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Meira M, Afonso IM, Cruz R, Lopes JC, Martins RS, Domingues J, Ribeiro V, Dantas R, Casal S, Brito NV. Carcass Yields and Meat Composition of Roosters of the Portuguese Autochthonous Poultry Breeds: "Branca", "Amarela", "Pedrês Portuguesa", and "Preta Lusitânica". Foods 2023; 12:4020. [PMID: 37959139 PMCID: PMC10647523 DOI: 10.3390/foods12214020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Poultry meat is an important part of the human diet, and the valorisation of autochthonous breeds is a determinant for the sustainability of the rural areas. The increasing demand for niche products demands for better knowledge of the carcass characteristics and meat quality of these local populations. The present study aims to characterise the roosters' meat from the "Branca" (BR), "Amarela" (AM), "Pedrês Portuguesa" (PP), and "Preta Lusitânica" (PL) breeds. A total of 80 birds (n = 20 per breed) between 38 and 42 weeks old were slaughtered. The physicochemical and nutritional composition were determined in the breast and drumstick meat. The meat of the PL breed had a higher (p ≤ 0.05) pH value, the AM meat revealed a water-holding capacity (WHC) of superior value and moisture content (p ≤ 0.05), while the BR breed had the highest (p ≤ 0.05) ash content. On the other hand, it was observed that the PP meat had a higher (p ≤ 0.05) yellowness index (b*). The breast meat exhibited, in all breeds, a lower pH value, WHC, redness (a*), and lipid content and greater (p ≤ 0.05) lightness (L*), b*, moisture, and ash and protein contents compared to the drumstick. Furthermore, it presented higher (p ≤ 0.05) K, P, and Mg contents and a superior proportion of total and sensorial relevant amino acids. Regarding the fatty acid profile, the breed differences were more significant in the drumstick, with the AM breed lipids presenting a higher (p ≤ 0.05) percentage of MUFAs in the fat, a lower atherogenic index, and a higher (p ≤ 0.05) value for the hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic fatty acids ratio, while the BR breed lipids presented a higher (p ≤ 0.05) percentage of PUFAs and PUFAs/SFAs ratio and a lower n-6/n-3 ratio. Considering the results obtained, it can be concluded that the meat from these breeds is a wholesome dietary option, distinguished by a favourable overall nutritional composition marked by elevated protein content, reduced lipid amounts, and amino and fatty acid profiles with desirable nutritional indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcio Meira
- Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua D. Mendo Afonso, 147 Refóios do Lima, 4990-706 Ponte de Lima, Portugal; (M.M.); (J.D.)
| | - Isabel M. Afonso
- CISAS, Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal; (I.M.A.); (J.C.L.)
| | - Rebeca Cruz
- Requimte—LAQV, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (R.C.); (R.S.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Júlio Cesar Lopes
- CISAS, Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal; (I.M.A.); (J.C.L.)
| | - Raquel S. Martins
- Requimte—LAQV, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (R.C.); (R.S.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Jéssica Domingues
- Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua D. Mendo Afonso, 147 Refóios do Lima, 4990-706 Ponte de Lima, Portugal; (M.M.); (J.D.)
| | - Virgínia Ribeiro
- AMIBA—Associação dos Criadores de Bovinos de Raça Barrosã, 4730-260 Vila Verde, Portugal; (V.R.); (R.D.)
| | - Rui Dantas
- AMIBA—Associação dos Criadores de Bovinos de Raça Barrosã, 4730-260 Vila Verde, Portugal; (V.R.); (R.D.)
| | - Susana Casal
- Requimte—LAQV, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (R.C.); (R.S.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Nuno V. Brito
- CISAS, Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal; (I.M.A.); (J.C.L.)
- AMIBA—Associação dos Criadores de Bovinos de Raça Barrosã, 4730-260 Vila Verde, Portugal; (V.R.); (R.D.)
