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Thanki AM, Osei EK, Whenham N, Salter MG, Bedford MR, Masey O’Neill HV, Clokie MRJ. Broad host range phages target global Clostridium perfringens bacterial strains and clear infection in five-strain model systems. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0378423. [PMID: 38511948 PMCID: PMC11064546 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03784-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is a prevalent bacterial pathogen in poultry, and due to the spread of antimicrobial resistance, alternative treatments are needed to prevent and treat infection. Bacteriophages (phages), viruses that kill bacteria, offer a viable option and can be used therapeutically to treat C. perfringens infections. The aim of this study was to isolate phages against C. perfringens strains currently circulating on farms across the world and establish their virulence and development potential using host range screening, virulence assays, and larva infection studies. We isolated 32 phages of which 19 lysed 80%-92% of our global C. perfringens poultry strain collection (n = 97). The virulence of these individual phages and 32 different phage combinations was quantified in liquid culture at multiple doses. We then developed a multi-strain C. perfringens larva infection model, to mimic an effective poultry model used by the industry. We tested the efficacy of 16/32 phage cocktails in the larva model. From this, we identified that our phage cocktail consisting of phages CPLM2, CPLM15, and CPLS41 was the most effective at reducing C. perfringens colonization in infected larvae when administered before bacterial challenge. These data suggest that phages do have significant potential to prevent and treat C. perfringens infection in poultry. IMPORTANCE Clostridium perfringens causes foodborne illness worldwide, and 95% of human infections are linked to the consumption of contaminated meat, including chicken products. In poultry, C. perfringens infection causes necrotic enteritis, and associated mortality rates can be up to 50%. However, treating infections is difficult as the bacterium is becoming antibiotic-resistant. Furthermore, the poultry industry is striving toward reduced antibiotic usage. Bacteriophages (phages) offer a promising alternative, and to progress this approach, robust suitable phages and laboratory models that mimic C. perfringens infections in poultry are required. In our study, we isolated phages targeting C. perfringens and found that many lyse C. perfringens strains isolated from chickens worldwide. Consistent with other published studies, in the model systems we assayed here, when some phages were combined as cocktails, the infection was cleared most effectively compared to individual phage use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisha M. Thanki
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, Leicester Centre for Phage Research, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuel K. Osei
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College, Cork, Ireland
| | - Natasha Whenham
- AB Agri, Innovation Way, Peterborough Business Park, Peterborough, United Kingdom
| | - Michael G. Salter
- AB Agri, Innovation Way, Peterborough Business Park, Peterborough, United Kingdom
| | - Mike R. Bedford
- AB Vista, Woodstock Court, Marlborough Business Park, Marlborough, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Martha R. J. Clokie
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, Leicester Centre for Phage Research, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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2
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Chen P, Lv H, Du M, Liu W, Che C, Zhao J, Liu H. Bacillus subtilis HW2 enhances growth performance and alleviates gut injury via attenuation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and regulation of gut microbiota in broilers under necrotic enteritis challenge. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103661. [PMID: 38547540 PMCID: PMC11000119 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of Bacillus subtilis HW2 on the growth performance, immune response, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and intestinal health in broilers with necrotic enteritis. Three hundred 1-day-old male Cobb 500 broilers (33.88 ± 2.34 g) were randomly allocated to 5 groups including non-infected control (NC group), basal diet + necrotic enteritis challenge (NE group), basal diet + 1 × 106 CFU/g B. subtilis HW2 + necrotic enteritis challenge (L-Pro group), basal diet + 5 × 106 CFU/g B. subtilis HW2 + necrotic enteritis challenge (M-Pro group), and basal diet + 1 × 107 CFU/g B. subtilis HW2 + necrotic enteritis challenge (H-Pro group), with 6 replicates per group. All broilers except NC group were orally given with sporulated coccidian oocysts at day 14 and Clostridium perfringens from days 19 to 21. Results showed that L-Pro and M-Pro groups improved growth performance and intestinal morphology in necrotic enteritis-challenged broilers, and L-Pro, M-Pro, and H-Pro groups improved intestinal barrier function and immune response and decreased ER stress in necrotic enteritis-challenged broilers. Analysis of the gut microbiota revealed that L-Pro group increased the abundances of Alistipes, Coprobacter, Barnesiella, and Limosilactobacillus, decreased Erysipelatoclostridium abundance on day 42 in necrotic enteritis-challenged broilers. M-Pro group increased Turicibacter abundance on day 28 and the abundances of Alistipes, Barnesiella, and Limosilactobacillus on day 42 in necrotic enteritis-challenged broilers. H-Pro group decreased Romboutsia abundance on day 28 and unidentified_Clostridia abundance on day 42 in necrotic enteritis-challenged broilers. Analysis of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) revealed higher isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid levels in L-Pro and M-Pro groups than NE group. Correlation analysis revealed the correlations between the biochemical parameters and gut microbiota as well as SCFAs, especially Romboutsia, Barnesiella, Coprobacter, isobutyric acid, and isovaleric acid. Overall, our results indicated that B. subtilis HW2 supplementation could ameliorate necrotic enteritis infection-induced gut injury. The optimal dietary supplementation dosage of Bacillus subtilis HW2 was 5 × 106 CFU/g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Huimin Lv
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Mengmeng Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Weiyong Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Chuanyan Che
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China
| | - Jinshan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Huawei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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3
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Ali HM, Hussain S, Ahmad MZ, Siddique AB, Ali S, Mohiuddin M, Ehsan M, Nadeem M, Qayyum A, Hussain R, Khan I, A. Al Farraj D, Alzaidi E. Molecular identification of different toxinogenic strains of Clostridium perfringens and histo-pathological observations of camels died of per-acute entero-toxaemia. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27859. [PMID: 38533056 PMCID: PMC10963320 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxaemia is a severe disease caused by Clostridium perfringens and render high mortality and huge economic losses in livestock. However, scanty information and only few cases are reported about the presence and patho-physiology of enterotoxaemia in camels. The bacterium induces per-acute death in animals due to rapid production of different lethal toxins. The necropsy of camels (per-acute = 15, acute = 3) was conducted at 18 outbreaks of enterotoxaemia in camels in the desert area of Bahawalpur region. At necropsy, the serosal surfaces of visceral organs in the abdominal, peritoneal and thoracic cavities were found to have petechiation with severe congestion. Moreover, both the cut-sections of different visceral organs and the histo-pathological analysis revealed the pathological lesions in heart, lungs, kidneys, spleen, small and large intestines. Grossly, the kidneys were severely congested, hyperemic, swollen and softer in consistency. Under the microscope, different sections of kidneys indicated that the convulated and straight tubules were studded with erythrocytes. In the intestines, there were stunting fusion of crypts and villi. Similarly, various histo-pathological ailments were also observed in the heart, lungs and spleen. At blood agar, the collected samples showed beta hemolytic colonies of C. perfringens that appeared as medium sized rods microscopically and stained positively on Gram staining. Multiplex PCR revealed C. perfringens type A (α and β2 genes) and D (epsilon gene) and the deaths were found to be significantly higher due to C. perfringens type D compared to those by C. perfringens type A. Hence, it has been concluded that enterotoxaemia in camel affects multiple organs and becomes fatal, if occurred due to C. perfringens type D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Muhammad Ali
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animals Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Shujaat Hussain
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animals Sciences, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zishan Ahmad
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animals Sciences, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Abu Baker Siddique
- Institute of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sultan Ali
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mudassar Mohiuddin
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animals Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Muhammad Ehsan
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animals Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animals Sciences, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Qayyum
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animals Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Hussain
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animals Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Iahtasham Khan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sub-campus, Jhang, 35200, Pakistan
| | - Dunia A. Al Farraj
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Enshad Alzaidi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Rudzki EN, Antonson ND, Jones TM, Schelsky WM, Trevelline BK, Hauber ME, Kohl KD. Host avian species and environmental conditions influence the microbial ecology of brood parasitic brown-headed cowbird nestlings: What rules the roost? Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17289. [PMID: 38327124 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The role of species interactions, as well as genetic and environmental factors, all likely contribute to the composition and structure of the gut microbiome; however, disentangling these independent factors under field conditions represents a challenge for a functional understanding of gut microbial ecology. Avian brood parasites provide unique opportunities to investigate these questions, as brood parasitism results in parasite and host nestlings being raised in the same nest, by the same parents. Here we utilized obligate brood parasite brown-headed cowbird nestlings (BHCO; Molothrus ater) raised by several different host passerine species to better understand, via 16S rRNA sequencing, the microbial ecology of brood parasitism. First, we compared faecal microbial communities of prothonotary warbler nestlings (PROW; Protonotaria citrea) that were either parasitized or non-parasitized by BHCO and communities among BHCO nestlings from PROW nests. We found that parasitism by BHCO significantly altered both the community membership and community structure of the PROW nestling microbiota, perhaps due to the stressful nest environment generated by brood parasitism. In a second dataset, we compared faecal microbiotas from BHCO nestlings raised by six different host passerine species. Here, we found that the microbiota of BHCO nestlings was significantly influenced by the parental host species and the presence of an inter-specific nestmate. Thus, early rearing environment is important in determining the microbiota of brood parasite nestlings and their companion nestlings. Future work may aim to understand the functional effects of this microbiota variability on nestling performance and fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth N Rudzki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicholas D Antonson
