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Ed-Dra A, Abdallah EM, Sulieman AME, Anarghou H. Harnessing medicinal plant compounds for the control of Campylobacter in foods: a comprehensive review. Vet Res Commun 2024:10.1007/s11259-024-10455-4. [PMID: 38954256 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10455-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Campylobacter is a major foodborne and zoonotic pathogen, causing severe human infections and imposing a substantial economic burden on global public health. The ongoing spread and emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains across various fields exacerbate therapeutic challenges, raising the incidence of diseases and fatalities. Medicinal plants, renowned for their abundance in secondary metabolites, exhibit proven efficacy in inhibiting various foodborne and zoonotic pathogens, presenting sustainable alternatives to ensure food safety. This review aims to synthesize recent insights from peer-reviewed journals on the epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter species, elucidate the in vitro antibacterial activity of medicinal plant compounds against Campylobacter by delineating underlying mechanisms, and explore the application of these compounds in controlling Campylobacter in food. Additionally, we discuss recent advancements and future prospects of employing medicinal plant compounds in food products to mitigate foodborne pathogens, particularly Campylobacter. In conclusion, we argue that medicinal plant compounds can be used as effective and sustainable sources for developing new antimicrobial alternatives to counteract the dissemination of MDR Campylobacter strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Ed-Dra
- Laboratory of Engineering and Applied Technologies, Higher School of Technology, M'ghila Campus, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, 23000, Morocco.
- Team of Microbiology and Health, Laboratory of Chemistry-Biology Applied to the Environment, Faculty of Science, Moulay Ismail University, Zitoune, Meknes, 50000, Morocco.
| | - Emad M Abdallah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Qassim University, Qassim, 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Persiaran Perdana BBN, Putra Nilai, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, 71800, Malaysia
| | | | - Hammou Anarghou
- Biological Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, 23000, Morocco
- High Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques Dakhla Annex, Dakhla, Morocco
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Buiatte ABG, Souza SSR, Costa LRM, Peres PABM, de Melo RT, Sommerfeld S, Fonseca BB, Zac Soligno NI, Ikhimiukor OO, Armendaris PM, Andam CP, Rossi DA. Five centuries of genome evolution and multi-host adaptation of Campylobacter jejuni in Brazil. Microb Genom 2024; 10. [PMID: 39028633 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Consumption of raw, undercooked or contaminated animal food products is a frequent cause of Campylobacter jejuni infection. Brazil is the world's third largest producer and a major exporter of chicken meat, yet population-level genomic investigations of C. jejuni in the country remain scarce. Analysis of 221 C. jejuni genomes from Brazil shows that the overall core and accessory genomic features of C. jejuni are influenced by the identity of the human or animal source. Of the 60 sequence types detected, ST353 is the most prevalent and consists of samples from chicken and human sources. Notably, we identified the presence of diverse bla genes from the OXA-61 and OXA-184 families that confer beta-lactam resistance as well as the operon cmeABCR related to multidrug efflux pump, which contributes to resistance against tetracyclines, macrolides and quinolones. Based on limited data, we estimated the most recent common ancestor of ST353 to the late 1500s, coinciding with the time the Portuguese first arrived in Brazil and introduced domesticated chickens into the country. We identified at least two instances of ancestral chicken-to-human infections in ST353. The evolution of C. jejuni in Brazil was driven by the confluence of clinically relevant genetic elements, multi-host adaptation and clonal population growth that coincided with major socio-economic changes in poultry farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beatriz Garcez Buiatte
- Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Stephanie S R Souza
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Roberta Torres de Melo
- Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Simone Sommerfeld
- Infectious Disease Laboratory, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Nicole I Zac Soligno
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Odion O Ikhimiukor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Paulo Marcel Armendaris
- Federal Agriculture Defense Laboratory/RS - LFDA/RS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cheryl P Andam
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Daise Aparecida Rossi
- Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Alves JS, de Moura Souza R, Lima Moreira JPD, Gonzalez AGM. Antimicrobial resistance of Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus spp. isolated from raw cow's milk from healthy, clinical and subclinical mastitis udders. Prev Vet Med 2024; 227:106205. [PMID: 38678816 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Mastitis is the most common disease of dairy cattle and can be manifested in clinical and subclinical forms. The overuse of antimicrobials in the treatment and prevention of mastitis favours antimicrobial resistance and milk can be a potential route of dissemination. This study aimed to evaluate the biological quality of bulk tank milk (BTM) and the microbiological quality and signs of mastitis of freshly milked raw milk. In addition, to evaluate antimicrobial resistance in Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus spp. isolated from freshly milked raw milk. None of the farms were within the official Brazilian biological quality limits for BTM. Freshly milked raw milk with signs of clinical (CMM), subclinical (SCMM) and no signs (MFM) of mastitis were detected in 6.67%, 27.62% and 65.71% samples, respectively. Most samples of freshly milked raw milk showed acceptable microbiological quality, when evaluating the indicators total coliforms (78.10%), Escherichia coli (88.57%) and Staphylococcus aureus (100%). Klebsiella oxytoca and S. aureus were the most prevalent microorganisms in SCMM and MFM samples. Antimicrobial resistance and multidrug resistance (MDR) were observed in 65.12% and 13.95% of Enterobacteriaceae and 84.31% and 5.88% of Staphylococcus spp., respectively, isolated from both SCMM and MFM samples. Enterobacteriaceae resistant to third-generation cephalosporin (3GCR) (6.98%) and carbapenems (CRE) (6.98%) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) (4.88%) were observed. Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria can spread resistance genes to previously susceptible bacteria. This is a problem that affects animal, human and environmental health and should be evaluated within the one-health concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Souza Alves
- Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Bromatology, Hygiene and Food Microbiology Laboratory, 24241-000, Brazil
| | - Rossiane de Moura Souza
- Agricultural Research Company of the State of Rio de Janeiro (PESAGRO-RIO), State Centre for Research in Animal Health, Biotechnology Laboratory, 24120-191, Brazil
| | - Jessica Pronestino de Lima Moreira
- Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Bromatology, Hygiene and Food Microbiology Laboratory, 24241-000, Brazil
| | - Alice Gonçalves Martins Gonzalez
- Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Bromatology, Hygiene and Food Microbiology Laboratory, 24241-000, Brazil.
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Miao S, Yin J, Liu S, Zhu Q, Liao C, Jiang G. Maternal-Fetal Exposure to Antibiotics: Levels, Mother-to-Child Transmission, and Potential Health Risks. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:8117-8134. [PMID: 38701366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c02018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Due to its widespread applications in various fields, antibiotics are continuously released into the environment and ultimately enter the human body through diverse routes. Meanwhile, the unreasonable use of antibiotics can also lead to a series of adverse outcomes. Pregnant women and developing fetuses are more susceptible to the influence of external chemicals than adults. The evaluation of antibiotic exposure levels through questionnaire surveys or prescriptions in medical records and biomonitoring-based data shows that antibiotics are frequently prescribed and used by pregnant women around the world. Antibiotics may be transmitted from mothers to their offspring through different pathways, which then adversely affect the health of offspring. However, there has been no comprehensive review on antibiotic exposure and mother-to-child transmission in pregnant women so far. Herein, we summarized the exposure levels of antibiotics in pregnant women and fetuses, the exposure routes of antibiotics to pregnant women, and related influencing factors. In addition, we scrutinized the potential mechanisms and factors influencing the transfer of antibiotics from mother to fetus through placental transmission, and explored the adverse effects of maternal antibiotic exposure on fetal growth and development, neonatal gut microbiota, and subsequent childhood health. Given the widespread use of antibiotics and the health threats posed by their exposure, it is necessary to comprehensively track antibiotics in pregnant women and fetuses in the future, and more in-depth biological studies are needed to reveal and verify the mechanisms of mother-to-child transmission, which is crucial for accurately quantifying and evaluating fetal health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jia Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunyang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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da Silva SKSM, Fuentes-Castillo DA, Ewbank AC, Sacristán C, Catão-Dias JL, Sevá AP, Lincopan N, Deem SL, Feitosa LCS, Catenacci LS. ESBL-Producing Enterobacterales at the Human-Domestic Animal-Wildlife Interface: A One Health Approach to Antimicrobial Resistance in Piauí, Northeastern Brazil. Vet Sci 2024; 11:195. [PMID: 38787167 PMCID: PMC11125940 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11050195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The use, misuse, and overuse of antimicrobials is one of the main public health threats of the 21st century. We investigated the risk factor of the presence of extended-spectrum, cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales in feces of non-domestic and domestic birds and other domestic animals in Piauí State, northeast Brazil. We collected a total of 387 cloacal and rectal swab samples of free-living birds, domestic birds, and domestic mammals in five municipalities: Amarante, Água Branca, Lagoa Alegre, Parnaíba, and Teresina. A total of 59/387 (15.2%) of these samples harbored extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales. Using the MALDI-TOF technique, we identified fifty-seven samples as Escherichia coli and two samples as Klebsiella pneumoniae. Teresina and Parnaíba had the highest prevalence of animals with resistant bacteria (32.1% and 27.1%, respectively) and highest exposure risk factor (OR of 16.06 and 8.58, respectively, and p < 0.001 for all). Multidrug-resistant, ESBL-producing Enterobacterales were observed in 72.8% of the samples (43/59). For the free-living birds, the positive samples belonged to a great kiskadee (Pitangus sulphuratus) and a semipalmated sandpiper (Calidris pusilla) in migratory and resident species, respectively. For domestic animals, the swine samples showed the highest prevalence of antimicrobial resistance. The lack of access to veterinary care and information regarding antimicrobial therapy, along with the easy access to antimicrobials without medical prescription, favors the inadequate use of antimicrobials in Piauí.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Kelly S. M. da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Saúde Animal na Amazônia, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Danny A. Fuentes-Castillo
- Departamento de Patología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción (UDEC), Concepción 4070409, Chile;
| | - Ana Carolina Ewbank
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28130 Valdeolmos, Spain; (A.C.E.)
| | - Carlos Sacristán
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28130 Valdeolmos, Spain; (A.C.E.)
