efforts aimed at elucidating the full extent of MP toxicity and its implications for aquatic ecosystems. Lastly, we identify knowledge gaps for future research, including investigations into the transgenerational impacts, if any, of MP exposure and quantifying synergetic/antagonistic effects of MPs with other environmental pollutants. This expanded knowledge regarding the potential risks of MPs to aquatic wildlife is expected to aid policymakers in developing mitigation strategies to protect aquatic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K M Munzurul Hasan
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon SK, S7N 5E2, Canada.
| | - Mohamed Hamed
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Jabed Hasan
- Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Som Niyogi
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon SK, S7N 5E2, Canada; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Douglas P Chivers
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon SK, S7N 5E2, Canada
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Okeke ES, Nwankwo CE, Ezeorba TPC, Iloh VC, Enochoghene AE. Occurrence and ecotoxicological impacts of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in electronic waste (e-waste) in Africa: Options for sustainable and eco-friendly management strategies. Toxicology 2024; 506:153848. [PMID: 38825032 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are persistent contaminants used as flame retardants in electronic products. PBDEs are contaminants of concern due to leaching and recalcitrance conferred by the stable and hydrophobic bromide residues. The near absence of legislatures and conscious initiatives to tackle the challenges of PBDEs in Africa has allowed for the indiscriminate use and consequent environmental degradation. Presently, the incidence, ecotoxicity, and remediation of PBDEs in Africa are poorly elucidated. Here, we present a position on the level of contamination, ecotoxicity, and management strategies for PBDEs with regard to Africa. Our review shows that Africa is inundated with PBDEs from the proliferation of e-waste due to factors like the increasing growth in the IT sector worsened by the procurement of second-hand gadgets. An evaluation of the fate of PBDEs in the African environment reveals that the environment is adequately contaminated, although reported in only a few countries like Nigeria and Ghana. Ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and Soxhlet extraction coupled with specific chromatographic techniques are used in the detection and quantification of PBDEs. Enormous exposure pathways in humans were highlighted with health implications. In terms of the removal of PBDEs, we found a gap in efforts in this direction, as not much success has been reported in Africa. However, we outline eco-friendly methods used elsewhere, including microbial degradation, zerovalent iron, supercritical fluid, and reduce, reuse, recycle, and recovery methods. The need for Africa to make and implement legislatures against PBDEs holds the key to reduced effect on the continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Sunday Okeke
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria; Natural Science Unit, School of General Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria; College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Deanery of Molecular, Genetic and Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - Chidiebele Emmanuel Nwankwo
- Natural Science Unit, School of General Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences & Natural Science Unit, School of General Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Timothy Prince Chidike Ezeorba
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria; Department of Environmental Health and Risk Management, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Veronica Chisom Iloh
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria
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Li B, Mao R, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Song J, Li N, Tang B, Feng J, Guan M. The competition of heavy metals between hyporheic sediments and microplastics of driving factors in the Beiluo River Basin. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 473:134538. [PMID: 38761759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Both sediments and microplastics (MPs) are medias of heavy metals (HMs) in river ecosystems. This study investigated HMs (Mn, Cr, V, As, Cu, Co, Cd, Pb, and Ni) concentration and driving factors for competitive enrichment between hyporheic sediments versus MPs. The medias basic characteristics indicated that the sediments were mostly sand and rich in Fe2O3; three polymer types were identified, with blue, fragment, less than 500 µm being the main types of MPs. The results have shown that the average content of extracted HMs in MPs was much higher than that of the same metals accumulated in sediments. HMs in sediments and MPs reached heavily polluted at some points, among which As and Cd were ecological risks. Electrostatic adsorption and surface complexation, and biofilm-mediated and organic matter complexation were the interaction mechanism of HMs with sediments and MPs. Further, the driving factors affecting the distribution of HMs in the two carriers were analyzed by multivariate statistical analysis. The results demonstrated that carrier characteristics, hydrochemical factors, and the inherent metal load of MPs were the main causes of the high HMs content. These findings improved our understanding of HMs fate and environmental risks across multiple medias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Ruichen Mao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Zeyu Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Jinxi Song
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China; Yellow River Institute of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China.
