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Wang X, Xue J, Zhang R, Li Y, Li X, Ding Y, Feng Y, Zhang X, Yang Y, Su J, Chu X. Prebiotic characteristics of degraded polysaccharides from Acanthopanax senticosus polysaccharide on broilers gut microbiota based on in vitro digestion and fecal fermentation. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103807. [PMID: 38713991 PMCID: PMC11091693 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of low molecular weight Acanthopanax polysaccharides on simulated digestion, probiotics, and intestinal flora of broilers in vitro. The experiments were carried out by H2O2-Vc degradation of Acanthopanax polysaccharides, in vitro simulated digestion to evaluate the digestive performance of polysaccharides with different molecular weights, in vitro probiotic evaluation of the probiotic effect of polysaccharides on lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, in vitro anaerobic fermentation and high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes to study the impact of Acanthopanax polysaccharides on the intestinal flora of broilers, and the effect of Acanthopanax polysaccharides on the short-chain fatty acids of intestines were determined by GC-MS method. The results showed that the molecular weight of Acanthopanax polysaccharide (ASPS) was 9,543 Da, and the molecular weights of polysaccharides ASPS-1 and ASPS-2 were reduced to 4,288 Da and 3,822 Da after degradation, and the particle sizes, PDIs, and viscosities were also significantly decreased. ASPS-1 has anti-digestive properties and better in vitro probiotic properties. The addition of ASPS-1 regulates the structure of intestinal microorganisms by regulating fecalibacterium to produce short-chain fatty acids, promoting the colonization of beneficial bacteria such as fecalibacterium, paraprevotella and diminishing the prevalence of detrimental bacteria such as Fusobacteria. Interestingly the ASPS-1 group found higher levels of Paraprevotella, which degraded trypsin in the gut, reducing inflammation, acted as a gut protector, and was influential in increasing the levels of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, and total SCFAs in the fermented feces. Therefore, the degraded ASPS-1 can better regulate the structure of intestinal flora and promote the production of SCFAs, creating possibilities for its use as a potential prebiotic, which is conducive to the intestinal health of poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Wang
- College of Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Jiaojiao Xue
- College of Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- College of Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Yi Ding
- College of Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Yichao Feng
- College of Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Xueping Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Yaosen Yang
- College of Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Jianqing Su
- College of Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Xiuling Chu
- College of Agronomy and Agricultural Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China.
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Almeida CF, Faria M, Carvalho J, Pinho E. Contribution of nanotechnology to greater efficiency in animal nutrition and production. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024. [PMID: 38767313 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Feed costs present a major burden in animal production for human consumption, representing a key opportunity for cost reduction and profit improvement. Nanotechnology offers potential to increase productivity by creating higher-quality and safer products. The feed sector has benefited from the use of nanosystems to improve the stability and bioavailability of feed ingredients. The development of nanotechnology products for feed must consider the challenges raised by biological barriers as well as regulatory requirements. While some nanotechnology-based products are already commercially available for animal production, the exponential growth and application of these products requires further research ensuring their safety and the establishment of comprehensive legislative frameworks and regulatory guidelines. Thus, this article provides an overview of the current state of the art regarding nanotechnology solutions applied in feed, as well as the risks and opportunities aimed to help researchers and livestock producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina F Almeida
- INIAV - National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Vairão, Portugal
| | | | | | - Eva Pinho
- INIAV - National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Vairão, Portugal
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, Porto, Portugal
- AliCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Porto, Portugal
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Ruan D, Wu S, Fouad AM, Zhu Y, Huang W, Chen Z, Gou Z, Wang Y, Han Y, Yan S, Zheng C, Jiang S. Curcumin alleviates LPS-induced intestinal homeostatic imbalance through reshaping gut microbiota structure and regulating group 3 innate lymphoid cells in chickens. Food Funct 2022; 13:11811-11824. [PMID: 36306140 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02598a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal dysfunction is associated with a disturbance of immune homeostasis, changes in the intestinal microbiome, alteration of the composition of the bile acid pool, and dynamic imbalance of group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s). Curcumin (CUR), a polyphenolic compound isolated from turmeric, has been known to attenuate intestinal inflammation in potential therapies for gastrointestinal diseases. It was hypothesized that CUR could target the gut microbiome to