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Benetel G, Fagundes GM, de Méo-Filho P, Silva TDS, Welter KC, Melo FA, Lobo AAG, Frighetto RTS, Berndt A, Muir JP, Bueno ICDS. Essential Oils in Nellore Beef Cattle: In Vivo Impact on Rumen Emissions. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1664. [PMID: 38891711 PMCID: PMC11171147 DOI: 10.3390/ani14111664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs), as rumen additives, decreased CH4 emissions in in vitro trials but results from in vivo studies are still limited. We investigated the effects of Origanum vulgare (OEO) and Thymus vulgaris (TEO) EOs on in vivo methane emissions from Nellore beef cattle. Six adult rumen-cannulated Nellore cattle were used in a double 3 × 3 Latin square design. Treatments consisted of three diets containing either 3 mL OEO per kg of concentrate, 3 mL TEO/kg of concentrate, or no EO addition. The experimental period consisted of three 21 d feeding periods and methane production was measured using the sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) technique from Day 16 to Day 21 of each feeding period. Intake, total apparent digestibility (dry matter as well as neutral and acid detergent fiber), and rumen parameters (pH, ammoniacal nitrogen concentration, and short-chain fatty acids) were also evaluated. The EOs did not decrease CH4 emissions and had no effect on rumen parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Benetel
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Gisele Maria Fagundes
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Roraima-UFRR, BR 174, Km 12, Boa Vista 69300-000, RR, Brazil
| | - Paulo de Méo-Filho
- Department of Animal Science, University of California-UC Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Thaysa Dos Santos Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Katiéli Caroline Welter
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávia Alves Melo
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Annelise Aila Gomes Lobo
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre Berndt
- Research and Development, Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Rod Washington Luiz, Km 23, São Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil
| | - James Pierre Muir
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, 1229 North U.S. Hwy 281, Stephenville, TX 76401, USA
| | - Ives Cláudio da Silva Bueno
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
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Munguía-Ameca G, Ortega-Cerrilla ME, Herrera-Haro JG, Bárcena-Gama R, Nava-Cuéllar C, Zetina-Córdoba P. Growth Performance, Rumen Fermentation, In Vivo Digestibility, and Meat Quality of Pelibuey Lambs Fed a Diet with Ensiled Coffee Pulp. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3462. [PMID: 38003080 PMCID: PMC10668683 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Coffee pulp has been included in ruminant diets; but until now, little has been known about how the addition of ensiled coffee pulp (ECP) affects the growth performance of lambs. This study explores the diet's antioxidant capacity, tannins, and caffeine concentration and its effect on water intake, growth performance, rumen variables, in vivo digestibility, nitrogen balance, and carcass and meat characteristics of lambs fed ECP. Thirty-six male Pelibuey lambs were distributed randomly to one of three treatments (n = 12): without ECP0; diet with 10% ECP10, and diet with 20% ECP20. The diets' antioxidant capacity, tannins, and caffeine concentration were similar (p > 0.05) for all treatments. The diets' antioxidant compounds and the blood serum's antioxidant capacity were affected (p < 0.05). Dry matter and water intake, body-weight gain, and feed conversion were not significant (p > 0.05). No differences (p > 0.05) were found in the rumen variables or the nitrogen balance. However, the in vivo digestibility of crude protein was affected (p < 0.05). Carcass and meat quality were not affected (p > 0.05) by the inclusion of ECP, except temperature and redness (a*) at seven days of storage, respectively. Including up to 20% of ECP in the diet of lambs did not affect the growth performance, rumen variables, or nitrogen balance; however, the antioxidant compounds of the diets, the antioxidant capacity in blood serum, and the in vivo digestibility of crude protein were different. There was an increase in the redness (a*) and lower temperature in the Longissimus dorsi muscle, keeping lightness (L*), yellowness (b*), water-holding capacity, and texture at seven storage days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela Munguía-Ameca
- Programa de Recursos Genéticos y Productividad-Ganadería, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Montecillo 56230, Estado de México, Mexico; (G.M.-A.); (J.G.H.-H.); (R.B.-G.)
