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Zulkefli N, Che Zahari CNM, Sayuti NH, Kamarudin AA, Saad N, Hamezah HS, Bunawan H, Baharum SN, Mediani A, Ahmed QU, Ismail AFH, Sarian MN. Flavonoids as Potential Wound-Healing Molecules: Emphasis on Pathways Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054607. [PMID: 36902038 PMCID: PMC10003005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Wounds are considered to be a serious problem that affects the healthcare sector in many countries, primarily due to diabetes and obesity. Wounds become worse because of unhealthy lifestyles and habits. Wound healing is a complicated physiological process that is essential for restoring the epithelial barrier after an injury. Numerous studies have reported that flavonoids possess wound-healing properties due to their well-acclaimed anti-inflammatory, angiogenesis, re-epithelialization, and antioxidant effects. They have been shown to be able to act on the wound-healing process via expression of biomarkers respective to the pathways that mainly include Wnt/β-catenin, Hippo, Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β), Hedgehog, c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase (JNK), NF-E2-related factor 2/antioxidant responsive element (Nrf2/ARE), Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB), MAPK/ERK, Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, Nitric oxide (NO) pathways, etc. Hence, we have compiled existing evidence on the manipulation of flavonoids towards achieving skin wound healing, together with current limitations and future perspectives in support of these polyphenolic compounds as safe wound-healing agents, in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabilah Zulkefli
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Nor Hafiza Sayuti
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ammar Akram Kamarudin
- UKM Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), UKM Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norazalina Saad
- Laboratory of Cancer Research UPM-MAKNA (CANRES), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hamizah Shahirah Hamezah
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hamidun Bunawan
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Syarul Nataqain Baharum
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmed Mediani
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Qamar Uddin Ahmed
- Drug Discovery and Synthetic Chemistry Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Fahmi Harun Ismail
- Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (A.F.H.I.); (M.N.S.)
| | - Murni Nazira Sarian
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (A.F.H.I.); (M.N.S.)
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Lotus root extract inhibits skin damage through suppression of collagenase production in vitro. Cytotechnology 2022; 74:309-317. [PMID: 35464168 PMCID: PMC8975922 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-022-00521-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Lotus root is a traditional food ingredient used primarily in Asia and is rich in polyphenols. To determine its potential use in antiphotoaging, polyphenols were extracted from lotus root with 50% ethanol, and the activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) was measured in dermal cells treated with ultraviolet A (UVA). UVA exposure increased the gene expression of IL-1α, the mRNA levels of MMP-1, and hence, the levels of MMP-1 protein in HaCaT cells, whereas cells treated with lotus polyphenol (LP) normalized these values to the control. In the presence of LP at concentrations of 1 and 10 μg/mL, both the secretion of IL-1α and protein levels of MMP-1 in human keratinocyte cells significantly reduced. Similarly, in the LabCyte EPI-MODEL24, irradiation with UVA caused an increase in mRNA expression of IL-1α and MMP-1, which was prevented by adding LP to the cells. Our results with three different skin cells accordingly showed that LP may help maintain skin health through decreased levels of MMP-1 activity via its anti-inflammatory properties.
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Mukai R, Fukuda T, Ohnishi A, Nikawa T, Furusawa M, Terao J. Chocolate as a food matrix reduces the bioavailability of galloylated catechins from green tea in healthy women. Food Funct 2021; 12:408-416. [PMID: 33393957 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02485f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the food matrix effects of chocolate on the absorption of green tea catechins (GTCs), (-)-epicatechin (EC), (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECg), and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg), in five healthy 22-year-old women. In the single-intake experiment, the plasma concentrations of ECg (P < 0.05, at 1.5 h) and EGCg (P < 0.05, at 6 h) but not those of EC and EGC were reduced by the chocolate matrix. Regardless of the chocolate matrix, ECg and EGCg were mainly present as their aglycones in the plasma, whereas EGC and EC were found mostly as conjugated metabolites. After daily intake of GTCs mixed with chocolate for 14 days followed by overnight fasting, ECg but not EGCg was detected in the plasma. To compare the plasma profiles of ECg and EGCg, a mixture containing approximately equal amounts of ECg and EGCg was administered to nine rats for 14 days. Following treatment and overnight food deprivation, the plasma content of ECg was higher than that of EGCg. After a single injection of the same mixture in seven rats, ECg levels were higher than those of EGCg, and a greater amount of conjugated metabolites of ECg than those of EGCg was detected in the plasma 10 h after administration. In conclusion, the chocolate matrix affects the plasma profiles of GTCs, particularly ECg. ECg appears to persist in the plasma for a longer period, regardless of the chocolate matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Mukai
- Department of Food Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan and Department of Food Science, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, 2-1, Minamijosan-jima, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan. rmukai@tokushima-.ac.jp
| | - Takashi Fukuda
- Department of Food Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Asami Ohnishi
- Department of Food Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nikawa
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Medical Nutrition, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mutsuki Furusawa
- Department of Food Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Junji Terao
- Department of Food Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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Xu YQ, Gao Y, Granato D. Effects of epigallocatechin gallate, epigallocatechin and epicatechin gallate on the chemical and cell-based antioxidant activity, sensory properties, and cytotoxicity of a catechin-free model beverage. Food Chem 2020; 339:128060. [PMID: 32950901 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epigallocatechin (EGC) and epicatechin gallate (ECG) on the chemical and cell-based antioxidant activity, sensory properties, and cytotoxicity of a catechin-free model beverage were modeled using response surface methodology. Results showed that ECG presented the highest reducing capacity while EGCG presented the highest Cu2+ chelating ability. Binary interactions (EGCG/EGC and EGCG/ECG) had an additive effect on CUPRAC, DPPH and Cu2+ chelating ability. The mixture containing 67.4% ECG and 32.6% EGCG was the optimal combination of flavanols (OPC). In a beverage model - chrysanthemum tea - OPC enhanced the anti-proliferative activity in relation to OVCAR-3, HEK293 and HFL1 cells and decreased the intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species. OPC enhanced the bitterness and astringency of the beverage models impacting in a decrease in overall acceptance. The pasteurization process did not decrease the antioxidant activity and the flavanol concentration of the beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Quan Xu
- Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Daniel Granato
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Food Processing and Quality, Tietotie 2, 02150 Espoo, Finland.
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Basu A, Das AS, Borah PK, Duary RK, Mukhopadhyay R. Biochanin A impedes STAT3 activation by upregulating p38δ MAPK phosphorylation in IL-6-stimulated macrophages. Inflamm Res 2020; 69:1143-1156. [PMID: 32852592 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01387-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE IL-6-induced STAT3 activation is associated with various chronic inflammatory diseases. In this study, we investigated the anti-STAT3 mechanism of the dietary polyphenol, biochanin A (BCA), in IL-6-treated macrophages. METHODS The effect of BCA on STAT3 and p38 MAPK was analyzed by immunoblot. The localization of both these transcription factors was determined by immunofluorescence and fractionation studies. The impact on DNA-binding activity of STAT3 was studied by luciferase assay. To understand which of the isoforms of p38 MAPK was responsible for BCA-mediated regulation of STAT3, overexpression of the proteins, site-directed mutagenesis, pull-down assays and computational analysis were performed. Finally, adhesion-migration assays and semi-quantitative PCR were employed to understand the biological effects of BCA-mediated regulation of STAT3. RESULTS BCA prevented STAT3 phosphorylation (Tyr705) and increased p38 MAPK phosphorylation (Thr180/Tyr182) in IL-6-stimulated differentiated macrophages. This opposing modulatory effect of BCA was not observed in cells treated with other stress-inducing stimuli that activate p38 MAPK. BCA abrogated IL-6-induced nuclear translocation of phospho-STAT3 and its transcriptional activity, while increasing the cellular abundance of phospho-p38 MAPK. BCA-induced phosphorylation of p38δ, but not α, β, or γ was responsible for impeding IL-6-induced STAT3 phosphorylation. Interestingly, interaction with phospho-p38δ masked the Tyr705 residue of STAT3, preventing its phosphorylation. BCA significantly reduced STAT3-dependent expression of icam-1 and mcp-1 diminishing IL-6-mediated monocyte adhesion and migration. CONCLUSION This differential regulation of STAT3 and p38 MAPK in macrophages establishes a novel anti-inflammatory mechanism of BCA which could be important for the prevention of IL-6-associated chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anandita Basu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Napaam, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Anindhya Sundar Das
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Napaam, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Pallab Kumar Borah
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Raj Kumar Duary
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Rupak Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Napaam, Assam, 784028, India.