modulate bile acid (BA) metabolism and the function of ILC3s in ameliorating lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced imbalance of intestinal homeostasis in chickens. Seven hundred and twenty 1-day-old crossbred chickens were randomly divided into four treatments, namely CON_saline (basal diet + saline control), CUR_saline (basal diet + 300 mg kg-1 curcumin + saline), CON_LPS (basal diet + LPS), and CUR_LPS (basal diet + 300 mg kg-1 curcumin + LPS), each consisting of 6 replicates of 30 birds. On days 14, 17, and 21, the chickens in the CON_LPS and CUR_LPS treatments were intraperitoneally injected with LPS at 0.5 mg per kg BW. Dietary CUR supplementation significantly decreased LPS-induced suppression of growth performance and injury to the intestinal tight junctions and decreased the vulnerability to LPS-induced acute inflammatory response by inhibiting pro-inflammatory (interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α) cytokines. CUR reshaped the cecal microbial community and BA metabolism, contributing to regulation of the intestinal mucosal immunity by promoting the anti-inflammatory (interleukin 10, IL-10) cytokines and enhancing the concentrations of primary and secondary BA metabolites (chenodexycholic acid, lithocholic acid). LPS decreased farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and G protein-coupled receptor class C group 5 member A synthesis, which was reversed by CUR administration, along with an increase in interleukin 22 (IL-22) production from ILC3s. Dietary supplementation of CUR increased the prevalence of Butyricicoccus and Enterococcus and enhanced the tricarboxylic acid cycle of intestinal epithelial cells. In addition, curcumin supplementation significantly increased sirtuin 1 and sirtuin 5 transcription and protein expression, which contributes to regulating mitochondrial metabolic and oxidative stress responses to alleviate LPS-induced enteritis. Our findings demonstrated that curcumin played a pivotal role in regulating the structure of the intestinal microbiome for health promotion and the treatment of intestinal dysbiosis. The beneficial effects of CUR may be attributed to the modulation of the BA-FXR pathway and inhibition of inflammation that induces IL-22 secretion by ILC3s in the intestinal lamina propria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ruan
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Shaowen Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ahmed Mohamed Fouad
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Yongwen Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenjie Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhilong Chen
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Zhongyong Gou
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Yibing Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Yongquan Han
- Guangzhou Cohoo Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Shijuan Yan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chuntian Zheng
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Shouqun Jiang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Ye J, Zhang C, Fan Q, Lin X, Wang Y, Azzam M, Alhotan R, Alqhtani A, Jiang S. Antrodia cinnamomea polysaccharide improves liver antioxidant, anti-inflammatory capacity, and cecal flora structure of slow-growing broiler breeds challenged with lipopolysaccharide. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:994782. [PMID: 36299632 PMCID: PMC9588918 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.994782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induces liver inflammatory response by activating the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Antrodia cinnamomea polysaccharide (ACP) is a medicinal mushroom that can protect from intoxication, liver injury, and inflammation. Nevertheless, the effect of ACP on the liver antioxidant, anti-inflammatory capacity and cecal flora structure of LPS-challenged broilers remains unclear. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of ACP on the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory capacities of the liver, and cecal microbiota in slow-growing broilers stimulated by LPS. A total of 750 slow-growing broilers (9-day-old) were assigned to five treatments with 6 replicates of 25 chicks per replicate: a control diet, the chicks were fed a control diet and challenged with LPS. Dietary treatments 3 to 5 were the control diet supplemented with 100, 200, 400 mg/kg ACP challenged with LPS, respectively. The groups of 100 mg/kg ACP supplementation significantly increased liver index, pancreas index, and bursa of Fabricius index (P < 0.05). The GSH-Px content of LPS-challenged broilers was lower than that of the control group (P < 0.001), but the content of MDA increased (P < 0.001). Feeding with 100 mg/kg ACP resulted in increased the activity of T-AOC, GSH-Px, and T-SOD, and decreased MDA content (P < 0.05). The activity of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 of the LPS group increased, but these indicators were decreased with supplemental 100 mg/kg ACP (P < 0.05). Dietary application of ACP up to 100 mg/kg down-regulated (P < 0.05) the expression of TLR4/NF-κB pathway in the liver induced by LPS. The results of 16S rRNA demonstrated that feeding with 100 mg/kg ACP can change the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota, and restrained the decline of beneficial cecal microbiota (typically Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium, and Christensenellaceae R-7 group) in the challenged LPS group (P < 0.05). Conclusively, feeding a diet with 100 mg/kg ACP may have beneficial effects on liver damage and the bacterial microbiota diversity and composition in the ceca of LPS-stressed slow-growing broiler breeds, probably because of its combined favorable effects on antioxidants and cytokines contents, and restoration the decline of beneficial cecal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiajing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yibing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mahmoud Azzam
