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Hao L, Jiang F, Wang Y, Wang H, Hu H, You W, Hu X, Cheng H, Wang C, Song E. Formic acid enhances whole-plant mulberry silage fermentation by boosting lactic acid production and inhibiting harmful bacteria. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1399907. [PMID: 38915298 PMCID: PMC11194324 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1399907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Mulberry has also been regarded as a valuable source of forage for ruminants. This study was developed to investigate the impact of four additives and combinations thereof on fermentation quality and bacterial communities associated with whole-plant mulberry silage. Control fresh material (FM) was left untreated, while other groups were treated with glucose (G, 20 g/kg FM), a mixture of Lactobacillus plantarum and L. buchneri (L, 106 CFU/g FM), formic acid (A, 5 mL/kg FM), salts including sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate (S, 1.5 g/kg FM), a combination of G and L (GL), a combination of G and A (GA), or a combination of G and S (GS), followed by ensiling for 90 days. Dry matter content in the A, S, GA, and GS groups was elevated relative to the other groups (p < 0.01). Relative to the C group, all additives and combinations thereof were associated with reductions in pH and NH3-N content (p < 0.01). The A groups exhibited the lowest pH and NH3-N content at 4.23 and 3.27 g/kg DM, respectively (p < 0.01), whereas the C groups demonstrated the highest values at 4.43 and 4.44 g/kg DM, respectively (p < 0.01). The highest levels of lactic acid were observed in the GA and A groups (70.99 and 69.14 g/kg DM, respectively; p < 0.01), followed by the GL, L, and GS groups (66.88, 64.17 and 63.68 g/kg DM, respectively), with all of these values being higher than those for the C group (53.27 g/kg DM; p < 0.01). Lactobacillus were the predominant bacteria associated with each of these samples, but the overall composition of the bacterial community was significantly impacted by different additives. For example, Lactobacillus levels were higher in the G, A, and GA groups (p < 0.01), while those of Weissella levels were raised in the L, GL, and GS groups (p < 0.01), Pediococcus levels were higher in the A and GA groups (p < 0.01), Enterococcus levels were higher in the G and S groups (p < 0.01), and Lactococcus levels were raised in the S group (p < 0.01). Relative to the C group, a reduction in the levels of undesirable Enterobacter was evident in all groups treated with additives (p < 0.01), with the greatest reductions being evident in the A, S, GA, and GS groups. The additives utilized in this study can thus improve the quality of whole-plant mulberry silage to varying extents through the modification of the associated bacterial community, with A and GA addition achieving the most efficient reductions in pH together with increases in lactic acid content and the suppression of undesirable bacterial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Hao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan, China
| | - Fugui Jiang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan, China
| | - Huaizhong Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan, China
| | - Hongmei Hu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan, China
| | - Wei You
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan, China
| | - Haijian Cheng
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan, China
| | - Enliang Song
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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Yin H, Zhao M, Yang R, Sun J, Yu Z, Bai C, Xue Y. Effect of Regulation of Whole-Plant Corn Silage Inoculated with Lactobacillus buchneri or Bacillus licheniformis Regarding the Dynamics of Bacterial and Fungal Communities on Aerobic Stability. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1471. [PMID: 38891280 PMCID: PMC11174963 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Enhancing the aerobic stability of whole-plant corn silage is essential for producing high-quality silage. Our research assessed the effect of inoculation with Lactobacillus buchneri or Bacillus licheniformis and its modulation of the bacterial and fungal microbial community structure in an aerobic stage of whole-plant corn silage. Following treatment with a distilled sterile water control, Lactobacillus buchneri, and Bacillus licheniformis (2 × 105 cfu/g), whole-plant corn was ensiled for 60 days. Samples were taken on days 0, 3, and 7 of aerobic exposure, and the results showed that inoculation with Lactobacillus buchneri or Bacillus licheniformis improved the aerobic stability of silage when compared to the effect of the control (p < 0.05). Inoculation with Bacillus licheniformis attenuated the increase in pH value and the decrease in lactic acid in the aerobic stage (p < 0.05), reducing the filamentous fungal counts. On the other hand, inoculation with Lactobacillus buchneri or Bacillus licheniformis increased the diversity of the fungal communities (p < 0.05), complicating the correlation between bacteria or fungi, reducing the relative abundance of Acetobacter and Paenibacillus in bacterial communities, and inhibiting the tendency of Monascus to replace Issatchenkia in fungal communities, thus delaying the aerobic spoilage process. Due to the prevention of the development of aerobic spoilage microorganisms, the silage injected with Lactobacillus buchneri or Bacillus licheniformis exhibited improved aerobic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yin