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior, School of Integrative Biology, College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Todd M Jones
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Wendy M Schelsky
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior, School of Integrative Biology, College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Prairie Research Institute, Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Brian K Trevelline
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Mark E Hauber
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior, School of Integrative Biology, College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
- Advanced Science Research Center and Program in Psychology, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kevin D Kohl
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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García-Vela S, Guay LD, Rahman MRT, Biron E, Torres C, Fliss I. Antimicrobial Activity of Synthetic Enterocins A, B, P, SEK4, and L50, Alone and in Combinations, against Clostridium perfringens. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1597. [PMID: 38338877 PMCID: PMC10855908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant Clostridium perfringens infections are a major threat to the poultry industry. Effective alternatives to antibiotics are urgently needed to prevent these infections and limit the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria. The aim of the study was to produce by chemical synthesis a set of enterocins of different subgroups of class II bacteriocins and to compare their spectrum of inhibitory activity, either alone or in combination, against a panel of twenty C. perfringens isolates. Enterocins A, P, SEK4 (class IIa bacteriocins), B (unsubgrouped class II bacteriocin), and L50 (class IId leaderless bacteriocin) were produced by microwave-assisted solid-phase peptide synthesis. Their antimicrobial activity was determined by agar well diffusion and microtitration methods against twenty C. perfringens isolates and against other pathogens. The FICINDEX of different combinations of the selected enterocins was calculated in order to identify combinations with synergistic effects. The results showed that synthetic analogs of L50A and L50B were the most active against C. perfringens. These peptides also showed the broadest spectrum of activity when tested against other non-clostridial indicator strains, including Listeria monocytogenes, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus suis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus cecorum, Enterococcus faecalis, as well as Gram-negative bacteria (Campylobacter coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), among others. The selected synthetic enterocins were combined on the basis of their different mechanisms of action, and all combinations tested showed synergy or partial synergy against C. perfringens. In conclusion, because of their high activity against C. perfringens and other pathogens, the use of synthetic enterocins alone or as a consortium can be a good alternative to the use of antibiotics in the poultry sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara García-Vela
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logrono, La Rioja, Spain;
- Department of Food Science, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Louis-David Guay
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (L.-D.G.); (M.R.T.R.); (E.B.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Md Ramim Tanver Rahman
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (L.-D.G.); (M.R.T.R.); (E.B.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Eric Biron
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (L.-D.G.); (M.R.T.R.); (E.B.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logrono, La Rioja, Spain;
| | - Ismail Fliss
- Department of Food Science, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (L.-D.G.); (M.R.T.R.); (E.B.)
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Shin D, Ha E, Kong M, Ryu S. Characterization of thermostable bacteriophage CPD2 and its endolysin LysCPD2 as biocontrol agents against Clostridium perfringens. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:2069-2077. [PMID: 37860732 PMCID: PMC10581990 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01314-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is one of the major foodborne pathogens in humans and animals. With the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant C. perfringens strains, bacteriophages and their endolysins have received considerable attention as promising alternatives to antibiotics. In this study, C. perfringens phage CPD2 was isolated from retail chicken samples. CPD2 belongs to the Podoviridae family and exhibits remarkable thermostability. While CPD2 has narrow host specificity, its endolysin LysCPD2 showed a broader lytic range, killing not only C. perfringens strains but other Gram-positive bacteria, such as B. cereus and B. subtilis. In addition, due to its exceptional thermal stability, LysCPD2 showed significant antibacterial ability against germinating C. perfringens spores during the heat activation process (75 °C for 20 min). Taken together, these results indicate that both thermostable phage CPD2 and its endolysin LysCPD2 can be used as efficient antimicrobial agents to control C. perfringens during thermal processing of foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daeun Shin
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Korea
| | - Eunsu Ha
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Korea
| | - Minsuk Kong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 01811 Korea
| | - Sangryeol Ryu
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Korea
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Valenzuela-Amaro HM, Aguayo-Acosta A, Meléndez-Sánchez ER, de la Rosa O, Vázquez-Ortega PG, Oyervides-Muñoz MA, Sosa-Hernández JE, Parra-Saldívar R. Emerging Applications of Nanobiosensors in Pathogen Detection in Water and Food. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:922. [PMID: 37887115 PMCID: PMC10605657 DOI: 10.3390/bios13100922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Food and waterborne illnesses are still a major concern in health and food safety areas. Every year, almost 0.42 million and 2.2 million deaths related to food and waterborne illness are reported worldwide, respectively. In foodborne pathogens, bacteria such as Salmonella, Shiga-toxin producer Escherichia coli, Campylobacter, and Listeria monocytogenes are considered to be high-concern pathogens. High-concern waterborne pathogens are Vibrio cholerae, leptospirosis, Schistosoma mansoni, and Schistosima japonicum, among others. Despite the major efforts of food and water quality control to monitor the presence of these pathogens of concern in these kinds of sources, foodborne and waterborne illness occurrence is still high globally. For these reasons, the development of novel and faster pathogen-detection methods applicable to real-time surveillance strategies are required. Methods based on biosensor devices have emerged as novel tools for faster detection of food and water pathogens, in contrast to traditional methods that are usually time-consuming and are unsuitable for large-scale monitoring. Biosensor devices can be summarized as devices that use biochemical reactions with a biorecognition section (isolated enzymes, antibodies, tissues, genetic materials, or aptamers) to detect pathogens. In most cases, biosensors are based on the correlation of electrical, thermal, or optical signals in the presence of pathogen biomarkers. The application of nano and molecular technologies allows the identification of pathogens in a faster and high-sensibility manner, at extremely low-pathogen concentrations. In fact, the integration of gold, silver, iron, and magnetic nanoparticles (NP) in biosensors has demonstrated an improvement in their detection functionality. The present review summarizes the principal application of nanomaterials and biosensor-based devices for the detection of pathogens in food and water samples. Additionally, it highlights the improvement of biosensor devices through nanomaterials. Nanomaterials offer unique advantages for pathogen detection. The nanoscale and high specific surface area allows for more effective interaction with pathogenic agents, enhancing the sensitivity and selectivity of the biosensors. Finally, biosensors' capability to functionalize with specific molecules such as antibodies or nucleic acids facilitates the specific detection of the target pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiram Martin Valenzuela-Amaro
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (H.M.V.-A.); (A.A.-A.); (E.R.M.-S.); (O.d.l.R.); (M.A.O.-M.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Alberto Aguayo-Acosta
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (H.M.V.-A.); (A.A.-A.); (E.R.M.-S.); (O.d.l.R.); (M.A.O.-M.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Edgar Ricardo Meléndez-Sánchez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (H.M.V.-A.); (A.A.-A.); (E.R.M.-S.); (O.d.l.R.); (M.A.O.-M.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Orlando de la Rosa
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (H.M.V.-A.); (A.A.-A.); (E.R.M.-S.); (O.d.l.R.); (M.A.O.-M.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | | | - Mariel Araceli Oyervides-Muñoz
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (H.M.V.-A.); (A.A.-A.); (E.R.M.-S.); (O.d.l.R.); (M.A.O.-M.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Juan Eduardo Sosa-Hernández
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (H.M.V.-A.); (A.A.-A.); (E.R.M.-S.); (O.d.l.R.); (M.A.O.-M.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldívar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (H.M.V.-A.); (A.A.-A.); (E.R.M.-S.); (O.d.l.R.); (M.A.O.-M.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
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8
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Goo D, Choi J, Ko H, Choppa VSR, Liu G, Lillehoj HS, Kim WK. Effects of Eimeria maxima infection doses on growth performance and gut health in dual-infection model of necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1269398. [PMID: 37799512 PMCID: PMC10547889 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1269398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the different doses of Eimeria maxima (EM) oocysts on growth performance and intestinal health in broiler chickens challenged with a dual infection model of necrotic enteritis (NE) using EM and NetB+ Clostridium perfringens (CP). A total of 432 fourteen-d-old male Cobb 500 broiler chickens were divided into 6 groups with 6 replicates each. The six different groups were as follows: Control, non-challenged; T0+, challenged with CP at 1 × 109 colony forming unit; T5K+, T0+ + 5,000 EM oocysts; T10K+, T0+ + 10,000 EM oocysts; T20K+; T0+ + 20,000 EM oocysts; and T40K+; T0+ + 40,000 EM oocysts. The challenge groups were orally inoculated with EM strain 41A on d 14, followed by NetB+ CP strain Del-1 on 4 days post inoculation (dpi). Increasing EM oocysts decreased d 21 body weight, body weight gain, feed intake (linear and quadratic, p < 0.001), and feed efficiency (linear, p < 0.001) from 0 to 7 dpi. Increasing EM oocysts increased jejunal NE lesion score and intestinal permeability on 5, 6, and 7 dpi (linear, p < 0.05). On 7 dpi, increasing the infection doses of EM oocysts increased jejunal CP colony counts (linear, p < 0.05) and increased fecal EM oocyst output (linear and quadratic, p < 0.001). Furthermore, increasing the infection doses of EM oocysts decreased the villus height to crypt depth ratios and the goblet cell counts (linear, p < 0.05) on 6 dpi. Increasing EM oocysts downregulated the expression of MUC2, B0AT, B0,+AT, PepT1, GLUT2, AvBD3 and 9, LEAP2, and TLR4, while upregulating CLDN1, CATHL3, IL-1β, IFN-γ, TNFSF15, TNF-α, IL-10, and Gam56 and 82 on 6 dpi (linear, p < 0.05). Additionally, increasing EM oocysts decreased Pielou's evenness and Shannon's entropy (linear, p < 0.01). In conclusion, increasing the infection doses of EM significantly aggravated the severity of NE and exerted negative impact on intestinal health from 5 to 7 dpi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doyun Goo