| | - Nan Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Bin Tang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Jiayuan Feng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Mingchang Guan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
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Hamed M, Kotob MH, Abou Khalil NS, Anwari EA, El Gazzar WB, Idriss SKA, Fakhry ME, Farag AA, Sabra MS, Salaah SM, Abdel-Zaher S, Yehia Saad FA, Naguib M, Lee JS, Sayed AEDH. Hyaluronic acid impacts hematological endpoints and spleen histological features in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:294. [PMID: 38970005 PMCID: PMC11225171 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04113-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Since its identification in the vitreous humour of the eye and laboratory biosynthesis, hyaluronic acid (HA) has been a vital component in several pharmaceutical, nutritional, medicinal, and cosmetic uses. However, little is known about its potential toxicological impacts on aquatic inhabitants. Herein, we investigated the hematological response of Clarias gariepinus to nominal doses of HA. To achieve this objective, 72 adult fish were randomly and evenly distributed into four groups: control, low-dose (0.5 mg/l HA), medium-dose (10 mg/l HA), and high-dose (100 mg/l HA) groups for two weeks each during both the exposure and recovery periods. The findings confirmed presence of anemia, neutrophilia, leucopoenia, lymphopenia, and eosinophilia at the end of exposure to HA. In addition, poikilocytosis and a variety of cytomorphological disturbances were observed. Dose-dependent histological alterations in spleen morphology were observed in the exposed groups. After HA removal from the aquarium for 2 weeks, the groups exposed to the two highest doses still exhibited a notable decline in red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and an increase in mean corpuscular volume. Additionally, there was a significant rise in neutrophils, eosinophils, cell alterations, and nuclear abnormalities percentages, along with a decrease in monocytes, coupled with a dose-dependent decrease in lymphocytes. Furthermore, only the highest dose of HA in the recovered groups continued to cause a significant increase in white blood cells. White blood cells remained lower, and the proportion of apoptotic RBCs remained higher in the high-dose group. The persistence of most of the haematological and histological disorders even after recovery period indicates a failure of physiological compensatory mechanisms to overcome the HA-associated problems or insufficient duration of recovery. Thus, these findings encourage the inclusion of this new hazardous agent in the biomonitoring program and provide a specific pattern of hematological profile in HA-challenged fish. Further experiments are highly warranted to explore other toxicological hazards of HA using dose/time window protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hamed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Assiut, 71524, Egypt
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Mohamed H Kotob
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Nasser S Abou Khalil
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University, Assuit, Egypt
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Esraa A Anwari
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Walaa Bayoumie El Gazzar
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, the Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan
- 9Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha City, 13518, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa K A Idriss
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Michel E Fakhry
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and molecular biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Amina A Farag
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha City, 13518, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud S Sabra
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Sally M Salaah
- Fresh Water Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Souzan Abdel-Zaher
- Department of Molecular Biology, Molecular Biology Research & Studies Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Fatma Alzahraa Yehia Saad
- Department of Biotechnology, Molecular Biology Research & Studies Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Mervat Naguib
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Alaa El-Din H Sayed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Molecular Biology Research & Studies Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt.