- 1H-TOXRUN—One Health Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU (Cooperativa Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário), CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
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Miranda C, Batista S, Mateus TL, Vieira-Pinto M, Ribeiro V, Dantas R, Brito NV. A Preliminary Investigation of Salmonella Populations in Indigenous Portuguese Layer Hen Breeds. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3389. [PMID: 37958144 PMCID: PMC10648303 DOI: 10.3390/ani13213389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The sustainability of agroecological systems, biodiversity protection, animal welfare, and consumer demand for higher quality products from alternative and extensive farming methods have reinforced interest in local breeds that are well adapted to low-input environments. However, food safety needs to be safeguarded to reinforce consumer confidence. The aim of this study was to conduct a preliminary investigation on the occurrence of Salmonella spp. in eggshells, hen's cloaca, and litter materials from autochthonous Portuguese laying hens raised in a semi-extensive system for small-scale production. A total of 279 samples from 31 flocks belonging to 12 farms were obtained, with 63 samples from the "Preta Lusitânica" breed, and 72 samples each from the remaining autochthonous breeds, namely, "Branca", "Amarela", and "Pedrês Portuguesa". None (0%) of the samples analyzed were positive for Salmonella spp. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first results of Salmonella evaluation from hen's cloaca, eggshells, and litter materials in autochthonous Portuguese chickens, suggesting that a semi-extensive production system can contribute to better food security and a lower risk to public health and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Miranda
- 1H-TOXRUN–One Health Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal;
- LAQV-REQUIMTE–Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, University NOVA of Lisbon, 1099-085 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Sónia Batista
- CISAS–Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, NUTRIR (Technological Center for AgriFood Sustainability), Monte de Prado, 4960-320 Melgaço, Portugal; (S.B.); (T.L.M.); (M.V.-P.)
| | - Teresa Letra Mateus
- CISAS–Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, NUTRIR (Technological Center for AgriFood Sustainability), Monte de Prado, 4960-320 Melgaço, Portugal; (S.B.); (T.L.M.); (M.V.-P.)
- CECAV–Animal and Veterinary Research Centre, Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta dos Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- EpiUnit–Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Laboratório Para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, nº 135, 4050-091 Porto, Portugal
| | - Madalena Vieira-Pinto
- CISAS–Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, NUTRIR (Technological Center for AgriFood Sustainability), Monte de Prado, 4960-320 Melgaço, Portugal; (S.B.); (T.L.M.); (M.V.-P.)
- CECAV–Animal and Veterinary Research Centre, Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta dos Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Virgínia Ribeiro
- AMIBA–Associação dos Criadores de Bovinos de Raça Barrosã, 4730-260 Vila Verde, Portugal; (V.R.); (R.D.)
| | - Rui Dantas
- AMIBA–Associação dos Criadores de Bovinos de Raça Barrosã, 4730-260 Vila Verde, Portugal; (V.R.); (R.D.)
| | - Nuno V. Brito
- 1H-TOXRUN–One Health Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal;
- CISAS–Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, NUTRIR (Technological Center for AgriFood Sustainability), Monte de Prado, 4960-320 Melgaço, Portugal; (S.B.); (T.L.M.); (M.V.-P.)
- AMIBA–Associação dos Criadores de Bovinos de Raça Barrosã, 4730-260 Vila Verde, Portugal; (V.R.); (R.D.)
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Multifactorial Evaluation of Regrouping Effects on Performance and Welfare in Two Italian Dual-Purpose Chicken Breeds: Bianca di Saluzzo and Bionda Piemontese. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12182355. [PMID: 36139215 PMCID: PMC9495003 DOI: 10.3390/ani12182355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Local chicken breeds Bionda Piemontese (BP) and Bianca di Saluzzo (BS) are promising for use in small-scale poultry farms, which adopt free-range and/or organic farming practice. However, in practical conditions, it can happen that animals are subjected to regrouping, creating a new flock by mixing different groups. Such situations may provoke a stressful response in birds, compromising their welfare. To evaluate the resilience of BP and BS breeds to adverse management practices (regrouping), the present study aimed to assess the birds’ welfare status through a multifactorial approach. As a result, the practice of regrouping immediately compromised the welfare status and the productive performances in both BP and BS hens, but, in the following weeks, birds displayed a reliance, which help them adapt to the new stressful conditions. Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the ability of two Italian slow-growing poultry breeds (namely, Bionda Piemontese, BP, and Bianca di Saluzzo, BS) to cope with a stressful event, such as collective grouping, using a multifactorial approach. A total of 120 hens of BP and BS breeds were homogenously distributed, according to breed, in 12 pens (10 hens/pen; 6 pens/breed), from 18 to 49 weeks of age. At 50 weeks of age, hens were regrouped (Stressful Farm Practice, SFP), by removing separators, both in indoor and outdoor areas. At 49 weeks of age, 24 hens/breed were randomly selected for the evaluation of welfare (ethological and physiological) parameters, at different time points: T0: 1-week pre-SPF; T1: 1-week post-SFP; T2: 3-week post-SFP; T3: 5-week post-SFP. Egg production was recorded from 38 to 56 weeks of age. Grouping produced a social stress in both BS and BP-laying hens, which was expressed in terms of productive traits (reduction of oviposition), behavioral modification (worsening of plumage condition due to feather peaking and extension of the duration of the tonic immobility test) and physiological modification (increased heterophil/lymphocyte ratio and corticosterone metabolites in droppings). Both breeds reacted in a similar way; in fact, no differences were attributed to the breed. At the end of the observation period, the egg rate fully recovered, while the behavioral and physiological parameters partially recovered but failed to recover to those recorded prior to the stressful event.