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Proshkina E, Shaposhnikov M, Moskalev A. Genome-Protecting Compounds as Potential Geroprotectors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4484. [PMID: 32599754 PMCID: PMC7350017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout life, organisms are exposed to various exogenous and endogenous factors that cause DNA damages and somatic mutations provoking genomic instability. At a young age, compensatory mechanisms of genome protection are activated to prevent phenotypic and functional changes. However, the increasing stress and age-related deterioration in the functioning of these mechanisms result in damage accumulation, overcoming the functional threshold. This leads to aging and the development of age-related diseases. There are several ways to counteract these changes: 1) prevention of DNA damage through stimulation of antioxidant and detoxification systems, as well as transition metal chelation; 2) regulation of DNA methylation, chromatin structure, non-coding RNA activity and prevention of nuclear architecture alterations; 3) improving DNA damage response and repair; 4) selective removal of damaged non-functional and senescent cells. In the article, we have reviewed data about the effects of various trace elements, vitamins, polyphenols, terpenes, and other phytochemicals, as well as a number of synthetic pharmacological substances in these ways. Most of the compounds demonstrate the geroprotective potential and increase the lifespan in model organisms. However, their genome-protecting effects are non-selective and often are conditioned by hormesis. Consequently, the development of selective drugs targeting genome protection is an advanced direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Proshkina
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Mikhail Shaposhnikov
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Alexey Moskalev
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (M.S.)
- Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, 55 Oktyabrsky prosp., 167001 Syktyvkar, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Sheng J, Liu C, Petrovas S, Wan Y, Chen HD, Seeram NP, Ma H. Phenolic-enriched maple syrup extract protects human keratinocytes against hydrogen peroxide and methylglyoxal induced cytotoxicity. Dermatol Ther 2020; 33:e13426. [PMID: 32301192 PMCID: PMC7880121 DOI: 10.1111/dth.13426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Reactive carbonyl species including methylglyoxal (MGO) are oxidation metabolites of glucose and precursors of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). They are important mediators of cellular oxidative stress and exacerbate skin complications. Published data supports that certain phenolic compounds can exert cellular protective effects by their antioxidant activity. A phenolic-enriched maple syrup extract (MSX) was previously reported to show protective effects against AGEs- and MGO-induced cytotoxicity in human colon cells but its skin protective effects remain unknown. The protective effects of MSX were evaluated against hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 )- and MGO-induced cytotoxicity in human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). Cellular viability and antioxidant activity were evaluated by the luminescent cell viability CellTiter-Glo assay and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, respectively. A single-cell gel electrophoresis (Comet assay) was used to measure the strand breaks in the DNA of HaCaT cells. MSX (at 50 μg/mL) ameliorated H2 O2 - and MGO-induced cytotoxicity by increasing cell viability by 21.5% and 25.9%, respectively. MSX reduced H2 O2 - and MGO-induced ROS production by 69.4% and 56.6%, respectively. MSX also reduced MGO-induced DNA damage by 47.5%. MSX showed protective effects against H2 O2 - and MGO-induced cytotoxicity in HaCaT cells supporting its potential for dermatological and/or cosmeceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Sheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
- Department of Biology, Providence College, RI 02881, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Sophia Petrovas
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Yinsheng Wan
- Department of Biology, Providence College, RI 02881, USA
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Hong-Duo Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Navindra P. Seeram
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Hang Ma
- Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
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Abstract
Background Catechins, which are polyphenol compounds found in many plants and are an important component of tea leaves, are strong anti-oxidants. Research Many studies seek to enhance the effects of catechins on the human body and boost their protective power against UV radiation. There are many examples of the positive anti-microbial, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergenic, and anti-cancer effects of catechins. Catechins increase the penetration and absorption of healthy functional foods and bio cosmetics into the body and the skin, thus improving their utility. High value-added anti-oxidant substances have been extracted from food and plant sludge, and experiments have shown that catechins are safe when applied to the human body. The stability of catechins is very important for their absorption into the human body and the effectiveness of their anti-oxidant properties. Conclusion Continued research on the strong anti-oxidant effects of catechins is expected to result in many advances in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries.
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Influence of protease inhibitors on the degradation of sound, sclerotic and caries-affected demineralized dentin. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 97:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Marwah M, Perrie Y, Badhan RKS, Lowry D. Intracellular uptake of EGCG-loaded deformable controlled release liposomes for skin cancer. J Liposome Res 2019; 30:136-149. [PMID: 31010367 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2019.1604746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Caucasian population groups have a higher propensity to develop skin cancer, and associated clinical interventions often present substantial financial burden on healthcare services. Conventional treatments are often not suitable for all patient groups as a result of poor efficacy and toxicity profiles. The primary objective of this study was to develop a deformable liposomal formulation, the properties of which being dictated by the surfactant Tween 20, for the dermal cellular delivery of epigallocatechin gallatein (EGCG), a compound possessing antineoplastic properties. The results demonstrated a significant (p ≤ 0.05) decrease in liposome deformability index (74 ± 8 to 37 ± 7) as Tween 20 loading increased from 0 to 10% w/w, indicating an increase in elasticity. EGCG release over 24-h demonstrated Tween 20 incorporation directly increased release from 13.7% ± 1.1% to 94.4% ± 4.9% (for 0 and 10% w/w Tween 20 respectively). Finally, we demonstrated DilC-loaded deformable liposomes were localized intracellularly within human dermal fibroblast and keratinocyte cells within 2 h. Thus, it was evident that deformable liposomes may aid drug penetration into dermal cells and would be useful in developing a controlled-release formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Marwah
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Y Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - R K S Badhan
- Life and Health Sciences, Aston University Aston Health Research Group, Birmingham, UK
| | - D Lowry
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
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Pereira DT, Pereira B, Fonseca A, Ramlov F, Maraschin M, Álvarez-Gómez F, Figueroa FL, Schmidt ÉC, Bouzon ZL, Simioni C. Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation (UV-A+UV-B) on the Antioxidant Metabolism of the Red Macroalga Species Acanthophora spicifera (Rhodophyta, Ceramiales) From Different Salinity and Nutrient Conditions. Photochem Photobiol 2019; 95:999-1009. [PMID: 30811599 DOI: 10.1111/php.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Acanthophora spicifera (M.Vahl) Børgesen is a macroalga of great economic importance. This study evaluated the antioxidant responses of two algal populations of A. spicifera adapted to different abiotic conditions when exposed to ultraviolet-A+ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-A+UV-B). Experiments were performed using the water at two collection points for 7 days of acclimatization and 7 days of exposure to UVR (3 h per day), followed by metabolic analyses. At point 1, water of 30 ± 1 practical salinity unit (psu) had concentrations of 1.06 ± 0.27 mm NH 4 + , 8.47 ± 0.01 mm NO 3 - , 0.17 ± 0.01 mm PO 4 - 3 and pH 7.88. At point 2, water of 35 ± 1 psu had concentrations of 1.13 ± 0.05 mm NH 4 + , 3.73 ± 0.01 mm NO 3 - , 0.52 ± 0.01 mm PO 4 - 3 and pH 8.55. Chlorophyll a, phycobiliproteins, carotenoids, mycosporins, polyphenolics and antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase and guaiacol peroxidase) were evaluated. The present study demonstrates that ultraviolet radiation triggers antioxidant activity in the A. spicifera. However, such activation resulted in greater responses in samples of the point 1, with lower salinity and highest concentration of nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Tomazi Pereira
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Pereira
- Chemical Oceanography Laboratory, Department of Geosciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Fonseca
- Chemical Oceanography Laboratory, Department of Geosciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ramlov
- Plant Morphogenesis and Biochemistry Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Maraschin
- Plant Morphogenesis and Biochemistry Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Félix Álvarez-Gómez
- Department of Ecology and Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Felix L Figueroa
- Department of Ecology and Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Éder Carlos Schmidt
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Zenilda Laurita Bouzon
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Carmen Simioni
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Bhatt P, Patwardhan J. Protective effect of flavonoids from Foeniculum vulgare against ultraviolet-B-induced oxidative stress in human dermal fibroblasts. BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/bmrj.bmrj_22_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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13
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Agro-Industrial By-Products and Their Bioactive Compounds—An Ally against Oxidative Stress and Skin Aging. COSMETICS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics5040058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased consumer awareness towards hazards related with sun exposure has given a boost in the cosmetics industry and particularly the sun care market. Human skin is continually being threatened by the UV irradiation present in sunlight and acute UV exposure leads to skin photoaging. Cosmetic and/or dermatological applications include several bioactive compounds that contribute to the regulation of epidermal homeostasis by providing protection against solar radiation and improving the antioxidant activity of epidermis. Plant extracts are sources of active ingredients with intense therapeutic properties, and the topical application or oral intake of these compounds could ameliorate skin condition. Nowadays, there is a growing demand for the application of the bioactive agents contained in agro-industrial byproducts in sun care products, since many of them have shown promising properties as skin photoprotectants. However, well-conducted clinical studies are required to prove their safety and efficacy before they could be regularly used. Environmentally friendly extraction and sustainable techniques are therefore under examination for recovering such compounds from agro-industrial byproducts and converting them into innovative high-value natural ingredients used in cosmetic formulations.
