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Sun M, Cao Y, Cheng J, Xu D, Li F, Wang J, Ge Y, Liu Y, Long X, Guo W, Liu J, Fu S. Stigmasterol Activates the mTOR Signaling Pathway by Inhibiting ORP5 Ubiquitination to Promote Milk Synthesis in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:14769-14785. [PMID: 38912664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Stigmasterol (ST), a phytosterol found in food, has various biological activities. However, the effect of ST on milk synthesis in dairy cows remains unclear. Therefore, bovine primary mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) were isolated, cultured, and treated with ST to determine the effect of ST on milk synthesis. The study revealed that 10 μM ST significantly increased milk synthesis in BMECs by activating the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Further investigation revealed that this activation depends on the regulatory role of oxysterol binding protein 5 (ORP5). ST induces the translocation of ORP5 from the cytoplasm to the lysosome, interacts with the mTOR, recruits mTOR to target the lysosomal surface, and promotes the activation of the mTOR signaling pathway. Moreover, ST was found to increase ORP5 protein levels by inhibiting its degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Specifically, the E3 ubiquitin ligase membrane-associated cycle-CH-type finger 4 (MARCH4) promotes the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of ORP5. ST mitigates the interaction between MARCH4 and ORP5, thereby enhancing the structural stability of ORP5 and reducing its ubiquitination. In summary, ST stabilizes ORP5 by inhibiting the interaction between MARCH4 and ORP5, thereby activating mTOR signaling pathway and enhancing milk synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yu Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Ji Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Dianwen Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yusong Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yuhao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xiaoyu Long
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Wenjin Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Juxiong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Shoupeng Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
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Wu R, Ji P, Hua Y, Li H, Zhang W, Wei Y. Research progress in isolation and identification of rumen probiotics. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1411482. [PMID: 38836057 PMCID: PMC11148321 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1411482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
With the increasing research on the exploitation of rumen microbial resources, rumen probiotics have attracted much attention for their positive contributions in promoting nutrient digestion, inhibiting pathogenic bacteria, and improving production performance. In the past two decades, macrogenomics has provided a rich source of new-generation probiotic candidates, but most of these "dark substances" have not been successfully cultured due to the restrictive growth conditions. However, fueled by high-throughput culture and sorting technologies, it is expected that the potential probiotics in the rumen can be exploited on a large scale, and their potential applications in medicine and agriculture can be explored. In this paper, we review and summarize the classical techniques for isolation and identification of rumen probiotics, introduce the development of droplet-based high-throughput cell culture and single-cell sequencing for microbial culture and identification, and finally introduce promising cultureomics techniques. The aim is to provide technical references for the development of related technologies and microbiological research to promote the further development of the field of rumen microbiology research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peng Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | | | | | | | - Yanming Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Asmarasari SA, Azizah N, Sutikno S, Puastuti W, Amir A, Praharani L, Rusdiana S, Hidayat C, Hafid A, Kusumaningrum DA, Saputra F, Talib C, Herliatika A, Shiddieqy MI, Hayanti SY. A review of dairy cattle heat stress mitigation in Indonesia. Vet World 2023; 16:1098-1108. [PMID: 37576750 PMCID: PMC10420724 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1098-1108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Indonesia is a tropical country with a hot climate. In tropical nations such as Indonesia, heat stress is a key reason for the reduced productivity of dairy cattle. Heat stress is a combination of internal and external stimuli that affects an animal, raises its body temperature, and causes it to react physiologically. Most Indonesian dairy cattle are Friesian Holstein (FH), imported from European nations with a temperate environment with low temperatures in the range of 5°C-25°C. Indonesia has a tropical climate with a high ambient temperature that can reach 34°C during the day and the local relative humidity varies between 70% and 90%. Temperature and humidity are two microenvironment factors that may impact the production and heat release in FH cattle. More than 98% of the entire dairy cattle population in Indonesia is found on Java Island. On Java Island, there are between 534.22 and 543.55 thousand heads of cattle, while the dairy cattle population outside Java Island is just 6.59 thousand heads of cattle. The milk output climbs by an average of 3.34% per year, or approximately 909.64 thousand tons and the average annual growth in whole milk consumption was 0.19 L/capita. Indonesian cow milk output has been unable to keep pace with the country's increasing demand. This study aimed to review the strategies to mitigate heat stress in FH dairy cattle in Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiananda Arta Asmarasari