- Department of Animal Production College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashed Alhotan
- Department of Animal Production College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmohsen Alqhtani
- Department of Animal Production College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shouqun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Shouqun Jiang
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Wang GL, Li JY, Wang Y, Chen Y, Wen QL. Extraction, Structure and Bioactivity of Polysaccharides from Tricholoma matsutake (S. Ito et Imai) Singer (Review). APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683822040184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Lei T, Wu D, Song Z, Ren Y, Yu Q, Qi C, Xiao P, Gong J. Research Note:Effects of different anticoccidial regimens on the growth performance, hematological parameters, immune response, and intestinal coccidial lesion scores of yellow-feathered broilers. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102019. [PMID: 35973348 PMCID: PMC9396393 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow-feathered broiler chickens generally have a longer growth cycle than white broilers and therefore face different coccidiosis challenges. General single vaccine and drug regimens struggle to prevent coccidiosis for yellow broilers. In this study, a single vaccine, and a combination of coccidiostat regimens was employed to explore the preventative and control effects of different pilot regimens on coccidiosis in yellow-feathered broilers. A total of 2,000 one day old Chinese Huang Youma female broilers were allocated into 4 experimental groups, each with 5 replicates. All birds were fed the same starter feed from Days 1 to 25, and all groups were inoculated with a vaccine on Day 4. After Day 26, the groups were then fed as follows: (1) Negative control group: basal diet + vaccine (NC); (2) NC + maduramycin (NCMD); (3) NC + narasin (NCNR); and (4) NC + salinomycin (NCSL). From Days 26 to 75, the NCNR group had a lower FCR than the other groups. The 75-d BW was higher in the NCNR group than in the NCSL group but was not significantly higher than that in the NC and NCMD groups. The growth performance followed the same trend during the whole experiment (Days 1–75). Compared to the NC group, the NCNR and NCSL groups had higher intestinal mucosa SIgA concentrations at Day 40 and Day 60 (P < 0.001); however the NCMD group had lower IgG levels at Day 40 and Day 60 (P = 0.036, P = 0.006 respectively). The combination groups had significantly reduced AKP levels and urine acid concentrations at Day 60 in comparison to those of the NC group (P = 0.004). The NCNR and NCMD groups had less severe intestinal coccidiosis lesion scores than the NC and NCSL groups in older birds. Thus, a single vaccine and/or combinations with different coccidiostats had different effects on broilers. The NCNR group showed comparatively better growth performance, blood biochemical indices, immune response, and coccidiosis lesion scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Lei
- Elanco (Shanghai) Animal Health Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China.
| | - Dawei Wu
- Hesheng Food Group Co., Ltd, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zheng Song
- Elanco (Shanghai) Animal Health Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Ren
- Hesheng Food Group Co., Ltd, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- Elanco (Shanghai) Animal Health Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Changxue Qi
- Elanco (Shanghai) Animal Health Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Pan Xiao
- Elanco (Shanghai) Animal Health Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Gong
- Elanco (Shanghai) Animal Health Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
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Niu X, Ding Y, Chen S, Gooneratne R, Ju X. Effect of Immune Stress on Growth Performance and Immune Functions of Livestock: Mechanisms and Prevention. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12070909. [PMID: 35405897 PMCID: PMC8996973 DOI: 10.3390/ani12070909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Immune stress is an important stressor in domestic animals that leads to decreased feed intake, slow growth, and reduced disease resistance of pigs and poultry. Especially in high-density animal feeding conditions, the risk factor of immune stress is extremely high, as they are easily harmed by pathogens, and frequent vaccinations are required to enhance the immunity function of the animals. This review mainly describes the causes, mechanisms of immune stress and its prevention and treatment measures. This provides a theoretical basis for further research and development of safe and efficient prevention and control measures for immune stress in animals. Abstract Immune stress markedly affects the immune function and growth performance of livestock, including poultry, resulting in financial loss to farmers. It can lead to decreased feed intake, reduced growth, and intestinal disorders. Studies have shown that pathogen-induced immune stress is mostly related to TLR4-related inflammatory signal pathway activation, excessive inflammatory cytokine release, oxidative stress, hormonal disorders, cell apoptosis, and intestinal microbial disorders. This paper reviews the occurrence of immune stress in livestock, its impact on immune function and growth performance, and strategies for immune stress prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Niu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (X.N.); (Y.D.); (S.C.)