| | - José L. Catão-Dias
- Laboratório de Patologia Comparada de Animais Selvagens (LAPCOM), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Anaiá P. Sevá
- Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Bahia 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Nilton Lincopan
- Laboratório de Resistência Bacteriana e Alternativas Terapêuticas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil
| | - Sharon L. Deem
- Saint Loius Zoo, Institute for Conservation Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lauro C. S. Feitosa
- Centro de Inteligência em Agravos Tropicais Emergentes e Negligenciados (CIATEN) e Centro de Ciências Agrárias (CCA), Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI), Piauí 64049-550, Brazil;
| | - Lilian S. Catenacci
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Saúde Animal na Amazônia, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil
- Saint Loius Zoo, Institute for Conservation Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Centro de Inteligência em Agravos Tropicais Emergentes e Negligenciados (CIATEN) e Centro de Ciências Agrárias (CCA), Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI), Piauí 64049-550, Brazil;
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Dominguez JE, Rosario L, Juliana S, Redondo LM, Chacana PA, Regino C, Fernández Miyakawa ME. Rats as sources of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in animal production environments. Zoonoses Public Health 2023; 70:627-635. [PMID: 37403535 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Rattus norvegicus and Rattus rattus are commensal pest rodents, considered reservoirs and vectors of zoonotic pathogens. In livestock farms, the wide use of antimicrobials and their release into the environment lead to high long-term residual concentrations, which may in turn lead to the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Farm environments serve as AMR sources, resulting in the transmission of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and their AMR genes of livestock origin into wildlife. This study aimed to analyse the profile of enterobacteria carrying AMR determinants in rats captured in livestock farms to determine their potential vectors as for the spread of AMR. To this end, 56 rats (52 R. norvegicus and 4 R. rattus) were live-trapped on 11 farms (pig, dairy, poultry and mixed farms) located in central Argentina, from spring 2016 to autumn 2017. From 50 of the R. norvegicus individuals and three of the R. rattus individuals found in 10 of the farms, we isolated 53 Escherichia coli and five Salmonella strains. Susceptibility to antimicrobials, genotypic profiles, minimal inhibitory concentration of colistin and the presence of mcr-1 and genes encoding extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) were determined. Of the 58 isolates not susceptible to different antimicrobial classes, 28 of the E. coli strains and two of the Salmonella strains were defined as multi-drug resistant (MDR). S. Westhampton and S. Newport recovered were not susceptible to ampicillin or all the cephems tested. One of the E. coli obtained showed resistance to colistin and harboured the mcr-1 gene, demonstrated by PCR and conjugation. In two ESBL-producing Salmonella isolated from rats, CTX-M-2 genes were responsible for the observed resistance to third-generation cephalosporins. The MDR E. coli isolates showed several different resistance patterns (23), although some of them were the same in different individuals and different farms, with six resistance patterns, evidencing the dispersion of strains. These findings suggest that rats play a role in the dissemination of AMR determinants between animal, humans and environmental reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johana Elizabeth Dominguez
- Laboratorio de Bacteriologia General, Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (IPVet), INTA-CONICET, William C. Morris, Argentina
| | - Lovera Rosario
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), UBA-CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sánchez Juliana
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo en Agrobiología, Centro de Bioinvestigaciones-CeBio, Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CITNOBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leandro Martin Redondo
- Laboratorio de Bacteriologia General, Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (IPVet), INTA-CONICET, William C. Morris, Argentina
| | - Pablo Anibal Chacana
- Laboratorio de Bacteriologia General, Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (IPVet), INTA-CONICET, William C. Morris, Argentina
| | - Cavia Regino
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), UBA-CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariano Enrique Fernández Miyakawa
- Laboratorio de Bacteriologia General, Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (IPVet), INTA-CONICET, William C. Morris, Argentina
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Chen K, Xie M, Dong N, Chan EWC, Zhang R, Chen S. Deciphering mechanisms of bla NDM gene transmission between human and animals: a genomics study of bacterial isolates from various sources in China, 2015 to 2017. Euro Surveill 2023; 28:2200925. [PMID: 37707983 PMCID: PMC10687984 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2023.28.37.2200925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundIn China, the bla NDM gene has been recovered from human bacterial isolates since 2011. After 2014, detections of this gene in animal and food bacterial isolates have increasingly been reported.AimWe aimed to understand how bla NDM-bearing bacteria could spread between humans, animals, and animal-derived food.MethodsA total of 288 non-duplicate Escherichia coli strains, including 130 bla NDM-carrying and 158 bla NDM-negative strains were collected from clinical (humans), food-producing animals (pigs) and food (retail pork) sources between 2015 and 2017. The strains were whole genome sequenced. Core-genome-multilocus-sequence-typing was conducted. To investigate if sequence types (STs) found in human, animal or food samples could have a prior origin in a clinical, animal or food-borne animal reservoir, discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) was used. Plasmids bearing bla NDM were characterised.ResultsThe 130 bla NDM-carrying E. coli strains comprised a total of 60 STs, with ST167 (10/51), ST77 (6/33) and ST48 (6/46) being most prevalent in clinical, animal and food sources, respectively. Some ST10 and ST167 strains were respectively found among all three sources sampled, suggesting they might enable transfer of bla NDM between sources. DAPC analysis indicated possible transmissions of ST167 from humans to animals and ST10 from animals to human. In 114 of 130 bla NDM-carrying isolates, bla NDM was located on an IncX3 plasmid.ConclusionThis study in a Chinese context suggests that cross-species transmission of certain STs of E. coli harbouring bla NDM on mobile elements, may facilitate the spread of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Stringent monitoring of bla NDM-bearing E. coli in ecosystems is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaichao Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Miaomiao Xie
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Ning Dong
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Edward Wai Chi Chan
- State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Okello E, ElAshmawy WR, Williams DR, Lehenbauer TW, Aly SS. Effect of dry cow therapy on antimicrobial resistance of mastitis pathogens post-calving. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1132810. [PMID: 37546337 PMCID: PMC10399697 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1132810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dry cow therapy (DCT) on the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profile of mastitis pathogens post-calving. A repository of isolates based on a DCT trial was utilized for the current study. A stratified random survey sample of cows from the trial were identified within the strata of season, herd, and trial treatment resulting in 382 cows. All isolates from the 382 cows were selected for the current study, which identified 566 isolates from milk samples collected at dry off (S1), post-calving (S2), and at the first clinical mastitis event up to 150 days in milk (S3). The AMR profiles were determined using broth microdilution method. Less than 10% of the coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species (CNS) isolates (n = 421) were resistant to tetracycline, ceftiofur, penicillin/novobiocin or erythromycin, while higher proportions of resistance to sulfadimethoxine (72%) and penicillin (28%) were observed. All Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) isolates (n = 4) were susceptible to all tested AMD except sulfadimethoxine, to which all isolates were resistant. Similarly, all Streptococcus spp. (n = 37) were susceptible to penicillin, penicillin/novobiocin, and ampicillin while resistant to tetracycline (17%). All coliforms (n = 21) were susceptible to ceftiofur, but resistance was recorded for sulfadimethoxine (70%), cephalothin (56%), and tetracycline (43%). The increased resistance percent from S1 to S2 was observed in CNS isolates from AMD-treated cows, with the highest increase recorded for penicillin (12.2%). Parametric survival interval regression models were used to explore the association between antimicrobial drug (AMD) therapy at dry off and the AMR phenotype post-calving. The accelerated failure-time metric was adopted to minimum inhibitory concentration measurements to permit interpretation of model exponentiated coefficients. Models for cows with CNS isolated at both S1 and S2 showed increased resistance against cephalothin, oxacillin, and ceftiofur in cows that received DCT from the same drug class, or a class with a shared resistance mechanism. In contrast, resistance of CNS isolates to tetracycline were associated with any AMD therapy at dry off. Resistance of CNS isolates to Penicillin decreased in CNS isolates in cows that received any AMD therapy at dry off compared to those that didn't. The study provided evidence that dry-cow IMM AMD was associated with AMR post-calving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Okello
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Tulare, CA, United States
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Wagdy R. ElAshmawy
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Tulare, CA, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Deniece R. Williams
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Tulare, CA, United States
| | - Terry W. Lehenbauer
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Tulare, CA, United States
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sharif S. Aly
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Tulare, CA, United States
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Anyanwu MU, Jaja IF, Okpala COR, Njoga EO, Okafor NA, Oguttu JW. Mobile Colistin Resistance ( mcr) Gene-Containing Organisms in Poultry Sector in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Epidemiology, Characteristics, and One Health Control Strategies. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1117. [PMID: 37508213 PMCID: PMC10376608 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes (mcr-1 to mcr-10) are plasmid-encoded genes that threaten the clinical utility of colistin (COL), one of the highest-priority critically important antibiotics (HP-CIAs) used to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant bacteria in humans and animals. For more than six decades, COL has been used largely unregulated in the poultry sector in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and this has led to the development/spread of mcr gene-containing bacteria (MGCB). The prevalence rates of mcr-positive organisms from the poultry sector in LMICs between January 1970 and May 2023 range between 0.51% and 58.8%. Through horizontal gene transfer, conjugative plasmids possessing insertion sequences (ISs) (especially ISApl1), transposons (predominantly Tn6330), and integrons have enhanced the spread of mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4, mcr-5, mcr-7, mcr-8, mcr-9, and mcr-10 in the poultry sector in LMICs. These genes are harboured by Escherichia, Klebsiella, Proteus, Salmonella, Cronobacter, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Shigella, Providencia, Aeromonas, Raoultella, Pseudomonas, and Acinetobacter species, belonging to diverse clones. The mcr-1, mcr-3, and mcr-10 genes have also been integrated into the chromosomes of these bacteria and are mobilizable by ISs and integrative conjugative elements. These bacteria often coexpress mcr with virulence genes and other genes conferring resistance to HP-CIAs, such as extended-spectrum cephalosporins, carbapenems, fosfomycin, fluoroquinolone, and tigecycline. The transmission routes and dynamics of MGCB from the poultry sector in LMICs within the One Health triad include contact with poultry birds, feed/drinking water, manure, poultry farmers and their farm workwear, farming equipment, the consumption and sale of contaminated poultry meat/egg and associated products, etc. The use of pre/probiotics and other non-antimicrobial alternatives in the raising of birds, the judicious use of non-critically important antibiotics for therapy, the banning of nontherapeutic COL use, improved vaccination, biosecurity, hand hygiene and sanitization, the development of rapid diagnostic test kits, and the intensified surveillance of mcr genes, among others, could effectively control the spread of MGCB from the poultry sector in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ishmael Festus Jaja
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Charles Odilichukwu R Okpala
- Department of Functional Food Products Development, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
- UGA Cooperative Extension, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Emmanuel Okechukwu Njoga
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 400001, Nigeria
| | | | - James Wabwire Oguttu
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, Florida Campus, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa
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10