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Cibinong Science Center, Jalan Raya Jakarta – Bogor, Cibinong, Bogor 16915, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Nurul Azizah
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Cibinong Science Center, Jalan Raya Jakarta – Bogor, Cibinong, Bogor 16915, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Sutikno Sutikno
- Research Center for Applied Zoology, Research Organization for Life Science and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, 16911, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Wisri Puastuti
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Cibinong Science Center, Jalan Raya Jakarta – Bogor, Cibinong, Bogor 16915, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Azhar Amir
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Cibinong Science Center, Jalan Raya Jakarta – Bogor, Cibinong, Bogor 16915, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Lisa Praharani
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Cibinong Science Center, Jalan Raya Jakarta – Bogor, Cibinong, Bogor 16915, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Supardi Rusdiana
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Cibinong Science Center, Jalan Raya Jakarta – Bogor, Cibinong, Bogor 16915, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Cecep Hidayat
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Cibinong Science Center, Jalan Raya Jakarta – Bogor, Cibinong, Bogor 16915, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Anita Hafid
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Cibinong Science Center, Jalan Raya Jakarta – Bogor, Cibinong, Bogor 16915, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Diana Andrianita Kusumaningrum
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Cibinong Science Center, Jalan Raya Jakarta – Bogor, Cibinong, Bogor 16915, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Ferdy Saputra
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Cibinong Science Center, Jalan Raya Jakarta – Bogor, Cibinong, Bogor 16915, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Chalid Talib
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Cibinong Science Center, Jalan Raya Jakarta – Bogor, Cibinong, Bogor 16915, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Agustin Herliatika
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Cibinong Science Center, Jalan Raya Jakarta – Bogor, Cibinong, Bogor 16915, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Mohammad Ikhsan Shiddieqy
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Cibinong Science Center, Jalan Raya Jakarta – Bogor, Cibinong, Bogor 16915, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Sari Yanti Hayanti
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Cibinong Science Center, Jalan Raya Jakarta – Bogor, Cibinong, Bogor 16915, West Java, Indonesia
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Effects of Heat Stress in Dairy Cows Raised in the Confined System: A Scientometric Review. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030350. [PMID: 36766240 PMCID: PMC9913584 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to climate change, heat stress is a growing problem for the dairy industry. Based on this, annual economic losses in the dairy sector are verified mainly on a large scale. Despite several publications on thermal stress in lactating dairy cows in confinement systems, there need to be published reviews addressing this issue systematically. Our objective was to scientometrically analyze the effects of heat stress in dairy cows managed in a confinement system. Based on PRISMA guidelines, research articles were identified, screened, and summarized based on inclusion criteria for heat stress in a confinement system. Data was obtained from the Web of Science. A total of 604 scientific articles published between 2000 and April 2022 were considered. Data was then analyzed using Microsoft Excel and CiteSpace. The results pointed to a significant increase in studies on heat stress in lactating cows housed in confinement systems. The main research areas were Agriculture, Dairy Animal Science and Veterinary Sciences. The USA showed the highest concentration of studies (31.12%), followed by China (14.90%). Emerging themes included heat stress and behavior. The most influential journals were the Journal of Dairy Science and the Journal of Animal Science. The top authors were L. H. Baumgard and R. J. Collier. The leading institutions were the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, followed by the State University System of Florida and the University of Florida. The study maps the significant research domains on heat stress of lactating cows in confinement systems, discusses implications and explanations and highlights emerging trends.