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Meirong Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Rui Yang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Juanjuan Sun
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Zhu Yu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chunsheng Bai
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yanlin Xue
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Microbial Resources in Silage, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science, Hohhot 010031, China
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Chen Q, Zhu C, Guo L, Bu X, Yang W, Cheng S, Cong X, Xu F. Genome-wide identification of HMT gene family explores BpHMT2 enhancing selenium accumulation and tolerance in Broussonetia papyrifera. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpae030. [PMID: 38498335 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Broussonetia papyrifera, a valuable feed resource, is known for its fast growth, wide adaptability, high protein content and strong selenium enrichment capacity. Selenomethionine (SeMet), the main selenium form in selenium fortification B. papyrifera, is safe for animals and this enhances its nutritional value as a feed resource. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying SeMet synthesis remain unclear. This study identified three homocysteine S-methyltransferase genes from the B. papyrifera genome. The phylogenetic tree demonstrated that BpHMTs were divided into two classes, and BpHMT2 in the Class 2-D subfamily evolved earlier and possesses more fundamental functions. On the basis of the correlation between gene expression levels and selenium content, BpHMT2 was identified as a key candidate gene associated with selenium tolerance. Subcellular localization experiments confirmed the targeting of BpHMT2 in nucleus, cell membrane and chloroplasts. Moreover, three BpHMT2 overexpression Arabidopsis thaliana lines were confirmed to enhance plant selenium tolerance and SeMet accumulation. Overall, our finding provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of selenium metabolism in B. papyrifera, highlighting the potential role of BpHMT2 in SeMet synthesis. This research contributes to our understanding of selenium-enriched feed resources, with increased SeMet content contributing to the improved nutritional value of B. papyrifera as a feed resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangwen Chen
- Enshi Se-Run Material Engineering Technology Co., Ltd, Enshi, Hubei 445000, China
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, JingZhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Changye Zhu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, JingZhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Longfei Guo
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, JingZhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Xianchen Bu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, JingZhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, JingZhou, Hubei 434025, China
- Hubei National Se-rich Technology Development Co., Ltd, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Shuiyuan Cheng
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, Hubei 430023, China
- National Selenium Rich Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, Enshi, Hubei 445000, China
| | - Xin Cong
- Enshi Se-Run Material Engineering Technology Co., Ltd, Enshi, Hubei 445000, China
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, Hubei 430023, China
| | - Feng Xu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, JingZhou, Hubei 434025, China
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Liang X, Ru M, Zhai Z, Huang J, Wang W, Wang R, Zhang Z, Niu KM, Wu X. In vitro antibacterial effects of Broussonetia papyrifera leaf extract and its anti-colitis in DSS-treated mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1255127. [PMID: 37915848 PMCID: PMC10616958 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1255127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the hybrid Broussonetia papyrifera (BP) has been extensively cultivated and predominantly utilized in ruminants because of its high protein and bioactive compound content. In the present study, the effects of an ethanolic extract of BP leaves (BPE, 200 mg/kg) on mitigating 2% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced intestinal inflammation in mice were evaluated. BPE is rich in flavonoids, polyphenols, and polysaccharides, and displays potent antioxidant and antibacterial activities against pathogenic strains such as Clostridium perfringens, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica in vitro. In a mouse study, oral administration of DSS resulted in weight loss, incidence of diarrhea, enlargement of the liver and spleen, impaired colonic morphology, downregulation of both gene and protein expression related to intestinal antioxidant (Nrf2) and barrier function (ZO-1), decreased diversity of colonic microbiota, and 218 differentially altered colonic metabolites; however, co-treatment with BPE did not restore these modified aspects except for the liver index and colonic bacterial diversity. The singular treatment with BPE did not manifest evident side effects in normal mice but induced a mild occurrence of diarrhea and a notable alteration in the colonic metabolite profile. Moreover, a single BPE administration augmented the abundance of the commensal beneficial bacteria Faecalibaculum and Akkermansia genera. Overall, the extract of BP leaves did not demonstrate the anticipated effectiveness in alleviating DSS-induced intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Liang
- Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Ground Biological Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, China
| | - Meng Ru
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhenya Zhai
- Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianzhen Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wanwan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ruxia Wang
- Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Kai-Min Niu
- Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
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Zhang Y, Miao R, Ma K, Zhang Y, Fang X, Wei J, Yin R, Zhao J, Tian J. Effects and Mechanistic Role of Mulberry Leaves in Treating Diabetes and its Complications. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2023; 51:1711-1749. [PMID: 37646143 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x23500775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become a surge burden worldwide owing to its high prevalence and range of associated complications such as coronary artery disease, blindness, stroke, and renal failure. Accordingly, the treatment and management of DM have become a research hotspot. Mulberry leaves (Morus alba L.) have been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for a long time, with the first record of its use published in Shennong Bencao Jing (Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica). Mulberry leaves (MLs) are considered highly valuable medicinal food homologs that contain polysaccharides, flavonoids, alkaloids, and other bioactive substances. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that MLs have multiple bioactive effects, including hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, antioxidation, and anti-inflammatory properties, with the ability to protect islet [Formula: see text]-cells, alleviate insulin resistance, and regulate intestinal flora. However, the pharmacological mechanisms of MLs in DM have not been fully elucidated. In this review, we summarize the botanical characterization, traditional use, chemical constituents, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology of MLs, and highlight the mechanisms involved in treating DM and its complications. This review can provide a valuable reference for the further development and utilization of MLs in the prevention and treatment of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjiao Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Runyu Miao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Kaile Ma
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Fang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jiahua Wei
- Graduate College, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, P. R. China
| | - Ruiyang Yin
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Jingxue Zhao
- Development Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxing Tian
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
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Chen S, Xi M, Gao F, Li M, Dong T, Geng Z, Liu C, Huang F, Wang J, Li X, Wei P, Miao F. Evaluation of mulberry leaves’ hypoglycemic properties and hypoglycemic mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1045309. [PMID: 37089923 PMCID: PMC10117911 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1045309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of herbal medicine in treating diabetes has grown in recent years, but the precise mechanism by which it does so is still unclear to both medical professionals and diabetics. In traditional Chinese medicine, mulberry leaf is used to treat inflammation, colds, and antiviral illnesses. Mulberry leaves are one of the herbs with many medicinal applications, and as mulberry leaf study grows, there is mounting evidence that these leaves also have potent anti-diabetic properties. The direct role of mulberry leaf as a natural remedy in the treatment of diabetes has been proven in several studies and clinical trials. However, because mulberry leaf is a more potent remedy for diabetes, a deeper understanding of how it works is required. The bioactive compounds flavonoids, alkaloids, polysaccharides, polyphenols, volatile oils, sterols, amino acids, and a variety of inorganic trace elements and vitamins, among others, have been found to be abundant in mulberry leaves. Among these compounds, flavonoids, alkaloids, polysaccharides, and polyphenols have a stronger link to diabetes. Of course, trace minerals and vitamins also contribute to blood sugar regulation. Inhibiting alpha glucosidase activity in the intestine, regulating lipid metabolism in the body, protecting pancreatic -cells, lowering insulin resistance, accelerating glucose uptake by target tissues, and improving oxidative stress levels in the body are some of the main therapeutic properties mentioned above. These mechanisms can effectively regulate blood glucose levels. The therapeutic effects of the bioactive compounds found in mulberry leaves on diabetes mellitus and their associated molecular mechanisms are the main topics of this paper’s overview of the state of the art in mulberry leaf research for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sikai Chen