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Freick M, Herzog M, Rump S, Vogt I, Weber J, John W, Schreiter R. Incubation characteristics, growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of Saxonian Chicken and German Langshan bantam breeds in a free‐range rearing system. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:1578-1593. [PMID: 35748114 PMCID: PMC9297756 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/introduction In the absence of evidence‐based findings for Saxonian Chicken (SaChi) and German Langshan bantam (GLB), which are indigenous endangered German fancy chicken breeds, the objective of the present study was to characterise their growth performance and meat potential in an extensive free‐range system Methods A total of 340 hatching eggs from SaChi and 439 eggs from GLB were provided by private breeders, from which 263 SaChi (77.3%) and 174 GLB (39.6%) hatched (p < 0.001) Results By week 20, SaChi reached body weights of 2362.3 ± 315.3 g (mean ± SD; roosters) and 1624.7 ± 158.9 g (hens), while GLB weighed 1089.7 ± 148.3 g (roosters) and 820.4 ± 89.5 g (hens). Fitting the non‐linear regression of growth data to the Gompertz function estimated asymptotic body weights of 3131.4, 2363.9, 1359.2 and 1107.3 g, with inflection point times of 10.5, 10.3, 9.2 and 9.3 weeks in male SaChi, female SaChi, male GLB and female GLB, respectively. Moderate plumage damage was observed on days 18, 35, 53, 70 and 105 in SaChi and on days 53, 70 and 105 in GLB, while all birds presented completely intact plumage on day 140. Using a binary logistic regression model, breed, age and sex were shown to affect the plumage condition (p < 0.001 each). Roosters were slaughtered in week 20. No breed effects were detected in the carcass yield (SaChi: 68.8 ± 1.7%, GLB: 69.7 ± 1.8%) (p = 0.135) or abdominal fat share (SaChi: 0.89 ± 0.15%, GLB: 1.08 ± 0.14%) (p = 0.281). The percentage of valuable cuts (breast fillets and legs) in the carcass was 43.8 ± 1.9% for SaChi and 43.1 ± 3.0% for GLB (p = 0.490) Discussion/conclusions In conclusion, this study provides insights into the performance traits and welfare indicators during the rearing of two endangered German chicken breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Freick
- Faculty Agriculture/Environment/Chemistry HTW Dresden, University of Applied Sciences Dresden Germany
- Veterinary Practice Zettlitz Zettlitz Germany
- ZAFT e.V., Centre for Applied Research and Technology Dresden Germany
| | - Marion Herzog
- Faculty Agriculture/Environment/Chemistry HTW Dresden, University of Applied Sciences Dresden Germany
| | | | - Isabelle Vogt
- Faculty Agriculture/Environment/Chemistry HTW Dresden, University of Applied Sciences Dresden Germany
| | - Jim Weber
- Veterinary Practice Zettlitz Zettlitz Germany
| | - Wolfram John
- Saxonian Fancy Poultry Breeder's Association Oberschöna Germany
| | - Ruben Schreiter
- ZAFT e.V., Centre for Applied Research and Technology Dresden Germany
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González Ariza A, Navas González FJ, Arando Arbulu A, León Jurado JM, Delgado Bermejo JV, Camacho Vallejo ME. Variability of Meat and Carcass Quality from Worldwide Native Chicken Breeds. Foods 2022; 11:foods11121700. [PMID: 35741898 PMCID: PMC9223061 DOI: 10.3390/foods11121700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The present research aimed to determine the differential clustering patterns of carcass and meat quality traits in local chicken breeds from around the world and to develop a method to productively characterize minority bird populations. For this, a comprehensive meta-analysis of 91 research documents that dealt with the study of chicken local breeds through the last 20 years was performed. Thirty-nine traits were sorted into the following clusters: weight-related traits, histological properties, pH, color traits, water-holding capacity, texture-related traits, flavor content-related nucleotides, and gross nutrients. Multicollinearity problems reported for pH 72 h post mortem, L* meat 72 h post mortem, a* meat 72 h post mortem, sex, firmness, and chewiness, were thus discarded from further analyses (VIF < 5). Data-mining cross-validation and chi-squared automatic interaction detection (CHAID) decision tree development allowed us to detect similarities across genotypes. Easily collectable trait, such as shear force, muscle fiber diameter, carcass/pieces weight, and pH, presented high explanatory potential of breed variability. Hence, the aforementioned variables must be considered in the experimental methodology of characterization of carcass and meat from native genotypes. This research enables the characterization of local chicken populations to satisfy the needs of specific commercial niches for poultry meat consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio González Ariza
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain; (A.G.A.); (A.A.A.); (J.V.D.B.)
| | - Francisco Javier Navas González
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain; (A.G.A.); (A.A.A.); (J.V.D.B.)
- Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IFAPA), 14004 Cordoba, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-651-679-262
| | - Ander Arando Arbulu
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain; (A.G.A.); (A.A.A.); (J.V.D.B.)
| | | | - Juan Vicente Delgado Bermejo
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain; (A.G.A.); (A.A.A.); (J.V.D.B.)
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Sadaf T, Rashid M, Hussain A, Mahmud A, Bukhari SM, Noor R, Mustafa G, Saleem M, Ali A, Ashraf S, Ali W, Javid A. Interspecific variations in external and internal egg quality among various captive avian species from Punjab, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e245261. [PMID: 34076170 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.245261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Present study was planned to determine variations in external and internal quality egg parameters of different avian species including ostrich Struthio camelus, ducks Anas platyrhynchos, chicken Gallus gallus, turkeys Meleagris gallopavo and grey francolin Francolinus pondicerinus. All the birds were kept under similar rearing conditions. A total of 150 eggs were collected for each species to record external features of these eggs. Statistically significant (p<0.05) variations were recorded in egg weight, egg length and egg width between ostrich, ducks, chicken, turkey and quail eggs. Significantly (p<0.05) higher egg weight, egg length and egg width was observed for ostrich eggs while the same was lowest for grey francolin eggs. Similarly, significantly (p<0.05) greater shape index and egg volume values were observed for ostrich eggs while lowest shape index values were recorded for turkey eggs and egg volume was lowest for grey francolin. Significantly, higher (p<0.05) values of egg density were noted for eggs of the quail and the same were lowest for ostrich eggs. Non-significant variations in egg density values were observed between eggs of the ducks, chicken, turkey and grey francolin. It has been concluded that the positive correlations between the internal and external egg quality traits indicated that the traits can be improved through selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sadaf
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M Rashid
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Wildlife, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A Hussain
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A Mahmud
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Poultry Production, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S M Bukhari
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - R Noor
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - G Mustafa
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M Saleem
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A Ali
- The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Department of Zoology, Bahawalpur, Paistan
| | - S Ashraf
- The University of Lahore, Department of Zoology, Sargodha Campus, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - W Ali
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A Javid
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, Lahore, Pakistan
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Nalyvayko L, Rodionova K, Pankova S, Shomina N, Katerynych O, Khimych M. Comparative characteristics of eggs of chickens of domestic and foreign selection in their diverse age. POTRAVINARSTVO 2021. [DOI: 10.5219/1501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
At this juncture, more and more attention is drawn to the preservation of the gene pool of local breeds of poultry, which have a set of valuable features, including high-quality eggs. In this study, the quality parameters of eggs (egg weight, weight, and proportion of yolk, weight, and proportion of albumen, yolk-albumen ratio, energy value, lipid and fatty acid content in the yolk) of chickens of Ukrainian selection(such hybrids as Plymouth white, Poltava Clay, Birkivska Barvysta and their interbreed hybrids) and foreign commercial crosses (Tetra SL, Tetra H, Super Harko, Lohmann Brown, Highsex White and Brown, High Line W36), at different ages (26, 34, 44 weeks of age) were studied in the comparative aspect. The average egg weight of Ukrainian breeds and hybrids was 51.9 g, 56.5 g, and 61.2 g at the age of 26, 34, and 44 weeks, respectively, in foreign crosses it was much higher - 59 g, 61.2 g, and 64.5 g, respectively (p <0.01). At the same time, there was a probable advantage of the Ukrainian selection bird over the foreign selection bird in the proportion of yolk (by 4.3%, 2.9%, and 4.1% at the age of 26.34 and 44 weeks, respectively), the yolk-albumen ratio (by 0.12, 0.07 and 0.08, respectively) and the energy value of the egg (76, 48 and 60 kJ, respectively). Higher lipid content was found in the egg yolks of domestic chickens in comparison with the foreign hybrid Tetra SL. The total content of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in the egg yolks in hens of local breeds is higher than in foreign cross. High-quality characteristics of eggs of local breeds and populations are evidence of the presence of a valuable set of genes that require comprehensive study, preservation, and use in the creation of new selectively significant forms.