| | - María Esther Ortega-Cerrilla
- Programa de Recursos Genéticos y Productividad-Ganadería, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Montecillo 56230, Estado de México, Mexico; (G.M.-A.); (J.G.H.-H.); (R.B.-G.)
| | - José Guadalupe Herrera-Haro
- Programa de Recursos Genéticos y Productividad-Ganadería, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Montecillo 56230, Estado de México, Mexico; (G.M.-A.); (J.G.H.-H.); (R.B.-G.)
| | - Ricardo Bárcena-Gama
- Programa de Recursos Genéticos y Productividad-Ganadería, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Montecillo 56230, Estado de México, Mexico; (G.M.-A.); (J.G.H.-H.); (R.B.-G.)
| | - Cuauhtémoc Nava-Cuéllar
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Pedro Zetina-Córdoba
- Programa de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Politécnica de Huatusco, Huatusco de Chicuéllar 94100, Veracruz, Mexico
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Abraham G, Kechero Y, Andualem D. Nutritional quality of indigenous legume browse in southern Ethiopia: farmers' preference and correlation of local valuation of feed value with scientific indicators. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1198212. [PMID: 37671277 PMCID: PMC10475582 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1198212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Developing a technology for fodder trees and shrubs tailored to farmers' preferences is best done with their input, perceptions, and interests in mind. Objective The research aimed to determine farmer preferences for indigenous legumes, fodder trees, and shrubs (ILFTS) and to examine the relationship between feed valuation and scientific parameters. Methods A focus group discussion (FGD) was conducted with 10 farmers in each agroecological zone to determine the benchmarks for the preference ratings. The respondent farmers used the preference score sheet to rate all ILFTS on an individual basis. Twenty farmers with extensive experience in ILFTS took part in the preference score rating of each plant species in each agroecosystems. Dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), ash, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), metabolizable energy (ME) and condensed tannin (CT) content of the samples were determined. The standard two-stage in vitro Tilley and Terry method was used to measure the in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) of samples. Digestible organic matter in dry matter (DOMD) and ME values were estimated using standard models. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the variation among the species in agroecosystems. Tukey HSD tests were used for mean separation. Results and discussions Farmers evaluated the ILFTS using a variety of parameters, according to the study (feed value, growth rate, biomass output, compatibility, and multifunctionality). The farmers' ILFTS preference score on the evaluation criteria differed considerably (p<0.05) with species in agroecosystems. The CP, ash, and ME values of ILFTS in the study were moderate to high although exhibited a wide variation among the species in agroecosystems. The CP content was above the minimum requirement (8%) to support the normal function of rumen microorganisms. Moreover, CP content exhibited a positive significant correlation with IVDMD, IVOMD, and DOMD, unlike CT and ADL which exhibited a negative significant correlation. Conversely, the DM, OM, CP, IVDMD, IVOMD, DOMD, and ME were shown a positive significant correlation with farmers' feed value preference score, unlike the ADL and CT which exhibited a negative significant correlation. Conclusions Farmers' indigenous knowledge of feed value is therefore relevant for judging the nutritive value of the ILFTS and could complement the scientific indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getachew Abraham
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Arba-Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Yisehak Kechero
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Arba-Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Dereje Andualem
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
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Castillo-Lopez E, Rivera-Chacon R, Ricci S, Reisinger N, Zebeli Q. Changes in fermentation profile of the reticulorumen and hindgut, and nutrient digestion in dry cows fed concentrate-rich diets supplemented with a phytogenic feed additive. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:5747-5760. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-21786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Essential Oils as In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation Manipulators to Mitigate Methane Emission by Beef Cattle Grazing Tropical Grasses. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072227. [PMID: 35408626 PMCID: PMC9000866 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing pressure to identify natural feed additives to mitigate methane emissions from livestock systems. Our objective was to investigate the effects of essential oils (EO) extracts star anise (Illicium verum), citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus), clove bud (Eugenia caryophyllus), staigeriana eucalyptus (Eucalyptus staigeriana), globulus eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus), ginger (Zingiber officinale), ho wood (Cinnamomum camphora), melaleuca (Melaleuca alternifolia), oregano (Origanum vulgare) and white thyme (Thymus vulgaris) on in vitro methane emissions from four rumen-cannulated Nellore cattle grazing a tropical grass pasture as inoculum donors. The semi-automated gas production technique was used to assess total gas production, dry matter degradability, partitioning factor, ammoniacal nitrogen, short-chain fatty acids and methane production. All essential oils were tested in four doses (0, 50, 250 and 500 mg/L) in a randomized block design, arranged with four blocks, 10 treatments, four doses and two replicates. Within our study, oregano and white Thyme EO reduced net methane production at 250 mg/L, without affecting substrate degradation. Essential oils from oregano and white thyme have the potential to modify ruminal fermentation and suppress rumen methanogenesis without negative effects on feed digestibility, indicating promise as alternatives to ionophores for methane reduction in beef cattle.
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De Bellis P, Maggiolino A, Albano C, De Palo P, Blando F. Ensiling Grape Pomace With and Without Addition of a Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Strain: Effect on Polyphenols and Microbiological Characteristics, in vitro Nutrient Apparent Digestibility, and Gas Emission. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:808293. [PMID: 35280128 PMCID: PMC8907520 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.808293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of different grape pomace storage techniques on the effectiveness as feed on in vitro ruminant digestion efficiency. Grape pomace from an autochthonous red grape variety (cv Nero di Troia) was used as fresh (GP) or ensiled, both without additives (SIL) and with the addition of a bacterial strain, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 5BG (SIL+). All the different storage treatments were subject to chemical and microbiological evaluation, as well as in vitro digestibility, and gas production. Microbiological data revealed the good quality of grape pomace and silages due to the lactic acid bacteria populations and low presence, or absence, of undesirable microorganisms. The addition of L. plantarum 5BG influenced the chemical characteristics of the silage (SIL+). Ensiling technique deeply changed the polyphenolic composition, reducing anthocyanins, flavonols, and flavanols (condensed tannins precursors), particularly when L. plantarum 5BG was added. Antioxidant capacity was reduced by ensiling, in correlation with the polyphenolic content decrease. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) value of SIL+ was the lowest (P < 0.01) and its total phenol content was lower than SIL (P < 0.01). No statistical differences were observed between GP, SIL, and SIL+ on the antioxidant capacity by TEAC assay (P > 0.05). Ensiling did not affect the grape pomace nutrient profile, except for the reduction in NFC content. Apparent in vitro digestibility showed how ensiling increased dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), and non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC) disappearance (P < 0.01), particularly with the L. plantarum 5BG inoculation. Moreover, SIL+ showed the lowest propionic acid (P < 0.05) and the highest methane (P < 0.01), butyric acid (P < 0.01), and nitrogen (P < 0.05) in vitro production. Ensiling GP resulted in a better in vitro digestibility, particularly if L. plantarum 5BG strain is added, probably due to the reduction of flavanols and their lower microbial activity inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palmira De Bellis
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italy
| | - Aristide Maggiolino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
- *Correspondence: Aristide Maggiolino
| | - Clara Albano
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Lecce, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Palo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Federica Blando
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Lecce, Italy
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Thanh LP, Kha PTT, Hang TTT. Jackfruit leaves can totally replace traditional grass in the diet of lactating dairy goats. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2022.2035734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lam Phuoc Thanh
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Viet Nam
| | - Pham Truong Thoai Kha
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Viet Nam
| | - Tran Thi Thuy Hang
- Department of Agricultural Technology, College of Rural Development, Can Tho University, Hau Giang, Viet Nam