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Miaomiao Xi
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- Xi’an TANK Medicinal Biology Institute, Xi’an, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Min Li
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - TaiWei Dong
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Zhixin Geng
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Fengyu Huang
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Xingyu Li
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Peifeng Wei
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- *Correspondence: Peifeng Wei, ; Feng Miao,
| | - Feng Miao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- *Correspondence: Peifeng Wei, ; Feng Miao,
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Khejornsart P, Meenongyai W, Juntanam T. Cassava pulp added to fermented total mixed rations increased tropical sheep's nutrient utilization, rumen ecology, and microbial protein synthesis. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2022; 9:754-760. [PMID: 36714507 PMCID: PMC9868789 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2022.i645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The price of animal production will be affected by the significant increase in feed costs. The objective of this research was to investigate the impact of adding waste cassava pulp to fermented total mixed ration (FTMR) on nutrient utilization, rumen ecology, and microbial protein synthesis in tropical sheep. Materials and Methods A 3 × 3 replicated Latin square design was used to randomly arrange nine crossbreed lambs (Santa Inês × Dorper) with an initial body weight (BW) of 18.7 ± 1.6 kg (mean ± SD). During a 21-day trial, the animal was offered a random selection of concentrate diets and rice straw (control), total mixed ration (TMR), or FTMR. During the investigation, data on nutrition utilization, rumen ecology, and microbial protein synthesis were analyzed using analysis of variance. Results The finding shows that FTMR had significantly higher dry matter (DM) intake and DM intake per BW than either TMR or control (p < 0.05). Lamb fed on FTMR had significantly higher DM, organic matter protein, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber digestion than those on control or TMR (p < 0.05). Rumen pH values for all treatments ranged from 6.68 to 6.73, with no significant differences. Growing lambs fed FTMR had greater rumen total volatile fatty acid and propionic acid concentrations than those given TMR and the control (p < 0.05). Protozoa were not different across the FTMR groups, although total bacterial and fungal zoospores were increased. In addition, when lambs were fed FTMR containing cassava pulp, ruminal microbial protein synthesis was significantly increased. Conclusion It could indicate that feeding growing lambs with FTMR could improve nutrient utilization, ruminal fermentation, and microbial protein synthesis. However, studies on the effects of FTMR on sheep performance, meat quality, and milk quality are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pichad Khejornsart
- Faculty of Natural Resources and Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Watcharawit Meenongyai
- Faculty of Natural Resources and Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Theerayut Juntanam
- Faculty of Natural Resources and Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
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Replacing alfalfa hay with paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera L.) silage in diets do not affect the production performance of the low lactating dairy cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Multi-Omics-Based Functional Characterization of Hybrid Fermented Broussonetia papyrifera: A Preliminary Study on Gut Health of Laying Hens. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8100547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
More attention has been paid in recent times to the application of Broussonetia papyrifera (BP) silage in ruminants, owing to its nutritional value. This study aimed to characterize the functionality of fermented BP and preliminarily explore its dietary effects on the gut health of laying hens. In this study, we characterized the antioxidant and antibacterial activities, bioactive compound profile, and bacterial community in Lactobacillus plantarum-fermented BP (FBP), as well as its dietary effects on intestinal morphology, microbiota and gene expression of laying hens. Improved contents of protein, total polyphenol and flavonoids as well as antioxidant and antibacterial activities were found after fermentation of BP. Untargeted metabolomics displayed more abundant apigenin, luteolin, diosmetin, and quercetin within the FBP, which may contribute to its functionality. Microbiome demonstrated increased abundance of Firmicutes at the expense of Cyanobacteria phylum, accompanied with raised levels of Lactobacillus genus. The results of a feeding trial showed dietary FBP supplementation increased the serum superoxide dismutase, but down-regulated gene expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), mucin2, and ZO-2, without obviously affecting the intestinal morphology and colonic microbiota. These findings suggest that FBP warrants further investigation as it may serve as a functional dietary supplement in laying hen feed.