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González Ariza A, Arando Arbulu A, Navas González FJ, Delgado Bermejo JV, Camacho Vallejo ME. Discriminant Canonical Analysis as a Validation Tool for Multivariety Native Breed Egg Commercial Quality Classification. Foods 2021; 10:foods10030632. [PMID: 33802707 PMCID: PMC8002516 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a tool to validate multivariety breed egg quality classification depending on quality-related internal and external traits using a discriminant canonical analysis approach. A flock of 60 Utrerana hens (Franciscan, White, Black, and Partridge) and a control group of 10 Leghorn hens were placed in individual cages to follow the traceability of the eggs and perform an individual internal and external quality assessment. Egg groups were determined depending on their commercial size (S, M, L, and XL), laying hen breed, and variety. Egg weight, major diameter, minor diameter, shell b*, albumen height, and the presence or absence of visual defects in yolk and/or albumen showed multicollinearity problems (variance inflation factor (VIF) > 5) and were discarded. Albumen weight, eggshell weight, and yolk weight were the most responsible traits for the differences among egg quality categories (Wilks’ lambda: 0.335, 0.539, and 0.566 for albumen weight, eggshell weight, and yolk weight, respectively). The combination of traits in the first two dimensions explained 55.02% and 20.62% variability among groups, respectively. Shared properties between Partridge and Franciscan varieties may stem from their eggs presenting heavier yolks and slightly lower weights, while White Utrerana and Leghorn hens’ similarities may be ascribed to hybridization reminiscences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio González Ariza
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (A.G.A.); (A.A.A.); (J.V.D.B.)
| | - Ander Arando Arbulu
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (A.G.A.); (A.A.A.); (J.V.D.B.)
| | - Francisco Javier Navas González
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (A.G.A.); (A.A.A.); (J.V.D.B.)
- Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA), Alameda del Obispo, 14004 Córdoba, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-638-535-046 (ext. 621262)
| | - Juan Vicente Delgado Bermejo
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (A.G.A.); (A.A.A.); (J.V.D.B.)
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9
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Franzoni A, Gariglio M, Castillo A, Soglia D, Sartore S, Buccioni A, Mannelli F, Cassandro M, Cendron F, Castellini C, Mancinelli AC, Cerolini S, Sayed AA, Iaffaldano N, Di Iorio M, Marzoni M, Salvucci S, Schiavone A. Overview of Native Chicken Breeds in Italy: Small Scale Production and Marketing. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030629. [PMID: 33673450 PMCID: PMC7996916 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The loss of biodiversity is a matter of great concern worldwide. In the agricultural sector, the industrialization of livestock farming and the wide-spread use of highly selected hybrids, especially in developed countries, has led to the progressive extinction of many native breeds in these contexts. Nowadays, safeguarding poultry biodiversity is a key objective in all developed countries, Italy included. As a part of a large cross-sectional national project called ‘Conservation of biodiversity in Italian poultry breeds’, a questionnaire was designed to evaluate the diffusion of native chicken breeds and their relative product markets. The data reveal the poor diffusion of native breeds despite the existence of a niche market for their products. Indeed, increasing consumer concern about conventional production practices and the growing demand for alternative poultry products, which can fetch high retail prices, should be leveraged to encourage the diffusion of native chicken breeds in alternative poultry farming. An important knock-on effect would be the preservation of biodiversity. Abstract The intensive use of high-performing strains in poultry production has led to the extinction of several autochthonous chicken breeds and, consequently, loss of genetic variability. Interest in saving biodiversity is growing rapidly and has become a major objective worldwide. The aim of this study was to shed light on the production trends of native Italian poultry breeds and the related market. A questionnaire, which asked about the production cycles, the number of animals and table eggs produced per year and their retail prices was completed by 121 breeders across Italy. The surveyed breeders were divided into two categories: breeders conducting an agrozootechnical farm, referred to as ‘farmers’ (F); and breeders keeping chickens as backyard poultry, referred to as ‘fancy breeders’ (FB). Analysis of the data acquired indicated that animals were mainly slaughtered between 6 and 12 months of age, with F processing more animals per year. The same production trend was observed for table eggs. The recorded retail prices of native chicken products were higher than those for conventional products, but similar to those reported for valuable niche poultry products, such as the Poulet de Bresse in France and organic eggs. Knowledge about these highly valuable markets should be used to encourage the use of local breeds in alternative poultry farming and help protect biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Franzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.F.); (M.G.); (A.C.); (D.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Marta Gariglio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.F.); (M.G.); (A.C.); (D.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Annelisse Castillo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.F.); (M.G.); (A.C.); (D.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Dominga Soglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.F.); (M.G.); (A.C.); (D.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Stefano Sartore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.F.); (M.G.); (A.C.); (D.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Arianna Buccioni
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali, Università di Firenze, Via delle Cascine 5, 50144 Firenze, Italy; (A.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Federica Mannelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali, Università di Firenze, Via delle Cascine 5, 50144 Firenze, Italy; (A.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Martino Cassandro
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), Università di Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (M.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Filippo Cendron
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), Università di Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (M.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Cesare Castellini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (C.C.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Alice Cartoni Mancinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (C.C.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Silvia Cerolini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (S.C.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Ahmad Abdel Sayed
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (S.C.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Nicolaia Iaffaldano
- Dipartimento Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, Università degli Studi del Molise, Via Francesco De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (N.I.); (M.D.I.)