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Janghan Choi
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Hanseo Ko
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | | | - Guanchen Liu
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Hyun Soon Lillehoj
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Woo Kyun Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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9
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Chowdhury T, Ahmed J, Hossain MT, Roy MC, Ashik‐Uz‐Zaman M, Uddin MN, Rahman MM, Kabir MG, Hossain FMA. Knowledge, attitudes and biosecurity practices among the small-scale dairy farmers in Sylhet district, Bangladesh. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:2221-2229. [PMID: 37418347 PMCID: PMC10508524 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the context of zoonosis, Bangladesh's small-scale dairying is yet to frame satisfactory levels due to poor biosecurity practices. OBJECTIVES This study intended to reveal the degree of knowledge, attitudes and biosecurity practices among Sylhet district, Bangladesh's small-scale dairy farmers. We also focused on the association between biosecurity practices and the incidence of non-specific enteritis in humans. METHODS A questionnaire-based survey was conducted on the farmers' KAP via personal interviews of 15 farmers from the randomly selected fifteen small-scale dairy farms. The questionnaire was developed with 6 questions for knowledge, 6 questions for attitude and 12 questions for the practice of biosecurity measures. Alongside that, data on the number of non-specific enteritis cases experienced by the farmers or their family members were also recorded. Spearman correlation was used to find out the correlation among KAP variables and between practice scores and non-specific enteritis incidences. RESULTS We found an insignificant (p > 0.05) influence of demographic characteristics over knowledge, attitude and biosecurity practices. Significant (p < 0.05) and strong correlations were found in knowledge-attitude (r = 0.65), knowledge-practice (r = 0.71) and attitude-practice (r = 0.64). Incidences of non-specific enteritis and biosecurity measures' practice were also strongly correlated (r = -0.9232) and statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that increasing knowledge and developing a good attitude are necessary to increase the adaptation of biosecurity measures as three of these factors are correlated. Moreover, farm biosecurity measures are closely related to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonmoy Chowdhury
- Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical SciencesSylhet Agricultural UniversitySylhetBangladesh
| | - Junayed Ahmed
- Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical SciencesSylhet Agricultural UniversitySylhetBangladesh
| | - Md Tafazzal Hossain
- Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical SciencesSylhet Agricultural UniversitySylhetBangladesh
| | - Mithu Chandra Roy
- Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical SciencesSylhet Agricultural UniversitySylhetBangladesh
| | - Md Ashik‐Uz‐Zaman
- Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical SciencesSylhet Agricultural UniversitySylhetBangladesh
| | - Md Nazim Uddin
- Department of Livestock Production and Management, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical SciencesSylhet Agricultural UniversitySylhetBangladesh
| | - Md Masudur Rahman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical SciencesSylhet Agricultural UniversitySylhetBangladesh
| | - Md Golam Kabir
- Department of Livestock Services (DLS)Integrated Livestock Development Project (ILDP) in Haor AreasDhakaBangladesh
| | - Ferdaus Mohd Altaf Hossain
- Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical SciencesSylhet Agricultural UniversitySylhetBangladesh
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10
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Deslauriers N, Boulianne M. Evolution of Bacterial Vaccines: from Pasteur to Genomics. Avian Dis 2023; 67:1-6. [PMID: 39126419 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-23-99994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Vaccination against bacteria offers its share of challenges, and important progress has been made in recent years. Conventional vaccinology has protected poultry for decades with killed and attenuated bacterial vaccines. Because of the limitations of these vaccines, and given the latest technological advances, other types of vaccines were developed using various strategies. New vaccines are also being commercialized using viral or bacterial recombinant vectors or in the form of subunit vaccines developed by a genomic approach and bioinformatics analyses. As bacteria are forever-evolving microorganisms, there is no doubt that vaccine strategies preventing bacterial diseases will also evolve and that new generations of vaccines are yet to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Deslauriers
- Chair in Poultry Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada QC J2S 2M2
| | - Martine Boulianne
- Chair in Poultry Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada QC J2S 2M2,
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11
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Fan YC, Wu YT, Wu YHS, Wang CL, Chou CH, Chen YC, Tsai HJ. Investigation of Trehalose Supplementation Impacting Campylobacter jejuni and Clostridium perfringens from Broiler Farming. Vet Sci 2023; 10:466. [PMID: 37505870 PMCID: PMC10385778 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10070466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2006, the European Commission banned the use of antibiotic promoters in animal feed. However, there is a new situation in poultry disease where it is necessary to study feed additives, which can overcome the diseases that were previously controlled through the addition of antibiotics and antimicrobial growth promoters in the feed. Therefore, trehalose was investigated to determine whether it impacts the growth performance and pathogenic bacteria (C. jejuni and C. perfringens) inoculation in broilers. In the first experiment, the tolerance of broilers to the addition of trehalose to their feed was investigated. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in body weight changes, daily weight gain, feed intake or feed conversion ratio during the feeding period. Within a 35-day feeding period, it was concluded that a trehalose dosage up to 10% does not exert a negative effect on broiler farming. Moreover, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the broilers' growth performance, as well as C. jejuni and C. perfringens counts in the intestines and feces of broilers observed over a 5-week feeding period. However, Lactobacillus counts significantly increased in these groups with 3% and 5% trehalose supplementation. The findings indicate that trehalose supplementation in the feed cannot directly decrease C. jejuni and C. perfringens counts but may enhance gut health by raising Lactobacillus counts in chicken gut, particularly when enteropathogenic bacteria are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Chi Fan
- Zoonoses Research Center and School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tei Wu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsieng Samuel Wu
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University-Yangming Campus, 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lan Wang
- Zoonoses Research Center and School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsi Chou
- Zoonoses Research Center and School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei City 106, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Jung Tsai
- Zoonoses Research Center and School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei City 106, Taiwan
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12
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García-Vela S, Martínez-Sancho A, Said LB, Torres C, Fliss I. Pathogenicity and Antibiotic Resistance Diversity in Clostridium perfringens Isolates from Poultry Affected by Necrotic Enteritis in Canada. Pathogens 2023; 12:905. [PMID: 37513752 PMCID: PMC10383762 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Necrotic enteritis (NE) caused by C. perfringens is one of the most common diseases of poultry and results in a huge economic loss to the poultry industry, with resistant clostridial strains being a serious concern and making the treatment difficult. Whole-genome sequencing approaches represent a good tool to determine resistance profiles and also shed light for a better understanding of the pathogen. The aim of this study was to characterize, at the genomic level, a collection of 20 C. perfringens isolates from poultry affected by NE, giving special emphasis to resistance mechanisms and production of bacteriocins. Antimicrobial resistance genes were found, with the tet genes (associated with tetracycline resistance) being the most prevalent. Interestingly, two isolates carried the erm(T) gene associated with erythromycin resistance, which has only been reported in other Gram-positive bacteria. Twelve of the isolates were toxinotyped as type A and seven as type G. Other virulence factors encoding hyaluronases and sialidases were frequently detected, as well as different plasmids. Sequence types (ST) revealed a high variability of the isolates, finding new allelic combinations. Among the isolates, C. perfringens MLG7307 showed unique characteristics; it presented a toxin combination that made it impossible to toxinotype, and, despite being identified as C. perfringens, it lacked the housekeeping gene colA. Genes encoding bacteriocin BCN5 were found in five isolates even though no antimicrobial activity could be detected in those isolates. The bcn5 gene of three of our isolates was similar to one previously reported, showing two polymorphisms. Concluding, this study provides insights into the genomic characteristics of C. perfringens and a better understanding of this avian pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara García-Vela
- Department of Food Science, University of Laval, Quebec, QC QCG1V0A6, Canada
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logrono, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Agustí Martínez-Sancho
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logrono, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Laila Ben Said
- Department of Food Science, University of Laval, Quebec, QC QCG1V0A6, Canada
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logrono, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Ismail Fliss
- Department of Food Science, University of Laval, Quebec, QC QCG1V0A6, Canada
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13
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Mantzios T, Tsiouris V, Papadopoulos GA, Economou V, Petridou E, Brellou GD, Giannenas I, Biliaderis CG, Kiskinis K, Fortomaris P. Investigation of the Effect of Three Commercial Water Acidifiers on the Performance, Gut Health, and Campylobacter jejuni Colonization in Experimentally Challenged Broiler Chicks. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2037. [PMID: 37370547 DOI: 10.3390/ani13122037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of three commercial water acidifiers on the performance, gut health, and C. jejuni colonization in experimentally challenged broiler chicks. A total of 192 one-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308®) were randomly allocated into 6 treatment groups with 4 replicates according to the following experimental design: group A, birds were not challenged and received tap water; group B, birds were challenged and received tap water; groups C, D, E, and F, birds were challenged and received tap water treated with 0.1% v/v SPECTRON®, with 0.1-0.2% v/v ProPhorce™ SA Exclusive, with 0.1-0.2% v/v Premium acid, and with 0.1-0.2% v/v Salgard® Liquid, respectively. The continuous water acidification evoked undesirable effects on broilers' performance and to an increased number of birds with ulcers and erosions in the oral cavity and the upper esophageal area. ProPhorce™ SA Exclusive and Premium acid significantly reduced the C. jejuni counts in the crop, whereas Salgard® Liquid significantly reduced the C. jejuni counts in the ceca of birds. At slaughter age, only Premium acid significantly reduced C. jejuni counts in the ceca of birds. All the tested products ameliorated the changes induced by C. jejuni infection in the pH in the ceca of birds. It can be concluded that besides the effectiveness of the tested products in controlling C. jejuni in broilers, their continuous application evoked undesirable effects on broilers' performance, leading to the need to modify the dosage scheme in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilemachos Mantzios