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Wang W, Nie Y, Tian H, Quan X, Li J, Shan Q, Li H, Cai Y, Ning S, Santos Bermudez R, He W. Microbial Community, Co-Occurrence Network Relationship and Fermentation Lignocellulose Characteristics of Broussonetia papyrifera Ensiled with Wheat Bran. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10102015. [PMID: 36296291 PMCID: PMC9611845 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10102015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Broussonetia papyrifera has a high lignocellulose content leading to poor palatability and low digestion rate of ruminants. Thus, dynamic profiles of fermentation lignocellulose characteristics, microbial community structure, potential function, and interspecific relationships of B. papyrifera mixing with wheat bran in different ratios: 100:0 (BP100), 90:10 (BP90), 80:20 (BP80), and 65:35 (BP65) were investigated on ensiling days 5, 15, 30, and 50. The results showed that adding bran increased the degradation rate of hemicellulose, neutral detergent fiber, and the activities of filter paper cellulase, endoglucanase, acid protease, and neutral protease, especially in the ratio of 65:35. Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, and Weissella genus bacteria were the dominant genera in silage fermentation, and Pediococcus and Weissella genus bacteria regulated the process of silage fermentation. Compared with monospecific B. papyrifera silage, adding bran significantly increased the abundance of Weissella sp., and improved bacterial fermentation potential in BP65 (p < 0.05). Distance-based redundancy analysis showed that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were significantly positive correlated with most lignocellulose content and degrading enzymes activities, while Monascus sp. and Syncephalastrum sp. were opposite (p < 0.05). Co-occurrence network analysis indicated that there were significant differences in microbial networks among different mixing ratios of B. papyrifera silage prepared with bran. There was a more complex, highly diverse and less competitive co-occurrence network in BP65, which was helpful to silage fermentation. In conclusion, B. papyrifera ensiled with bran improved the microbial community structure and the interspecific relationship and reduced the content of lignocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Wang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Yanshun Nie
- Fengtang Ecological Agriculture Technology Research and Development (Shandong) Co., Ltd., Taian 271400, China
| | - Hua Tian
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Xiaoyan Quan
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Jialin Li
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Qiuli Shan
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Yichao Cai
- Fengtang Ecological Agriculture Technology Research and Development (Shandong) Co., Ltd., Taian 271400, China
| | - Shangjun Ning
- Fengtang Ecological Agriculture Technology Research and Development (Shandong) Co., Ltd., Taian 271400, China
| | - Ramon Santos Bermudez
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Luis Vargas Torres de Esmeraldas University of Technology, Esmeraldas 080103, Ecuador
| | - Wenxing He
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
- Correspondence:
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11
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In Vitro Fermentation and Degradation Characteristics of Rosemary Extract in Total Mixed Ration of Lactating Dairy Cows. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8090461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosemary extract (RE) is characterized as an antioxidant, and it has the potential to reduce methane emission and change microbial fermentation. Hence, to the extent of the evaluation of RE in ruminant nutrition, the in vitro fermentation technique was used to investigate the effects of RE on the fermentation characteristics of a total mixed ration (TMR) fed to dairy cows. Different doses of RE were added to the TMR to obtain different concentrations of antioxidants, including 0 (CON), 0.05 (LRE), and 0.10 g/kg (HRE). A total of 500 mg ground TMR was incubated in buffer solution and rumen fluid for 48 h at 39 °C. Nutrient degradability, gas production parameters, gas composition, fermentation parameters, and microbial composition were analyzed. The results showed that nutrient degradability and total volatile fatty acid concentration were not affected by the treatments. Furthermore, total methane production and proportion were depressed in a dose-dependent way. The RE increased the propionate concentration and proportion linearly and decreased the acetate concentration and proportion linearly. Finally, microbial diversity analysis showed that the richness and evenness indexes were unchanged by different treatments, while Prevotella_1 was decreased and Prevotella_7 was increased with RE supplementation. In conclusion, RE is an effective inhibitor of methane emission of microbial fermentation and changed the profile of volatile fatty acids with no disadvantageous effects on diet utilization.
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Preliminary Investigation of the Effects of Rosemary Extract Supplementation on Milk Production and Rumen Fermentation in High-Producing Dairy Cows. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091715. [PMID: 36139788 PMCID: PMC9495500 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosemary extract (RE) has been used as an antioxidant in cosmetics and food additives, indicating its potential as a feed additive to improve adaptation in high-producing dairy cows. Here, we investigated the effects of RE supplementation on lactation performance and rumen fermentation in high-producing dairy cows. Thirty multiparous cows were blocked into 15 groups based on milk production and were randomly assigned to one of two treatments: 0 or 28 g/d of RE supplementation to the basic diet per cow. The experiment was conducted over a 74-day period, which included an initial two-week adaptation period. We observed significant increases in milk and milk lactose yields following RE supplementation. Somatic cell count tended to decrease by treatment. Additionally, superoxide dismutase concentration significantly increased and malonaldehyde level decreased after RE supplementation. Sequencing of 16S rRNA revealed that RE supplementation significantly affected the microbial composition and decreased the richness of the microbiota. Specifically, the abundance of the genus Prevotella was significantly decreased by RE supplementation and was correlated with volatile fatty acids in the Mantel test, whereas no significant correlation was found for other genera. Our findings provide fundamental information on the potential for RE as a feed additive for dairy cows to improve antioxidant status and enhance propionate generation.
