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Zhang W, Zhu L, Fang F, Zhang F, Wang R, Yang K, Liu Y, Cui X. Activin A plays an essential role in migration and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells via Smad3 and calcium signaling. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20419. [PMID: 39223291 PMCID: PMC11369249 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71304-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Activin A and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are involved in tissue repair and fibrosis in liver injury. This study investigated the impact of activin A on HSC activation and migration. A microfluidic D4-chip was used for examining the cell migration of mouse hepatic stellate cell line MHSteC. The analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed that activin βA (Inhba), activin receptor type 1A (Acvr1a) and type 2A (Acvr2a) mRNAs were more significantly expressed in human HSCs than in the hepatocytes. Moreover, activin A promoted MHSteC proliferation and induced MHSteC migration. Furthermore, the MHSteCs treated with activin A exhibited increased levels of migration-related proteins, N-cadherin, Vimentin, α-SMA, MMP2 and MMP9, but a decreased level of E-cadherin. Additionally, activin A treatment significantly increased the p-Smad3 levels and p-Smad3/Smad3 ratio in the MHSteCs, and the Smad3 inhibitor SIS3 attenuated activin A-induced MHSteC proliferation and migration. Simultaneously, activin A increased the calcium levels in the MHSteCs, and the migratory effects of activin A on MHSteCs were weakened by the intracellular calcium ion-chelating agent BAPTA-AM. These data indicate that activin A can promote MHSteC activation and migration through the canonical Smad3 signaling and calcium signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Linjing Zhu
- Department of Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Fenglin Zhang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Runnan Wang
- Department of Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Yahui Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
| | - Xueling Cui
- Department of Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
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Kitagawa T, Matsumoto T, Ohta T, Yoshida T, Saito Y, Nakayama Y, Hadate Y, Ashihara E, Watanabe T. Linderapyrone analogue LPD-01 as a cancer treatment agent by targeting importin7. J Nat Med 2024; 78:370-381. [PMID: 38265612 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-023-01774-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays important roles in several cancer cells, including cell proliferation and development. We previously succeeded in synthesizing a small molecule compound inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, named LPD-01 (1), and 1 inhibited the growth of human colorectal cancer (HT-29) cells. In this study, we revealed that 1 inhibits the growth of HT-29 cells stronger than that of another human colorectal cancer (SW480) cells. Therefore, we have attempted to identify the target proteins of 1 in HT-29 cells. Firstly, we investigated the effect on the expression levels of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related proteins. As a result, 1 inhibited the expression of target proteins of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway (c-Myc and Survivin) and their genes, whereas the amount of transcriptional co-activator (β-catenin) was not decreased, suggesting that 1 inhibited the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway without affecting β-catenin. Next, we investigated the target proteins of 1 using magnetic FG beads. Chemical pull-down assay combined with mass spectrometry suggested that 1 directly binds to importin7. As expected, 1 inhibited the nuclear translocation of importin7 cargoes such as Smad2 and Smad3 in TGF-β-stimulated HT-29 cells. In addition, the knockdown of importin7 by siRNA reduced the expression of target genes of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. These results suggest that importin7 is one of the target proteins of 1 for inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kitagawa
- Laboratory of Public Health, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan
| | - Takahiro Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Public Health, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan.
| | - Tomoe Ohta
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Nagasaki, 859-3298, Japan
| | - Tatsusada Yoshida
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Nagasaki, 859-3298, Japan
| | - Youhei Saito
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakayama
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan
| | - Yuki Hadate
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Physiology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan
| | - Eishi Ashihara
- Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Physiology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Watanabe
- Laboratory of Public Health, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan.