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Hamed M, Said REM, Martyniuk CJ, Soliman HAM, Sayed AEDH, Osman AGM. Reproductive and endocrine-disrupting toxicity of pyrogallol in catfish (Clariasgariepinus). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 352:124104. [PMID: 38703978 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors are synthetic or natural chemicals that can agonize/antagonize hormone receptors or can interfere with the production and secretion of hormones, leading to altered tissue histology and physiology. Pyrogallol is a contaminant widely distributed in aquatic environments that presents health risks to both humans and animals. However, the potential for endocrine disruption by pyrogallol, particularly in fish, are lacking. The purpose of this study was to shed light on how pyrogallol may affect hormone signalling, histopathology, and reproductive outcomes in African catfish Clarias gariepinus. To investigate this, African catfish were exposed to one sublethal concentration of pyrogallol at either 0, 1, 5 or 10 mg/L for 15 days. We then assessed the effects of pyrogallol on the thyroid gland as well as the reproductive system by measuring sex hormone, seminal quality, gonadal histopathology, and histochemistry. Thyroid stimulating hormone and thyroxine showed notable decreases in catfish, and triiodothyronine was decreased with 10 mg/L pyrogallol. Unlike luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone was significantly reduced in fish following exposure to pyrogallol relative to controls. Testosterone was also decreased in fish following pyrogallol exposure, whereas 17β-estradiol increased in catfish exposed to pyrogallol. Additionally, in response to pyrogallol toxicity, sperm quality indices, including count, spermatocrit, motility, and sperm viability were adversely affected in a concentration-dependent manner. Pyrogallol exposure also induced several changes in the gonad following exposure to 1, 5, or 10 mg/L. Deformed tubular structures, vacuolation, thickening of the basement membrane, hypertrophy of the seminiferous tubules, intense melanomacrophage localization, spermatozoa loss, and necrosis were all observed in the testes. In the ovary, atretic follicles, deteriorated mature oocytes, degenerated yolk globules, and an increase in perinucleolar oocytes were observed in catfish exposed to pyrogallol. These findings suggest that pyrogallol may act as endocrine disrupting substance in aquatic environments. Further research on the mechanisms by which pyrogallol impairs endocrine systems, particularly in fish, is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hamed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Assiut, 71524, Egypt; Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Rashad E M Said
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Hamdy A M Soliman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 8562, Egypt
| | - Alaa El-Din H Sayed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt; Molecular Biology Research & Studies Institute, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Alaa G M Osman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Assiut, 71524, Egypt
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Li H, Liu H, Bi L, Liu Y, Jin L, Peng R. Immunotoxicity of microplastics in fish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 150:109619. [PMID: 38735599 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Plastic waste degrades slowly in aquatic environments, transforming into microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs), which are subsequently ingested by fish and other aquatic organisms, causing both physical blockages and chemical toxicity. The fish immune system serves as a crucial defense against viruses and pollutants present in water. It is imperative to comprehend the detrimental effects of MPs on the fish immune system and conduct further research on immunological assessments. In this paper, the immune response and immunotoxicity of MPs and its combination with environmental pollutants on fish were reviewed. MPs not only inflict physical harm on the natural defense barriers like fish gills and vital immune organs such as the liver and intestinal tract but also penetrate cells, disrupting intracellular signaling pathways, altering the levels of immune cytokines and gene expression, perturbing immune homeostasis, and ultimately compromising specific immunity. Initially, fish exposed to MPs recruit a significant number of macrophages and T cells while activating lysosomes. Over time, this exposure leads to apoptosis of immune cells, a decline in lysosomal degradation capacity, lysosomal activity, and complement levels. MPs possess a small specific surface area and can efficiently bind with heavy metals, organic pollutants, and viruses, enhancing immune responses. Hence, there is a need for comprehensive studies on the shape, size, additives released from MPs, along with their immunotoxic effects and mechanisms in conjunction with other pollutants and viruses. These studies aim to solidify existing knowledge and delineate future research directions concerning the immunotoxicity of MPs on fish, which has implications for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqi Li
- Affiliation: Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedicine Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Huanpeng Liu
- Affiliation: Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedicine Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Liuliu Bi
- Affiliation: Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedicine Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yinai Liu
- Affiliation: Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedicine Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Libo Jin
- Affiliation: Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedicine Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Renyi Peng