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Zhao S, Shan C, Wu Z, Feng M, Song L, Wang Y, Gao Y, Guo J, Sun X. Fermented Chinese herbal preparation: Impacts on milk production, nutrient digestibility, blood biochemistry, and antioxidant capacity of late-lactation cows under heat stress. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Yang L, Zhang L, Zhang P, Zhou Y, Huang X, Yan Q, Tan Z, Tang S, Wan F. Alterations in nutrient digestibility and performance of heat-stressed dairy cows by dietary L-theanine supplementation. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2022; 11:350-358. [PMID: 36329682 PMCID: PMC9618971 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary L-theanine supplementation on apparent nutrient digestibility, milk yield, milk composition, and blood biochemical indices of dairy cows under heat stress. Thirty Chinese Holstein cows (19.84 ± 2.42 kg milk/d, 192.36 ± 40.77 d in milk and 2 ± 0.93 parities) were divided into 3 groups of 10 animals each. The control group was fed a basal total mixed ration (TMR) diet, while treatment 1 (LTA16) and treatment 2 (LTA32) groups were fed a basal TMR diet supplemented with L-theanine at 16 and 32 g/cow per day, respectively. The results showed that feeding the dairy cows with LTA16 treatment decreased (P < 0.05) their rectal temperature, whereas feeding with LTA32 treatment decreased (P < 0.05) their rumen fluid ammonia nitrogen content. In comparison to the control group, the supplementation of L-theanine had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on the dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility, total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) concentration and molar proportion of volatile fatty acid, milk yield, milk composition, feed efficiency and antioxidant capacity of the dairy cows. The triglyceride (TG) content of the LTA32 group was significantly greater (P = 0.014) than that of the control group. With the increase in L-theanine dosage, the serum cholesterol (CHOL) content significantly increased (P = 0.013). The serum albumin (ALB; P = 0.067), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C; P = 0.053), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; P = 0.067) contents showed an upward trend as L-theanine dosage increased. Ultimately, the results of this study show that supplementing dairy cow diet with L-theanine could decrease dairy cow rectal temperature, affect lipid metabolism, and potentially relieve the heat stress of dairy cows to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyuan Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Lingmei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Peihua Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Yuli Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Xingguo Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Qiongxian Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Physiology and Metabolism, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Zhiliang Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Physiology and Metabolism, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Shaoxun Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Physiology and Metabolism, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Fachun Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Disease Prevention and Breeding, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China
- Corresponding authors.
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Czech B, Szyda J, Wang K, Luo H, Wang Y. Fecal microbiota and their association with heat stress in Bos taurus. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:171. [PMID: 35790909 PMCID: PMC9254560 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02576-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Humans have been influencing climate changes by burning fossil fuels, farming livestock, and cutting down rainforests, which has led to global temperature rise. This problem of global warming affects animals by causing heat stress, which negatively affects their health, biological functions, and reproduction. On the molecular level, it has been proved that heat stress changes the expression level of genes and therefore causes changes in proteome and metabolome. The importance of a microbiome in many studies showed that it is considered as individuals’ “second genome”. Physiological changes caused by heat stress may impact the microbiome composition. Results In this study, we identified fecal microbiota associated with heat stress that was quantified by three metrics – rectal temperature, drooling, and respiratory scores represented by their Estimated Breeding Values. We analyzed the microbiota from 136 fecal samples of Chinese Holstein cows through a 16S rRNA gene sequencing approach. Statistical modeling was performed using a negative binomial regression. The analysis revealed the total number of 24 genera and 12 phyla associated with heat stress metrics. Rhizobium and Pseudobutyrivibrio turned out to be the most significant genera, while Acidobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes were the most significant phyla. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that three heat stress indicators quantify different metabolic ways of animals’ reaction to heat stress. Other studies already identified that those genera had significantly increased abundance in mice exposed to stressor-induced changes. Conclusions This study provides insights into the analysis of microbiome composition in cattle using heat stress measured as a continuous variable. The bacteria highly associated with heat stress were highlighted and can be used as biomarkers in further microbiological studies.