- Marine Medical Research and Development Centre, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518018, China
| | - Yuexia Ding
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (X.N.); (Y.D.); (S.C.)
| | - Shengwei Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (X.N.); (Y.D.); (S.C.)
- Marine Medical Research and Development Centre, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518018, China
| | - Ravi Gooneratne
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand;
| | - Xianghong Ju
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (X.N.); (Y.D.); (S.C.)
- Marine Medical Research and Development Centre, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518018, China
- Correspondence:
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Elnesr SS, Elwan HAM, El Sabry MI, Shehata AM, Alagawany M. Impact of chitosan on productive and physiological performance and gut health of poultry. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2022.2041992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaaban S. Elnesr
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Hamada A. M. Elwan
- Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minya, Egypt
| | - Mohamed I. El Sabry
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdelrazeq M. Shehata
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Huo J, Wu Z, Sun W, Wang Z, Wu J, Huang M, Wang B, Sun B. Protective Effects of Natural Polysaccharides on Intestinal Barrier Injury: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:711-735. [PMID: 35078319 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their minimal side effects and effective protection from oxidative stress, inflammation, and malignant growth, natural polysaccharides (NPs) are a potential adjuvant therapy for several diseases caused by intestinal barrier injury (IBI). More studies are accumulating on the protective effects of NPs with respect to IBI, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Thus, this review aims to represent current studies that investigate the protective effects of NPs on IBI by directly maintaining intestinal epithelial barrier integrity (inhibiting oxidative stress, regulating inflammatory cytokine expression, and increasing tight junction protein expression) and indirectly regulating intestinal immunity and microbiota. Furthermore, the mechanisms underlying IBI development are briefly introduced, and the structure-activity relationships of polysaccharides with intestinal barrier protection effects are discussed. Potential developments and challenges associated with NPs exhibiting protective effects against IBI have also been highlighted to guide the application of NPs in the treatment of intestinal diseases caused by IBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Huo
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Weizheng Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jihong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingquan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
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Ferraboschi P, Ciceri S, Grisenti P. Applications of Lysozyme, an Innate Immune Defense Factor, as an Alternative Antibiotic. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:1534. [PMID: 34943746 PMCID: PMC8698798 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysozyme is a ~14 kDa protein present in many mucosal secretions (tears, saliva, and mucus) and tissues of animals and plants, and plays an important role in the innate immunity, providing protection against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Three main different types of lysozymes are known: the c-type (chicken or conventional type), the g-type (goose type), and the i-type (invertebrate type). It has long been the subject of several applications due to its antimicrobial properties. The problem of antibiotic resistance has stimulated the search for new molecules or new applications of known compounds. The use of lysozyme as an alternative antibiotic is the subject of this review, which covers the results published over the past two decades. This review is focused on the applications of lysozyme in medicine, (the treatment of infectious diseases, wound healing, and anti-biofilm), veterinary, feed, food preservation, and crop protection. It is available from a wide range of sources, in addition to the well-known chicken egg white, and its synergism with other compounds, endowed with antimicrobial activity, are also summarized. An overview of the modified lysozyme applications is provided in the form of tables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Ferraboschi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via C. Saldini 50, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Samuele Ciceri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy;