- Affiliation: Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedicine Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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Matias RS, Gomes S, Barboza LGA, Almeida CMR, Marques A, Guilhermino L, Valente LMP. Occurrence of microplastics and metals in European seabass produced in different aquaculture systems: Implications for human exposure, risk, and food safety. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 929:172535. [PMID: 38641109 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are emerging contaminants of increasing concern as they may cause adverse effects and carry other contaminants, which may potentially compromise human health. Despite occurring in aquatic ecosystems worldwide, the knowledge about MP presence in different aquaculture systems and their potential impact on seafood products is still limited. This study aimed to determine the levels of MPs in water, feed, and European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) from three relevant aquaculture systems and estimate human exposure to MPs and metals through seabass consumption. The recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) had the highest MP occurrence in water and feed. MP levels in seabass followed the aquaculture system's levels in water and feed, with RAS-farmed fish presenting the highest MP load, both in the fish gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and muscle, followed by pond-, and cage-farmed fish. MPs' characteristics across aquaculture systems and fish samples remained consistent, with the predominant recovered particles falling within the MP size range. The particles were visually characterized and chemically identified by micro-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (μFTIR). Most of these particles were fibres composed of man-made cellulose and PET. MP levels in GIT were significantly higher than in muscle for pond- and RAS-farmed fish, MPs' bioconcentration factors >1 indicated bioconcentration in farmed seabass. Metal concentrations in fish muscle were below permissible limits, posing low intake risks for consumers according to the available health-based guidance values and estimated dietary scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo S Matias
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-LA, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sónia Gomes
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-LA, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luis Gabriel A Barboza
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-LA, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - C Marisa R Almeida
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-LA, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - António Marques
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-LA, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; IPMA, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, Divisão de Aquacultura, Valorização e Bioprospeção, Avenida Doutor Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Lúcia Guilhermino
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-LA, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luisa M P Valente
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-LA, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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Eid Z, Mahmoud UM, Sayed AEDH. Deleterious effects of polypropylene released from paper cups on blood profile and liver tissue of Clarias gariepinus: bioremediation using Spirulina. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1380652. [PMID: 38846421 PMCID: PMC11155391 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1380652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous studies on microplastics, the biological impacts of polypropylene microplastics (PP-MPs) and its toxicity on freshwater fish have yet to be fully revealed. The purpose of this research was to look at the potentially harmful effects of PP-MPs in freshwater African catfish Clarias gariepinus and bioremediation using Spirulina. After acclimatization to laboratory conditions, 108 fish (125 ± 3 gm and 27 ± 2 cm) were assigned into triplicate six experimental groups (12 fish/group), a control group, Spirulina group (SP), PP-MP-treated groups (0.14 and 0.28 mg/l PP-MPs), and PP-MP + Spirulina-treated groups (0.14 mg/l PP-MPs + 200 mg/L SP and 0.28 mg/l PP-MPs +200 mg/L SP) for 15-day exposure and 45-day recovery after that. The hematological parameters exhibiting significance (RBCs, Hct, Hb, and MCV) or non-significance (MCH and MCHC) either decreased with the increase in PP-MP doses from 0.0 in the control to 0.28 mg/L red blood cells (RBCs), hematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), hemoglobin (Hb) and platelets or increased with such an increase in doses (mean corpuscular volume (MCV)). The liver enzyme activity, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) exhibited non-significant (p ≥ 0.05) or significant (p < 0.05) increases in (0.14 and 0.28 mg/L) PP-MP-exposed groups, respectively, except ALP. Furthermore, there was a significant (p < 0.05) or non-significant (p ≥ 0.05) increase in 0.14 and 0.28 mg/l PP-MP +200 mg/L-exposure groups, respectively, compared to the control group and the same exposure group without Spirulina. In comparison to the control group, PP-MPs (0.14 and 0.28 mg/L) induced a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the percentage of poikilocytosis and nuclear abnormalities of RBCs. The liver tissue from fish exposed to PP-MPs exhibited varying degrees of pathological changes. These results indicated that these pathological changes increased with PP-MP concentration, suggesting that the effect of PP-MPs was dose-dependent. After 45 days of recovery under normal conditions, it was obvious that there was a significant improvement in the percentage of poikilocytosis and nuclear abnormalities of RBCs, as well as a non-significant improvement in hemato-biochemical parameters and liver tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Eid