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Du D, Feng L, Chen P, Jiang W, Zhang Y, Liu W, Zhai R, Hu Z. Effects of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Cultures on Performance and Immune Performance of Dairy Cows During Heat Stress. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:851184. [PMID: 35300221 PMCID: PMC8921483 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.851184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The dairy farming industry is facing massive economic losses as heat stress continues to rise. The purpose of this study was to see how feeding Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture (SC) influences productive performance, lactation performance, serum biochemical indexes, hormonal level, antioxidant capacity, and immune function in mid-lactating cows during heat stress. Forty-five healthy mid-lactation dairy cows with comparable milk yield, lactation days, and parity were randomly divided into 3 groups (15 cows in each group). The control group (CON) was fed the basal diet, while the treatment groups were fed the basal diet + first Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture 100 g/d (SC-1) and the basal diet + second Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture 30 g/d (SC-2), respectively. The SC-1 and SC-2 groups with SC added in the treatment groups reduced rectal temperature and respiratory rate in heat-stressed cows (P < 0.05). The milk yield of SC-1 and SC-2 treatment groups was significantly higher than that of CON (P < 0.05). Except for somatic cell count, which was significantly lower in SC-1 and SC-2 than in CON (P < 0.05), there were no significant differences in the milk components. The addition of SC: (i) increased serum urea levels (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in glucose, total cholesterol, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, total protein, albumin and alkaline phosphatase levels (P > 0.05); (ii) increased serum levels of immunoglobulin-A, immunoglobulin-G, immunoglobulin M, interleukin-4, interleukin-10 and heat shock protein-70 (P < 0.05), while decreasing serum levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, interleukin-2, interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α (P < 0.05); (iii) increased total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in serum (P < 0.05), while decreasing malondialdehyde; (iv) increased serum levels of glucocorticoids, insulin, cortisol and prolactin (P < 0.05), while decreasing the serum levels of triiodothyronine and thyroxine (P < 0.05). In conclusion, under the current experimental conditions, the addition of SC can reduce rectal temperature and respiratory rate in heat-stressed mid-lactation cows, reduce the number of somatic cells in milk and improve the mid-lactation cow performance. In addition, SC addition to the diet can raise serum urea levels, regulate serum hormone levels, boost antioxidant capacity in mid-lactation cows, and boost overall immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewei Du
- Ruminant Nutrition and Physiology Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Ruminant Nutrition and Physiology Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Beijing Enhalor International Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Wenbo Jiang
- Ruminant Nutrition and Physiology Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Ruminant Nutrition and Physiology Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Ruminant Nutrition and Physiology Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Ruina Zhai
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
- *Correspondence: Ruina Zhai
| | - Zhiyong Hu
- Ruminant Nutrition and Physiology Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- Zhiyong Hu
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Liang H, Ge X, Xia D, Ren M, Mi H, Pan L. The role of dietary chromium supplementation in relieving heat stress of juvenile blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 120:23-30. [PMID: 34774732 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study assessed the role of dietary chromium (Cr) supplementation in relieving heat stress (HS) of juvenile blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala. The supplemented Cr contents by chromium picolinate (Cr-Pic) was 0 mg/kg (control group), 0.4 mg/kg, 1.6 mg/kg and 12.0 mg/kg, respectively. The fish continued to be fed four diets at suitable temperatures (26 °C) for 2 weeks, and then the temperature was then heated up to 33 °C through thermo-regulated system. The results showed that Cr supplementation had no significant effect on the immune indices and antioxidant indices before HS (P > 0.05). However, Cr supplementation played an important role in relieving HS. After HS, compared with the control group, 1.6 mg/kg and 12.0 mg/kg Cr supplementation groups significantly lowered the plasma glucose level and aspartate transaminase (AST) activity (P < 0.05), and 0.4 mg/kg and 1.6 mg/kg Cr supplementation groups significantly lowered alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity (P < 0.05). 0.4 mg/kg and 1.6 mg/kg supplementation groups significantly improved hepatic total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity (P < 0.05). Furthermore, 0.4mg/kg-12.0 mg/kg Cr supplementation groups significantly improved the activities of hepatic glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) and lowered hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) level in liver (P < 0.05). The mRNA levels of hepatic copper zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD), CAT and GPx were significantly improved in 0.4mg/kg-12.0 mg/kg supplementation Cr groups (P < 0.05), however, there was no significant variation of hepatic manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) mRNA levels under different levels of supplementation (P > 0.05). Significantly lower mRNA levels of hepatic pro-inflammatory cytokines observed in 0.4mg/kg-12.0 mg/kg Cr supplementation groups including tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and interleukin 8 (IL-8) (P < 0.05), and 0.4mg/kg-12.0 mg/kg Cr supplementation significantly improved the relative expressions of hepatic heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) (P < 0.05). The present study indicated that dietary Cr supplementation might have no significant effect on immune capacity and antioxidant capacity under normal physiological conditions, whereas it played an important role in relieving HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualiang Liang
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Xianping Ge
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Dong Xia
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Mingchun Ren
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, 214081, China.
| | - Haifeng Mi
- Tongwei Co., Ltd., Healthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610093, China.
| | - Liangkun Pan
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, 214081, China
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