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Daneshyar F, Khamverdi Z, Toliat T, Alikhani MY. Effect of Green Tea Varnish on Depth of Root Caries. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018; 19:137-142. [PMID: 29422461 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM Root caries is a common, debilitating condition particularly in the elderly population, which can lead to tooth loss. Evidence shows that green tea has cariostatic effects. Considering the gap of information on green tea varnish, this study aimed to assess the efficacy of green tea varnish in the prevention of root caries. MATERIALS AND METHODS This in vitro experimental study was performed on 42 sound premolars. Two layers of acid-resistant nail varnish were applied on root surfaces except for a window of 1 × 4 mm. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups (n = 14). Group I (control) received no intervention. Group II received green tea varnish applied on the roots every 48 hours for 21 days. Group III received green tea varnish every 24 hours for 21 days. Sections of 40 μ thickness were prepared from the center of the window, and the depth of carious lesion was measured in three points with 500 μ distance from each other using polarized light microscope. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16 and non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS The mean (and standard deviation) depth of carious lesion was 54.30 ± 28.64 (μm), 0, and 0 in groups I, II, and III respectively. Control group showed the highest depth of caries. Groups II and III were not significantly different in this respect, but significant differences were noted in depth of caries between groups I and II and also groups I and III (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Based on the results, the green tea varnish may possess anticariogenic effects on root caries when applied every 24 or 48 hours over a 21-day period. Application of green tea varnish every 24 or 48 hours for 21 days may prevent root caries. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Application of green tea varnish can prevent root caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Daneshyar
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Faculty, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Zahra Khamverdi
- Member of Dental Research, Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental Faculty, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Islamic Republic of Iran, Phone: +989183122095, e-mail:
| | - Tayebeh Toliat
- Department of Industrial Pharmaceutical Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mohammad Y Alikhani
- Department of Microbiology, Dental Faculty, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Islamic Republic of Iran
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15
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Deuschle VCKN, Brusco I, Piana M, Faccin H, de Carvalho LM, Oliveira SM, Viana C. Persea americana Mill. crude extract exhibits antinociceptive effect on UVB radiation-induced skin injury in mice. Inflammopharmacology 2018; 27:323-338. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-018-0441-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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16
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Flori E, Mastrofrancesco A, Kovacs D, Bellei B, Briganti S, Maresca V, Cardinali G, Picardo M. The activation of PPARγ by 2,4,6-Octatrienoic acid protects human keratinocytes from UVR-induced damages. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9241. [PMID: 28835664 PMCID: PMC5569026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09578-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing attention is addressed to identify products able to enhance skin photoprotection and to prevent skin carcinogenesis. Several studies have demonstrated that the α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (αMSH), acting on a functional MC1R, provides a photoprotective effect by inducing pigmentation, antioxidants and DNA repair. We discovered a link between αMSH and the nuclear receptor Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ (PPARγ), suggesting that some of the αMSH protective effects may be dependent on PPARγ transcriptional activity. Moreover, we demonstrated that the activation of PPARγ by the parrodiene 2,4,6-octatrienoic acid (Octa) induces melanogenesis and antioxidant defence in human melanocytes and counteracts senescence-like phenotype in human fibroblasts. In this study, we demonstrate that the activation of PPARγ by Octa exerts a protective effect against UVA- and UVB-induced damage on normal human keratinocytes (NHKs), the major target cells of UV radiation. Octa promotes the antioxidant defence, augments DNA repair and reduces the induction of proteins involved in UV-induced DNA damage response. Our results contribute to deepen the analysis of the αMSH/PPARγ connection and suggest perspectives for the development of new molecules and formulations able to prevent cutaneous UV damage by acting on the different skin cell populations through PPARγ activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Flori
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Mastrofrancesco
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Kovacs
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Bellei
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Briganti
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Vittoria Maresca
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Cardinali
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Picardo
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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17
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Hu S, Zhang X, Chen F, Wang M. Dietary polyphenols as photoprotective agents against UV radiation. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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18
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Djulis ( Chenopodium formosanum Koidz.) Water Extract and Its Bioactive Components Ameliorate Dermal Damage in UVB-Irradiated Skin Models. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:7368797. [PMID: 27847821 PMCID: PMC5101365 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7368797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dermal photoaging is a condition of skin suffering inappropriate ultraviolet (UV) exposure and exerts inflammation, tissue alterations, redness, swelling, and uncomfortable feelings. Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum Koidz.) is a cereal food and its antioxidant and pigment constituents may provide skin protection from photoaging, but it still lacks proved experiments. In this study, protective effects of djulis extract (CFE) on UVB-irradiated skin were explored. The results showed that HaCaT cells with 150 μg/mL CFE treatment had higher survival and less production of interleukin- (IL-) 6, matrix metalloprotease- (MMP-) 1, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in UVB-irradiated conditions. Subsequently, in animal studies, mice supplemented with CFE (100 mg/kg BW) were under UVB irradiation and had thinner epidermis and lower IL-6 levels in skin layer. These data demonstrate that bioactive compounds possessing the potency of antiphotoaging exist in CFE. Following that, we found rutin and chlorogenic acid (10-100 μM) could significantly increase cell viability and decrease the production of IL-6 in UVB models. Additionally, djulis pigment-betanin has no effect of increasing cell viability in this study. Our findings suggest CFE can protect skin against UV-induced damage and this protection is mainly from contributions of rutin and chlorogenic acid.
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Ultraviolet B (UVB) Photosensitivities of Tea Catechins and the Relevant Chemical Conversions. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21101345. [PMID: 27735869 PMCID: PMC6274363 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UVB) photosensitivities of eight catechins were screened. In both water and ethanol, epicatechin (EC, 575 μM) and catechin (C, 575 μM) exhibited low photostabilities under 6 h UVB radiation with the generation of yellow photoproducts, while other catechins (epigallocatechin gallate, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, gallocatechingallate, gallocatechin, catechin gallate) were relatively UVB-insensitive. Photoisomerization and photolysis were two important UVB-induced reactions to EC whereas photolysis was the dominant reaction for C. The influencing factors of time (2–10 h), solvent (water, ethanol) and substrate concentration (71.875–1150 μM) on UVB-induced chemical conversions of EC and C were investigated, and eight photoproducts were identified through ultra performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-DAD-MS/MS) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR analysis). Photolysis reaction involved two pathways, including radical reaction and photo-induced electron transfer reaction. The 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging abilities of eight catechins did not change upon 6 h UVB irradiation. EC and C are photosensitive catechins among eight catechins causing deep color.