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Usama M. Mahmoud
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Alaa El-Din H. Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Molecular Biology Research & Studies Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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9
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Sayed AEDH, Emeish WFA, Bakry KA, Al-Amgad Z, Lee JS, Mansour S. Polystyrene nanoplastic and engine oil synergistically intensify toxicity in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus : Polystyrene nanoplastic and engine oil toxicity in Nile tilapia. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:143. [PMID: 38622626 PMCID: PMC11020678 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03987-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Polystyrene nanoplastic (PS-NPs) and Engine oil (EO) pose multiple ecotoxic effects with increasing threat to fish ecosystems. The current study investigated the toxicity of 15 days exposure to PS-NPs and / or EO to explore their combined synergistic effects on Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus). Hematobiochemical parameters, proinflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress biomarkers as well as histological alterations were evaluated. The experimental design contained 120 acclimated Nile tilapia distributed into four groups, control, PS-NPs (5 mg/L), EO (1%) and their combination (PS-NPs + EO). After 15-days of exposure, blood and tissue samples were collected from all fish experimental groups. Results indicated that Nile tilapia exposed to PS-NPs and / or EO revealed a significant decrease in almost all the measured hematological parameters in comparison to the control, whereas WBCs and lymphocyte counts were significantly increased in the combined group only. Results clarified that the combined PS-NPs + EO group showed the maximum decrease in RBCs, Hb, MCH and MCHC, and showed the maximum significant rise in interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in comparison to all other exposed groups. Meanwhile, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) showed a significant (p < 0.05) decline only in the combination group, whereas reduced glutathione (GSH) showed a significant decline in all exposed groups in comparison to the control. Both malondialdehyde (MDA) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) showed a significant elevation only in the combination group. Uric acid showed the maximum elevation in the combination group than all other groups, whereas creatinine showed significant elevation in the EO and combination group when compared to the control. Furthermore, the present experiment proved that exposure to these toxicants either individually or in combination is accompanied by pronounced histomorpholgical damage characterized by severe necrosis and hemorrhage of the vital organs of Nile tilapia, additionally extensively inflammatory conditions with leucocytes infiltration. We concluded that combination exposure to both PS-NPs and EO caused severe anemia, extreme inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation effects, thus they can synergize with each other to intensify toxicity in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa El-Din H Sayed
- Department of Zoology, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt.
- Department of Biotechnology, Molecular Biology Research & Studies Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt.
| | | | - Karima A Bakry
- Fish Diseases Department, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Zeinab Al-Amgad
- General Authority for Veterinary Services, Qena Veterinary Directorate, Qena, Egypt
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Salwa Mansour
- Zoology Department, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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10
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Curi LM, Barrios CE, Attademo AM, Caramello C, Peltzer PM, Lajmanovich RC, Sánchez S, Hernández DR. A realistic combined exposure scenario: effect of microplastics and atrazine on Piaractus mesopotamicus. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:29794-29810. [PMID: 38592632 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33177-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics, considered emerging environmental contaminants resulting from plastic degradation, are discovered in diverse aquatic ecosystems and can be unintentionally ingested by fish. Therefore, it is essential to characterize their interaction with other contaminants, such as agrochemicals, in aquatic environments. This study aimed to assess histological, enzymatic, and genotoxic biomarkers in juvenile pacú (Piaractus mesopotamicus) exposed to polyethylene (PE) microplastic particles and the herbicide atrazine, individually or combined, for 15 days. Four treatments were used: a negative control (CON), PE in the fish diet (0.1% w/w, FPE), atrazine through water (100 μg L-1, ATZ), and the mixture (ATZ+FPE). Results confirmed histological alterations in gills (edema and lamellar fusion) and liver (necrotic areas and congestion) of fish exposed to ATZ and ATZ+FPE. The number of goblet cells increased in the posterior intestine of fish under ATZ+FPE compared to CON and FPE. Enzyme activities (CAT, GST, AChE, and BChE) significantly increased in ATZ+FPE compared to CON. However, no genotoxic effect was demonstrated. These findings provide insights into the complex impacts of simultaneous exposure to atrazine and microplastics, emphasizing the need for continued research to guide effective environmental management strategies against these contaminants that represent a risk to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucila Marilén Curi
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Instituto de Materiales de Misiones (IMAM). Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales (FCEQyN), Universidad Nacional de Misiones (UNAM-CONICET), Félix de Azara, 1552, Posadas, Argentina.