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13
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Cheng Q, Li M, Fan X, Chen Y, Sun H, Xie Y, Zheng Y, Chen C, Li P. Effects of epiphytic and exogenous lactic acid bacteria on fermentation quality and microbial community compositions of paper mulberry silage. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:973500. [PMID: 36090070 PMCID: PMC9453674 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.973500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to isolate, characterize, and identify lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains from various sources and evaluate their effects on the nutritional quality, fermentation characteristics, and microbial compositions of paper mulberry (PM) after 60 days of ensiling. Forty-nine LAB strains were isolated from Phalaris arundinacea silage, pickle, and fresh PM leaves; three of these strains (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, YC1; Levilactobacillus brevis, PC3; and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, BP17) and one commercial inoculant Gaofuji (GFJ) were subsequently used. Compared with other treatments, PC3 and BP17 increased (P < 0.05) the LAB count and crude protein content and decreased (P < 0.05) the molds and coliform bacteria counts, pH, and ammonia-N content of PM silages. BP17 and PC3 increased the relative Lactiplantibacillus abundance and decreased that of Lelliottia and Cladosporium, improving PM silage quality. Therefore, PC3 and BP17 can improve the fermentation quality of PM silage and could be used as silage starter cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Cheng
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Maoya Li
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xueying Fan
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yulian Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hong Sun
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yixiao Xie
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yulong Zheng
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chao Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Ping Li,
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Li M, Fan X, Cheng Q, Chen Y, Long J, Lei Y, Li P, Chen C. Effect of Amomum villosum essential oil as an additive on the chemical composition, fermentation quality, and bacterial community of paper mulberry silage. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:951958. [PMID: 35935221 PMCID: PMC9355139 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.951958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera L., PM) is being used as a new type of animal protein feed to address the feed crisis. To investigate the effect of additives on the chemical composition, fermentation quality, and bacterial community of PM silage (at room temperature, 25°), paper mulberry was fermented with formic acid (FA), Amomum villosum essential oil (AVEO) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculant treatments. The results showed that fresh PM had a low water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content and large amounts of unclassified bacteria. Compared with the CK and LAB treatments, the FA and AVEO treatments significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the pH and increased the lactic acid content of PM silage after 60 days of ensiling. In the AVEO-treated silages the abundance of Lactococcus in the early stage of ensiling increased by 14.09%, the abundances of Levilactobacillus and Lentilactobacillus in the late stage of ensiling increased by 58.34 and 91.12%, respectively, and the abundance of Stenotrophomonas decreased by 94.71%, resulting in improved PM silage quality. These results confirmed that AVEO could potentially be developed as a new additive for improving the fermentation quality of silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoya Li
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xueying Fan
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qiming Cheng
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Qiming Cheng,
| | - Yulian Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jianhua Long
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yao Lei
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chao Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Qiming Cheng,
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15
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Xie Y, Wang L, Li W, Xu S, Bao J, Deng J, Wu Z, Yu Z. Fermentation Quality, In Vitro Digestibility, and Aerobic Stability of Total Mixed Ration Silage in Response to Varying Proportion Alfalfa Silage. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12081039. [PMID: 35454285 PMCID: PMC9027063 DOI: 10.3390/ani12081039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different proportions of alfalfa silage on the fermentation quality, in vitro digestibility, and aerobic stability of total mixed ration (TMR) silage. Three TMRs were prepared with different silage contents on a fresh matter basis: (1) 60% alfalfa silage (AS60), (2) 40% alfalfa silage (AS40), and (3) 20% alfalfa silage (AS20). The lactic acid in AS60 did not increase after 30 days of ensiling (p > 0.05). Butyric acid was detected in the AS20 group after 14 days of ensiling. The AS60 group showed significantly higher in vitro dry matter digestibility than the AS20 group (p < 0.05). The aerobic stability of TMR silage gradually increased with a decreasing percentage of alfalfa silage (p < 0.05). Unlike AS60, which directly gained an acidic environment from the alfalfa silage, AS40 developed a stable acidic environment during ensiling and further improved aerobic stability. However, when the percentage of alfalfa silage was reduced to 20%, a risk of clostridial spoilage occurred in the TMR silage. Therefore, the addition of 40% alfalfa silage to TMR is optimal and could achieve both good fermentation quality and considerable resistance to aerobic deterioration in TMR silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Xie
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.X.); (L.W.); (W.L.); (S.X.); (J.B.); (Z.W.)