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Roldan MB, Cousins G, Muetzel S, Zeller WE, Fraser K, Salminen JP, Blanc A, Kaur R, Richardson K, Maher D, Jahufer Z, Woodfield DR, Caradus JR, Voisey CR. Condensed Tannins in White Clover ( Trifolium repens) Foliar Tissues Expressing the Transcription Factor TaMYB14-1 Bind to Forage Protein and Reduce Ammonia and Methane Emissions in vitro. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:777354. [PMID: 35069633 PMCID: PMC8774771 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.777354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Grazing ruminants contribute to global climate change through enteric methane and nitrous oxide emissions. However, animal consumption of the plant polyphenolics, proanthocyanidins, or condensed tannins (CTs) can decrease both methane emissions and urine nitrogen levels, leading to reduced nitrous oxide emissions, and concomitantly increase animal health and production. CTs are largely absent in the foliage of important temperate pasture legumes, such as white clover (Trifolium repens), but found in flowers and seed coats. Attempts at enhancing levels of CT expression in white clover leaves by mutagenesis and breeding have not been successful. However, the transformation of white clover with the TaMYB14-1 transcription factor from Trifolium arvense has resulted in the production of CTs in leaves up to 1.2% of dry matter (DM). In this study, two generations of breeding elevated foliar CTs to >2% of DM. The CTs consisted predominantly of prodelphinidins (PD, 75-93%) and procyanidins (PC, 17-25%) and had a mean degree of polymerization (mDP) of approximately 10 flavan-3-ol subunits. In vitro studies showed that foliar CTs were bound to bovine serum albumin and white clover proteins at pH 6.5 and were released at pH 2.-2.5. Using rumen in vitro assays, white clover leaves containing soluble CTs of 1.6-2.4% of DM significantly reduced methane production by 19% (p ≤0.01) and ammonia production by 60% (p ≤ 0.01) relative to non-transformed wild type (WT) controls after 6 h of incubation. These results provide valuable information for further studies using CT expressing white clover leaves for bloat prevention and reduced greenhouse gas emissions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa B. Roldan
- Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Greig Cousins
- PGG Wrightson Seeds Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Stefan Muetzel
- Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Wayne E. Zeller
- ARS-USDA, US Dairy Forage Research Center, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Karl Fraser
- Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - Alexia Blanc
- PGG Wrightson Seeds Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- AgroParis Tech, Paris, France
| | - Rupinder Kaur
- PGG Wrightson Seeds Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Kim Richardson
- Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Dorothy Maher
- Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Zulfi Jahufer
- Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Ortíz-Domínguez G, Marin-Tun C, Ventura-Cordero J, González-Pech P, Capetillo-Leal C, Torres-Acosta J, Sandoval-Castro C. Comparing the in vitro digestibility of leaves from tropical trees when using the rumen liquor from cattle, sheep or goats. Small Rumin Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2021.106561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Response of plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) supplementation on nutritional, endo-parasitic, and endocrine status in lambs. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:82. [PMID: 33411066 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02514-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of plantain herb (Plantago lanceolata L.) supplementation on growth, plasma metabolites, liver enzymatic activity, hormonal status, gastrointestinal parasites, and carcass characteristics of lambs. A total of 24 lambs, aged 6 months weighing 8.0 ± 0.5 kg were randomly allocated to one of two dietary treatments: (1) CL diet-roadside grass and concentrate mixture; (2) PL diet-CL diet + 5% fresh plantain supplementation on a DM basis. The PL diet group exhibited 23% higher (P = 0.01) average daily gain and 15% improved (P = 0.03) feed conversion efficiency. Circulating cholesterol concentrations were suppressed by 9% (P = 0.03), and liver enzyme activity was improved by 5-25% (P < 0.05) in the lamb fed PL diet, compared with CL diet only. The inclusion of plantain in the diet was highly effective at suppressing the parasites, Paramphistomum spp. (P = 0.003) and coccidial parasites (P = 0.04), but not stomach worms. Moreover, plantain supplementation increased growth hormone and insulin concentrations in plasma level, whereas decreased carcass fat by 32.7%. Therefore, supplementation of the lambs' diet with plantain showed some beneficial effects on productivity and parasitic infection, while it led to a leaner carcass.