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Saidenberg ABS, Franco LS, Reple JN, Hounmanou YMG, Casas MRT, Cardoso B, Esposito F, Lincopan N, Dalsgaard A, Stegger M, Knöbl T. Salmonella Heidelberg and Salmonella Minnesota in Brazilian broilers: Genomic characterization of third-generation cephalosporin and fluoroquinolone-resistant strains. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2023; 15:119-128. [PMID: 36629129 PMCID: PMC10103857 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella serovars Heidelberg and Minnesota encoding antimicrobial resistance to third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones are often detected in poultry/poultry meat. We analysed the genomes of 10 Salmonella Heidelberg (SH) and 4 Salmonella Minnesota (SM) from faecal isolates of Brazilian poultry. These featured virulent and multidrug-resistant characteristics, with AmpC beta-lactamase (blaCMY-2 ) predominance (9/14), for all SM (4/4) and some SH (3/10) located on IncC plasmid replicons. IncC carrying blaCTX-M-2 was only detected among SH (3/10). Mutation in the gyrA/parC genes was present in all SH, whereas SM harboured parC mutation plus qnrB19 on ColRNAI plasmids (3/4). In silico resistance overall corroborated with phenotypic results. Core genome phylogenies showed close clustering and high similarities between the Brazilian and poultry meat/food isolates from Europe, and to human isolates from European countries with documented import of Brazilian poultry meat. Conjugation assays with SM successfully transferred blaCMY-2 , and qnrB19 to an Escherichia coli recipient. The findings reinforce the ongoing antimicrobial resistance acquisition of SH and Minnesota and the risks for disseminating resistant strains and/or mobile elements which may increasingly affect importing countries and the need for controlling AMR in major poultry-exporting countries like Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Becker Simoes Saidenberg
- Department of Veterinary PathologySchool of Veterinary Medicine and Animal ScienceSão PauloBrazil
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Section for Food Safety and ZoonosesInstitute for Veterinary and Companion Animal Science, Københavns UniversitetCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and FungiStatens Serum InstitutCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Leticia Soares Franco
- Department of Veterinary PathologySchool of Veterinary Medicine and Animal ScienceSão PauloBrazil
| | - Jessica Nacarato Reple
- Department of Veterinary PathologySchool of Veterinary Medicine and Animal ScienceSão PauloBrazil
| | - Yaovi Mahuton Gildas Hounmanou
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Section for Food Safety and ZoonosesInstitute for Veterinary and Companion Animal Science, Københavns UniversitetCopenhagenDenmark
| | | | - Brenda Cardoso
- Department of MicrobiologyInstitute of Biomedical Science, University of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Fernanda Esposito
- Department of Clinical AnalysisSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Nilton Lincopan
- Department of MicrobiologyInstitute of Biomedical Science, University of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
- Department of Clinical AnalysisSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Anders Dalsgaard
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Section for Food Safety and ZoonosesInstitute for Veterinary and Companion Animal Science, Københavns UniversitetCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Marc Stegger
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and FungiStatens Serum InstitutCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Terezinha Knöbl
- Department of Veterinary PathologySchool of Veterinary Medicine and Animal ScienceSão PauloBrazil
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11
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Aworh MK, Kwaga JKP, Hendriksen RS, Okolocha EC, Harrell E, Thakur S. Quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli at the interface between humans, poultry and their shared environment- a potential public health risk. ONE HEALTH OUTLOOK 2023; 5:2. [PMID: 36855171 PMCID: PMC9976508 DOI: 10.1186/s42522-023-00079-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Commensal Escherichia coli residing in the guts of humans and animals are reservoirs of multidrug resistance (MDR) genes, including quinolone resistance genes, in humans and poultry. This study aimed to characterize quinolones resistance in E. coli recovered from poultry workers, chickens, and poultry farm/market environments in Abuja, Nigeria. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study conducted between December 2018 and April 2019 comprising poultry workers, chickens and their poultry farm/market environments. This study characterized E. coli isolates from stool, faecal and environmental samples using antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing methods. Core-genome multilocus sequences-based phylogeny was used to determine the relatedness between quinolone-resistant E. coli isolates. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS Of 110 E. coli isolates, quinolone-resistant phenotypes were observed in 68.2% (n = 75) isolates. Whole-genome sequencing detected plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes in 63.6% (n = 70) isolates. The most prevalent PMQR gene detected in 56 of these 70 E. coli isolates was qnrS1, followed by qnrB19 in 14 isolates and aac(6')-lb-cr in two isolates. Fifteen ciprofloxacin and 19 nalidixic acid-resistant isolates respectively showed double mutations in the quinolone-resistance determining regions (QRDRs) of gyrA, with single or double mutations in parC, and a single mutation in parE. The most prevalent amino-acid substitutions observed were S83L + D87N in gyrA (46.5%, n = 20), S80I in parC (51.2%, n = 22) and S458A in parE (14%, n = 6). About 2.9% (2/70) of PMQR isolates were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers while 2.9% (2/70) had plasmid-mediated colistin resistance (PMCR) genes. CONCLUSIONS PMQR genes were prevalent in E. coli isolates recovered from healthy humans, chickens and poultry farm/market environments. PMCR genes (mcr-1.1) occurred in PMQR-positive isolates recovered from manure and drinking water originating from poultry farm/market environments. It was found that the gene encoding ESBL coexisted with qnrS-positive isolates of human and avian origin. Horizontal transfer of PMQR genes among E. coli isolates in the human-poultry-environment interface has public health implications for the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Relevant government agencies should enforce regulations to restrict the use of critically important antimicrobials in poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel Kamweli Aworh
- Department of Veterinary and Pest Control Services, Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Abuja, Nigeria.
- Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Abuja, Nigeria.
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Jacob K P Kwaga
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Rene S Hendriksen
- Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, WHO, FAO, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, EU, Denmark
| | - Emmanuel C Okolocha
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Erin Harrell
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Siddhartha Thakur
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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12
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Sanches MS, Silva LC, da Silva CR, Montini VH, de Oliva BHD, Guidone GHM, Nogueira MCL, Menck-Costa MF, Kobayashi RKT, Vespero EC, Rocha SPD. Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance and Clonal Relationship in ESBL/AmpC-Producing Proteus mirabilis Isolated from Meat Products and Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infection (UTI-CA) in Southern Brazil. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020370. [PMID: 36830280 PMCID: PMC9952622 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and clonal relationships in Proteus mirabilis isolated from chicken meat, beef, pork, and community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTI-CA). Chicken meat isolates showed the highest multidrug resistance (MDR), followed by those from pork and UTI-CA, whereas beef had relatively few MDR strains. All sources had strains that carried blaCTX-M-65, whereas blaCTX-M-2 and blaCMY-2 were only detected in chicken meat and UTI-CA isolates. This indicates that chicken meat should be considered an important risk factor for the spread of P. mirabilis carrying ESBL and AmpC. Furthermore, ESBL/AmpC producing strains were resistant to a greater number of antimicrobials and possessed more resistance genes than non-producing strains. In addition, the antimicrobial resistance genes qnrD, aac(6')-Ib-cr, sul1, sul2, fosA3, cmlA, and floR were also found. Molecular typing showed a genetic similarity between chicken meat and UTI-CA isolates, including some strains with 100% similarity, indicating that chicken can be a source of P. mirabilis causing UTI-CA. It was concluded that meat, especially chicken meat, can be an important source of dissemination of multidrug-resistant P. mirabilis in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Silva Sanches
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Center of Biological Sciences, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina P.O. Box 10.011, Brazil
| | - Luana Carvalho Silva
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Center of Biological Sciences, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina P.O. Box 10.011, Brazil
| | - Caroline Rodrigues da Silva
- Microorganism Research Center, Health Sciences Center, Department of Dermatological, Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Medical School of São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto P.O. Box 15.090, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Montini
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Center of Biological Sciences, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina P.O. Box 10.011, Brazil
| | - Bruno Henrique Dias de Oliva
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Center of Biological Sciences, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina P.O. Box 10.011, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Henrique Migliorini Guidone
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Center of Biological Sciences, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina P.O. Box 10.011, Brazil
| | - Mara Corrêa Lelles Nogueira
- Microorganism Research Center, Health Sciences Center, Department of Dermatological, Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Medical School of São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto P.O. Box 15.090, Brazil
| | - Maísa Fabiana Menck-Costa
- Laboratory of Basic and Applied Bacteriology, Center of Biological Sciences, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina P.O. Box 10.011, Brazil
| | - Renata Katsuko Takayama Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Basic and Applied Bacteriology, Center of Biological Sciences, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina P.O. Box 10.011, Brazil
| | - Eliana Carolina Vespero
- Department of Pathology, Health Sciences Center, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, University Hospital of Londrina, State University of Londrina, Londrina P.O. Box 10.011, Brazil
| | - Sergio Paulo Dejato Rocha
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Center of Biological Sciences, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina P.O. Box 10.011, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-43-3371-4494
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13
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Corrêa JS, Zago LF, Da Silva-Brandão RR, de Oliveira SM, Fracolli LA, Padoveze MC, Cordoba G. The governance of antimicrobial resistance in Brazil: Challenges for developing and implementing a one health agenda. Glob Public Health 2023; 18:2190381. [PMID: 36934430 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2023.2190381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2023]
Abstract
This article explores stakeholders' perceptions of the challenges for developing a One Health agenda to tackle antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Brazil, including the development and implementation of the Brazilian National Action Plan (BR-NAP). The data originate from 27 interviews conducted with human, environmental, and animal health stakeholders, including academics, managers, and policymakers involved in developing the BR-NAP. Through thematic analysis, we identified three interconnected themes: governance, the health system, and technical and scientific challenges. The findings draw particular attention to failures in the agenda-setting process, revealed by interviewees strongly emphasising that AMR is not considered a policy priority in Brazil. The lack of political will and awareness of the clinical, social, and economic impacts of AMR are considered the main impediments to the agenda's progress. The joint work across disciplines and ministries must be reinforced through policymaker engagement and better environmental sector integration. The agenda must include sustainable governance structures less affected by political winds. Policies should be designed jointly with state and local governments to create strategies to engage communities and improve their translation into effective implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sandi Michele de Oliveira
- Section of General Practice, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Gloria Cordoba
- Section of General Practice, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, School of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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14