- Unit of Avian Medicine, Clinic of Farm Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 27 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasilios Tsiouris
- Unit of Avian Medicine, Clinic of Farm Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 27 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios A Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vangelis Economou
- Laboratory of Food Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evanthia Petridou
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgia D Brellou
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 27 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ilias Giannenas
- Laboratory of Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Costas G Biliaderis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Kiskinis
- Unit of Avian Medicine, Clinic of Farm Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 27 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paschalis Fortomaris
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
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14
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García-Vela S, Ben Said L, Soltani S, Guerbaa R, Fernández-Fernández R, Ben Yahia H, Ben Slama K, Torres C, Fliss I. Targeting Enterococci with Antimicrobial Activity against Clostridium perfringens from Poultry. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020231. [PMID: 36830142 PMCID: PMC9952055 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Necrotic enteritis (NE), caused by Clostridium perfringens, is an emerging issue in poultry farming. New approaches, other than antibiotics, are necessary to prevent NE development and the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Enterococci are commensal microorganisms that can produce enterocins, antimicrobial peptides with activities against pathogens, and could be excellent candidates for protective cultures. This study aimed to screen and characterize Enterococcus strains of poultry origin for their inhibitory activity against C. perfringens. In total, 251 Enterococcus strains of poultry origin plus five bacteriocin-producing (BP+) E. durans strains of other origins were screened for antimicrobial activity against the indicator C. perfringens X2967 strain using the "spot on the lawn" method. We detected thirty-two BP+ strains (eleven Enterococcus faecium, nine E. gallinarum, eight E. faecalis, three E. durans, and one E. casseliflavus). We further studied the antimicrobial activity of the supernatants of these 32 BP+ strains using agar well diffusion and microtitration against a collection of 20 C. perfringens strains. Twelve BP+ enterococci that were found to exhibit antimicrobial activity against C. perfringens were characterized using whole genome sequencing. Among these, E. faecium X2893 and X2906 were the most promising candidates for further studies as protective cultures for poultry farming. Both strains belong to the sequence type ST722, harbor the genes encoding for enterocin A and enterocin B, do not possess acquired resistance genes, do not carry plasmids, and present the acm gene, which is implicated in host colonization. Further research is needed to determine the utility of these strains as protective cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara García-Vela
- Department of Food Science, University of Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Laila Ben Said
- Department of Food Science, University of Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Samira Soltani
- Department of Food Science, University of Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Ramzi Guerbaa
- Department of Food Science, University of Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Laboratoire Bioressources, Environnement et Biotechnologie (LR22ES04), Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Rosa Fernández-Fernández
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Houssem Ben Yahia
- Laboratoire Bioressources, Environnement et Biotechnologie (LR22ES04), Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Karim Ben Slama
- Laboratoire Bioressources, Environnement et Biotechnologie (LR22ES04), Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.T.); (I.F.)
| | - Ismail Fliss
- Department of Food Science, University of Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Correspondence: (C.T.); (I.F.)
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15
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Gudkov SV, Li R, Serov DA, Burmistrov DE, Baimler IV, Baryshev AS, Simakin AV, Uvarov OV, Astashev ME, Nefedova NB, Smolentsev SY, Onegov AV, Sevostyanov MA, Kolmakov AG, Kaplan MA, Drozdov A, Tolordava ER, Semenova AA, Lisitsyn AB, Lednev VN. Fluoroplast Doped by Ag 2O Nanoparticles as New Repairing Non-Cytotoxic Antibacterial Coating for Meat Industry. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010869. [PMID: 36614309 PMCID: PMC9821803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Foodborne infections are an important global health problem due to their high prevalence and potential for severe complications. Bacterial contamination of meat during processing at the enterprise can be a source of foodborne infections. Polymeric coatings with antibacterial properties can be applied to prevent bacterial contamination. A composite coating based on fluoroplast and Ag2O NPs can serve as such a coating. In present study, we, for the first time, created a composite coating based on fluoroplast and Ag2O NPs. Using laser ablation in water, we obtained spherical Ag2O NPs with an average size of 45 nm and a ζ-potential of -32 mV. The resulting Ag2O NPs at concentrations of 0.001-0.1% were transferred into acetone and mixed with a fluoroplast-based varnish. The developed coating made it possible to completely eliminate damage to a Teflon cutting board. The fluoroplast/Ag2O NP coating was free of defects and inhomogeneities at the nano level. The fluoroplast/Ag2O NP composite increased the production of ROS (H2O2, OH radical), 8-oxogualnine in DNA in vitro, and long-lived active forms of proteins. The effect depended on the mass fraction of the added Ag2O NPs. The 0.01-0.1% fluoroplast/NP Ag2O coating exhibited excellent bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria but did not affect the viability of eukaryotic cells. The developed PTFE/NP Ag2O 0.01-0.1% coating can be used to protect cutting boards from bacterial contamination in the meat processing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V. Gudkov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilove St. 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- All-Russia Research Institute of Phytopathology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute St., 5, Big Vyazyomy, 143050 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603105 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Ruibin Li
- School for Radiologic and Interdisciplinary Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Dmitriy A. Serov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilove St. 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya St., 3, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Dmitriy E. Burmistrov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilove St. 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya V. Baimler
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilove St. 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey S. Baryshev
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilove St. 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Simakin
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilove St. 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg V. Uvarov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilove St. 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim E. Astashev
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilove St. 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya St., 3, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Natalia B. Nefedova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya St., 3, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
- Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education Pushchino State Institute of Natural Science, Science Av. 3, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | | | - Andrey V. Onegov
- Mari State University, pl. Lenina, 1, 424001 Yoshkar-Ola, Russia
| | - Mikhail A. Sevostyanov
- All-Russia Research Institute of Phytopathology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute St., 5, Big Vyazyomy, 143050 Moscow, Russia
- A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science (IMET RAS) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 49, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey G. Kolmakov
- A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science (IMET RAS) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 49, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail A. Kaplan
- A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science (IMET RAS) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 49, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Drozdov
- Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulitsa Ivana Chernykh, 31–33, lit. A, 198095 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Eteri R. Tolordava
- V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Talalikhina St., 26, 109316 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia A. Semenova
- V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Talalikhina St., 26, 109316 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey B. Lisitsyn
- V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Talalikhina St., 26, 109316 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasily N. Lednev
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilove St. 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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Shanmugasundaram R, Adams D, Ramirez S, Murugesan GR, Applegate TJ, Cunningham S, Pokoo-Aikins A, Glenn AE. Subclinical Doses of Combined Fumonisins and Deoxynivalenol Predispose Clostridium perfringens–Inoculated Broilers to Necrotic Enteritis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:934660. [PMID: 35936897 PMCID: PMC9353554 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.934660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fumonisins (FB) and deoxynivalenol (DON) are mycotoxins which may predispose broiler chickens to necrotic enteritis (NE). The objective of this study was to identify the effects of subclinical doses of combined FB and DON on NE. A total of 480 day-old male broiler chicks were divided into four treatment groups; 1) control group (basal diet + Clostridium perfringens); 2) necrotic enteritis group (basal diet + Eimeria maxima + C. perfringens); 3) FB + DON group (basal diet + 3 mg/kg FB + 4 mg/kg DON + C. perfringens); and 4) FB + DON + NE group (basal diet + 3 mg/kg FB + 4 mg/kg DON + E. maxima + C. perfringens). Birds in NE and FB + DON + NE groups received 2.5 × 103E. maxima on day 14. All birds were inoculated with C. perfringens on days 19, 20, and 21. On day 35, birds in the NE, FB + DON, and FB + DON + NE groups had 242, 84, and 339 g lower BWG and a 19-, 2-, and 22-point increase in FCR respectively, than in the control group. Subclinical doses of FB + DON increased (p < 0.05) the NE lesion scores compared to the control group on day 21. On day 21, birds in the NE, FB + DON, and FB + DON + NE groups had increased (p < 0.05) serum FITC-D, lower (p < 0.05) jejunal tight junction protein mRNA, and increased (p < 0.05) cecal tonsil IL-1 mRNA compared to control group. On day 21, birds in the NE group had decreased (p < 0.05) villi height to crypt depth ratio compared to the control group and the presence of FB + DON in NE-induced birds further decreased the villi height to crypt depth ratio. Birds in the NE, FB + DON, and FB + DON + NE groups had increased (p < 0.05) C. perfringens, lower (p < 0.05) Lactobacillus loads in the cecal content, and a lower (p < 0.05) CD8+: CD4+ cell ratio in the cecal tonsils compared to the control group. It can be concluded that subclinical doses of combined FB and DON predispose C. perfringens-inoculated birds to NE, and the presence of FB + DON in NE-induced birds exacerbated the severity of NE.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Shanmugasundaram
- Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, United States
- *Correspondence: R. Shanmugasundaram,
| | - D. Adams
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - S. Ramirez
- DSM Animal Nutrition and Health, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | | | - T. J. Applegate
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - S. Cunningham
- Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, United States
| | - A. Pokoo-Aikins
- Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, United States
| | - A. E. Glenn
- Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, United States
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Wang C, Ye Q, Jiang A, Zhang J, Shang Y, Li F, Zhou B, Xiang X, Gu Q, Pang R, Ding Y, Wu S, Chen M, Wu Q, Wang J. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Detection Using Conventional PCR and Quantitative Real-Time PCR Based on Species-Specific Novel Gene Targets Identified by Pangenome Analysis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:820431. [PMID: 35602063 PMCID: PMC9119647 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.820431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mining novel specific molecular targets and establishing efficient identification methods are significant for detecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which can enable P. aeruginosa tracing in food and water. Pangenome analysis was used to analyze the whole genomic sequences of 2017 strains (including 1,000 P. aeruginosa strains and 1,017 other common foodborne pathogen strains) downloaded from gene databases to obtain novel species-specific genes, yielding a total of 11 such genes. Four novel target genes, UCBPP-PA14_00095, UCBPP-PA14_03237, UCBPP-PA14_04976, and UCBPP-PA14_03627, were selected for use, which had 100% coverage in the target strain and were not present in nontarget bacteria. PCR primers (PA1, PA2, PA3, and PA4) and qPCR primers (PA12, PA13, PA14, and PA15) were designed based on these target genes to establish detection methods. For the PCR primer set, the minimum detection limit for DNA was 65.4 fg/μl, which was observed for primer set PA2 of the UCBPP-PA14_03237 gene. The detection limit in pure culture without pre-enrichment was 105 colony-forming units (CFU)/ml for primer set PA1, 103 CFU/ml for primer set PA2, and 104 CFU/ml for primer set PA3 and primer set PA4. Then, qPCR standard curves were established based on the novel species-specific targets. The standard curves showed perfect linear correlations, with R2 values of 0.9901 for primer set PA12, 0.9915 for primer set PA13, 0.9924 for primer set PA14, and 0.9935 for primer set PA15. The minimum detection limit of the real-time PCR (qPCR) assay was 102 CFU/ml for pure cultures of P. aeruginosa. Compared with the endpoint PCR and traditional culture methods, the qPCR assay was more sensitive by one or two orders of magnitude. The feasibility of these methods was satisfactory in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency after evaluating 29 ready-to-eat vegetable samples and was almost consistent with that of the national standard detection method. The developed assays can be applied for rapid screening and detection of pathogenic P. aeruginosa, providing accurate results to inform effective monitoring measures in order to improve microbiological safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chufang Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aiming Jiang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Shang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoqing Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinran Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qihui Gu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Pang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Moutong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Cruz KCP, Enekegho LO, Stuart DT. Bioengineered Probiotics: Synthetic Biology Can Provide Live Cell Therapeutics for the Treatment of Foodborne Diseases. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:890479. [PMID: 35656199 PMCID: PMC9152101 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.890479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The rising prevalence of antibiotic resistant microbial pathogens presents an ominous health and economic challenge to modern society. The discovery and large-scale development of antibiotic drugs in previous decades was transformational, providing cheap, effective treatment for what would previously have been a lethal infection. As microbial strains resistant to many or even all antibiotic drug treatments have evolved, there is an urgent need for new drugs or antimicrobial treatments to control these pathogens. The ability to sequence and mine the genomes of an increasing number of microbial strains from previously unexplored environments has the potential to identify new natural product antibiotic biosynthesis pathways. This coupled with the power of synthetic biology to generate new production chassis, biosensors and “weaponized” live cell therapeutics may provide new means to combat the rapidly evolving threat of drug resistant microbial pathogens. This review focuses on the application of synthetic biology to construct probiotic strains that have been endowed with functionalities allowing them to identify, compete with and in some cases kill microbial pathogens as well as stimulate host immunity. Weaponized probiotics may have the greatest potential for use against pathogens that infect the gastrointestinal tract: Vibrio cholerae, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens and Clostridioides difficile. The potential benefits of engineered probiotics are highlighted along with the challenges that must still be met before these intriguing and exciting new therapeutic tools can be widely deployed.
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19
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Ogbuewu IP, Mabelebele M, Sebola NA, Mbajiorgu C. Bacillus Probiotics as Alternatives to In-feed Antibiotics and Its Influence on Growth, Serum Chemistry, Antioxidant Status, Intestinal Histomorphology, and Lesion Scores in Disease-Challenged Broiler Chickens. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:876725. [PMID: 35573393 PMCID: PMC9096611 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.876725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In commercial poultry production, chickens are reared under intensive conditions, which may allow infections to spread quickly. Antibiotics are used at sub-therapeutic doses in livestock and poultry feed to prevent diseases and improve productivity. However, restrictions on the use of antibiotics at sub-therapeutic concentrations in livestock feed due to growing concerns of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), together with antibiotic residues in meat and eggs has prompted poultry researchers and feed producers to look for viable alternatives. Thus, there is increasing interest in developing natural alternatives to in-feed antibiotics to improve chicken productivity and health. Probiotics, specifically from the genus Bacillus have proven to be effective due to their spore-forming capabilities. Furthermore, their ability to withstand heat during feed processing and be stored for a long time without losing viability as well as their potential to function in the acidic medium of the chicken gut, provide them with several advantages over conventional probiotics. Several studies regarding the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Bacillus probiotics and their positive impact in chicken nutrition have been documented. Therefore, the present review shields light on the positive effect of Bacillus probiotics as alternatives to in-feed antibiotics on growth performance, serum chemistry, antioxidant status, intestinal histomorphology and lesion scores of disease-challenged broiler chickens and the mechanisms by which they exert their actions. It is concluded that Bacillus probiotics supplementation improve growth, health and productive indices of disease-challenged broiler chickens and can be a good alternative to in-feed antibiotics. However, more studies are required on the effect of Bacillus probiotics supplementation in broiler chickens to maximize productivity and achieve the ultimate goal of stopping the usage of antibiotics at sub-therapeutic doses in broiler chicken feed to enhance performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifeanyi Princewill Ogbuewu
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria
| | - Monnye Mabelebele
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
| | | | - Christian Mbajiorgu
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
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20
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Huang S, Tian Y, Wang Y, García P, Liu B, Lu R, Wu L, Bao H, Pang M, Zhou Y, Wang R, Zhang H. The Broad Host Range Phage vB_CpeS_BG3P Is Able to Inhibit Clostridium perfringens Growth. Viruses 2022; 14:v14040676. [PMID: 35458406 PMCID: PMC9033094 DOI: 10.3390/v14040676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is an important pathogen for both humans and animals, causing human foodborne disease and necrotic enteritis in poultry. In the present study, a C. perfringens-specific phage, vB_CpeS_BG3P (designated as BG3P hereafter), was isolated from chicken farm sewage. Both electron microscopy and phylogenetic analysis suggested that phage BG3P is a novel phage belonging to Siphoviridae family. Phage BG3P exhibited a broad host range against different C. perfringens isolates (90.63% of strains were infected). Sequencing of the complete genome revealed a linear double-stranded DNA (43,528 bp) with 28.65% GC content. After sequence analysis, 73 open reading frames (orfs) were predicted, of which only 13 were annotated with known functions. No tRNA and virulence encoding genes were detected. It should be noted that the protein of orf 15 has 97.92% homology to C. perfringens-specific chloramphenicol resistance protein, which has not been reported for any C. perfringens phage. Phylogenetic analysis of the ssDNA binding protein demonstrated that this phage is closely related to C. perfringens phages phiSM101 and phi3626. In considering future use as an antimicrobial agent, some biological characteristics were observed, such as a good pH (3−11) stability and moderate temperature tolerance (<60 °C). Moreover, bacteriophage BG3P showed a good antimicrobial effect against C. perfringens liquid cultures. Thus, phage treatment with MOI ≥ 100 completely inhibited bacterial growth compared to untreated cultures. Although phage BG3P shows good lytic efficiency and broad host range in vitro, future development and application may need to consider removal of the chloramphenicol-like resistance gene or exploring its lysin for future antibacterial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of MOST, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.T.); (B.L.); (R.L.); (L.W.); (H.B.); (M.P.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.)
| | - Yuan Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of MOST, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.T.); (B.L.); (R.L.); (L.W.); (H.B.); (M.P.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.)