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20
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Radice M, Manfredini S, Ziosi P, Dissette V, Buso P, Fallacara A, Vertuani S. Herbal extracts, lichens and biomolecules as natural photo-protection alternatives to synthetic UV filters. A systematic review. Fitoterapia 2016; 114:144-162. [PMID: 27642040 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Besides the unquestionable positive effects of solar exposure for human health, UV rays have been widely investigated for toxicology aspects related to excessive UVB and UVA doses, which involve sunburns, skin aging, DNA skin damage and tumorigenesis. At present, synthetic and mineral sunscreens are used to protect against these damages but several natural molecules can provide UV protection, including also synergic effect or enhanced photo stability. Although a large number of herbal extracts and plant origin molecules can deserve potential applications, most of the study reported utilizes different method and different strategies of investigation, making thus difficult to understand the real versus claimed potential. This is possibly one of the reasons why, beside the large body of literature there are no officially approved natural commercial sun-filter but a consistent number of commercially available solar products (sunscreen) on the market that contain herbal derivatives. In this review we have evaluated the papers appeared in the last 15years and we have critically collected the most significant data. Several databases, namely Scifinder, Pubmed, Google Scholar, ISI-Web of Science and Scopus, were used as literature sources; excluding patents and symposium or congress papers. Only articles in the English language have been selected. New formulation, new skin delivery systems, skin penetration enhancers and boosters are most likely the next frontier of investigation in order to better understand the role of whole herbal extracts in exerting their photo protective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Radice
- Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Km 2 ½ Via Napo (paso lateral), Puyo, Pastaza, Ecuador
| | - Stefano Manfredini
- School of Pharmacy and Health Products, Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Master Course in Cosmetic Science and Technology, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; Ambrosialab Srl, Via Mortara 171, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Paola Ziosi
- Ambrosialab Srl, Via Mortara 171, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valeria Dissette
- School of Pharmacy and Health Products, Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Master Course in Cosmetic Science and Technology, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Piergiacomo Buso
- School of Pharmacy and Health Products, Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Master Course in Cosmetic Science and Technology, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Arianna Fallacara
- School of Pharmacy and Health Products, Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Master Course in Cosmetic Science and Technology, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Vertuani
- School of Pharmacy and Health Products, Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Master Course in Cosmetic Science and Technology, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; Ambrosialab Srl, Via Mortara 171, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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21
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Huang SF, Horng CT, Hsieh YS, Hsieh YH, Chu SC, Chen PN. Epicatechin-3-gallate reverses TGF-β1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and inhibits cell invasion and protease activities in human lung cancer cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 94:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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22
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Abstract
Polyphenols are a widely used class of compounds in dermatology. While phenol itself, the most basic member of the phenol family, is chemically synthesized, most polyphenolic compounds are found in plants and form part of their defense mechanism against decomposition. Polyphenolic compounds, which include phenolic acids, flavonoids, stilbenes, and lignans, play an integral role in preventing the attack on plants by bacteria and fungi, as well as serving as cross-links in plant polymers. There is also mounting evidence that polyphenolic compounds play an important role in human health as well. One of the most important benefits, which puts them in the spotlight of current studies, is their antitumor profile. Some of these polyphenolic compounds have already presented promising results in either in vitro or in vivo studies for non-melanoma skin cancer and melanoma. These compounds act on several biomolecular pathways including cell division cycle arrest, autophagy, and apoptosis. Indeed, such natural compounds may be of potential for both preventive and therapeutic fields of cancer. This review evaluates the existing scientific literature in order to provide support for new research opportunities using polyphenolic compounds in oncodermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adilson Costa
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Winship Cancer Institute, 101 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Michael Yi Bonner
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Winship Cancer Institute, 101 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jack L Arbiser
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Winship Cancer Institute, 101 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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23
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Caini S, Cattaruzza MS, Bendinelli B, Tosti G, Masala G, Gnagnarella P, Assedi M, Stanganelli I, Palli D, Gandini S. Coffee, tea and caffeine intake and the risk of non-melanoma skin cancer: a review of the literature and meta-analysis. Eur J Nutr 2016; 56:1-12. [PMID: 27388462 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1253-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Laboratory studies suggested that caffeine and other nutrients contained in coffee and tea may protect against non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). However, epidemiological studies conducted so far have produced conflicting results. METHODS We performed a literature review and meta-analysis of observational studies published until February 2016 that investigated the association between coffee and tea intake and NMSC risk. We calculated summary relative risk (SRR) and corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI) by using random effects with maximum likelihood estimation. RESULTS Overall, 37,627 NMSC cases from 13 papers were available for analysis. Intake of caffeinated coffee was inversely associated with NMSC risk (SRR for those in the highest vs. lowest category of intake: 0.82, 95 % CI 0.75-0.89, I 2 = 48 %), as well as intake of caffeine (SRR 0.86, 95 % CI 0.80-0.91, I 2 = 48 %). In subgroup analysis, these associations were limited to the basal cell cancer (BCC) histotype. There was no association between intake of decaffeinated coffee (SRR 1.01, 95 % CI 0.85-1.21, I 2 = 0) and tea (0.88, 95 % CI 0.72-1.07, I 2 = 0 %) and NMSC risk. There was no evidence of publication bias affecting the results. The available evidence was not sufficient to draw conclusions on the association between green tea intake and NMSC risk. CONCLUSIONS Coffee intake appears to exert a moderate protective effect against BCC development, probably through the biological effect of caffeine. However, the observational nature of studies included, subject to bias and confounding, suggests taking with caution these results that should be verified in randomized clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Caini
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), Via delle Oblate 2, 50139, Florence, Italy.
| | - Maria Sofia Cattaruzza
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Benedetta Bendinelli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), Via delle Oblate 2, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulio Tosti
- Division of Dermatoncological Surgery, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), Via delle Oblate 2, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Patrizia Gnagnarella
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Melania Assedi
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), Via delle Oblate 2, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Ignazio Stanganelli
- Skin Cancer Unit, Scientific Institute of Romagna for the Study and Treatment of Cancer, IRCSS, IRST, Meldola, Italy
| | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), Via delle Oblate 2, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Gandini
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
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Singh NA, Mandal AKA, Khan ZA. Potential neuroprotective properties of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Nutr J 2016; 15:60. [PMID: 27268025 PMCID: PMC4897892 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-016-0179-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) enforce an overwhelming social and economic burden on society. They are primarily characterized through the accumulation of modified proteins, which further trigger biological responses such as inflammation, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity and modulation of signalling pathways. In a hope for cure, these diseases have been studied extensively over the last decade to successfully develop symptom-oriented therapies. However, so far no definite cure has been found. Therefore, there is a need to identify a class of drug capable of reversing neural damage and preventing further neural death. This review therefore assesses the reliability of the neuroprotective benefits of epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG) by shedding light on their biological, pharmacological, antioxidant and metal chelation properties, with emphasis on their ability to invoke a range of cellular mechanisms in the brain. It also discusses the possible use of nanotechnology to enhance the neuroprotective benefits of EGCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Atulkumar Singh
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abul Kalam Azad Mandal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Zaved Ahmed Khan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research, Adesh University, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
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Patwardhan J, Bhatt P. Flavonoids Derived from Abelmoschus esculentus Attenuates UV-B Induced Cell Damage in Human Dermal Fibroblasts Through Nrf2-ARE Pathway. Pharmacogn Mag 2016; 12:S129-38. [PMID: 27279697 PMCID: PMC4883069 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.182175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation is a smaller fraction of the total radiation reaching the Earth but leads to extensive damage to the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and other biomolecules through formation of free radicals altering redox homeostasis of the cell. Abelmoschus esculentus (okra) has been known in Ayurveda as antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, demulscent, antispasmodic, diuretic, purgative, etc. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the protective effect of flavonoids from A. esculentus against UV-B-induced cell damage in human dermal fibroblasts. Materials and Methods: UV-B protective activity of ethyl acetate (EA) fraction of okra was studied against UV-B-induced cytotoxicity, antioxidant regulation, oxidative DNA damage, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, apoptotic morphological changes, and regulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene through nuclear factor E2-related factor 2-antioxidant response element (Nrf2-ARE) pathway. Results: Flavonoid-rich EA fraction depicted a significant antioxidant potential also showing presence of rutin. Pretreatment of cells with EA fraction (10–30 μg/ml) prevented UV-B-induced cytotoxicity, depletion of endogenous enzymatic antioxidants, oxidative DNA damage, intracellular ROS production, apoptotic changes, and overexpression of Nrf2 and HO-1. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated for the 1st time that EA fraction of okra may reduce oxidative stress through Nrf2-ARE pathway as well as through endogenous enzymatic antioxidant system. These results suggested that flavonoids from okra may be considered as potential UV-B protective agents and may also be formulated into herbal sunscreen for topical application. SUMMARY Flavonoid-enriched ethyl acetate (EA) fraction from A. esculentus protected against ultraviolet-B (UV-B)-induced oxidative DNA damage EA fraction prevented UV-B-induced cytotoxicity, depletion of endogenous enzymatic antioxidants, and intracellular reactive oxygen species production EA fraction could reduce oxidative stress through the Nrf2-ARE Pathway EA fraction was found to be nongenotoxic and prevented apoptotic changes.
HIGHLIGHTS Flavonoids from Abelmoschus esculentus protected from ultraviolet-B-induced damage They were capable of reducing oxidative stress through Nrf2-ARE Pathway They are nongenotoxic and do not possess mutagenic potential Flavonoids from A. esculentus can be studied and explored further for its topical application as sunscreen.