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Abo-Al-Ela HG, El-Kassas S, El-Naggar K, Abdo SE, Jahejo AR, Al Wakeel RA. Stress and immunity in poultry: light management and nanotechnology as effective immune enhancers to fight stress. Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:457-472. [PMID: 33847921 PMCID: PMC8065079 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-021-01204-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The poultry industry plays a significant role in boosting the economy of several countries, particularly developing countries, and acts as a good, cheap, and affordable source of animal protein. A stress-free environment is the main target in poultry production. There are several stressors, such as cold stress, heat stress, high stocking density, and diseases that can affect birds and cause several deleterious changes. Stress reduces feed intake and growth, as well as impairs immune response and function, resulting in high disease susceptibility. These effects are correlated with higher corticosteroid levels that modulate several immune pathways such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and Toll-like receptor signaling along with induction of excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thus oxidative stress. Several approaches have been considered to boost bird immunity to overcome stress-associated effects. Of these, dietary supplementation of certain nutrients and management modifications, such as light management, are commonly considered. Dietary supplementations improve bird immunity by improving the development of lymphoid tissues and triggering beneficial immune modulators and responses. Since nano-minerals have higher bioavailability compared to inorganic or organic forms, they are highly recommended to be included in the bird's diet during stress. Additionally, light management is considered a cheap and safe approach to control stress. Changing light from continuous to intermittent and using monochromatic light instead of the normal light improve bird performance and health. Such changes in light management are associated with a reduction of ROS production and increased antioxidant production. In this review, we discuss the impact of stress on the immune system of birds and the transcriptome of oxidative stress and immune-related genes, in addition, how nano-minerals supplementations and light system modulate or mitigate stress-associated effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham G Abo-Al-Ela
- Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fish Resources, Suez University, Suez, 43518, Egypt.
| | - Seham El-Kassas
- Animal, Poultry and Fish Breeding and Production, Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt.
| | - Karima El-Naggar
- Department of Nutrition and Veterinary Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, 22758, Egypt
| | - Safaa E Abdo
- Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Ali Raza Jahejo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China
| | - Rasha A Al Wakeel
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
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Effect of Inclusion of Degraded and Non-Degraded Date Pits in Broilers' Diet on their Intestinal Microbiota and Growth Performance. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10112041. [PMID: 33167357 PMCID: PMC7694391 DOI: 10.3390/ani10112041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In developing countries, most of the feedstuffs for animal nutrition are imported. Therefore, great attention has been focused on the use of agro-industrial by-products as feedstuffs to improve the feeding value of animal nutrition. These improvements can be induced by different means, including feed additive supplements, such as enzymes, probiotics, prebiotics, and organic acids. Other factors can also induce enhancement such as grinding, autoclaving, pelleting, and solid-state degradation by cellulolytic fungi. These methods aim to enhance the digestion of complex carbohydrates and decrease anti-nutritional constituents. In this study, the impact of non-degraded date pits (NDDP) and degraded date pits (DDP) using the cellulolytic fungus Trichoderma reesei in broiler’s diets on the gut bacterial growth and growth performance was investigated. It was found that when DDP are present at a rate of 10% of the broilers’ diet, it boosted gut health by increasing prebiotic production, thus serving as a growth promoter in broilers’ nutrition. Abstract The current study aims to assess the effect of non-degraded date pits (NDDP) and degraded date pits (DDP) in broilers’ diets on gut microbiota and growth performance. The degradation of date pits (DP) occurred via the cellulolytic fungus Trichoderma reesei by a solid-state degradation procedure. One-day-old Brazilian broilers were allocated into six dietary groups: (1) maize–soy diet, (2) maize–soy diet with oxytetracycline (20%, 50 g 100 kg−1), (3) maize–soy diet with 5% NDDP, (4) maize–soy diet with 10% NDDP, (5) maize–soy diet with 5% DDP, and (6) maize–soy diet with 10% DDP. At the end of the trial, the total count of bacteria was significantly (p < 0.05) less in broilers fed 10% DDP diet (treatment 6) compared with the control group (treatment 1). In addition, DDP and oxytetracycline control diets have a similar diminishing effect on total bacterial counts and the populations of Salmonella, Campylobacter, Shigella spp., and Escherichia coli. Over 35 days of trial, weight gains were similar among the six dietary groups. Our results showed that DDP and control diets have a similar effect on growth performance. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was poorer in broilers fed NDDP diets than other treatments. The European Production Efficiency Index (EPEI) was greater with 5% and 10% DDP than those fed NDDP at the same levels, with no significant variance from the control and antibiotic-supplemented diet (treatment 2). Overall, it can be suggested that maintaining 10% of DDP can partly replace dietary maize while also serves as a gut health enhancer and thus a growth promoter in the diet for broilers.
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