| | - Michele Di Iorio
- Dipartimento Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, Università degli Studi del Molise, Via Francesco De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (N.I.); (M.D.I.)
| | - Margherita Marzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Sonia Salvucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.F.); (M.G.); (A.C.); (D.S.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-6709208
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Castillo A, Gariglio M, Franzoni A, Soglia D, Sartore S, Buccioni A, Mannelli F, Cassandro M, Cendron F, Castellini C, Mancinelli AC, Iaffaldano N, Iorio MD, Marzoni M, Salvucci S, Cerolini S, Zaniboni L, Schiavone A. Overview of Native Chicken Breeds in Italy: Conservation Status and Rearing Systems in Use. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020490. [PMID: 33673395 PMCID: PMC7917728 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The ongoing loss of domestic animal breeds around the world is occurring at an alarming rate. Thus, the registration and preservation of native breeds is of great importance. The aim of this study, which forms part of a conservation program, was to provide an overview of the conservation statuses of native Italian poultry breeds being reared by local breeders in Italy. The data collected by means of a census questionnaire demonstrate the low population sizes of these breeds in Italy and highlight the need for campaigns aimed at publicizing and promoting the benefits of native breeds with the goal of increasing population sizes. Identifying strategies to facilitate breeders’ access to pure breed birds is also essential, and would require collaborative efforts of university research centers, public entities, and breeders. Abstract The most reared species of farm animal around the world is the chicken. However, the intensification of livestock systems has led to a gradual increase in the concentration of a limited number of breeds, resulting in substantial erosion to the genetic pool. The initial step of an ‘animal conservation program’ entails establishing the actual conservation statuses of the breeds concerned in a defined area; in this case, in Italy. To this end, a survey of breeds was performed by means of a census questionnaire divided into two parts. The first part collected information on breeds, breeders, housing facilities, and management aspects, the results of which are presented here. The second part of the questionnaire regarded chicken products and their markets, and these data will be reported in a second paper. The breed status of six chicken breeds was shown to be exceptionally worrying, with total numbers ranging from just 18 to 186 birds. Population sizes exceeding 1000 birds was identified for just four breeds, the maximum being 3400. Some improvements in status were noted in relation to breeds which had been the subject of conservation efforts in the past. The two most common breeds reported are the Bionda Piemontese, a double-purpose breed, and the Livorno egg-laying hen. Collo Nudo Italiano, Millefiori Piemontese, Pollo Trentino, and Tirolese chicken breeds and the Castano Precoce turkey breed were not listed by breeders at all. The most reported turkey breeds are the Bronzato Comune and the Ermellinato di Rovigo. The population sizes of native Italian poultry breeds were shown to be generally poor. Italian poultry farmers and the population at large are largely ignorant about indigenous poultry breeds. Thus, promoting the virtues of Italian breeds would help their conservation by encouraging breeders to rear these birds and consumers to buy their products. The identification of strategies to facilitate access to pure breed birds is essential, and will require the collaboration of university research centers, public entities, and breeders. The results presented in this paper constitute the initial part of a more complex conservation program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelisse Castillo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.C.); (M.G.); (A.F.); (D.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Marta Gariglio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.C.); (M.G.); (A.F.); (D.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Alessandro Franzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.C.); (M.G.); (A.F.); (D.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Dominga Soglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.C.); (M.G.); (A.F.); (D.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Stefano Sartore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.C.); (M.G.); (A.F.); (D.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Arianna Buccioni
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali, Università di Firenze, Via delle Cascine 5, 50144 Firenze, Italy; (A.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Federica Mannelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali, Università di Firenze, Via delle Cascine 5, 50144 Firenze, Italy; (A.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Martino Cassandro
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (M.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Filippo Cendron
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (M.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Cesare Castellini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (C.C.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Alice Cartoni Mancinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (C.C.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Nicolaia Iaffaldano
- Dipartimento Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, Università degli Studi del Molise, Via Francesco De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (N.I.); (M.D.I.)
| | - Michele Di Iorio
- Dipartimento Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, Università degli Studi del Molise, Via Francesco De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (N.I.); (M.D.I.)
| | - Margherita Marzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Sonia Salvucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Silvia Cerolini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (S.C.); (L.Z.)
| | - Luisa Zaniboni
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (S.C.); (L.Z.)