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Sosa J, Oyelakin A, Sinha S. The Reign of Follistatin in Tumors and Their Microenvironment: Implications for Drug Resistance. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:130. [PMID: 38392348 PMCID: PMC10887188 DOI: 10.3390/biology13020130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Follistatin (FST) is a potent neutralizer of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily and is associated with normal cellular programs and various hallmarks of cancer, such as proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and immune evasion. The aberrant expression of FST by solid tumors is a well-documented observation, yet how FST influences tumor progression and therapy response remains unclear. The recent surge in omics data has revealed new insights into the molecular foundation underpinning tumor heterogeneity and its microenvironment, offering novel precision medicine-based opportunities to combat cancer. In this review, we discuss these recent FST-centric studies, thereby offering an updated perspective on the protean role of FST isoforms in shaping the complex cellular ecosystem of tumors and in mediating drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Sosa
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Akinsola Oyelakin
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Satrajit Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
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Mujalli A, Farrash WF, Obaid AA, Khan AA, Almaimani RA, Idris S, Elzubier ME, Khidir EBA, Aslam A, Minshawi F, Alobaidy MA, Alharbi AB, Almasmoum HA, Ghaith M, Alqethami K, Refaat B. Improved Glycaemic Control and Nephroprotective Effects of Empagliflozin and Paricalcitol Co-Therapy in Mice with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17380. [PMID: 38139208 PMCID: PMC10743534 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we measured the antidiabetic and nephroprotective effects of the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (empagliflozin; SGLT2i) and synthetic active vitamin D (paricalcitol; Pcal) mono- and co-therapy against diabetic nephropathy (DN). Fifty mice were assigned into negative (NC) and positive (PC) control, SGLT2i, Pcal, and SGLT2i+Pcal groups. Following establishment of DN, SGLT2i (5.1 mg/kg/day) and/or Pcal (0.5 µg/kg/day) were used in the designated groups (5 times/week/day). DN was affirmed in the PC group by hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, polyuria, proteinuria, elevated urine protein/creatinine ratio, and abnormal renal biochemical parameters. Renal SREBP-1 lipogenic molecule, adipokines (leptin/resistin), pro-oxidant (MDA/H2O2), pro-inflammatory (IL1β/IL6/TNF-α), tissue damage (iNOS/TGF-β1/NGAL/KIM-1), and apoptosis (TUNEL/Caspase-3) markers also increased in the PC group. In contrast, renal lipolytic (PPARα/PPARγ), adiponectin, antioxidant (GSH/GPx1/SOD1/CAT), and anti-inflammatory (IL10) molecules decreased in the PC group. Both monotherapies increased insulin levels and mitigated hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, renal and urine biochemical profiles alongside renal lipid regulatory molecules, inflammation, and oxidative stress. While SGLT2i monotherapy showed superior effects to Pcal, their combination demonstrated enhanced remedial actions related to metabolic control alongside renal oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. In conclusion, SGLT2i was better than Pcal monotherapy against DN, and their combination revealed better nephroprotection, plausibly by enhanced glycaemic control with boosted renal antioxidative and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Mujalli
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah P.O. Box 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wesam F. Farrash
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah P.O. Box 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad A. Obaid
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah P.O. Box 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anmar A. Khan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah P.O. Box 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyad A. Almaimani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah P.O. Box 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakir Idris
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah P.O. Box 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed E. Elzubier
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah P.O. Box 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elshiekh Babiker A. Khidir
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah P.O. Box 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akhmed Aslam
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah P.O. Box 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Minshawi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah P.O. Box 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A. Alobaidy
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Umm AlQura University, Makkah P.O. Box 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel B. Alharbi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah P.O. Box 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain A. Almasmoum