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Lopes ES, Parente CET, Picão RC, Seldin L. Irrigation Ponds as Sources of Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria in Agricultural Areas with Intensive Use of Poultry Litter. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:1650. [PMID: 36421294 PMCID: PMC9686582 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Poultry litter is widely used worldwide as an organic fertilizer in agriculture. However, poultry litter may contain high concentrations of antibiotics and/or antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB), which can be mobilized through soil erosion to water bodies, contributing to the spread of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment. To better comprehend this kind of mobilization, the bacterial communities of four ponds used for irrigation in agricultural and poultry production areas were determined in two periods of the year: at the beginning (low volume of rainfall) and at the end of the rainy season (high volume of rainfall). 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed not only significantly different bacterial community structures and compositions among the four ponds but also between the samplings. When the DNA obtained from the water samples was PCR amplified using primers for ARGs, those encoding integrases (intI1) and resistance to sulfonamides (sul1 and sul2) and β-lactams (blaGES, blaTEM and blaSHV) were detected in three ponds. Moreover, bacterial strains were isolated from CHROMagar plates supplemented with sulfamethoxazole, ceftriaxone or ciprofloxacin and identified as belonging to clinically important Enterobacteriaceae. The results presented here indicate a potential risk of spreading ARB through water resources in agricultural areas with extensive fertilization with poultry litter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliene S. Lopes
- Laboratório de Genética Microbiana, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Cláudio E. T. Parente
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos Eduardo Penna Franca, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Renata C. Picão
- Laboratório de Investigação em Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Lucy Seldin
- Laboratório de Genética Microbiana, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
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15
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Escherichia coli ST224 and IncF/blaCTX-M-55 plasmids drive resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins in poultry flocks in Parana, Brazil. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 380:109885. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Andretta M, Call DR, Nero LA. Insights into antibiotic use in Brazilian dairy production. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milimani Andretta
- InsPOA—Laboratório de Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Departamento de Veterinária Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário Viçosa MG 36570‐900 Brazil
| | - Douglas Ruben Call
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health Washington State University 240 SE Ott Road Pullman WA 99164 USA
| | - Luís Augusto Nero
- InsPOA—Laboratório de Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Departamento de Veterinária Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário Viçosa MG 36570‐900 Brazil
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17
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Dendani Chadi Z, Dib L, Zeroual F, Benakhla A. Usefulness of molecular typing methods for epidemiological and evolutionary studies of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine intramammary infections. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103338. [PMID: 35813112 PMCID: PMC9257419 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In cattle, Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen of increasing importance due to its association with intramammary infections (IMIs), which are a primary cause of antibiotic use on farms and thus of the rise in antibiotic resistance. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), which are frequently isolated from cases of bovine mastitis, represent a public health problem worldwide. Understanding the epidemiology and the evolution of these strains relies on typing methods. Such methods were phenotypic at first, but more recently, molecular methods have been increasingly utilized. Multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), a high-throughput molecular method for determining genetic diversity and the emergence of host- or udder-adapted clones, appears to be the most useful PCR-based method. Despite the difficulties present in reproducibility, interlaboratory reliability, and hard work, it is agreed that pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) remains the gold standard, particularly for short-term surveillance. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is a good typing method for long-term and global epidemiological investigations, but it is not suitable for outbreak investigations. Staphylococcal protein A (spa) typing is the most widely used method today for first-line typing in the study of molecular evolution, and outbreaks investigations. Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing has gained popularity for the evolutionary analysis of MRSA strains. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and DNA microarrays that represent relatively new DNA-based technologies, provide more information for tracking antibioresistant and virulent outbreak strains. They offer a higher discriminatory power, but are not suitable for routine use in clinical veterinary medicine at this time. Descriptions of the evolution of these methods, their advantages, and limitations are given in this review.
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Wei X, Wang W, Lu N, Wu L, Dong Z, Li B, Zhou X, Cheng F, Zhou K, Cheng H, Shi H, Zhang J. Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant CTX-M Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli From Different Bovine Faeces in China. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:738904. [PMID: 35978707 PMCID: PMC9376260 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.738904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
CTX-M extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli cause severe health hazards in livestock breeding. To date, little is known about antibiotic resistance differences among bacterial isolates from yaks, cows, and beef cattle; therefore, the aims of this study were to analyse the prevalence of CTX-M-producing E. coli in yak, beef cattle, and dairy cattle feces from different provinces in China. A total of 790 fecal samples from yaks, beef cattle, and dairy cows were used. Among all the samples, 523 non duplicate E. coli isolates were identified, and 29.6% of samples harbored CTX-M producers. The results showed that these E. coli strains harbored 15 clusters of CTX-M genes: CTX-M-79, CTX-M-55, CTX-M-15, CTX-M-14, CTX-M-28, CTX-M-179, CTX-M-65, CTX-M-24, CTX-M-27, CTX-M-102, CTX-M-105, CTX-M-173, CTX-M-238, CTX-M-196, and CTX-M-10. The dominant resistance genes were CTX-M-15, CTX-M-14, and CTX-M-55. Moreover, the distribution of CTX-M genes was related to geographical region. Based on the above findings, we reasoned that bovines are potential reservoirs of antibiotic resistance, and this problem should be given adequate attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Wei
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (CAAS), Lanzhou, China,Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (CAAS), Lanzhou, China,Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ningning Lu
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (CAAS), Lanzhou, China,Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lingyu Wu
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (CAAS), Lanzhou, China,Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhen Dong
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (CAAS), Lanzhou, China,Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bing Li
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (CAAS), Lanzhou, China,Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuzheng Zhou
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (CAAS), Lanzhou, China,Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fusheng Cheng
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (CAAS), Lanzhou, China,Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kairen Zhou
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (CAAS), Lanzhou, China,Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haijian Cheng
- Shandong Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hongmei Shi
- Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Institute of Animal Husbandry Science, Gannan, China
| | - Jiyu Zhang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (CAAS), Lanzhou, China,Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, China,*Correspondence: Jiyu Zhang
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Marouf S, Ibrahim HM, El-Naggar MS, Swelum AA, Alqhtani AH, El-Saadony MT, El-Tarabily KA, Salem HM. Inactivated pentavalent vaccine against mycoplasmosis and salmonellosis for chickens. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102139. [PMID: 36240526 PMCID: PMC9574717 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma and Salmonella are serious pathogens threaten the poultry industry. This study aimed to prepare and evaluate an inactivated pentavalent vaccine targeting bacteria, including Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST), Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE), Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky (SK), Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG), and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS), from locally isolated strains. The prepared vaccine was adjuvanted with Montanide ISA70 oil and then tested for safety, sterility, and potency. The vaccine efficacy was evaluated in 110 specific pathogen-free, 1-day-old chicks, which were divided into three groups as follows: 1) vaccinated group (50 birds), which was subdivided into five subgroups of ten birds each; 2) control positive (challenged) group (50 birds), which was subdivided into five subgroups of ten birds each; and 3) control negative (blank) group, which included ten birds. Chicks in group 1 were administered the first dose of vaccine at 7 d of age followed by a booster dose after 3 wk. At 3 wk after booster vaccination, the chicks who were administered the booster dose were challenged and kept under observation until the end of the experiment when the chicks were approximately 10 wk. Details of clinical symptoms, daily mortality, weights, and postmortem lesions; serum samples; cloacal swabs; and nasal swabs were collected during the experiment. The humoral immune response to the prepared pentavalent vaccine was assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Our findings revealed that the prepared vaccine showed high protective antibody titers against Salmonella and Mycoplasma with 100% efficacy and no mortalities (100% survival rate) were recorded in vaccinated and challenged birds. The vaccine reduced both clinical signs and bacterial shedding post challenge in vaccinated birds in comparison with control positive group. The prepared vaccine did not affect the body weight gain of the vaccinated birds in comparison with control negative birds. The current study concluded that locally manufactured inactivated pentavalent vaccine offers protection to birds and could be employed as an effective tool along with biosecurity measures to overcome mycoplasmosis and salmonellosis in layer and breeder chicken farms in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Marouf
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Hazem M Ibrahim
- Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt
| | - Muhammed S El-Naggar
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Swelum
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmohsen H Alqhtani
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed T El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Khaled A El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates; Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates; Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, 6150, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Heba M Salem
- Poultry Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary, Medicine Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
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Anyanwu MU, Jaja IF, Nwobi OC, Mgbeahuruike AC, Ikpendu CN, Okafor NA, Oguttu JW. Epidemiology and Traits of Mobile Colistin Resistance ( mcr) Gene-Bearing Organisms from Horses. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081499. [PMID: 35893557 PMCID: PMC9394310 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes (mcr-1 to mcr-10) threaten the efficacy of colistin (COL), a polymyxin antibiotic that is used as a last-line agent for the treatment of deadly infections caused by multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant bacteria in humans and animals. COL has been used for more than 60 years for the prophylactic control and treatment of infections in livestock husbandry but not in horses. Polymyxin B is used for the prophylactic control and empirical treatment of infections in horses without conducting sensitivity tests. The lack of sensitivity testing exerts selection pressure for the acquisition of the mcr gene. By horizontal transfer, mcr-1, mcr-5, and mcr-9 have disseminated among horse populations globally and are harbored by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, and Salmonella species. Conjugative plasmids, insertion sequences, and transposons are the backbone of mcr genes in the isolates, which co-express genes conferring multi- to extensive-drug resistance, including genes encoding extended-spectrum β-lactamase, ampicillinase C, fosfomycin, and fluoroquinolone resistance, and virulence genes. The transmission of mcr genes to/among bacterial strains of equine origin is non-clonal. Contact with horses, horse manure, feed/drinking water, farmers, farmers’ clothing/farm equipment, the consumption of contaminated horse meat and its associated products, and the trading of horses, horse meat, and their associated products are routes for the transmission of mcr-gene-bearing bacteria in, to, and from the equine industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madubuike Umunna Anyanwu
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 400001, Nigeria;
- Correspondence: (M.U.A.); (I.F.J.); Tel.: +27-78-549-2098 (I.F.J.); Fax: +27-86-770-6869 (I.F.J.)
| | - Ishmael Festus Jaja
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, Florida Campus, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa;
- Correspondence: (M.U.A.); (I.F.J.); Tel.: +27-78-549-2098 (I.F.J.); Fax: +27-86-770-6869 (I.F.J.)