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.C.); (M.G.); (A.F.); (D.S.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-6709208
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11
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Ianni A, Bartolini D, Bennato F, Martino G. Egg Quality from Nera Atriana, a Local Poultry Breed of the Abruzzo Region (Italy), and ISA Brown Hens Reared under Free Range Conditions. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:257. [PMID: 33498554 PMCID: PMC7909553 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The selection and diffusion in the poultry sector of hybrid breeds able to produce higher amount of meat and eggs, led over time to the erosion of genetic resources. One of the strategies that can be applied in order to stem such phenomenon, concerns the valorization of the animal products, meat or eggs, obtained from indigenous poultry breeds. Therefore, the aim of this study is to characterize the qualitative aspects of eggs obtained from the Nera Atriana hen, an Italian indigenous laying hen characteristic of the Abruzzo region, making a direct comparison with a commercial hybrid reared in the same environment and applying the same feeding protocol. The trial was conducted for a period of 5 months (from March to July 2019), in which 6 egg samplings were performed (one at the beginning and additional 5 on a monthly basis); each sampling involved the collection of 15 eggs per group of animals for a total of 90 eggs per genotype. Eggs were specifically subjected to evaluations of the physical parameters, including the yolk color, and analyses aimed at determining the content of total lipids, cholesterol, and β-carotene. In addition to this, the fatty acids profile and the electrophoretic pattern of the globular proteins of the yolk were characterized. Eggs from hybrid hens were characterized by higher total weight with significantly higher values specifically associated to albumen and yolk weight and to the albumen percentage. In the eggs obtained from the local hen, higher relative percentages were instead found in the quantity of shell and yolk; furthermore, in the same samples was observed a higher yolk redness, a cholesterol concentration tending to be lower although not significant (p = 0.0521), and a greater amount of saturated fatty acids which could justify a lower susceptibility of the food to oxidative processes following transformation with heat treatments. With regard to the fatty acid composition, differences were specifically observed for palmitic (C16:0) and palmitoleic (C16:1 cis-9) acids that showed higher relative percentages in eggs from local breed, and for the oleic acid (C18:1 cis-9) which was more represented in eggs from commercial hens. In conclusion, some interesting nutritional features, in a preliminary way, have been highlighted that could lead the consumer to prefer these "niche" products over those obtained from commercial hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Martino
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo (TE), Italy; (A.I.); (D.B.); (F.B.)
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12
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Albumen Quality of Fresh and Stored Table Eggs: Hen Genotype as a Further Chance for Consumer Choice. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11010135. [PMID: 33435195 PMCID: PMC7827128 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Consumer interest in food products and their origins is increasing. Knowledge of egg production and quality of purebred hens during the productive period is required for a niche market sustaining and encouraging biodiversity and the peculiarities of the products that consumers can appreciate. Egg production and quality of the eggshell and albumen in fresh and stored eggs of two Italian dual-purpose purebreds (Ermellinata di Rovigo (ER); Robusta maculata (RM)) and two hybrid genotypes (Hy-Line Brown (HB); Hy-Line White (HW)) reared outdoors were compared throughout the laying period. RM breed (brown eggshell) showed fresh and stored eggs with a good eggshell thickness, and Haugh Units (HU) quite stable along the production period; RM total egg mass was lower than ER (light brown eggshell) which showed fresh and stored eggs with more variable HU, due also to a possible effect of lower eggshell thickness and pigmentation, and shape index. The hybrids produced a higher total egg mass than the purebreds and showed an intermediate variation of the egg quality, with HU higher than those of ER and RM only in 1 d eggs, but not in stored eggs. Abstract The quality of fresh (1 d) and stored (7–14–21 d, 21 °C) eggs was studied in Italian dual-purpose breeds (Ermellinata di Rovigo (ER), Robusta maculata (RM)) and hybrids (Hy-Line Brown (HB), Hy-Line White36 (HW)), reared outdoors (4 m2/bird) and fed commercial feed. The eggs were analyzed at 4 ages, throughout different seasonal environmental conditions, from summer (31, 35 weeks; 25 °C) until autumn (39, 43 weeks, 15 °C). Each genotype showed significant (p < 0.01) changes in egg quality. In 1 d eggs, the eggshell thickness changed in RM and HW (quadratic), decreased linearly in ER; Haugh Units (HU) changed (ER–cubic) and decreased (hybrids-linear). In 7 d and 14 d eggs, HU linearly (p < 0.01) decreased, except in RM. In 21 d eggs, HU (ER linear decrease; HB, HW quadratic) changed. Significant negative correlations between albumen pH and height were seen in ER (at 1 d, 14 d, 21 d) and HW (at each storage time) eggs, and in RM and HB only in 1 d eggs. RM showed a quite stable albumen quality and a lower total egg mass than ER which showed a more variable albumen quality, due also to a lower eggshell thickness and shape index. The hybrids produced a higher total egg mass than the purebreds and showed an intermediate variation of the egg quality, with an albumen quality higher than those of ER and RM only in 1 d egg, as a result of a higher albumen weight.