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yongjuan Wang
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, China;
| | - Pilar García
- Dairy Research Institute of Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain;
| | - Banhong Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of MOST, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.T.); (B.L.); (R.L.); (L.W.); (H.B.); (M.P.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.)
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Rui Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of MOST, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.T.); (B.L.); (R.L.); (L.W.); (H.B.); (M.P.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.)
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Liting Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of MOST, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.T.); (B.L.); (R.L.); (L.W.); (H.B.); (M.P.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.)
| | - Hongduo Bao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of MOST, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.T.); (B.L.); (R.L.); (L.W.); (H.B.); (M.P.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.)
| | - Maoda Pang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of MOST, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.T.); (B.L.); (R.L.); (L.W.); (H.B.); (M.P.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.)
| | - Yan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of MOST, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.T.); (B.L.); (R.L.); (L.W.); (H.B.); (M.P.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.)
| | - Ran Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of MOST, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.T.); (B.L.); (R.L.); (L.W.); (H.B.); (M.P.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.)
| | - Hui Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of MOST, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.T.); (B.L.); (R.L.); (L.W.); (H.B.); (M.P.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-25-84391627; Fax: +86-25-84391617
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21
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In Vivo Recovery of Bacteriophages and Their Effects on Clostridium perfringens-Infected Broiler Chickens. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9030119. [PMID: 35324847 PMCID: PMC8953289 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9030119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to recover bacteriophages (BPs) from the intestinal digesta of BP-fed broilers and to evaluate the antibacterial effects of encapsulated or powdered BPs in broiler chickens challenged with Clostridium perfringens. Day-old broiler chicks (n = 320/experiment) were randomly assigned to 32 pens (n = 10 broilers/pen) and allocated to one of four dietary groups: (1) unchallenged group (NEG); (2) C. perfringens-challenged group (POS); (3) POS group fed a diet supplemented with powdered BPs; and (4) POS group fed a diet supplemented with encapsulated BPs. On days 21, 22, and 23 post-hatch, all chickens except NEG were orally inoculated twice a day with 2 mL C. perfringens (1.0 × 108 cfu/mL). Varying BP levels were detected in gut digesta at all ages and were numerically or significantly higher in the encapsulated BP group than in the powdered BP group. Dietary powder or encapsulated BPs reversed the C. perfringens-mediated increase in crypt depth. In addition, villus height to crypt depth ratio was elevated in the NEG and BP-treated/challenged groups compared with that in the POS group. C. perfringens counts in the cecum were significantly lower in the BP-fed chickens than in the POS group. The encapsulated BP-supplemented diet-fed chickens had the highest serum IgA levels. Collectively, our results suggest that dietary BP remains viable in intestinal digesta upon ingestion and can inhibit cecal C. perfringens counts.
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Gomez-Osorio LM, Yepes-Medina V, Ballou A, Parini M, Angel R. Short and Medium Chain Fatty Acids and Their Derivatives as a Natural Strategy in the Control of Necrotic Enteritis and Microbial Homeostasis in Broiler Chickens. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:773372. [PMID: 34970616 PMCID: PMC8712453 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.773372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) has historically been the most important prophylactic strategy for the control of Necrotic Enteritis (NE) caused by some Clostridium perfringens toxin types in poultry. During the last five decades, AGPs have also been supplemented in feed to improve body weight gain and feed efficiency as well as to modulate the microbiome (consisting of microbes and their genes both beneficial and potentially harmful) and reduce enteric pathogens, among other benefits. New regulatory requirements and consumer preferences have led to strong interest in natural alternatives to the AGPs for the prevention and control of illnesses caused by enteric pathogens. This interest is not just focused on the direct removal or inhibition of the causative microorganisms but also the improvement of intestinal health and homeostasis using a range of feed additives. A group of promising feed additives is short- and medium-chain fatty acids (SCFA and MCFA, respectively) and their derivatives. The use of SCFA and MCFA, including butyric, caproic, caprylic, capric, and lauric acids, has shown strong effects against NE in broilers both at experimental and commercial levels. These fatty acids also benefit intestinal health integrity and homeostasis. Other effects have also been documented, including increases in intestinal angiogenesis and gene expression of tight junctions. Chemical modifications to improve stability and point of release in the intestine have been shown to improve the efficacy of SCFA and MCFA and their derivatives. The aim of this review is to give an overview of SCFA, MCFA and their derivatives, as an alternative to replace AGPs to control the incidence and severity of NE in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anne Ballou
- Iluma Innovation Labs, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | - Roselina Angel
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
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23
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Yang JJ, Lee K. Epidemiologic Changes in Over 10 Years of Community-Acquired Bacterial Enteritis in Children. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr 2022; 25:41-51. [PMID: 35087732 PMCID: PMC8762604 DOI: 10.5223/pghn.2022.25.1.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Community-acquired bacterial enteritis (CABE) is a common problem in developed countries. It is important to understand the epidemiologic changes in bacterial pathogens for prevention and treatment. Therefore, we studied the epidemiologic changes in CABE in Korean children. METHODS A total of 197 hospitalized pediatric patients aged <19 years that presented with dysentery symptoms and showed positive polymerase chain reaction results for bacterial species in stool samples, were enrolled in this study for 10 years (June 2010 to June 2020). We classified patients in phase I (06, 2010-06, 2015) and phase II (07, 2015-06, 2020) and analyzed their epidemiologic and clinical characteristics. RESULTS The most common pathogens were Campylobacter species (42.6%) and Salmonella species were the second most common pathogens (23.9%). The abundance of pathogens decreased in the following order: Clostridium difficile (9.6%), Shigella (5.6%), and Clostridium perfringens (5.6%). Escherichia coli O157:H7 was found to be the rarest pathogen (2.0%). Campylobacter species showed an increase in the infection rate from 32.1% in phase I to 49.6% in phase II (p=0.0011). Shigella species showed a decline in the infection rate in phase I from 14.1% to 0.0% in phase II (p<0.001). C. difficile and C. perfringens showed an increase in infection rate in phase II compared to phase I, but the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION The infection rate of Campylobacter species in CABE has been rising more recently, reaching almost 50%. This study may help establish policies for prevention and treatment of CABE in Korean children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Jin Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Kunsong Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
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24
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Elnar AG, Kim GB. Complete genome sequence of Clostridium perfringens B20, a bacteriocin-producing pathogen. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 63:1468-1472. [PMID: 34957460 PMCID: PMC8672250 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2021.e113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens B20 was isolated from chicken feces collected from a local farm associated with Chung-Ang University (Anseong, Korea). The whole genome of C. perfringens B20 was sequenced using the PacBio RS II platform and assembled de novo. The genome is 2,982,563 bp long and assembled in two contigs. Annotation analyses revealed 2,668 protein-coding sequences, 30 rRNA genes, and 94 tRNA genes, with 28.2% G + C (guanine + cytosine) content. In silico genomic analysis revealed the presence of genes encoding a class IId bacteriocin, lactococcin A, and associated ABC transporter and immunity proteins, as well as a putative bacteriocin gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arxel G Elnar
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Geun-Bae Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
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25
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Jenkins MC, Parker C, O'Brien C, Camp MJ, Vinyard BT, Heeder C, Proszkowiec-Weglarz M. Metagenomic Analysis of 16S Clostridium perfringens Amplicons Corroborates C. perfringens Counts on Select Agar and C. perfringens PCR Analyses of Bacteria in Broiler Farm Litter. Avian Dis 2021; 65:554-558. [DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-21-00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark C. Jenkins
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Carolyn Parker
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Celia O'Brien
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Mary J. Camp
- Statistics Group, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Bryan T. Vinyard
- Statistics Group, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | | | - Monika Proszkowiec-Weglarz
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705
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Supplemental Bacillus subtilis PB6 Improves Growth Performance and Gut Health in Broilers Challenged with Clostridium perfringens. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:2549541. [PMID: 34746321 PMCID: PMC8566084 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2549541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens (CP) is the principal pathogenic bacterium of chicken necrotic enteritis (NE), which causes substantial economic losses in poultry worldwide. Although probiotics are known to provide multiple benefits, little is known about the potential effects of Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) application in preventing CP-induced necrotic enteritis. In this study, 450 male Arbor Acres broilers were divided into 5 experimental treatments: A: basal diet (control group); B: basal diet and CP challenge (model group); C: CP challenge+10 mg/kg enramycin (positive control group); D: CP challenge+4 × 107 CFU/kg of feed B. subtilis PB6 (PB6 low-dosage group); and E: CP challenge+6 × 107 CFU/kg of feed B. subtilis PB6 (PB6 high-dosage group). There were 6 replicate pens per treatment with 15 broilers per pen. The present research examined the effect of Bacillus subtilis PB6 (B. subtilis PB6) on growth performance, mRNA expression of intestinal cytokines and tight junctions, and gut flora composition in broilers challenged with CP. The entire experiment was divided into two phases: the non-CP challenge phase (d0–18) and the CP challenge phase (d18–26). PB6 did not increase the growth performance during the first stage, but the PB6 high-dosage group was found to have larger body weight gain and ADFI during the CP challenge stage. Feed supplementation with PB6 reduced the lesion score of challenged chicks, with increased tight junction-related gene expression (occludin and ZO-1) and decreased TNF-α expression compared with CP-infected birds. A decrease in the abundance of Clostridium XI, Streptococcus, and Staphylococcus was observed after CP infection (P < 0.05), while supplementation with PB6 restored the ileal microbial composition. In conclusion, administration of B. subtilis PB6 improved growth performance, enhanced intestinal barrier function, and mitigated intestinal inflammation/lesions, which might be due to its restoring effects on the ileal microbial composition in CP-challenged broilers.