| | - Obichukwu Chisom Nwobi
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 400001, Nigeria;
| | | | - Chinaza Nnenna Ikpendu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike 440101, Nigeria;
| | | | - James Wabwire Oguttu
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, Florida Campus, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa;
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Núncio ASP, Webber B, Pottker ES, Cardoso B, Esposito F, Fontana H, Lincopan N, Girardello R, Pilotto F, dos Santos LR, Rodrigues LB. Genomic characterization of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Heidelberg E2 strain isolated from chicken carcass in southern Brazil. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 379:109863. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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22
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Detection of Antibiotic Resistance, Virulence Gene, and Drug Resistance Gene of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Bovine Mastitis. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0047122. [PMID: 35758746 PMCID: PMC9431281 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00471-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial therapy plays an important role in mastitis control caused by Staphylococcus aureus but has become less effective due to widespread drug resistance. The purpose of this study was to detect antibiotic resistance, drug resistance gene, and virulence gene of S. aureus strains. In this study, 2,962 milk samples were collected from 43 dairy farms located in 16 provinces of China and cultured for isolation of S. aureus. Antibiotic resistance, capsular polysaccharide, spa typing, virulence genes, and drug resistance genes of the strains were analyzed. Of 2,962 samples, 298 strains were isolated and identified as S. aureus. The strains exhibited high percentages of resistance to penicillin G (91.95%). Moreover, all strains showed resistance to more than one antimicrobial agent but were sensitive to nitrofurantoin and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. The results indicate that type 8 was the dominant capsular polysaccharide serotype and t459 was the dominant spa type. The most prevalent virulence gene was clfA (98%). The resistance genes of several antibiotics were detected, among which the blaZ gene (92.95%) was the highest. In conclusion, we present the antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes of S. aureus in this study which are of importance for mastitis control. IMPORTANCE Bovine mastitis is a serious disease associated with both high incidence and economic loss, posing a major challenge to the dairy industry worldwide. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common pathogens to cause bovine mastitis, and antimicrobial therapy plays an important role in mastitis control caused by S. aureus but has become less effective due to widespread drug resistance. The purpose of this study was to detect antibiotic resistance, drug resistance gene, and virulence gene of S. aureus strains, which would be helpful to mastitis control.
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Alikhan NF, Moreno LZ, Castellanos LR, Chattaway MA, McLauchlin J, Lodge M, O’Grady J, Zamudio R, Doughty E, Petrovska L, Cunha MPV, Knöbl T, Moreno AM, Mather AE. Dynamics of Salmonella enterica and antimicrobial resistance in the Brazilian poultry industry and global impacts on public health. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010174. [PMID: 35653335 PMCID: PMC9162342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica is a common cause of diarrhoeal disease; in humans, consumption of contaminated poultry meat is believed to be a major source. Brazil is the world’s largest exporter of chicken meat globally, and previous studies have indicated the introduction of Salmonella serovars through imported food products from Brazil. Here we provide an in-depth genomic characterisation and evolutionary analysis to investigate the most prevalent serovars and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Brazilian chickens and assess the impact to public health of products contaminated with S. enterica imported into the United Kingdom from Brazil. To do so, we examine 183 Salmonella genomes from chickens in Brazil and 357 genomes from humans, domestic poultry and imported Brazilian poultry products isolated in the United Kingdom. S. enterica serovars Heidelberg and Minnesota were the most prevalent serovars in Brazil and in meat products imported from Brazil into the UK. We extended our analysis to include 1,259 publicly available Salmonella Heidelberg and Salmonella Minnesota genomes for context. The Brazil genomes form clades distinct from global isolates, with temporal analysis suggesting emergence of these Salmonella Heidelberg and Salmonella Minnesota clades in the early 2000s, around the time of the 2003 introduction of the Enteritidis vaccine in Brazilian poultry. Analysis showed genomes within the Salmonella Heidelberg and Salmonella Minnesota clades shared resistance to sulphonamides, tetracyclines and beta-lactams conferred by sul2, tetA and blaCMY-2 genes, not widely observed in other co-circulating serovars despite similar selection pressures. The sul2 and tetA genes were concomitantly carried on IncC plasmids, whereas blaCMY-2 was either co-located with the sul2 and tetA genes on IncC plasmids or independently on IncI1 plasmids. Long-term surveillance data collected in the UK showed no increase in the incidence of Salmonella Heidelberg or Salmonella Minnesota in human cases of clinical disease in the UK following the increase of these two serovars in Brazilian poultry. In addition, almost all of the small number of UK-derived genomes which cluster with the Brazilian poultry-derived sequences could either be attributed to human cases with a recent history of foreign travel or were from imported Brazilian food products. These findings indicate that even should Salmonella from imported Brazilian poultry products reach UK consumers, they are very unlikely to be causing disease. No evidence of the Brazilian strains of Salmonella Heidelberg or Salmonella Minnesota were observed in UK domestic chickens. These findings suggest that introduction of the Salmonella Enteritidis vaccine, in addition to increasing antimicrobial use, could have resulted in replacement of salmonellae in Brazilian poultry flocks with serovars that are more drug resistant, but less associated with disease in humans in the UK. The plasmids conferring resistance to beta-lactams, sulphonamides and tetracyclines likely conferred a competitive advantage to the Salmonella Minnesota and Salmonella Heidelberg serovars in this setting of high antimicrobial use, but the apparent lack of transfer to other serovars present in the same setting suggests barriers to horizontal gene transfer that could be exploited in intervention strategies to reduce AMR. The insights obtained reinforce the importance of One Health genomic surveillance. Non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica is a common cause of diarrhoeal disease; in humans, consumption of contaminated poultry meat is believed to be a major source. Here we determine that S. enterica serovars Heidelberg and Minnesota were the most prevalent serovars in Brazilian poultry and in poultry products imported from Brazil into the UK. However, long-term surveillance data collected by the UK Health Security Agency showed no increase in the incidence of Salmonella Heidelberg or Salmonella Minnesota in human cases of clinical disease in the UK following the increase of these two serovars in Brazilian poultry. Salmonella Heidelberg and Salmonella Minnesota clades shared resistance to sulphonamides, tetracyclines and beta-lactams conferred by sul2, tetA and blaCMY-2 genes, not widely observed in other co-circulating serovars despite similar selection pressures. The sul2 and tetA genes were concomitantly carried on IncC plasmids, whereas blaCMY-2 was either co-located with the sul2 and tetA genes on IncC plasmids or independently on IncI1 plasmids. These findings suggest that introduction of the Salmonella Enteritidis vaccine, in addition to increasing antimicrobial use, could have resulted in replacement of salmonellae in Brazilian poultry flocks with serovars that are more drug resistant, but less associated with disease in humans in the UK.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luisa Zanolli Moreno
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Centro Universitário Max Planck (UniMax), Indaiatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jim McLauchlin
- UK Health Security Agency National Infection Service, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Lodge
- UK Health Security Agency National Infection Service, London, United Kingdom
| | - Justin O’Grady
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
- University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - Emma Doughty
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Liljana Petrovska
- Department of Bacteriology and Food Safety, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA—Weybridge), Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | - Marcos Paulo Vieira Cunha
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Terezinha Knöbl
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea Micke Moreno
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail: (AMM); (AEM)
| | - Alison E. Mather
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
- University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (AMM); (AEM)
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Hoellein L, Kaale E, Mwalwisi YH, Schulze MH, Vetye-Maler C, Holzgrabe U. Emerging Antimicrobial Drug Resistance in Africa and Latin America: Search for Reasons. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2022; 15:827-843. [PMID: 35519501 PMCID: PMC9064051 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s205077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicine quality and methods for its assessment play a major role in the effectiveness of therapies and the treatment of many infectious diseases. However, poor-quality and/or falsified products are circulating in huge amounts in many low- and middle-income countries and are one of the major reasons why more and more resistant bacteria emerge. The development of resistance is additionally triggered by a plethora of antibiotic medicines which is easily available through pharmacies and unofficial sources. The uncontrolled overuse of these products is a huge problem not only in single countries but worldwide. In this review, we aim to demonstrate the factors which are involved in an emerging resistance development and how strong regulatory authorities, routine quality control by means of proficiency testing, and post-marketing surveillance as well as training personnel and patients can be combined to curb the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Hoellein
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eliangiringa Kaale
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | - Marco H Schulze
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institut für Krankenhaushygiene und Infektiologie, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Ulrike Holzgrabe
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Antimicrobial resistance and genetic background of non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica strains isolated from human infections in São Paulo, Brazil (2000-2019). Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:1249-1262. [PMID: 35446010 PMCID: PMC9433476 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00748-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica causes Salmonellosis, an important infection in humans and other animals. The number of multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes associated with Salmonella spp. isolates is increasing worldwide, causing public health concern. Here, we aim to characterize the antimicrobial-resistant phenotype of 789 non-typhoidal S. enterica strains isolated from human infections in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, along 20 years (2000-2019). Among the non-susceptible isolates, 31.55, 14.06, and 13.18% were resistant to aminoglycosides, tetracycline, and β-lactams, respectively. Moreover, 68 and 11 isolates were considered MDR and Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) producers, respectively, whereas one isolate was colistin-resistant. We selected four strains to obtain a draft of the Genome Sequence; one S. Infantis (ST32), one S. Enteritidis (ST11), one S. I 4,[5],12:i:- (ST19), and one S. Typhimurium (ST313). Among them, three presented at least one of the following antimicrobial resistance genes (AMR) linked to mobile DNA: blaTEM-1B, dfrA1, tetA, sul1, floR, aac(6')-laa, and qnrE1. This is the first description of the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) gene qnrE1 in a clinical isolate of S. I 4,[5],12:i:-. The S. Typhimurium is a colistin-resistant isolate, but did not harbor mcr genes, but it presented mutations within the mgrB, pmrB, and pmrC regions that might be linked to the colistin-resistant phenotype. The virulence pattern of the four isolates resembled the virulence pattern of the highly pathogenic S. Typhimurium UK-1 reference strain in assays involving the in vivo Galleria mellonella model. In conclusion, most isolates studied here are susceptible, but a small percentage present an MDR or ESBL-producer and pathogenic phenotype. Sequence analyses revealed plasmid-encoded AMR genes, such as β-lactam and fluoroquinolone resistance genes, indicating that these characteristics can be potentially disseminated among other bacterial strains.