Abbreviations used: ABTS: 2,2’-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline -6-sulphonic acid), AO: Acridine orange, ANOVA: Analysis of variance, ARE: Antioxidant response elements, BSA: Bovine serum albumin, CAPE: Caffeic acid phenethyl ester, CAT: Catalase, DCFH-DA: 2’,7’-dichlorofluorescein diacetate, DMEM: Dulbecco's modified eagle's medium, DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide, DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid, DPBS: Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline, DPPH: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl, ECL: Enhanced chemiluminescence, EDTA: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, ELISA: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, EtBr: Ethidium bromide, FBS: Fetal bovine serum, FE Fraction: Flavonoid-enriched fraction, FRAP: Ferric reducing antioxidant power, GPx: Glutathione peroxidase, GR: Glutathione reductase, GST: Glutathione-S-transferase, GSH: Reduced glutathione, GSSG: Oxidized glutathione, HDF: Human dermal fibroblast adult cells, HEPES: 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulphonic acid, HRP: Horseradish peroxidase, HO-1: Heme oxygenase-1, HPTLC: High-performance thin layer chromatography, Keap-1: Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1, MTT: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, NaCl: sodium chloride, NFDM: nonfat dry milk, Nrf2: Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2, NQO1: NAD (P) H: Quinine oxidoreductase 1, OH: Hydroxyl ions, PBST: Phosphate-buffered saline with 0.1% tween 20, PCR: Polymerase chain reaction, PMSF: Phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride, Rf: Retention factor, ROS: Reactive oxygen species, rRNA: Ribosomal ribonucleic acid, SDS: Sodium dodecyl sulfate, SOD: Superoxide dismutase, TLC: Thin layer chromatography, TLC-DPPH: Thin layer chromatography-2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl, UV: Ultraviolet, UV-A: Ultraviolet-A, UV-B: Ultraviolet-B, UV-C: Ultraviolet-C, qPCR: Quantitative polymerase chain reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Juilee Patwardhan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, NMIMS (Deemed-to-be) University, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Purvi Bhatt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, NMIMS (Deemed-to-be) University, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Patwardhan J, Bhatt P. Ultraviolet-B Protective Effect of Flavonoids from Eugenia caryophylata on Human Dermal Fibroblast Cells. Pharmacogn Mag 2016; 11:S397-406. [PMID: 26929573 PMCID: PMC4745209 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.168979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The exposure of skin to ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiations leads to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage and can induce production of free radicals which imbalance the redox status of the cell and lead to increased oxidative stress. Clove has been traditionally used for its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-viral, and antiseptic effects. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the UV-B protective activity of flavonoids from Eugenia caryophylata (clove) buds on human dermal fibroblast cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Protective ability of flavonoid-enriched (FE) fraction of clove was studied against UV-B induced cytotoxicity, anti-oxidant regulation, oxidative DNA damage, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, apoptotic morphological changes, and regulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene through nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 antioxidant response element (Nrf2 ARE) pathway. RESULTS FE fraction showed a significant antioxidant potential. Pretreatment of cells with FE fraction (10-40 μg/ml) reversed the effects of UV-B induced cytotoxicity, depletion of endogenous enzymatic antioxidants, oxidative DNA damage, intracellular ROS production, apoptotic changes, and overexpression of Nrf2 and HO-1. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated for the first time that the FE fraction from clove could confer UV-B protection probably through the Nrf2-ARE pathway, which included the down-regulation of Nrf2 and HO-1. These findings suggested that the flavonoids from clove could potentially be considered as UV-B protectants and can be explored further for its topical application to the area of the skin requiring protection. SUMMARY Pretreatment of human dermal fibroblast with flavonoid-enriched fraction of Eugenia caryophylata attenuated effects of ultraviolet-B radiationsIt also conferred protection through nuclear factor E2-related factor 2-antioxidant response pathway and increased tolerance of cells against oxidative stressFlavonoid-enriched fraction can be explored further for topical application to the skin as a ultraviolet-B protectant. Abbreviations used: ABTS: 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline- 6-sulphonic acid), AO: Acridine orange, ANOVA Analysis of variance, ARE: Antioxidant response elements, BSA: Bovine serum albumin, CAPE: Caffeic acid phenethyl ester, CAT: Catalase, DCFH-DA: 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate, DMEM: Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium, DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide, DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid, DPBS: Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline, DPPH: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, ECL: Enhanced chemiluminescence, EDTA: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, ELISA: Enzyme-linked immunesorbent assay, EtBr: Ethidium bromide, FBS: Fetal bovine serum, FE fraction: Flavonoid-enriched fraction, FRAP: Ferric reducing antioxidant power, GPx: Glutathione peroxidase, GR: Glutathione reductase, GST: Glutathione-S-transferase, GSH: Reduced glutathione, GSSG: Oxidized glutathione, HDF: Human dermal fibroblast, HEPES: 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulphonic acid, HRP: Horseradish peroxidase, HO-1: Heme oxygenase-1, HPTLC: High-performance thin layer chromatography, Keap-1: Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1, MTT: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, NaCl: Sodium chloride, NFDM: Nonfat dry milk, Nrf2: Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2, NQO1: NAD (P) H: Quinine oxidoreductase 1, OH: Hydroxyl ions, PBST: Phosphate buffered saline with 0.1% tween 20, PCR: Polymerase chain reaction, PMSF: Phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride, Rf: Retention factor, ROS: Reactive oxygen species, rRNA: Ribosomal ribonucleic acid, SDS: Sodium dodecyl sulfate, SOD: Superoxide dismutase, TLC: Thin layer chromatography, TLC-DPPH: Thin layer chromatography-2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, UV: Ultraviolet, UV-A: Ultraviolet-A, UV-B: Ultraviolet-B, UV-C: Ultraviolet-C, and qPCR: Quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juilee Patwardhan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be) University, Mumbai - 400 056, Maharashtra, India
| | - Purvi Bhatt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be) University, Mumbai - 400 056, Maharashtra, India
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Guo Y, Sun J, Ye J, Ma W, Yan H, Wang G. Saussurea tridactyla Sch. Bip.-derived polysaccharides and flavones reduce oxidative damage in ultraviolet B-irradiated HaCaT cells via a p38MAPK-independent mechanism. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:389-403. [PMID: 26855564 PMCID: PMC4725635 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s96581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether Saussurea tridactyla Sch. Bip.-derived polysaccharides and flavones exert apoptosis-inhibiting effects in ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiated HaCaT cells. METHODS We divided HaCaT cells into low radiation UVB and high radiation UVB groups. Low radiation UVB and high radiation UVB groups were further divided into a control group, UVB radiation group (UVB group), S. tridactyla Sch. Bip.-derived polysaccharides and flavones low-dose group, and S. tridactyla Sch. Bip.-derived polysaccharides and flavones high-dose group. Cell viability and morphology were assayed by MTT and trypan blue staining. Superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione content, malondialdehyde content, and catalase activity test kits were used to detect superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione content, malondialdehyde content, and catalase activity, respectively. Cell apoptosis, intracellular Ca(2+) levels, and mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ) were detected by flow cytometry. Protein levels were analyzed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. RESULTS S. tridactyla Sch. Bip.-derived polysaccharides and flavones were found to increase the absorbance of MTT, decrease cell death, alleviate the degree of cell edema, restore the cell morphology, reduce cell death fragments and chip phenomenon, increase superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione content, and catalase activity while decreasing the content of malondialdehyde, lowering the population of apoptotic cells, reducing the intracellular Ca(2+) fluorescence, increasing the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ), increasing the expressions of p-38, p-53, Bcl-2, and decreasing the expressions of Bax and active-caspase-3. CONCLUSION S. tridactyla Sch. Bip.-derived polysaccharides and flavones can reduce cell apoptosis to protect HaCaT cells from oxidative damage after UVB irradiation; however, this effect does not occur via the p38MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Sun
- Department of Anatomy, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Ye
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyu Ma
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, People's Republic of China
| | - Hualing Yan
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, People's Republic of China
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Khamverdi Z, Rezaei-Soufi L, Rostamzadeh T. The Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate on the Dentin Bond Durability of Two Self-etch Adhesives. JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY (SHIRAZ, IRAN) 2015; 16:68-74. [PMID: 26046100 PMCID: PMC4445854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Self-etch adhesives can activate matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) which hydrolyzes organic matrix of demineralized dentin. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), especially found in green tea, could inhibit the activation of MMP. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) into two types of adhesives on dentin bond strength. MATERIALS AND METHOD In this experimental study, 64 extracted third molars were randomly divided into 16 groups. Clearfil SE Bond and Filtek Silorane System with 0 µM, 25µM, 50µM, and 100µM concentration of 95% EGCG were used for bonding. Following the bonding and fabrication of beams (1±0.1 mm(2)) and storage in distilled water, the specimens were subjected to thermal cycles. Microtensile bond strengths of 8 groups were examined after 24 hours and others were tested after 6 months. The fracture modes of specimens were evaluated by stereomicroscope and SEM. Data were analyzed by three-way ANOVA and t-test (α = 0.05). RESULTS The results of the three- way ANOVA test showed that types of bonding, storage time and interactive effect of EGCG concentration and bonding influenced the bond strength of specimens significantly (p<0.05). The results of the t-test indicated that storage time only had significant effect on bond strength of Clearfil SE Bond with no EGCG (p= 0.017). The most common failure modes in Filtek Silorane System groups and Clearfil SE Bond groups were adhesive and mixed/cohesive, respectively. The results of SEM at different magnifications showed that most fractures have occurred in the hybrid layer. CONCLUSION Although adding 100 µM volume of EGCG to Clearfil SE Bond can preserve the dentin bond, incorporation of EGCG in the silorane system, especially in high concentrations, decreases the bond strength after 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Khamverdi
- Dental Research Center, Dept. of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran;
| | - Loghman Rezaei-Soufi
- Dept. of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Gilan University of Medical Sciences,Gilan, Iran;
| | - Tayebeh Rostamzadeh
- Dept. of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Gilan University of Medical Sciences,Gilan, Iran;
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Tea Polyphenols in Parkinson’s Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 863:117-37. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-18365-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Zhu W, Xu J, Ge Y, Cao H, Ge X, Luo J, Xue J, Yang H, Zhang S, Cao J. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) protects skin cells from ionizing radiation via heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) overexpression. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2014; 55:1056-65. [PMID: 24968709 PMCID: PMC4229913 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rru047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major polyphenolic constituent of green tea, is a potent antioxidant and free radical scavenger that may have therapeutic applications for the treatment of many disorders. Radiation therapy is widely used for the treatment of various types of cancers; however, radiation-induced skin injury remains a serious concern. EGCG has not yet been reported as protecting skin cells against ionizing radiation. In the present study, we investigated whether EGCG confers cytoprotection against ionizing radiation. We found that, compared with the control, pretreatment with EGCG significantly enhanced the viability of human skin cells that were irradiated with X-rays, and decreased apoptosis induced by X-ray irradiation. Mito-Tracker assay showed that EGCG suppressed the damage to mitochondria induced by ionizing radiation via upregulation of SOD2. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HaCaT cells were significantly reduced when pretreated with EGCG before irradiation. Radiation-induced γH2AX foci, which are representative of DNA double-strand breaks, were decreased by pretreatment with EGCG. Furthermore, EGCG induced the expression of the cytoprotective molecule heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in a dose-dependent manner via transcriptional activation. HO-1 knockdown or treatment with the HO-1 inhibitor tin protoporphyrin (SnPPIX) reversed the protective role of EGCG, indicating an important role for HO-1. These results suggest that EGCG offers a new strategy for protecting skin against ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jing Xu
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yangyang Ge
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Han Cao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xin Ge
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Judong Luo
- Department of Radiotherapy, Changzhou Tumor Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, 213001, China
| | - Jiao Xue
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hongying Yang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jianping Cao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
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Lorencini M, Brohem CA, Dieamant GC, Zanchin NI, Maibach HI. Active ingredients against human epidermal aging. Ageing Res Rev 2014; 15:100-15. [PMID: 24675046 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The decisive role of the epidermis in maintaining body homeostasis prompted studies to evaluate the changes in epidermal structure and functionality over the lifetime. This development, along with the identification of molecular mechanisms of epidermal signaling, maintenance, and differentiation, points to a need for new therapeutic alternatives to treat and prevent skin aging. In addition to recovering age- and sun-compromised functions, proper treatment of the epidermis has important esthetic implications. This study reviews active ingredients capable of counteracting symptoms of epidermal aging, organized according to the regulation of specific age-affected epidermal functions: (1) several compounds, other than retinoids and derivatives, act on the proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes, supporting the protective barrier against mechanical and chemical insults; (2) natural lipidic compounds, as well as glycerol and urea, are described as agents for maintaining water-ion balance; (3) regulation of immunological pathogen defense can be reinforced by natural extracts and compounds, such as resveratrol; and (4) antioxidant exogenous sources enriched with flavonoids and vitamin C, for example, improve solar radiation protection and epidermal antioxidant activity. The main objective is to provide a functional classification of active ingredients as regulatory elements of epidermal homeostasis, with potential cosmetic and/or dermatological applications.