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah P.O. Box 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen Ghaith
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah P.O. Box 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alqethami
- Department of Laboratory, Al-Noor Specialist Hospital, Makkah P.O. Box 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassem Refaat
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah P.O. Box 7607, Saudi Arabia
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Li Z, Huang Y, Zhou R, Li Z, Yan Q. Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of SMAD4 in non-small cell lung cancer: A meta-analysis and database validation. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34312. [PMID: 37478236 PMCID: PMC10662867 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between SMAD family member 4 (SMAD4) and the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients is unclear. Our aim was to investigate the association between SMAD4 expression and clinicopathological parameters and NSCLC prognosis. METHODS We searched articles in databases from inception to July 2022 to retrieve literature related to SMAD4 expression and the clinicopathological and/or prognostic significance of NSCLC patients. Odds ratios (ORs), hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. We evaluated the expression of SMAD4 and overall survival (OS) in NSCLC using the Kaplan-Meier plotter database. RESULTS Eight articles with 1461 NSCLC patients were included. SMAD4 expression was related to tumor differentiation (OR = 0.359, 95% CI: 0.238-0.543, P = .000), lymph node metastasis (OR = 0.469, 95% CI: 0.04-0.725, P = .001), tumor node metastasis stage (OR = 0.238, 95% CI: 0.156-0.362, P = .000) and good OS (HR = 0.592, 95% CI: 0.332-0.853, P = .000) in NSCLC. There was no significant association between SMAD4 expression and age (OR = 0.822, 95% CI: 0.515-1.312, P = .411) or sex (OR = 1.056, 95% CI: 0.675-1.653, P = .811). Furthermore, SMAD4 expression was lower in NSCLC, and a good prognosis in NSCLC (HR = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.51-0.72, P = 4.2 e-9) was shown to correlate with higher SMAD4 expression using the Kaplan-Meier Plotter database. CONCLUSION SMAD4 expression is lower in NSCLC and correlated with lymph node metastasis, tumor differentiation, tumor node metastasis stage and good OS for NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Li
- Department II of Thoracic Surgery, The Fifth Hospital of Dalian, Dalian, China
| | - Yunfei Huang
- Department II of Thoracic Surgery, The Fifth Hospital of Dalian, Dalian, China
| | - Rongsheng Zhou
- Department II of Thoracic Surgery, The Fifth Hospital of Dalian, Dalian, China
| | - Zhicheng Li
- Department II of Thoracic Surgery, The Fifth Hospital of Dalian, Dalian, China
| | - Qitao Yan
- Department II of Thoracic Surgery, The Fifth Hospital of Dalian, Dalian, China
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Obaid AA, Almasmoum H, Almaimani RA, El-Boshy M, Aslam A, Idris S, Ghaith MM, El-Readi MZ, Ahmad J, Farrash WF, Mujalli A, Eid SY, Elzubier ME, Refaat B. Vitamin D and calcium co-therapy mitigates pre-established cadmium nephropathy by regulating renal calcium homeostatic molecules and improving anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities in rat. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 79:127221. [PMID: 37244046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium (Cd) is a major environmental pollutant and chronic toxicity could induce nephropathy by increasing renal oxidative stress and inflammation. Although vitamin D (VD) and calcium (Ca) prophylactic treatments attenuated Cd-induced cell injury, none of the prior studies measure their renoprotective effects against pre-established Cd-nephropathy. AIMS To measure the alleviating effects of VD and/or Ca single and dual therapies against pre-established nephrotoxicity induced by chronic Cd toxicity prior to treatment initiation. METHODS Forty male adult rats were allocated into: negative controls (NC), positive controls (PC), Ca, VD and VC groups. The study lasted for eight weeks and all animals, except the NC, received CdCl2 in drinking water (44 mg/L) throughout the study. Ca (100 mg/kg) and/or VD (350 IU/kg) were given (five times/week) during the last four weeks to the designated groups. Subsequently, the expression of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), VD synthesising (Cyp27b1) and catabolizing (Cyp24a1) enzymes with VD receptor (VDR) and binding protein (VDBP) was measured in renal tissues. Similarly, renal expression of Ca voltage-dependent channels (CaV1.1/CaV3.1), store-operated channels (RyR1/ITPR1), and binding proteins (CAM/CAMKIIA/S100A1/S100B) were measured. Serum markers of renal function alongside several markers of oxidative stress (MDA/H2O2/GSH/GPx/CAT) and inflammation (IL-6/TNF-α/IL-10) together with renal cell apoptosis and expression of caspase-3 were also measured. RESULTS The PC group exhibited hypovitaminosis D, hypocalcaemia, hypercalciuria, proteinuria, reduced creatinine clearance, and increased renal apoptosis/necrosis with higher caspase-3 expression. Markers of renal tissue damage (TGF-β1/iNOS/NGAL/KIM-1), oxidative stress (MDA/H2O2), and inflammation (TNF-α/IL-1β/IL-6) increased, whilst the antioxidants (GSH/GPx/CAT) and IL-10 decreased, in the PC group. The PC renal tissues also showed abnormal expression of Cyp27b1, Cyp24a1, VDR, and VDBP, alongside Ca-membranous (CaV1.1/CaV3.1) and store-operated channels (RyR1/ITPR1) and cytosolic Ca-binding proteins (CAM/CAMKIIA/S100A1/S100B). Although VD was superior to Ca monotherapy, their combination revealed the best mitigation effects by attenuating serum and renal tissue Cd concentrations, inflammation and oxidative stress, alongside modulating the expression of VD/Ca-molecules. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to show improved alleviations against Cd-nephropathy by co-supplementing VD and Ca, possibly by better regulation of Ca-dependent anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad A Obaid
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Almasmoum
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyad A Almaimani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed El-Boshy
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Akhmed Aslam
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakir Idris
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen M Ghaith
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Z El-Readi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assuit 71524, Egypt
| | - Jawwad Ahmad
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wesam F Farrash
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Mujalli
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safaa Y Eid
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed E Elzubier
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassem Refaat
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
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Refaat B, Aslam A, Idris S, Almalki AH, Alkhaldi MY, Asiri HA, Almaimani RA, Mujalli A, Minshawi F, Alamri SA, AlHussain MI, Baltow BA, Alqasmi MH, Basfar GT, Alosaimi OM, Muhayya IA. Profiling estrogen, progesterone, and androgen receptors in colorectal cancer in relation to gender, menopausal status, clinical stage, and tumour sidedness. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1187259. [PMID: 37206439 PMCID: PMC10190606 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1187259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although estrogen (ERα/ERβ), progesterone (PGR), and androgen (AR) receptors are pathologically altered in colorectal cancer (CRC), their simultaneous expression within the same cohort of patients was not previously measured. Methods ERα/ERβ/PGR/AR proteins were measured in archived paired normal and malignant colon specimens (n =120 patients) by immunohistochemistry, and results were analyzed by gender, age (≤50 vs. ≥60 years), clinical stages (early-stage I/II vs. late-stage III/IV), and anatomical location (right; RSCs vs. left; LSCs). Effects of 17β-estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), and testosterone alone or combined with the specific blockers of ERα (MPP dihydrochloride), ERβ (PHTPP), PGR (mifepristone), and AR (bicalutamide) on cell cycle and apoptosis were also measured in the SW480 male and HT29 female CRC cell lines. Results ERα and AR proteins increased, whilst ERβ and PGR declined markedly in malignant specimens. Moreover, male neoplastic tissues showed highest AR expression, whilst ERβ and PGR weakest alongside ERα strongest expression was seen in cancerous tissues from women aged ≥60 years. Late-stage neoplasms also revealed maximal alterations in the expression of sex steroid receptors. By tumor location, LSCs disclosed significant elevations in ERα with marked declines in PGR compared with RSCs, and ERα strongest alongside PGR weakest expression was detected in advanced LSCs from women aged ≥60 years. Late-stage LSCs from females aged ≥60 years also showed weakest ERβ and strongest AR expression. In contrast, male RSC and LSC tissues exhibited equal ERβ and AR expression in all clinical stages. ERα and AR proteins also correlated positively, whereas ERβ and PGR inversely, with tumor characteristics. Concomitantly, E2 and P4 monotherapies triggered cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in the SW480 and HT29 cells, and while pre-treatment with ERα-blocker enhanced the effects of E2, ERβ-blocker and PGR-blocker suppressed the E2 and P4 anti-cancer actions, respectively. In contrast, treatment with the AR-blocker induced apoptosis, whilst co-treatment with testosterone hindered the effects. Conclusions This study advocates that protein expression of sex steroid receptors in malignant tissues could represent prognostic markers, as well as hormonal therapy could provide an alternative strategy against CRC, and their efficacies could be dependent on gender, clinical stage, and tumor location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassem Refaat
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Bassem Refaat, ;
| | - Akhmed Aslam
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakir Idris
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H. Almalki