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Dos Santos Bersot L, Carbonera NR, Rodrigues Valcanaia CD, Viana C, Nero LA. Multidrug-Resistant and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Salmonella enterica Serotype Heidelberg Is Widespread in a Poultry Processing Facility in Southern Brazil. J Food Prot 2021; 84:2053-2058. [PMID: 34324677 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study was conducted to characterize the distribution of Salmonella isolates in a poultry processing facility and to identify their antibiotic resistance profiles. Salmonella enterica was detected in 146 samples (66.7%), and 125 isolates were identified as Salmonella Heidelberg (n = 123), Salmonella Abony (n = 1), and Salmonella O:4,5 (n = 1). Salmonella Heidelberg isolates were subjected to XbaI macrorestriction analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The 66 pulsotypes obtained were grouped into four major clusters, indicating cross-contamination and persistence of this serotype in the processing facility. Selected S. enterica isolates were characterized by their antibiotic resistance, and most (n = 122, 97.6%) were multidrug resistant. Resistance to third-generation cephalosporins ceftazidime (84 isolates, 67.2%) and cefotaxime and ceftriaxone (91 isolates, 72.8%) was particularly prevalent. Production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) was identified in 24 isolates (19.2%), and ESBL-producing isolates were resistant to at least eight antibiotics. This study revealed the high prevalence of Salmonella Heidelberg in the poultry chain, providing insight into the ecology of this pathogen in this facility. The high prevalence of multidrug-resistant S. enterica is a concern due to the potential consequences for public health. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Dos Santos Bersot
- LACOMA - Laboratório de Inspeção e Controle de Qualidade de Alimentos e Água, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Rua Pioneiro, 2153, Jardim Dallas, 85950-000, Palotina, PR, Brazil
| | - Neila Rita Carbonera
- LACOMA - Laboratório de Inspeção e Controle de Qualidade de Alimentos e Água, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Rua Pioneiro, 2153, Jardim Dallas, 85950-000, Palotina, PR, Brazil
| | - Carolina Dias Rodrigues Valcanaia
- LACOMA - Laboratório de Inspeção e Controle de Qualidade de Alimentos e Água, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Rua Pioneiro, 2153, Jardim Dallas, 85950-000, Palotina, PR, Brazil
| | - Cibeli Viana
- InsPOA - Laboratório de Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Veterinária, Avenida PH Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Luís Augusto Nero
- InsPOA - Laboratório de Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Veterinária, Avenida PH Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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Imported One-Day-Old Chicks as Trojan Horses for Multidrug-Resistant Priority Pathogens Harboring mcr-9, rmtG and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Genes. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 88:e0167521. [PMID: 34731047 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01675-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a critical issue that is no longer restricted to hospital settings, but also represents a growing problem involving intensive animal production systems. In this study, we have performed a microbiological and molecular investigation of priority pathogens carrying transferable resistance genes to critical antimicrobials in one-day-old chickens imported from Brazil to Uruguay. Bacterial identification was performed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and antibiotic susceptibility was determined by Sensititre. Antimicrobial resistance genes were sought by polymerase chain reaction and clonality was assessed by PFGE. Four multidrug-resistant (MDR) representative strains were sequenced by Illumina and/or Oxford Nanopore Technologies. Twenty-eight MDR isolates identified as Escherichia coli (n= 14), Enterobacter cloacae (n= 11) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n= 3). While resistance to oxyiminocephalosporins was due to blaCTX-M-2, blaCTX-M-8, blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-55 and blaCMY-2, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance was associated with qnrB19, qnrE1, and qnrB2 genes. Finally, resistance to aminoglycosides and fosfomycin was due to the presence of 16S rRNA methyltransferase rmtG and fosA-type genes, respectively. Short and long-read genome sequencing of E. cloacae ODC-Eclo3 strain revealed the presence of IncQ/rmtG (pUR-EC3.1, 7400-pb), IncHI2A/mcr-9.1/blaCTX-M-2 [pUR-EC3.2, ST16 (pMLST), 408,436-bp] and IncN2/qnrB19/aacC3/aph(3'')-Ib (pUR-EC3.3) resistance plasmids. Strikingly, the blaCTX-M-2 gene was carried by a novel Tn1696-like composite transposon designated Tn7337. In summary, we report that imported one-day-old chicks can act as Trojan horses for the hidden spread of WHO critical priority MDR pathogens harboring mcr-9, rmtG and extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes in poultry farms, which is a critical issue within a One Health perspective. Importance section Antimicrobial resistance is considered a significant problem for global health, including within the concept of "One Health", therefore, the food chain is a link that connects human and animal health directly. In this work, we searched for microorganisms resistant to antibiotics considered critical for human health in intestinal microbiota of one-day-old baby chicks imported to Uruguay from Brazil. We described antibiotic-resistant genes to antibiotics named as to watch or reserve for the WHO, such as rmtG or mcr9.1, which confers resistance to all the aminoglycosides and colistin, respectively, among others genes, and their presence in new mobile genetic elements that favor its dissemination. The sustained entry of these microorganisms evades the sanitary measures implemented by the countries and production establishments to reduce the selection of resistant microorganisms. These silently imported resistant microorganisms could explain a considerable part of the antimicrobial resistance problems found in the production stages of the system.
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Anthropogenic Activities and the Problem of Antibiotic Resistance in Latin America: A Water Issue. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13192693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics revolutionized modern medicine and have been an excellent tool to fight infections. However, their overuse and misuse in different human activities such as health care, food production and agriculture has resulted in a global antimicrobial resistance crisis. Some regions such as Latin America present a more complex scenario because of the lack of resources, systematic studies and legislation to control the use of antimicrobials, thus increasing the spread of antibiotic resistance. This review aims to summarize the state of environmental antibiotic resistance in Latin America, focusing on water resources. Three databases were searched to identify publications on antimicrobial resistance and anthropogenic activities in relation to natural and artificial water ecosystems. We found that antibiotic resistant bacteria, mainly against beta lactam antibiotics, have been reported in several Latin American countries, and that resistant bacteria as well as resistant genes can be isolated from a wide variety of aquatic environments, including drinking, surface, irrigation, sea and wastewater. It is urgent to establish policies and regulations for antibiotic use to prevent the increase of multi-drug resistant microorganisms in the environment.
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29
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Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of milk pathogen isolated from dairy production systems. Prev Vet Med 2021; 194:105451. [PMID: 34364060 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Livestock has been recognized as a reservoir of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Prevalence of resistance has been associated with herd size and intensification of animal production systems. Brazil is one of the emergent hotspots of bacterial resistance, which is also associated with animal husbandry. This study aimed to evaluate the resistance profile of pathogens that cause subclinical mastitis and the relationship between resistance status at farm level and different production systems. Milk samples from cows diagnosed with subclinical mastitis were collected from farms that adopt different husbandry systems with different production intensities, i.e., agroecological, low input, high input, Free-Stall and Compost-bedded pack barn. Etiological agents were isolated and microbiologically identified, and antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted, using the disk diffusion method. The main isolated agents were Streptococcus spp. (n = 54, 30.5 %) and coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (CPS) (n = 54; 30.5 %). The recovered isolates displayed high antibiotic resistance against Sulfamethazine (80.2 %), Gentamicin (29.37 %), Penicillin (29.37 %), Oxacillin (28.82 %) and Ampicillin (26 %). Multidrug resistance was found for all agents and in all farming systems (39.54 %). Neither production systems (p = 0.26) nor farming systems (p = 0.24) significantly affected the resistance rates of samples. Therefore, intensive production systems may not be a root cause of increased rates of antimicrobial resistance in the milk production chain, suggesting that other environmental factors should be investigated. It is noteworthy that high levels of multidrug resistance were even found in bacteria earlier considered as minor pathogens. This development can be taken as a warning that environmental bacteria are potential transmitters of resistance genes to the environment.
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Ellwanger JH, Chies JAB. Zoonotic spillover: Understanding basic aspects for better prevention. Genet Mol Biol 2021; 44:e20200355. [PMID: 34096963 PMCID: PMC8182890 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2020-0355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The transmission of pathogens from wild animals to humans is called “zoonotic spillover”. Most human infectious diseases (60-75%) are derived from pathogens that originally circulated in non-human animal species. This demonstrates that spillover has a fundamental role in the emergence of new human infectious diseases. Understanding the factors that facilitate the transmission of pathogens from wild animals to humans is essential to establish strategies focused on the reduction of the frequency of spillover events. In this context, this article describes the basic aspects of zoonotic spillover and the main factors involved in spillover events, considering the role of the inter-species interactions, phylogenetic distance between host species, environmental drivers, and specific characteristics of the pathogens, animals, and humans. As an example, the factors involved in the emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic are discussed, indicating what can be learned from this public health emergency, and what can be applied to the Brazilian scenario. Finally, this article discusses actions to prevent or reduce the frequency of zoonotic spillover events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Henrique Ellwanger
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Genética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Imunobiologia e Imunogenética, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - José Artur Bogo Chies
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Genética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Imunobiologia e Imunogenética, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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31
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Koutsoumanis K, Allende A, Álvarez‐Ordóñez A, Bolton D, Bover‐Cid S, Chemaly M, Davies R, De Cesare A, Herman L, Hilbert F, Lindqvist R, Nauta M, Ru G, Simmons M, Skandamis P, Suffredini E, Argüello H, Berendonk T, Cavaco LM, Gaze W, Schmitt H, Topp E, Guerra B, Liébana E, Stella P, Peixe L. Role played by the environment in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through the food chain. EFSA J 2021; 19:e06651. [PMID: 34178158 PMCID: PMC8210462 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of food-producing environments in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in EU plant-based food production, terrestrial animals (poultry, cattle and pigs) and aquaculture was assessed. Among the various sources and transmission routes identified, fertilisers of faecal origin, irrigation and surface water for plant-based food and water for aquaculture were considered of major importance. For terrestrial animal production, potential sources consist of feed, humans, water, air/dust, soil, wildlife, rodents, arthropods and equipment. Among those, evidence was found for introduction with feed and humans, for the other sources, the importance could not be assessed. Several ARB of highest priority for public health, such as carbapenem or extended-spectrum cephalosporin and/or fluoroquinolone-resistant Enterobacterales (including Salmonella enterica), fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter spp., methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and glycopeptide-resistant Enterococcus faecium and E. faecalis were identified. Among highest priority ARGs bla CTX -M, bla VIM, bla NDM, bla OXA -48-like, bla OXA -23, mcr, armA, vanA, cfr and optrA were reported. These highest priority bacteria and genes were identified in different sources, at primary and post-harvest level, particularly faeces/manure, soil and water. For all sectors, reducing the occurrence of faecal microbial contamination of fertilisers, water, feed and the production environment and minimising persistence/recycling of ARB within animal production facilities is a priority. Proper implementation of good hygiene practices, biosecurity and food safety management systems is very important. Potential AMR-specific interventions are in the early stages of development. Many data gaps relating to sources and relevance of transmission routes, diversity of ARB and ARGs, effectiveness of mitigation measures were identified. Representative epidemiological and attribution studies on AMR and its effective control in food production environments at EU level, linked to One Health and environmental initiatives, are urgently required.