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Mansuri ML, Parihar P, Solanki I, Parihar MS. Flavonoids in modulation of cell survival signalling pathways. GENES AND NUTRITION 2014; 9:400. [PMID: 24682883 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-014-0400-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids, a family of polyphenols, generally found in various fruits and vegetables, as well as in many plant beverages such as tea, pomegranate juice, raspberry, blueberries, and red wine. Recently, studies on flavonoids have attracted scientific attention as a potential nutritional strategy to prevent a broad range of chronic disorders. Many studies suggest that consumption of these flavonoids in sufficient amount plays neuroprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, and chemopreventive roles. While there has been a major focus on the antioxidant properties, there is an emerging view that flavonoids and their in vivo metabolites do not act only as conventional antioxidants but may also exert modulatory actions on cellular system through direct action on various signalling pathways. These pathways include phosphoinositide 3-kinase, Akt/protein kinase B, mitogen-activated protein kinase, tyrosine kinases, and protein kinase C. Various inhibitory or stimulatory actions of flavonoids on these pathways greatly affect cellular functions by altering the phosphorylation state of targeted molecules. In addition, flavonoids also modulate various gene expressions through activation of various transcription factors. Thus, the present review will bestow a breathing overview regarding the prime role of flavonoids in modulation of survival signalling pathways at cellular system.
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Khamverdi Z, Rezaei-Soufi L, Kasraei S, Ronasi N, Rostami S. Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate on shear bond strength of composite resin to bleached enamel: an in vitro study. Restor Dent Endod 2013; 38:241-7. [PMID: 24303360 PMCID: PMC3843036 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2013.38.4.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the effect of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on the shear bond strength of composite resin to bleached enamel. Materials and Methods Ninety enamel surfaces of maxillary incisors were randomly divided into 9 groups as follows: G1: control (no bleaching); G2: bleaching; G3: bleaching and storage for seven days; G4 - 6: bleaching and application of 600, 800 and 1,000 µmol of EGCG-containing solution for 10 minutes, respectively; G7 - 9: bleaching and application of 600, 800 and 1,000 µmol of EGCG-containing solution for 20 minutes, respectively. The specimens were bleached with 30% hydrogen peroxide gel and a composite resin cylinder was bonded on each specimen using a bonding agent. Shear bond strength of the samples were measured in MPa. Data was analyzed using the two-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests (α = 0.05). Results The maximum and minimum mean shear bond strength values were observed in G1 and G2, respectively. Time and concentration of EGCG showed no significant effects on bond strength of the groups (p > 0.05). Multiple comparison of groups did not reveal any significant differences between the groups except for G2 and all the other groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions There is a significant decrease in bond strength of composite resin to enamel immediately after bleaching. A delay of one week before bonding and the use of EGCG increased bond strength of composite resin to bleached enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Khamverdi
- Dental Research Center, Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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López-García J, Kuceková Z, Humpolíček P, Mlček J, Sáha P. Polyphenolic extracts of edible flowers incorporated onto atelocollagen matrices and their effect on cell viability. Molecules 2013; 18:13435-45. [PMID: 24177700 PMCID: PMC6270546 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181113435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenolic extract of chives flowers (Allium schoenoprasum, Liliaceae), introduced Sage (Salvia pratensis, Lamiaceae), European elderberry (Sambucus nigra, Caprifoliaceae) and common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale, Asteraceae) were characterised by High Performance Liquid Chromatography and incorporated in different concentrations onto atelocollagen thin films. In order to assess the biological impact of these phenolic compounds on cell viability, human immortalised non-tumorigenic keratinocyte cell line was seeded on the thin films and cell proliferation was determined by using an MTT assay. In addition, their antimicrobial activity was estimated by using an agar diffusion test. Data indicated the concomitance between cell viability and concentration of polyphenols. These findings suggest that these phenolic-endowed atelocollagen films might be suitable for tissue engineering applications, on account of the combined activity of polyphenols and collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge López-García
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, nám. T.G.Masaryka-5555, Zlín 76001, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (J.L.-G.); (Z.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Zdenka Kuceková
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, nám. T.G.Masaryka-5555, Zlín 76001, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (J.L.-G.); (Z.K.); (P.S.)
- Polymer Centre, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, T.G.M. sq. 275, Zlin 76272, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Humpolíček
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, nám. T.G.Masaryka-5555, Zlín 76001, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (J.L.-G.); (Z.K.); (P.S.)
- Polymer Centre, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, T.G.M. sq. 275, Zlin 76272, Czech Republic
| | - Jiři Mlček
- Department of Food Analysis and Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, nám. T.G.Masaryka-5555, Zlin 76272, Czech Republic; E-Mail:
| | - Petr Sáha
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, nám. T.G.Masaryka-5555, Zlín 76001, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (J.L.-G.); (Z.K.); (P.S.)