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Wang Y, Xu Y, Xu S, Yang J, Wang K, Zhan X. Bacillus subtilis DSM29784 Alleviates Negative Effects on Growth Performance in Broilers by Improving the Intestinal Health Under Necrotic Enteritis Challenge. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:723187. [PMID: 34603247 PMCID: PMC8481782 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.723187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Along with banning antibiotics, necrotic enteritis (NE), especially subclinical enteritis (SNE), poses a significant threat to the chicken industry; however, probiotics are a potentially promising intervention. We aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of Bacillus subtilis DSM29784 (BS) on the treatment of Clostridium perfringens (CP)-induced SNE in broilers. A total of 360 1-day-old broiler chicks were divided into three treatment groups, namely control (Ctr), SNE, and BS treatment (BST) groups, all of which were fed with a basal died for 21days, and then from day 22 onward, only the BST group had a BS supplemented diet (1×109 colony-forming units BS/kg). On day 15, all chicks, except the Ctr group, were challenged with a 20-fold dose coccidiosis vaccine and 1ml CP (2×108) on days 18–21 for SNE induction. Beneficial effects were observed on growth performance in BST compared to SNE broilers. BST treatment alleviated intestinal lesions and increased the villus height/crypt depth ratio. Further, BST broilers showed increased maltase activity in the duodenum compared with SNE chicks, and a significantly decreased caspase-3 protein expression in the jejunum mucosa. Moreover, an increased abundance of Ruminococcaceae and Bifidobacterium beneficial gut bacteria and an altered gut metabolome were observed. Taken together, we demonstrate that the manipulation of microbial gut composition using probiotics may be a promising prevention strategy for SNE by improving the composition and metabolism of the intestinal microbiota, intestinal structure, and reducing inflammation and apoptosis. Hence, BS potentially has active ingredients that may be used as antibiotic substitutes and effectively reduces the economic losses caused by SNE. The findings of this study provide a scientific foundation for BS application in broiler feed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yibin Xu
- Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengliang Xu
- Haiyan Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau, Haiyan, China
| | - Jinyong Yang
- Zhejiang Animal Husbandry Technology Extension and Livestock and Poultry Monitoring Station, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaiying Wang
- Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuan Zhan
- Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Yang Q, Whitmore MA, Robinson K, Lyu W, Zhang G. Butyrate, Forskolin, and Lactose Synergistically Enhance Disease Resistance by Inducing the Expression of the Genes Involved in Innate Host Defense and Barrier Function. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10101175. [PMID: 34680756 PMCID: PMC8532606 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10101175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising concern of antimicrobial resistance highlights a need for effective alternatives to antibiotics for livestock production. Butyrate, forskolin, and lactose are three natural products known to induce the synthesis of host defense peptides (HDP), which are a critical component of innate immunity. In this study, the synergy among butyrate, forskolin, and lactose in enhancing innate host defense, barrier function, and resistance to necrotic enteritis and coccidiosis was investigated. Our results indicated that the three compounds synergistically augmented the expressions of multiple HDP and barrier function genes in chicken HD11 macrophages. The compounds also showed an obvious synergy in promoting HDP gene expressions in chicken jejunal explants. Dietary supplementation of a combination of 1 g/kg sodium butyrate, 10 mg/kg forskolin-containing plant extract, and 10 g/kg lactose dramatically improved the survival of chickens from 39% to 94% (p < 0.001) in a co-infection model of necrotic enteritis. Furthermore, the three compounds largely reversed growth suppression, significantly alleviated intestinal lesions, and reduced colonization of Clostridium perfringens or Eimeria maxima in chickens with necrotic enteritis and coccidiosis (p < 0.01). Collectively, dietary supplementation of butyrate, forskolin, and lactose is a promising antibiotic alternative approach to disease control and prevention for poultry and possibly other livestock species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yang
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (Q.Y.); (M.A.W.); (K.R.); (W.L.)
| | - Melanie A. Whitmore
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (Q.Y.); (M.A.W.); (K.R.); (W.L.)
| | - Kelsy Robinson
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (Q.Y.); (M.A.W.); (K.R.); (W.L.)
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, USDA–Agricultural Research Service, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Wentao Lyu
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (Q.Y.); (M.A.W.); (K.R.); (W.L.)
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Guolong Zhang
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (Q.Y.); (M.A.W.); (K.R.); (W.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-405-744-8867
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Lee JS, Park SW, Lee HB, Kang SS. Bacteriocin-Like Inhibitory Substance (BLIS) Activity of Enterococcus faecium DB1 Against Biofilm Formation by Clostridium perfringens. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:1452-1457. [PMID: 34173207 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09813-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The antibiofilm effect of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance (BLIS) from Enterococcus faecium DB1 against Clostridium perfringens was investigated in the present study. BLIS of E. faecium DB1 significantly reduced biofilm formation by C. perfringens in a dose-dependent manner for 24 and 48 h. In particular, treatment with BLIS of E. faecium DB1 significantly inhibited biofilm formation by C. perfringens on chicken meat and stainless steel coupon surfaces. Moreover, BLIS of E. faecium DB1 decreased the viability of C. perfringens biofilm and planktonic cells, indicating that the reduction of biofilm formation by C. perfringens might be achieved by killing the bacterial cells. Taken together, the present results suggest that BLIS of E. faecium DB1 can be a promising antibiofilm agent to eradicate C. perfringens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Soo Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Woo Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Bin Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Seong Kang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Coles ME, Forga AJ, Señas-Cuesta R, Graham BD, Selby CM, Uribe ÁJ, Martínez BC, Angel-Isaza JA, Vuong CN, Hernandez-Velasco X, Hargis BM, Tellez-Isaias G. Assessment of Lippia origanoides Essential Oils in a Salmonella typhimurium, Eimeria maxima, and Clostridium perfringens Challenge Model to Induce Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1111. [PMID: 33924404 PMCID: PMC8069271 DOI: 10.3390/ani11041111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present research was to evaluate dietary supplementation of essential oils from Lippia origanoides (LEO) on necrotic enteritis (NE). Chickens were randomly assigned to three groups. Group 1: negative control; Group 2: positive control challenged with Salmonella typhimurium (day 1), Eimeria maxima (day 18), and C. perfringens (CP, days 22-23); Group 3: dietary supplementation LEO and challenged. On d 25 of age, serum samples were collected to evaluate fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-d), superoxide dismutase (SOD), gamma interferon (IFN-γ), Immunoglobulin A (IgA). Group 3 showed a significant reduction of the harmful effects of induced infection/dysbiosis and a significant reduction in NE lesion scores, morbidity and mortality compared with the positive challenge control group (p < 0.05) compared with Group 2. Digested feed supernatant, supplemented with LEO and inoculated with CP, reduced CP burden (p < 0.05). Group 3 also exhibited a significant reduction in FITC-d, IFN-γ and IgA compared with Group 2. However, a significant increase SOD was observed in Group 3 compared with both control groups. Further investigation to compare the effect of LEO and the standard treatment of clostridial NE is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makenly E. Coles
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (M.E.C.); (A.J.F.); (R.S.-C.); (B.D.G.); (C.M.S.); (C.N.V.); (B.M.H.)
| | - Aaron J. Forga
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (M.E.C.); (A.J.F.); (R.S.-C.); (B.D.G.); (C.M.S.); (C.N.V.); (B.M.H.)
| | - Roberto Señas-Cuesta
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (M.E.C.); (A.J.F.); (R.S.-C.); (B.D.G.); (C.M.S.); (C.N.V.); (B.M.H.)
| | - Brittany D. Graham
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (M.E.C.); (A.J.F.); (R.S.-C.); (B.D.G.); (C.M.S.); (C.N.V.); (B.M.H.)
| | - Callie M. Selby
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (M.E.C.); (A.J.F.); (R.S.-C.); (B.D.G.); (C.M.S.); (C.N.V.); (B.M.H.)
| | - Álvaro J. Uribe
- Promitec S.A., Bucaramanga, Santander 680001, Colombia; (Á.J.U.); (B.C.M.); (J.A.A.-I.)
| | - Blanca C. Martínez
- Promitec S.A., Bucaramanga, Santander 680001, Colombia; (Á.J.U.); (B.C.M.); (J.A.A.-I.)
| | - Jaime A. Angel-Isaza
- Promitec S.A., Bucaramanga, Santander 680001, Colombia; (Á.J.U.); (B.C.M.); (J.A.A.-I.)
| | - Christine N. Vuong
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (M.E.C.); (A.J.F.); (R.S.-C.); (B.D.G.); (C.M.S.); (C.N.V.); (B.M.H.)
| | - Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves, FMVZ, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City 4510, Mexico;
| | - Billy M. Hargis
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (M.E.C.); (A.J.F.); (R.S.-C.); (B.D.G.); (C.M.S.); (C.N.V.); (B.M.H.)
| | - Guillermo Tellez-Isaias
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (M.E.C.); (A.J.F.); (R.S.-C.); (B.D.G.); (C.M.S.); (C.N.V.); (B.M.H.)