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Cartoni Mancinelli A, Franzoni A, Dal Bosco A, Schiavone A, Mannelli F, Marzoni M, Castellini C. Distribution and consistency of Ancona and Livorno poultry breed in Central Italy. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1842814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandro Franzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Alessandro Dal Bosco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Federica Mannelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | | | - Cesare Castellini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Marelli SP, Zaniboni L, Madeddu M, Abdel Sayed A, Strillacci MG, Mangiagalli MG, Cerolini S. Physical Parameters and Fatty Acids Profiles in Milanino, Mericanel Della Brianza, Valdarnese Bianca and Commercial Hybrids ( Gallus Gallus Domesticus) Table Eggs. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091533. [PMID: 32878064 PMCID: PMC7552132 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Conservation of traditional poultry breeds is closely linked to product valorization considering the renewed interest in local poultry breeds production and consumers’ orientation towards food items considered healthier and safer. The aim of the present research is to investigate the differences in egg physical parameters and fatty acid profile of three traditional chicken breeds (Mericanel della Brianza, Milanino and Valdarnese Bianca) and two commercial hybrids using marked-procured eggs. We evaluated the effects of the breeds and of the genetic origin (traditional breed or hybrid strain) on egg physical and chemical parameters, furthermore we analyzed the most influencing parameters and their effects on egg groups differentiation via Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Eggs produced by traditional breeds differentiate from eggs produced by commercial hybrids in physical and fatty acids parameters. The nutritional value of eggs obtained from traditional breeds has been demonstrated to be higher considering the yolk content, the Polyunsatured Fatty Acids - PUFA fraction, the n6/n3 ratio and the atherogenic and thrombogenic indexes. Commercial layers’ eggs revealed their higher commercial value based on weight, albumen content and percentage of edible content. Abstract The aim of the present study is to investigate the physical parameters and fatty acid composition and related nutritional parameters of market-procured table eggs from Milanino, Mericanel della Brianza and Valdarnese Bianca hens compared to two commercial hybrid strains’ eggs to determine characterizing quality traits for traditional breeds conservation and valorization through high quality niche products. Fifty-four market eggs by three traditional breeds (Mericanel della Brianza—MRC; Milanino—MLN; and Valdarnese Bianca—VLD) and two commercial hybrid strains (Commercial Hybrid Brown—CHB; Commercial Hybrid White—CHW) have been analyzed—physical parameters, fatty acids profile and atherogenic and thrombogenic indexes were investigated. A General Linear Model—GLM was applied to data analysis with breed and genetic origin (traditional breed—TRD; commercial hybrid—HYB) as sources of variation. Two Principal Component Analyses (PCA) were carried out with physical parameters and fatty acid parameters as variables. Eggs produced by traditional breeds MRC MLN and VLD differentiate from eggs produced by commercial hybrids CHB and CHW in physical and chemical parameters (fatty acids parameters). The nutritional value of the traditional eggs has been demonstrated to be higher considering the yolk content, the PUFA fraction, the more favorable n6/n3 ratio and the atherogenic and thrombogenic indexes. Commercial layers’ eggs revealed their higher commercial value based on weight, albumen content and percentage of edible content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Paolo Marelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi LO, Italy; (L.Z.); (A.A.S.); (M.G.S.); (M.G.M.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Luisa Zaniboni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi LO, Italy; (L.Z.); (A.A.S.); (M.G.S.); (M.G.M.); (S.C.)
| | | | - Ahmad Abdel Sayed
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi LO, Italy; (L.Z.); (A.A.S.); (M.G.S.); (M.G.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Maria Giuseppina Strillacci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi LO, Italy; (L.Z.); (A.A.S.); (M.G.S.); (M.G.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Maria Grazia Mangiagalli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi LO, Italy; (L.Z.); (A.A.S.); (M.G.S.); (M.G.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Silvia Cerolini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi LO, Italy; (L.Z.); (A.A.S.); (M.G.S.); (M.G.M.); (S.C.)
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