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Shin SW, Jung E, Kim S, Kim JH, Kim EG, Lee J, Park D. Antagonizing effects and mechanisms of afzelin against UVB-induced cell damage. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61971. [PMID: 23626759 PMCID: PMC3633960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation induces DNA damage, oxidative stress, and inflammatory processes in human keratinocytes, resulting in skin inflammation, photoaging, and photocarcinogenesis. Adequate protection of skin against the harmful effects of UV irradiation is essential. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the protective effects of afzelin, one of the flavonoids, against UV irradiation in human keratinocytes and epidermal equivalent models. Spectrophotometric measurements revealed that the afzelin extinction maxima were in the UVB and UVA range, and UV transmission below 376 nm was <10%, indicating UV-absorbing activity of afzelin. In the phototoxicity assay using the 3T3 NRU phototoxicity test (3T3-NRU-PT), afzelin presented a tendency to no phototoxic potential. In addition, in order to investigate cellular functions of afzelin itself, cells were treated with afzelin after UVB irradiation. In human keratinocyte, afzelin effectively inhibited the UVB-mediated increase in lipid peroxidation and the formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers. Afzelin also inhibited UVB-induced cell death in human keratinocytes by inhibiting intrinsic apoptotic signaling. Furthermore, afzelin showed inhibitory effects on UVB-induced release of pro-inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and prostaglandin-E2 in human keratinocytes by interfering with the p38 kinase pathway. Using an epidermal equivalent model exposed to UVB radiation, anti-apoptotic activity of afzelin was also confirmed together with a photoprotective effect at the morphological level. Taken together, our results suggest that afzelin has several cellular activities such as DNA-protective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory as well as UV-absorbing activity and may protect human skin from UVB-induced damage by a combination of UV-absorbing and cellular activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoung Woo Shin
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Seoungnam City, Gyunggi Do, Korea
| | - Eunsun Jung
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Seoungnam City, Gyunggi Do, Korea
| | - Seungbeom Kim
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Seoungnam City, Gyunggi Do, Korea
| | - Jang-Hyun Kim
- Dermiskin Life Science Institute, Pyeongtaek City, Gyunggi Do, Korea
| | - Eui-Gyun Kim
- ChiroChem Co., Ltd. Hannam University Science Park, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jongsung Lee
- Department of Dermatological Health Management, Eulji University, Seongnam, Korea
- * E-mail: (JL); (DP)
| | - Deokhoon Park
- Biospectrum Life Science Institute, Seoungnam City, Gyunggi Do, Korea
- * E-mail: (JL); (DP)
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Kozina LS, Borzova IV, Arutiunov VA, Ryzhak GA. Role of oxidative stress in skin aging. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079057013010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Photo-protective properties of Lomentaria hakodatensis yendo against ultraviolet B radiation-induced keratinocyte damage. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-012-0336-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Perde-Schrepler M, Chereches G, Brie I, Tatomir C, Postescu ID, Soran L, Filip A. Grape seed extract as photochemopreventive agent against UVB-induced skin cancer. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2012.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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González R, Ballester I, López-Posadas R, Suárez MD, Zarzuelo A, Martínez-Augustin O, Sánchez de Medina F. Effects of flavonoids and other polyphenols on inflammation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2011; 51:331-62. [PMID: 21432698 DOI: 10.1080/10408390903584094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a family of polyphenolic compounds which are widespread in nature (vegetables) and are consumed as part of the human diet in significant amounts. There are other types of polyphenols, including, for example, tannins and resveratrol. Flavonoids and related polyphenolic compounds have significant antiinflammatory activity, among others. This short review summarizes the current knowledge on the effects of flavonoids and related polyphenolic compounds on inflammation, with a focus on structural requirements, the mechanisms involved, and pharmacokinetic considerations. Different molecular (cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase) and cellular targets (macrophages, lymphocytes, epithelial cells, endothelium) have been identified. In addition, many flavonoids display significant antioxidant/radical scavenging properties. There is substantial structural variation in these compounds, which is bound to have an impact on their biological profile, and specifically on their effects on inflammatory conditions. However, in general terms there is substantial consistency in the effects of these compounds despite considerable structural variations. The mechanisms have been studied mainly in myeloid cells, where the predominant effect is an inhibition of NF-κB signaling and the downregulation of the expression of proinflammatory markers. At present there is a gap in knowledge of in vitro and in vivo effects, although the pharmacokinetics of flavonoids has advanced considerably in the last decade. Many flavonoids have been studied for their intestinal antiinflammatory activity which is only logical, since the gastrointestinal tract is naturally exposed to them. However, their potential therapeutic application in inflammation is not restricted to this organ and extends to other sites and conditions, including arthritis, asthma, encephalomyelitis, and atherosclerosis, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- R González
- Department of Pharmacology, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Regalado EL, Rodríguez M, Menéndez R, Fernandez X, Hernández I, Morales RA, Fernández MD, Thomas OP, Pino JA, Concepción AR, Laguna A. Photoprotecting action and phytochemical analysis of a multiple radical scavenger lipophilic fraction obtained from the leaf of the seagrass Thalassia testudinum. Photochem Photobiol 2011; 87:1058-66. [PMID: 21615743 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2011.00945.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The apolar fraction F1 of Thalassia testudinum was chemically characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, which led to the identification of 43 metabolites, all of them reported for the first time in the genus Thalassia. More than 80% of the F1 composition was constituted by aromatic metabolites including the major components 1,1-bis(p-tolyl)ethane (6.0%), 4,4'-diisopropylbiphenyl (4.8%) and a 1,1-bis(p-tolyl)ethane isomer (4.7%). This lipophilic fraction was assayed for its antioxidant effects and skin protective action. In vitro assays showed that F1 strongly scavenged DPPH* (IC(50) 312.0 ± 8.0 μg mL(-1)), hydroxyl (IC(50) 23.8 ± 0.5 μg mL(-1)) and peroxyl radical (IC(50) 6.6 ± 0.3 μg mL(-1) ), as well as superoxide anion (IC(50) 50.0 ± 0.7 μg mL(-1)). Also, F1 markedly inhibited the spontaneous lipid peroxidation (LPO) in brain homogenates (IC(50) 93.0 ± 6.0 μg mL(-1)) and the LPS-stimulated nitrite generation on RAW624.7 macrophages (58.6 ± 3.2%, 400 μg mL(-1)). In agreement with these findings, its topical application at 250 and 500 μg cm(-2) strikingly reduced skin damage on mice exposed to acute UVB radiation by 45% and 70%, respectively and significantly attenuated the LPO developed following the first 48 h after acute exposure to UVB irradiation, as manifested by the decreased malondialdehide level and by the increased of reduced gluthatione content. Our results suggest that F1 may contribute to skin repair by attenuating oxidative stress due to its antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik L Regalado
- Center of Marine Bioproducts, Alturas del Vedado, Havana, Cuba.
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Wölfle U, Esser PR, Simon-Haarhaus B, Martin SF, Lademann J, Schempp CM. UVB-induced DNA damage, generation of reactive oxygen species, and inflammation are effectively attenuated by the flavonoid luteolin in vitro and in vivo. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 50:1081-93. [PMID: 21281711 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Revised: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation induces DNA damage, oxidative stress, and inflammatory processes in human keratinocytes resulting in skin inflammation, photoaging, and photocarcinogenesis. The flavonoid luteolin is one of the most potent antioxidative plant polyphenols. We investigated the UV protective and antioxidant properties of luteolin in human keratinocytes in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. Spectrophotometric measurements revealed extinction maxima of luteolin in the UVB and UVA range. UV transmission below 370 nm was <10%. In human skin, luteolin effectively reduced the formation of UVB-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers. The free radical scavenging activity of luteolin was assessed in various cell-free and cell-based assays. In the cell-free DPPH assay the half-maximal effective concentration (EC₅₀) of luteolin (12 μg/ml) was comparable to those of Trolox (25 μg/ml) and N-acetylcysteine (32 μg/ml). In contrast, in the H₂DCFDA assay performed with UVB-irradiated keratinocytes, luteolin (EC₅₀ 3 μg/ml) was much more effective compared to Trolox (EC₅₀ 12 μg/ml) and N-acetylcysteine (EC₅₀ 847 μg/ml). Luteolin also inhibited both UVB-induced skin erythema and the upregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin E₂ production in human skin via interference with the MAPK pathway. These data suggest that luteolin may protect human skin from UVB-induced damage by a combination of UV-absorbing, DNA-protective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Wölfle
- Competence Center skintegral, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Freiburg, D-79102 Freiburg, Germany.