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Sweileh WM. Global research activity on antimicrobial resistance in food-producing animals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 79:49. [PMID: 33849636 PMCID: PMC8045364 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-021-00572-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global challenge that requires a "One Health" approach to achieve better public health outcomes for people, animals, and the environment. Numerous bibliometric studies were published on AMR in humans. However, none was published in food-producing animals. The current study aimed at assessing and analyzing scientific publications on AMR in food-producing animals. METHOD A validated search query was developed and entered in Scopus advanced search function to retrieve and quantitatively analyze relevant documents. Bibliometric indicators and mapping were presented. The study period was from 2000 to 2019. RESULTS The search query retrieved 2852 documents. During the period from 2015 to 2019, approximately 48% of the retrieved documents were published. The article about the discovery of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance in pigs received the highest number of citations (n = 1970). The Journal of Food Protection (n = 123; 4.3%) ranked first in the number of publications while the Applied and Environmental Microbiology journal ranked first in the number of citations per document. The USA led with 576 (20.2%) documents followed by China (n = 375; 13.1%). When the number of publications was standardized by income and population size, India (n = 51.5) ranked first followed by China (n = 38.3) and Brazil (n = 13.4). The growth of publications from China exceeded that of the USA in the last 3 years of the study period. Research collaboration in this field was inadequate. Mapping author keywords showed that E. coli, Salmonella, poultry, Campylobacter, chicken, cattle, and resistant genes were most frequent. The retrieved documents existed in five research themes. The largest research theme was about AMR in Salmonella in food-producing animals. The most recent research theme was about the dissemination and molecular transfer of AMR genes into the environment and among different bacterial strains. CONCLUSION Hot spots of research on AMR in food-producing animals match the world regions of reported hot spots of AMR in animals. Research collaboration in this field is of great importance, especially with low- and middle-income countries. Data on AMR need to be collected nationally and internationally to implement the "One Health" approach in the fight against AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed M Sweileh
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology/Toxicology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
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Nowakiewicz A, Zięba P, Gnat S, Matuszewski Ł. Last Call for Replacement of Antimicrobials in Animal Production: Modern Challenges, Opportunities, and Potential Solutions. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9120883. [PMID: 33317032 PMCID: PMC7762978 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9120883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The constant market demand for easily available and cheap food of animal origin necessitates an increasing use of antibiotics in animal production. The alarming data provided by organizations monitoring drug resistance in indicator and pathogenic bacteria isolated from humans and animals indicate a possible risk of a return to the preantibiotic era. For this reason, it seems that both preventive and therapeutic measures, taken as an alternative to antimicrobials, seem not only advisable but also necessary. Nevertheless, the results of various studies and market analyses, as well as difficulties in the implementation of alternative substances into veterinary medicine, do not guarantee that the selected alternatives will completely replace antimicrobials in veterinary medicine and animal production on a global scale. This publication is a brief overview of the drug resistance phenomenon and its determinants, the steps taken to solve the problem, including the introduction of alternatives to antimicrobials, and the evaluation of some factors influencing the potential implementation of alternatives in animal production. The review also presents two groups of alternatives, which, given their mechanism of action and spectrum, are most comparable to the effectiveness of antibiotics, as emphasized by the authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Nowakiewicz
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Institute of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence: or
| | - Przemysław Zięba
- State Veterinary Laboratory, Droga Męczenników Majdanka 50, 20-325 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Sebastian Gnat
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Institute of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Matuszewski
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University, Gębali 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
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Oliveira de Araujo G, Huff R, Favarini MO, Mann MB, Peters FB, Frazzon J, Guedes Frazzon AP. Multidrug Resistance in Enterococci Isolated From Wild Pampas Foxes ( Lycalopex gymnocercus) and Geoffroy's Cats ( Leopardus geoffroyi) in the Brazilian Pampa Biome. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:606377. [PMID: 33426025 PMCID: PMC7793794 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.606377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococci are ubiquitous microorganisms present in various environments and within the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and other animals. Notably, fecal enterococci are suitable indicators for monitoring antimicrobial resistance dissemination. Resistant bacterial strains recovered from the fecal samples of wild animals can highlight important aspects of environmental disturbances. In this report, we investigated antimicrobial susceptibility as well as resistance and virulence genes in fecal enterococci isolated from wild Pampas foxes (Lycalopex gymnocercus) (n = 5) and Geoffroy's cats (Leopardus geoffroyi) (n = 4) in the Brazilian Pampa biome. Enterococci were isolated from eight out of nine fecal samples and Enterococcus faecalis was identified in both animals. However, E. faecium and E. durans were only detected in Pampas foxes, while E. hirae was only detected in Geoffroy's cats. Antimicrobial susceptibility analysis showed resistance to rifampicin (94%), erythromycin (72.6%), ciprofloxacin/norfloxacin (40%), streptomycin (38%), and tetracycline (26%). The high frequency of multidrug-resistant enterococci (66%) isolated in this study is a matter of concern since these are wild animals with no history of therapeutic antibiotic exposure. The tetM/tetL and msrC/ermB genes were detected in most tetracycline- and erythromycin-resistant enterococci, respectively. The gelE, ace, agg, esp, and clyA virulence genes were also detected in enterococci. In conclusion, our data suggest that habitat fragmentation and anthropogenic activities in the Pampa biome may contribute to high frequencies of multidrug-resistant enterococci in the gut communities of wild Pampas foxes and Geoffroy's cats. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of antimicrobial-resistant enterococci in the Pampa biome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Oliveira de Araujo
- Graduate Program in Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rosana Huff
- Graduate Program in Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marina Ochoa Favarini
- Institute for the Conservation of Neotropical Carnivores- "Pró-Carnívoros", Atibaia, Brazil
| | - Michele Bertoni Mann
- Graduate Program in Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Jeverson Frazzon
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Guedes Frazzon
- Graduate Program in Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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35
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Dias TS, Nascimento RJ, Machado LS, Abreu DLC, do Nascimento ER, Pereira VLA, de Aquino MHC. Comparison of antimicrobial resistance in thermophilic Campylobacter strains isolated from conventional production and backyard poultry flocks. Br Poult Sci 2020; 62:188-192. [PMID: 33026245 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1833302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
1. The aim of this study was to compare the resistance pattern of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. isolated from conventional production (n = 34) and backyard poultry flocks (n = 36) from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The disc diffusion method and statistical tests were used for investigation and analysis of the resistance pattern of Campylobacter spp. isolated from different rearing systems.2. Antimicrobial resistance percentages to amoxycillin with clavulanic acid (AMC), ampicillin (AMP), ceftiofur (CTF), ciprofloxacin (CIP), enrofloxacin (ENO), erythromycin (ERI), gentamicin (GEN) and tetracycline (TET) were 32.4%, 44.1%, 67.6%, 97.1%, 82.4%, 26.5%, 5.9% and 38.2% in conventional production flocks respectively, while the backyard flock's resistance levels were 0.0%, 13.9%, 69.4%, 100.0%, 91.7%, 5.6%, 0.0% and 16.7%, respectively.3. Campylobacter spp. from conventional poultry production was more resistant to AMC, AMO, ERI and TET (P > 0.05) when compared to strains from backyard poultry. A higher frequency of resistance to fluoroquinolones (FLQ), CIP and ENO, was observed in strains from both systems, demonstrating the spread of resistant strains among poultry production environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Dias
- Post-graduation Program in Veterinary Medicine (Veterinary Hygiene and Processing Technology of Animal Products), Faculty of Veterinary, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Brazil
| | - R J Nascimento
- Post-graduation Program in Veterinary Medicine (Veterinary Hygiene and Processing Technology of Animal Products), Faculty of Veterinary, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Brazil
| | - L S Machado
- Post-graduation Program in Veterinary Medicine (Veterinary Hygiene and Processing Technology of Animal Products), Faculty of Veterinary, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Brazil
| | - D L C Abreu
- Post-graduation Program in Veterinary Medicine (Veterinary Hygiene and Processing Technology of Animal Products), Faculty of Veterinary, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Brazil.,Public Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Brazil
| | - E R do Nascimento
- Post-graduation Program in Veterinary Medicine (Veterinary Hygiene and Processing Technology of Animal Products), Faculty of Veterinary, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Brazil.,Public Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Brazil
| | - V L A Pereira
- Post-graduation Program in Veterinary Medicine (Veterinary Hygiene and Processing Technology of Animal Products), Faculty of Veterinary, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Brazil.,Public Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Brazil
| | - M H C de Aquino
- Post-graduation Program in Veterinary Medicine (Veterinary Hygiene and Processing Technology of Animal Products), Faculty of Veterinary, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Brazil.,Public Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Brazil
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36
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Margalho LP, van Schalkwijk S, Bachmann H, Sant’Ana AS. Enterococcus spp. in Brazilian artisanal cheeses: Occurrence and assessment of phenotypic and safety properties of a large set of strains through the use of high throughput tools combined with multivariate statistics. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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37
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Li X, Liang B, Xu D, Wu C, Li J, Zheng Y. Antimicrobial Resistance Risk Assessment Models and Database System for Animal-Derived Pathogens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E829. [PMID: 33228076 PMCID: PMC7699434 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9110829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The high use of antibiotics has made the issue of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) increasingly serious, which poses a substantial threat to the health of animals and humans. However, there remains a certain gap in the AMR system and risk assessment models between China and the advanced world level. Therefore, this paper aims to provide advanced means for the monitoring of antibiotic use and AMR data, and take piglets as an example to evaluate the risk and highlight the seriousness of AMR in China. (2) Methods: Based on the principal component analysis method, a drug resistance index model of anti-E. coli drugs was established to evaluate the antibiotic risk status in China. Additionally, based on the second-order Monte Carlo methods, a disease risk assessment model for piglets was established to predict the probability of E. coli disease within 30 days of taking florfenicol. Finally, a browser/server architecture-based visualization database system for animal-derived pathogens was developed. (3) Results: The risk of E. coli in the main area was assessed and Hohhot was the highest risk area in China. Compared with the true disease risk probability of 4.1%, the result of the disease risk assessment model is 7.174%, and the absolute error was 3.074%. Conclusions: Taking E. coli as an example, this paper provides an innovative method for rapid and accurate risk assessment of drug resistance. Additionally, the established system and assessment models have potential value for the monitoring and evaluating AMR, highlight the seriousness of antimicrobial resistance, advocate the prudent use of antibiotics, and ensure the safety of animal-derived foods and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxing Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Buwen Liang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Ding Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (D.X.); (J.L.)
| | - Congming Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Jianping Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (D.X.); (J.L.)
| | - Yongjun Zheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (D.X.); (J.L.)