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Fagundes GM, Benetel G, Carriero MM, Sousa RLM, Muir JP, Macedo RO, Bueno ICS. Tannin-rich forage as a methane mitigation strategy for cattle and the implications for rumen microbiota. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/an19448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context
Methane from ruminant livestock systems contributes to the greenhouse effect on the environment, which justifies the adoption of novel feed strategies that mitigate enteric emissions.
Aims
We investigated the effects of the condensed tannin (CT)-rich legumes Flemingia macrophylla, Leucaena leucocephala, Stylosanthes guianensis, Gliricidia sepium, Cratylia argentea, Cajanus cajan, Desmodium ovalifolium, Macrotyloma axillare, Desmodium paniculatum and Lespedeza procumbens on in vitro methane emissions and rumen microbiota for beef cattle.
Methods
Four rumen-cannulated Nellore cattle grazing a tropical grass pasture were used as inoculum donors.
Key results
Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that the abundance of Ruminococcus flavefaciens, methanogenic archaea and protozoa populations were reduced (P £ 0.05), whereas total ruminal bacteria were enhanced in the presence of CT. Our study also revealed a positive (P £ 0.05) relationship between CT and Fibrobacter succinogenes abundance. Reactive CT from L. leucocephala, D. paniculatum and L. procumbens resulted in decreased (P £ 0.05) isoacid content and methane production.
Conclusions
L. leucocephala, D. paniculatum and L. procumbens have the potential to suppress rumen methanogenesis. However, in vitro fermentation of L. leucocephala resulted in greater (P £ 0.05) degradability percentages than the other two species.
Implications
CT in legume species will have potential as part of an overall nutritional strategy to manipulate rumen microbiota and mitigate enteric methanogenesis in livestock production systems.
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Tannin-Rich Plants as Natural Manipulators of Rumen Fermentation in the Livestock Industry. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122943. [PMID: 32604804 PMCID: PMC7356976 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Condensed tannins (CTs) are plant anti-herbivore compounds with antimicrobial activity that can be used in ruminant diets as ruminal microbiome manipulators. However, not all CTs from fodder legumes are bioactive due to their wide structural diversity. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of 10 CT-containing plants (Flemingia macrophylla, Leucaena leucocephala, Stylosanthes guianensis, Gliricidia sepium, Cratylia argentea, Cajanus cajan, Desmodium ovalifolium, Macrotiloma axilare, D. paniculatum, and Lespedeza procumbens) on in vitro fermentation kinetics of Nelore beef cattle. Polyethylene glycol (PEG), a specific CT-binding agent, was added to neutralize condensed tannin. Tifton and alfalfa hay were used as controls lacking CT. The experimental layout included a randomized complete block with factorial design and four blocks. The data were subjected to analysis of variance followed by Duncan’s test to determine differences (p < 0.05) among treatment means. The addition of PEG in browse incubations resulted in increased gas production, fermentation rate, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) and N-NH3 release. Within our study, Lespedeza procumbens, Desmodium paniculatum, Leucaena leucocephala, Desmodium ovalifolium, and Flemingia macrophylla showed superior bioactivity compared to other species evaluated, suggesting a natural alternative for replacing ionophores to modify ruminal fermentation. Condensed tannins from L. pocumbens, D. paniculatum, L. leucocephala, D. ovalifolium, and F. macrophylla have the potential to modify rumen fermentation in beef cattle.
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