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Schmidt CA, Murillo R, Bruhn T, Bringmann G, Goettert M, Heinzmann B, Brecht V, Laufer SA, Merfort I. Catechin derivatives from Parapiptadenia rigida with in vitro wound-healing properties. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2010; 73:2035-2041. [PMID: 21080642 DOI: 10.1021/np100523s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of the ethanolic extract of the bark from Parapiptadenia rigida resulted in the isolation of the new catechin derivatives 4',3''-di-O-methylapocynin-D (10), 4',3''-di-O-methylapocynin-B (11), epigallocatechin-3-O-ferulate (8), and 4'-O-methylepigallocatechin-3-O-ferulate (9) and the catechins 4'-O-methylepigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (6) and 4'-O-methylepicatechin-3-O-gallate (7). These compounds, isolated for the first time from a natural source, are accompanied by the five known catechins 4'-O-methylgallocatechin (1), 4'-O-methylepigallocatechin (2), 3'-O-methylepicatechin (3), epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (4), and epicatechin-3-O-gallate (5). Compounds 5 and 7 displayed promising wound-healing effects in a scratch assay. Some of the catechin derivatives showed inhibitory effects on NF-κB DNA binding and p38α MAPK activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleber A Schmidt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
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Aristatile B, Al-Numair KS, Al-Assaf AH, Veeramani C, Pugalendi KV. Protective Effect of Carvacrol on Oxidative Stress and Cellular DNA Damage Induced by UVB Irradiation in Human Peripheral Lymphocytes. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2010; 29:497-507. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.20355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2010] [Revised: 03/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Balakrishnan Aristatile
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science; King Saud University; P.O. Box 2460 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid S. Al-Numair
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences; King Saud University; P.O. Box 10219 Riyadh 11433 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah. H. Al-Assaf
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science; King Saud University; P.O. Box 2460 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Chinnadurai Veeramani
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science; Annamalai University; Annamalainagar 608 002 India
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Saraf S, Kaur CD. Phytoconstituents as photoprotective novel cosmetic formulations. Pharmacogn Rev 2010; 4:1-11. [PMID: 22228936 PMCID: PMC3249896 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.65319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Revised: 02/20/2010] [Accepted: 07/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoconstituents are gaining popularity as ingredients in cosmetic formulations as they can protect the skin against exogenous and endogenous harmful agents and can help remedy many skin conditions. Exposure of skin to sunlight and other atmospheric conditions causes the production of reactive oxygen species, which can react with DNA, proteins, and fatty acids, causing oxidative damage and impairment of antioxidant system. Such injuries damage regulation pathways of skin and lead to photoaging and skin cancer development. The effects of aging include wrinkles, roughness, appearance of fine lines, lack of elasticity, and de- or hyperpigmentation marks. Herbal extracts act on these areas and produce healing, softening, rejuvenating, and sunscreen effects. We have selected a few photoprotective phytoconstituents, such as curcumin, resveratrol, tea polyphenols, silymarin, quercetin and ascorbic acid, and have discussed the considerations to be undertaken for the development of herbal cosmetic formulations that could reduce the occurrence of skin cancer and delay the process of photoaging. This article is aimed at providing specific and compiled knowledge for the successful preparation of photoprotective herbal cosmetic formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Saraf
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur (C.G.) - 492 010, India
| | - C. D. Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur (C.G.) - 492 010, India
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Skin photoprotection by natural polyphenols: anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and DNA repair mechanisms. Arch Dermatol Res 2009; 302:71-83. [PMID: 19898857 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-009-1001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 592] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2009] [Revised: 10/15/2009] [Accepted: 10/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory studies have implicated solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation in various skin diseases including, premature aging of the skin and melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. Chronic UV radiation exposure-induced skin diseases or skin disorders are caused by the excessive induction of inflammation, oxidative stress and DNA damage, etc. The use of chemopreventive agents, such as plant polyphenols, to inhibit these events in UV-exposed skin is gaining attention. Chemoprevention refers to the use of agents that can inhibit, reverse or retard the process of these harmful events in the UV-exposed skin. A wide variety of polyphenols or phytochemicals, most of which are dietary supplements, have been reported to possess substantial skin photoprotective effects. This review article summarizes the photoprotective effects of some selected polyphenols, such as green tea polyphenols, grape seed proanthocyanidins, resveratrol, silymarin and genistein, on UV-induced skin inflammation, oxidative stress and DNA damage, etc., with a focus on mechanisms underlying the photoprotective effects of these polyphenols. The laboratory studies conducted in animal models suggest that these polyphenols have the ability to protect the skin from the adverse effects of UV radiation, including the risk of skin cancers. It is suggested that polyphenols may favorably supplement sunscreens protection, and may be useful for skin diseases associated with solar UV radiation-induced inflammation, oxidative stress and DNA damage.
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Chiu TM, Huang CC, Lin TJ, Fang JY, Wu NL, Hung CF. In vitro and in vivo anti-photoaging effects of an isoflavone extract from soybean cake. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 126:108-13. [PMID: 19679176 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2008] [Revised: 06/22/2009] [Accepted: 07/31/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Soy has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years for its health and nutritional benefits, as well as to treat and care for the skin. Advanced skin care research has shown that soy isoflavone and genistein are effective in reducing damage to the skin from the sun. AIM OF THE STUDY To study the protective effects of isoflavone extract from soybean cake against the UVB-induced skin damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS The in vitro effects and possible mechanisms of soybean extract on UVB protection were determined in HaCaT cells. In the in vivo study, ICR-Foxn/(nu) mice were irradiated with UVB. The epidermal thickness, catalase and the expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were detected to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the isoflavone extract. RESULTS Our in vitro studies showed that UVB-induced HaCaT cell death and the phosphorylation of p38, JNK, and ERK1/2 decreased in the presence of isoflavone extract. In the in vivo studies, we found that the topical application of isoflavone extract before UVB irritation decreased the epidermal thickness and the expressions of COX-2 and PCNA and increased catalase concentration. These results showed anti-photoaging effect of isoflavone extract from soybean cake involved the inhibition of UVB-induced apoptosis and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS It is shown that isoflavone extract from soybean cake may be functional cosmeceutical candidate for skin photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsu-Man Chiu
- Department of Dermatology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua Hsien, Taiwan, ROC
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Huang JH, Huang CC, Fang JY, Yang C, Chan CM, Wu NL, Kang SW, Hung CF. Protective effects of myricetin against ultraviolet-B-induced damage in human keratinocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2009; 24:21-8. [PMID: 19778600 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2008] [Revised: 03/28/2009] [Accepted: 09/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Myricetin is a flavonoid similar to quercetin, which is commonly found in natural foods such as berries, vegetables, teas, wine, and herbs. It is considered to be an antioxidant which is capable of quenching photoaging-causing free radicals within the skin. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying protective effect of myricetin on ultraviolet-B (UVB)-induced damage to keratinocytes. We found that myricetin concentration-dependently attenuated UVB-induced keratinocyte death as determined by a cell viability assay. Pretreatment with myricetin also reduced the UVB-induced malondialdehyde level. Moreover, UVB-induced H(2)O(2) generation in keratinocytes was inhibited by myricetin according to flow cytometry, suggesting that myricetin can act as a free radical scavenger when keratinocytes experience photodamage. Furthermore, UVB-induced activation of c-jun-NH(2) terminal kinase (JNK) in keratinocytes was inhibited by myricetin. UVB-induced pre-G(1) phase arrest leading to apoptotic changes in keratinocytes was blocked by myricetin. Taken together, the protective mechanisms of keratinocyte by myricetin against UVB-induced photodamage occur by the inhibition of UVB-induced intracellular hydrogen peroxide production, lipid peroxidation and JNK activation. Therefore, myricetin is suitable for further development as an anti-aging agent for skin care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jheng-Hua Huang
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taipei Hsien, Taiwan
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Hosokawa Y, Hosokawa I, Ozaki K, Nakanishi T, Nakae H, Matsuo T. Catechins inhibit CXCL10 production from oncostatin M-stimulated human gingival fibroblasts. J Nutr Biochem 2009; 21:659-64. [PMID: 19616927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2008] [Revised: 04/06/2009] [Accepted: 04/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
CXC chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) plays a pivotal role in the recruitment of Th1 cells and, thus, in the development of periodontal disease. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and epicatechin gallate (ECG), the major catechins derived from green tea, have multiple beneficial effects, but the effects of catechins on CXCL10 production from human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) is not known. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms by which EGCG and ECG inhibit oncostatin M (OSM)-induced CXCL10 production in HGFs. HGFs constitutively expressed glycoprotein 130 and OSM receptor beta (OSMR beta), which are OSM receptors. OSM increased CXCL10 production in a concentration-dependent manner. EGCG and ECG prevented OSM-mediated CXCL10 production by HGFs. Inhibitors of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 decreased OSM-induced CXCL10 production. EGCG significantly prevented OSM-induced phosphorylation of JNK, Akt (Ser473) and STAT3 (Tyr705 and Ser727). ECG prevented phosphorylation of JNK and Akt (Ser473). In addition, EGCG and ECG attenuated OSMR beta expression on HGFs. These data provide a novel mechanism through which the green tea flavonoids, catechins, can provide direct benefits in periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Hosokawa
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan.
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Jeong JB, Ju SY, Park JH, Lee JR, Yun KW, Kwon ST, Lim JH, Chung GY, Jeong HJ. Antioxidant activity in essential oils of Cnidium officinale makino and Ligusticum chuanxiong hort and their inhibitory effects on DNA damage and apoptosis induced by ultraviolet B in mammalian cell. Cancer Epidemiol 2009; 33:41-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2009.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2008] [Revised: 11/14/2008] [Accepted: 04/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ramachandran S, Prasad NR. Effect of ursolic acid, a triterpenoid antioxidant, on ultraviolet-B radiation-induced cytotoxicity, lipid peroxidation and DNA damage in human lymphocytes. Chem Biol Interact 2008; 176:99-107. [PMID: 18793624 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2008.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2008] [Revised: 08/08/2008] [Accepted: 08/11/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB, 280-320) radiation induces the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the biological system. In this study, we examined the protective effect of ursolic acid on UVB-induced lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage with reference to alterations in cellular antioxidant status in human lymphocytes. Series of in vitro tests (hydroxyl radical, superoxide, nitric oxide, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays) demonstrates antioxidant property of ursolic acid in our study. Treatment of lymphocytes with ursolic acid alone (at 10 microg/mL) gave no significant change in cell viability, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARSs), lipid hydroperoxides (LHPs), % tail DNA and tail moment when compared with normal lymphocytes. UVB-exposure significantly increased TBARS, LHP and % tail DNA, tail moment; decreased % cell viability and antioxidant status in irradiated lymphocytes. Treatment with ursolic acid 30 min prior to UVB-exposure resulted in a significant decline of TBARS, LHP, % tail DNA and tail moment and increased % cell viability as ursolic acid concentration increased. Based on our results we conclude that ursolic acid, a dietary antioxidant, mediates its protective effect through modulation of UVB-induced reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ramachandran
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Chidambaram, Tamilnadu, India
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