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31
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Jesudhasan PR, Bhatia SS, Sivakumar KK, Praveen C, Genovese KJ, He HL, Droleskey R, McReynolds JL, Byrd JA, Swaggerty CL, Kogut MH, Nisbet DJ, Pillai SD. Controlling the Colonization of Clostridium perfringens in Broiler Chickens by an Electron-Beam-Killed Vaccine. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:671. [PMID: 33802503 PMCID: PMC7998924 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens (Cp) is a Gram-positive anaerobe that is one of the causative agents of necrotic enteritis (NE) in chickens, which leads to high mortality. Owing to the ban of administering antibiotics in feed to chickens, there has been an increase in the number of NE outbreaks all over the world, and the estimated loss is approximately 6 billion U.S. dollars. The best alternative method to control NE without antibiotics could be vaccination. In this study, we exposed three different strains of Cp to electron beam (eBeam) irradiation to inactivate them and then used them as a killed vaccine to control the colonization of Cp in broiler chickens. The vaccine was delivered to 18-day old embryos in ovo and the chickens were challenged with the respective vaccine strain at two different time points (early and late) to test the protective efficacy of the vaccine. The results indicate that an effective eBeam dose of 10 kGy inactivated all three strains of Cp, did not affect the cell membrane or epitopes, induced significant levels of IgY in the vaccinated birds, and further reduced the colonization of Cp strains significantly (p < 0.0001) in late challenge (JGS4064: 4 out of 10; JGS1473: 0 out of 10; JGS4104: 3 out of 10). Further studies are necessary to enhance the efficacy of the vaccine and to understand the mechanism of vaccine protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palmy R. Jesudhasan
- Poultry Production and Product Safety, USDA-ARS, 1260 W Maple St., O-306 POSC Building, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - Sohini S. Bhatia
- National Center for Electron Beam Research, An IAEA Collaborating Centre for Electron Beam Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (S.S.B.); (K.K.S.); (C.P.)
| | - Kirthiram K. Sivakumar
- National Center for Electron Beam Research, An IAEA Collaborating Centre for Electron Beam Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (S.S.B.); (K.K.S.); (C.P.)
| | - Chandni Praveen
- National Center for Electron Beam Research, An IAEA Collaborating Centre for Electron Beam Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (S.S.B.); (K.K.S.); (C.P.)
| | - Kenneth J. Genovese
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 2881 F and B Rd, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (K.J.G.); (H.L.H.); (R.D.); (J.A.B.); (C.L.S.); (M.H.K.); (D.J.N.)
| | - Haiqi L. He
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 2881 F and B Rd, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (K.J.G.); (H.L.H.); (R.D.); (J.A.B.); (C.L.S.); (M.H.K.); (D.J.N.)
| | - Robert Droleskey
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 2881 F and B Rd, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (K.J.G.); (H.L.H.); (R.D.); (J.A.B.); (C.L.S.); (M.H.K.); (D.J.N.)
| | - Jack L. McReynolds
- Arm & Hammer Animal and Food Production, Church & Dwight Co. Inc., 6935 Vista Drive, West Des Moines, IA 50266, USA;
| | - James A. Byrd
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 2881 F and B Rd, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (K.J.G.); (H.L.H.); (R.D.); (J.A.B.); (C.L.S.); (M.H.K.); (D.J.N.)
| | - Christina L. Swaggerty
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 2881 F and B Rd, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (K.J.G.); (H.L.H.); (R.D.); (J.A.B.); (C.L.S.); (M.H.K.); (D.J.N.)
| | - Michael H. Kogut
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 2881 F and B Rd, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (K.J.G.); (H.L.H.); (R.D.); (J.A.B.); (C.L.S.); (M.H.K.); (D.J.N.)
| | - David J. Nisbet
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 2881 F and B Rd, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (K.J.G.); (H.L.H.); (R.D.); (J.A.B.); (C.L.S.); (M.H.K.); (D.J.N.)
| | - Suresh D. Pillai
- National Center for Electron Beam Research, An IAEA Collaborating Centre for Electron Beam Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (S.S.B.); (K.K.S.); (C.P.)
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Gong L, Wang B, Zhou Y, Tang L, Zeng Z, Zhang H, Li W. Protective Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum 16 and Paenibacillus polymyxa 10 Against Clostridium perfringens Infection in Broilers. Front Immunol 2021; 11:628374. [PMID: 33679724 PMCID: PMC7930238 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.628374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Lactobacillus plantarum 16 (Lac16) and Paenibacillus polymyxa 10 (BSC10) against Clostridium perfringens (Cp) infection in broilers. A total of 720 one-day-old chicks were randomly divided into four groups. The control and Cp group were only fed a basal diet, while the two treatment groups received basal diets supplemented with Lac16 (1 × 108 cfu·kg-1) and BSC10 (1 × 108 cfu·kg-1) for 21 days, respectively. On day 1 and days 14 to 20, birds except those in the control group were challenged with 1 × 108 cfu C. perfringens type A strain once a day. The results showed that both Lac16 and BSC10 could ameliorate intestinal structure damage caused by C. perfringens infection. C. perfringens infection induced apoptosis by increasing the expression of Bax and p53 and decreasing Bcl-2 expression and inflammation evidence by higher levels of IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-1β, iNOS, and IL-10 in the ileum mucosa, and NO production in jejunal mucosa, which was reversed by Lac16 and BSC10 treatment except for IL-1β (P < 0.05). Besides, the two probiotics restored the intestinal microbiota imbalance induced by C. perfringens infection, characterized by the reduced Firmicutes and Proteobacteria and the increased Bacteroidetes at the phyla level and decreased Bacteroides fragilis and Gallibacterium anatis at the genus level. The two probiotics also reversed metabolic pathways of the microbiota in C. perfringens-infected broilers, including B-vitamin biosynthesis, peptidoglycan biosynthesis, and pyruvate fermentation to acetate and lactate II pathway. In conclusion, Lac16 and BSC10 can effectively protect broilers against C. perfringens infection through improved composition and metabolic pathways of the intestinal microbiota, intestinal structure, inflammation, and anti-apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Baikui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanhao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zihan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huihua Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Weifen Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Surai PF, Kochish II, Kidd MT. Redox Homeostasis in Poultry: Regulatory Roles of NF-κB. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:186. [PMID: 33525511 PMCID: PMC7912633 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox biology is a very quickly developing area of modern biological sciences, and roles of redox homeostasis in health and disease have recently received tremendous attention. There are a range of redox pairs in the cells/tissues responsible for redox homeostasis maintenance/regulation. In general, all redox elements are interconnected and regulated by various means, including antioxidant and vitagene networks. The redox status is responsible for maintenance of cell signaling and cell stress adaptation. Physiological roles of redox homeostasis maintenance in avian species, including poultry, have received limited attention and are poorly characterized. However, for the last 5 years, this topic attracted much attention, and a range of publications covered some related aspects. In fact, transcription factor Nrf2 was shown to be a master regulator of antioxidant defenses via activation of various vitagenes and other protective molecules to maintain redox homeostasis in cells/tissues. It was shown that Nrf2 is closely related to another transcription factor, namely, NF-κB, responsible for control of inflammation; however, its roles in poultry have not yet been characterized. Therefore, the aim of this review is to describe a current view on NF-κB functioning in poultry with a specific emphasis to its nutritional modulation under various stress conditions. In particular, on the one hand, it has been shown that, in many stress conditions in poultry, NF-κB activation can lead to increased synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines leading to systemic inflammation. On the other hand, there are a range of nutrients/supplements that can downregulate NF-κB and decrease the negative consequences of stress-related disturbances in redox homeostasis. In general, vitagene-NF-κB interactions in relation to redox balance homeostasis, immunity, and gut health in poultry production await further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter F. Surai
- Department of Biochemistry, Vitagene and Health Research Centre, Bristol BS4 2RS, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Poultry Sciences, Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology named after K. I. Skryabin, 109472 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Saint-Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Medicine, 196084 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent Istvan University, H-2103 Gödöllo, Hungary
| | - Ivan I. Kochish
- Department of Hygiene and Poultry Sciences, Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology named after K. I. Skryabin, 109472 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Michael T. Kidd
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
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