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Molecular Typing and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Recovered from Bovine Mastitis and Nasal Samples. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10112143. [PMID: 33217984 PMCID: PMC7698789 DOI: 10.3390/ani10112143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Staphylococcus aureus is a major, prevalent mastitis pathogen, representing a real issue for bovine udder health, with unquestionable importance in human and veterinary medicine. The present study thus aimed to determine the antimicrobial resistance and the diversity of S. aureus recovered from transient and persistent intramammary infections and from extramammary niches (e.g., nares/muzzles) in dairy cows. We found that a large proportion of S. aureus strains exhibited multidrug resistance to antimicrobials, including resistance to antimicrobials that are critically important to human health. S. aureus isolates from transient and persistent IMIs did not differ, suggesting that the persistence of bovine intramammary infections (IMIs) was mainly determined by host factors, although S. aureus isolated from extramammary niches are not an important source of S. aureus intramammary infections. Furthermore, a discrepancy in antimicrobial resistance between S. aureus strains isolated from nares/muzzles and intramammary infections was observed. Abstract In the present study, we aimed to determine the antimicrobial resistance and molecular typing of Staphylococcus aureus recovered from transient and persistent intramammary infections and nares/muzzles in dairy cows. We investigated the antimicrobial resistance of 189 S. aureus strains using a broad antimicrobial susceptibility profile. Furthermore, 107 S. aureus isolates were strain-typed using staphylococcal protein-A (spa) typing. A large proportion of strains exhibited multidrug resistance to antimicrobials, including resistance to critically important antimicrobials, although no methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains were found. Our study did not strengthen the idea that extramammary niches (i.e., nares/muzzles) are an important source of S. aureus for bovine mastitis. A discrepancy in the antimicrobial resistance between S. aureus strains isolated from nares/muzzles and milk samples was observed. Furthermore, S. aureus isolates from transient and persistent intramammary infections (IMIs) did not differ by spa typing, suggesting that the persistence of bovine IMIs was determined by cow factors. Thus, the high level of multidrug-resistant S. aureus found in the two herds, considered together with the predominance of a well udder-adapted S. aureus strain, may contribute to our knowledge of the history of the high prevalence of mastitis caused by S. aureus, which is of great concern for animal and public health.
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Crouch CF, Nell T, Reijnders M, Donkers T, Pugh C, Patel A, Davis P, van Hulten MCW, de Vries SPW. Safety and efficacy of a novel inactivated trivalent Salmonella enterica vaccine in chickens. Vaccine 2020; 38:6741-6750. [PMID: 32888739 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Food poisoning in humans caused by Salmonella enterica remains a significant global public health concern, with the majority of infections associated with the consumption of contaminated eggs or poultry products. The safety and efficacy of a novel inactivated trivalent Salmonella enterica vaccine containing in addition to Salmonella serovars Enteritidis (O:9, serogroup D) and Typhimurium (O:4, serogroup B) also serovar Infantis (O:7, serogroup C1) formulated with an aluminium hydroxide-gel adjuvant was evaluated under field conditions. A total of 10,229 broiler breeder pullets, housed under commercial conditions, were vaccinated at 10 and 17 weeks of age by the intramuscular route in the breast muscle. The vaccine was safe with no local or systemic reactions or adverse effects on bird performance related to the vaccine detected. Vaccination resulted in notable increases in serovar specific antibodies that were maintained until at least 56 weeks of age. Vaccinated birds subjected to homologous challenges around onset of lay showed significantly reduced faecal shedding and organ invasion. Following heterologous challenge with S. Hadar (O:8, serogroup C2) faecal shedding was significantly reduced. These results demonstrate that this novel vaccine could play a significant role in a comprehensive Salmonella control programme intended to reduce both the incidence of food poisoning in humans and the use of antibiotics during poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin F Crouch
- MSD Animal Health, Walton Manor, Milton Keynes MK7 7AJ, UK
| | - Tom Nell
- MSD Animal Health, Wim de Körverstraat 35, 5831 AN Boxmeer, Netherlands
| | - Martine Reijnders
- MSD Animal Health, Wim de Körverstraat 35, 5831 AN Boxmeer, Netherlands
| | - Ton Donkers
- MSD Animal Health, Wim de Körverstraat 35, 5831 AN Boxmeer, Netherlands
| | - Chris Pugh
- MSD Animal Health, Walton Manor, Milton Keynes MK7 7AJ, UK
| | - Amit Patel
- MSD Animal Health, Walton Manor, Milton Keynes MK7 7AJ, UK
| | - Phil Davis
- MSD Animal Health, Walton Manor, Milton Keynes MK7 7AJ, UK
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40
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Rodrigues GL, Panzenhagen P, Ferrari RG, Dos Santos A, Paschoalin VMF, Conte-Junior CA. Frequency of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Salmonella From Brazil by in silico Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis: An Overview of the Last Four Decades. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1864. [PMID: 32849452 PMCID: PMC7426471 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is a leading human pathogen and a significant public health concern worldwide. Massive food production and distribution have contributed to this pathogen dissemination, which, combined with antimicrobial resistance (AMR), creates new control challenges in food safety. The development of AMR is a natural phenomenon and can occur in the bacterial evolutionary process. However, the overuse and the misuse of antimicrobial drugs in humans and in animals have increased AMR selective pressure. In Brazil, there is an accuracy lack in AMR frequency in Salmonella because too many isolates are under-investigated for genetic and phenotypic AMR by the Brazilian health authorities and the research community. This underreporting situation makes the comprehension of the real level of Salmonella AMR in the country difficult. The present study aimed to use bioinformatics tools for a rapid in silico screening of the genetic antimicrobial resistance profile of Salmonella through whole-genome sequences (WGS). A total of 930 whole-genome sequences of Salmonella were retrieved from the public database of the National Biotechnology Information Center (NCBI). A total of 65 distinct resistance genes were detected, and the most frequent ones were tet(A), sul2, and fosA7. Nine point mutations were detected in total, and parC at the 57 position (threonine → serine) was the highest frequent substitution (26.7%, 249/930), followed by gyrA at the 83 position (serine → phenylalanine) (20.0%, 186/930) and at the 87 position (aspartic acid → asparagine) (15.7%, 146/930). The in silico prediction of resistance phenotype showed that 58.0% (540/930) of the strains can display a multidrug resistance (MDR) profile. Ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid were the antimicrobial drugs with the highest frequency rates of the predicted phenotype resistance among the strains. The temporal analysis through the last four decades showed increased frequency rates of antimicrobial resistance genes and predicted resistance phenotypes in the 2000s and the 2010s when compared with the 1980s and 1990s. The results presented herein contributed significantly to the understanding of the strategic use of WGS associated with in silico analysis and the predictions for the determination of AMR in Salmonella from Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazielle Lima Rodrigues
- Nucleus of Food Analysis (NAL), Laboratory for the Support of Technological Development (LADETEC), Chemistry Institute, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Food Science Graduate Program (PPGCAL), Chemistry Institute, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro Panzenhagen
- Nucleus of Food Analysis (NAL), Laboratory for the Support of Technological Development (LADETEC), Chemistry Institute, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Food Science Graduate Program (PPGCAL), Chemistry Institute, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Gomes Ferrari
- Nucleus of Food Analysis (NAL), Laboratory for the Support of Technological Development (LADETEC), Chemistry Institute, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Food Science Graduate Program (PPGCAL), Chemistry Institute, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anamaria Dos Santos
- Nucleus of Food Analysis (NAL), Laboratory for the Support of Technological Development (LADETEC), Chemistry Institute, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Food Science Graduate Program (PPGCAL), Chemistry Institute, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vania Margaret Flosi Paschoalin
- Food Science Graduate Program (PPGCAL), Chemistry Institute, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
- Nucleus of Food Analysis (NAL), Laboratory for the Support of Technological Development (LADETEC), Chemistry Institute, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Food Science Graduate Program (PPGCAL), Chemistry Institute, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Health Surveillance Graduate Program (PPGVS), National Institute for Quality Control in Health (INCQS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Hedman HD, Vasco KA, Zhang L. A Review of Antimicrobial Resistance in Poultry Farming within Low-Resource Settings. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1264. [PMID: 32722312 PMCID: PMC7460429 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence, spread, and persistence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remain a pressing global health issue. Animal husbandry, in particular poultry, makes up a substantial portion of the global antimicrobial use. Despite the growing body of research evaluating the AMR within industrial farming systems, there is a gap in understanding the emergence of bacterial resistance originating from poultry within resource-limited environments. As countries continue to transition from low- to middle income countries (LMICs), there will be an increased demand for quality sources of animal protein. Further promotion of intensive poultry farming could address issues of food security, but it may also increase risks of AMR exposure to poultry, other domestic animals, wildlife, and human populations. Given that intensively raised poultry can function as animal reservoirs for AMR, surveillance is needed to evaluate the impacts on humans, other animals, and the environment. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of poultry production within low-resource settings in order to inform future small-scale poultry farming development. Future research is needed in order to understand the full extent of the epidemiology and ecology of AMR in poultry within low-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden D. Hedman
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Karla A. Vasco
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (K.A.V.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (K.A.V.); (L.Z.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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