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Regional Laboratory and Central Blood Bank, Ministry of Health, Jizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mofareh Y. Alkhaldi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory And Blood Bank Department, Asir Central Hospital, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A. Asiri
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Forensic Medicine Department, Health Affairs General Directorate in Assir, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyad A. Almaimani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Mujalli
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Minshawi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara A. Alamri
- Histopathology Department, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona I. AlHussain
- Histopathology Department, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badee A. Baltow
- Histopathology Department, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour H. Alqasmi
- Clinical Laboratories, Al-Noor Specialist Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghaiyda T. Basfar
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Clinical Laboratories, Al-Noor Specialist Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ohoud M. Alosaimi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Clinical Laboratories, Eradah and Mental Health Complex, Ministry of Health, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A. Muhayya
- Laboratory And Blood Bank Department, Asir Central Hospital, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Almaimani RA, Aslam A, Ahmad J, El-Readi MZ, El-Boshy ME, Abdelghany AH, Idris S, Alhadrami M, Althubiti M, Almasmoum HA, Ghaith MM, Elzubeir ME, Eid SY, Refaat B. In Vivo and In Vitro Enhanced Tumoricidal Effects of Metformin, Active Vitamin D 3, and 5-Fluorouracil Triple Therapy against Colon Cancer by Modulating the PI3K/Akt/PTEN/mTOR Network. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1538. [PMID: 35326689 PMCID: PMC8946120 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is common during colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment. This study measured the chemotherapeutic effects of 5-FU, active vitamin D3 (VD3), and/or metformin single/dual/triple regimens as complementary/alternative therapies. Ninety male mice were divided into: negative and positive (PC) controls, and 5-FU, VD3, Met, 5-FU/VD3, 5-FU/Met, VD3/Met, and 5-FU/VD3/Met groups. Treatments lasted four weeks following CRC induction by azoxymethane. Similar regimens were also applied in the SW480 and SW620 CRC cell lines. The PC mice had abundant tumours, markedly elevated proliferation markers (survivin/CCND1) and PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and reduced p21/PTEN/cytochrome C/caspase-3 and apoptosis. All therapies reduced tumour numbers, with 5-FU/VD3/Met being the most efficacious regimen. All protocols decreased cell proliferation markers, inhibited PI3K/Akt/mTOR molecules, and increased proapoptotic molecules with an apoptosis index, and 5-FU/VD3/Met revealed the strongest effects. In vitro, all therapies equally induced G1 phase arrest in SW480 cells, whereas metformin-alone showed maximal SW620 cell numbers in the G0/G1 phase. 5-FU/Met co-therapy also showed the highest apoptotic SW480 cell numbers (13%), whilst 5-FU/VD3/Met disclosed the lowest viable SW620 cell percentages (81%). Moreover, 5-FU/VD3/Met revealed maximal inhibitions of cell cycle inducers (CCND1/CCND3), cell survival (BCL2), and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR molecules alongside the highest expression of cell cycle inhibitors (p21/p27), proapoptotic markers (BAX/cytochrome C/caspase-3), and PTEN in both cell lines. In conclusion, metformin monotherapy was superior to VD3, whereas the 5-FU/Met protocol showed better anticancer effects relative to the other dual therapies. However, the 5-FU/VD3/Met approach displayed the best in vivo and in vitro tumoricidal effects related to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, justifiably by enhanced modulations of the PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyad Adnan Almaimani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.A.); (M.Z.E.-R.); (M.A.); (M.E.E.); (S.Y.E.)
| | - Akhmed Aslam
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, P.O. Box 7607, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (J.A.); (M.E.E.-B.); (A.H.A.); (S.I.); (H.A.A.); (M.M.G.)
| | - Jawwad Ahmad
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, P.O. Box 7607, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (J.A.); (M.E.E.-B.); (A.H.A.); (S.I.); (H.A.A.); (M.M.G.)
| | - Mahmoud Zaki El-Readi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.A.); (M.Z.E.-R.); (M.A.); (M.E.E.); (S.Y.E.)
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assuit 71524, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E. El-Boshy
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, P.O. Box 7607, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (J.A.); (M.E.E.-B.); (A.H.A.); (S.I.); (H.A.A.); (M.M.G.)
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Abdelghany H. Abdelghany
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, P.O. Box 7607, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (J.A.); (M.E.E.-B.); (A.H.A.); (S.I.); (H.A.A.); (M.M.G.)