| | - Carlos Eduardo Barrios
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Ictiología del Nordeste (INICNE). Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (FCV), Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE), Sargento Cabral, 2139, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Andrés Maximiliano Attademo
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (FBCB -UNL-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje "El Pozo", RNN 168, Km, 472, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Cynthia Caramello
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Materiales de Misiones (IMAM). Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales (FCEQyN), Universidad Nacional de Misiones (UNAM-CONICET), Félix de Azara, 1552, Posadas, Argentina
| | - Paola Mariela Peltzer
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (FBCB -UNL-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje "El Pozo", RNN 168, Km, 472, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Rafael Carlos Lajmanovich
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (FBCB -UNL-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje "El Pozo", RNN 168, Km, 472, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Sánchez
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Ictiología del Nordeste (INICNE). Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (FCV), Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE), Sargento Cabral, 2139, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - David Roque Hernández
- Instituto de Ictiología del Nordeste (INICNE). Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (FCV), Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE), Sargento Cabral, 2139, Corrientes, Argentina
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11
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Capparelli MV, Dzul-Caamal R, Rodríguez-Cab EM, Borges-Ramírez MM, Osten JRV, Beltran K, Pichardo-Casales B, Ramírez-Olivares AI, Vargas-Abúndez JA, Thurman CL, Moulatlet GM, Rosas C. Synergistic effects of microplastic and lead trigger physiological and biochemical impairment in a mangrove crab. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 276:109809. [PMID: 38056684 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MP) are vectors for other environmental contaminants, such as metals, being a considerable problem, especially in the aquatic ecosystem. To investigate the combined effects of MP (high density polyethylene) with lead (Pb), we exposed the mangrove fiddler crab Minuca vocator to Pb (50 mg L-1), and MP (25 mg L-1) alone and in mixture, for 5 days. We aimed to determine Pb and MP bioaccumulation, as well as physiological (oxygen consumption and hemolymph osmolality) and biochemical (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and lipid peroxidation) traits effects. Co-exposure of MP and Pb significantly increased the bioaccumulation of Pb, but reduced MP tissue accumulation. Regarding the physiological traits, increasing osmolality and oxygen consumption rates compared to the control were observed, particularly in the combined Pb and MP exposure. As to biochemical traits, the combination of Pb and MP induced the most significant responses in the enzymatic profile antioxidant enzyme activity. The catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and dismutase superoxide (SOD) decreased compared to individual exposure effects; the combination of MP and Pb had a synergistic effect on promoting lipid peroxidation (LPO). The co-exposure of MP and Pb acted synergistically when compared to the effects of the isolated compounds. Due to the increasing MP contamination in mangroves, more severe physiological and biochemical effects can be expected on mangrove crabs exposed to metal contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana V Capparelli
- Estación El Carmen, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Carmen-Puerto Real km 9.5, 24157 Ciudad del Carmen, Mexico.
| | - Ricardo Dzul-Caamal
- Instituto de Ecología, Pesquería y Oceanografía del Golfo de México (EPOMEX), Campus VI, Av. Héroe de Nacozari 480, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, 24070 Campeche, Mexico
| | - Erick M Rodríguez-Cab
- Instituto de Ecología, Pesquería y Oceanografía del Golfo de México (EPOMEX), Campus VI, Av. Héroe de Nacozari 480, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, 24070 Campeche, Mexico
| | - Merle M Borges-Ramírez
- Instituto de Ecología, Pesquería y Oceanografía del Golfo de México (EPOMEX), Campus VI, Av. Héroe de Nacozari 480, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, 24070 Campeche, Mexico
| | - Jaime Rendón-von Osten
- Instituto de Ecología, Pesquería y Oceanografía del Golfo de México (EPOMEX), Campus VI, Av. Héroe de Nacozari 480, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, 24070 Campeche, Mexico
| | - Karen Beltran
- Estación El Carmen, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carretera Carmen-Puerto Real km 9.5, 24157 Ciudad del Carmen, Mexico
| | - Brian Pichardo-Casales
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia (ENES Morelia), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, C.P. 58190 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | | | | | - Carl L Thurman
- Department of Biology, University of Northern Iowa, 1227 W. 27 th St., Cedar Falls, IO, USA
| | - Gabriel M Moulatlet
- Arizona Institute for Resilience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Carlos Rosas
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
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