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt
| | - Shakir Idris
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, P.O. Box 7607, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (J.A.); (M.E.E.-B.); (A.H.A.); (S.I.); (H.A.A.); (M.M.G.)
| | - Mai Alhadrami
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad Althubiti
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.A.); (M.Z.E.-R.); (M.A.); (M.E.E.); (S.Y.E.)
| | - Hussain A. Almasmoum
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, P.O. Box 7607, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (J.A.); (M.E.E.-B.); (A.H.A.); (S.I.); (H.A.A.); (M.M.G.)
| | - Mazen M. Ghaith
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, P.O. Box 7607, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (J.A.); (M.E.E.-B.); (A.H.A.); (S.I.); (H.A.A.); (M.M.G.)
| | - Mohamed E. Elzubeir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.A.); (M.Z.E.-R.); (M.A.); (M.E.E.); (S.Y.E.)
| | - Safaa Yehia Eid
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.A.); (M.Z.E.-R.); (M.A.); (M.E.E.); (S.Y.E.)
| | - Bassem Refaat
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, P.O. Box 7607, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (J.A.); (M.E.E.-B.); (A.H.A.); (S.I.); (H.A.A.); (M.M.G.)
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9
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Mahbub AA, Aslam A, Elzubier ME, El-Boshy M, Abdelghany AH, Ahmad J, Idris S, Almaimani R, Alsaegh A, El-Readi MZ, Baghdadi MA, Refaat B. Enhanced anti-cancer effects of oestrogen and progesterone co-therapy against colorectal cancer in males. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:941834. [PMID: 36263327 PMCID: PMC9574067 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.941834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although ovarian sex steroids could have protective roles against colorectal cancer (CRC) in women, little is currently known about their potential anti-tumorigenic effects in men. Hence, this study measured the therapeutic effects of 17β-oestradiol (E2) and/or progesterone (P4) against azoxymethane-induced CRC in male mice that were divided into (n = 10 mice/group): negative (NC) and positive (PC) controls, E2 (580 µg/Kg/day; five times/week) and P4 (2.9 mg/Kg/day; five times/week) monotherapies, and concurrent (EP) and sequential (E/P) co-therapy groups. Both hormones were injected intraperitoneally to the designated groups for four consecutive weeks. Similar treatment protocols with E2 (10 nM) and/or P4 (20 nM) were also used in the SW480 and SW620 human male CRC cell lines. The PC group showed abundant colonic tumours alongside increased colonic tissue testosterone levels and androgen (AR) and oestrogen (ERα) receptors, whereas E2 and P4 levels with ERβ and progesterone receptor (PGR) decreased significantly compared with the NC group. E2 and P4 monotherapies equally increased ERβ/PGR with p21/Cytochrome-C/Caspase-3, reduced testosterone levels, inhibited ERα/AR and CCND1/survivin and promoted apoptosis relative to the PC group. Both co-therapy protocols also revealed better anti-cancer effects with enhanced modulation of colonic sex steroid hormones and their receptors, with E/P the most prominent protocol. In vitro, E/P regimen showed the highest increases in the numbers of SW480 (2.1-fold) and SW620 (3.5-fold) cells in Sub-G1 phase of cell cycle. The E/P co-therapy also disclosed the lowest percentages of viable SW480 cells (2.8-fold), whilst both co-therapy protocols equally showed the greatest SW620 apoptotic cell numbers (5.2-fold) relative to untreated cells. Moreover, both co-therapy regimens revealed maximal inhibitions of cell cycle inducers, cell survival markers, and AR/ERα alongside the highest expression of cell cycle suppressors, pro-apoptotic molecules, and ERβ/PGR in both cell lines. In conclusion, CRC was associated with abnormal levels of colonic sex steroid hormones alongside aberrant protein expression of their receptors. While the anti-cancer effects of E2 and P4 monotherapies were equal, their combination protocols showed boosted tumoricidal actions against CRC in males, possibly by promoting ERβ and PGR-mediated androgen deprivation together with inhibition of ERα-regulated oncogenic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani A. Mahbub
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akhmed Aslam
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed E. Elzubier
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, National University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mohamed El-Boshy
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Abdelghany H. Abdelghany
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Jawwad Ahmad
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakir Idris
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyad Almaimani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aiman Alsaegh
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Zaki El-Readi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A. Baghdadi
- Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassem Refaat
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Bassem Refaat, ;
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