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.X.); (L.W.); (W.L.); (S.X.); (J.B.); (Z.W.)
| | - Wenqi Li
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.X.); (L.W.); (W.L.); (S.X.); (J.B.); (Z.W.)
| | - Shengyang Xu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.X.); (L.W.); (W.L.); (S.X.); (J.B.); (Z.W.)
| | - Jinze Bao
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.X.); (L.W.); (W.L.); (S.X.); (J.B.); (Z.W.)
| | - Jiajie Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Zhe Wu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.X.); (L.W.); (W.L.); (S.X.); (J.B.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhu Yu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.X.); (L.W.); (W.L.); (S.X.); (J.B.); (Z.W.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Li X, Chen F, Xu J, Guo L, Xiong Y, Lin Y, Ni K, Yang F. Exploring the Addition of Herbal Residues on Fermentation Quality, Bacterial Communities, and Ruminal Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Paper Mulberry Silage. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:820011. [PMID: 35222315 PMCID: PMC8874217 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.820011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the influence of herbal residues on the fermentation quality and ruminal fermentation of paper mulberry silage. Clove, mint, and purple perilla residues were used as additives. Silage treatments were designed as control (no additives), 5% of clove, 5% of mint, and 5% of purple perilla. After 21 and 75 days of fermentation, the fermentation characteristics, bacterial communities, and ruminal greenhouse gas emissions in vitro incubation of paper mulberry were analyzed. The results showed that the used herbal residues could reduce the protein losses in paper mulberry silage based on the lower contents of ammoniacal nitrogen and nonprotein nitrogen. Compared with control, higher lactic acid and propionic acid contents were observed in the silages treated with mint and purple perilla but with a higher acetic acid content in clove treatment. Real-time sequencing technology (single-molecule real-time) revealed that Lactobacillus was the dominant bacteria in all silages at the genus level, whereas the bacterial abundance in the treated silages differed greatly from control at the species level. Lactobacillus hammesii abundance was the highest in control, whereas Lactobacillus acetotolerans was the first predominant in the treated silages. All the additives enhanced the digestibility of in vitro dry matter significantly. However, purple perilla decreased the production of total gas, methane, and carbon dioxide. The findings discussed earlier suggested that herbal residues have potential effects in improving fermentation quality, reducing protein loss, and modulating greenhouse gas emissions in the rumen of paper mulberry silage by shifting bacterial community composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Li
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Chen
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Linna Guo
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Xiong
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanli Lin
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Sure Academy of Biosciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kuikui Ni
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Kuikui Ni,
| | - Fuyu Yang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Fuyu Yang,
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Addition of Lactic Acid Bacteria Can Promote the Quality and Feeding Value of Broussonetia papyrifera (Paper Mulberry) Silage. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the influence of two lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains [Lactobacillus rhamnosus BDy (LR-BDy) and Lactobacillus buchneri TSy (LB-TSy)] selected from Southwest China on the fermentation characteristics and in vitro gas production of Broussonetia papyrifera (paper mulberry) silage were experimentally explored. The experimental groups were a control group (C), an LB-TSy treatment (LB), an LR-BDy treatment (LR), and an LR-BDy + LB-TSy hybrid group (LR × LB). After the LAB were added, the pH value of paper mulberry silage significantly declined (p < 0.05), and the crude protein content was effectively preserved (p < 0.05). However, no significant changes were found in the levels of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and crude ash (p > 0.05). The lactic acid content in paper mulberry silage was evidently increased (p < 0.05). The in vitro gas production in the LR at 36, 48, and 72 h were markedly higher than that in the other treatments (p < 0.05). Owing to the addition of LAB, the microbial diversity in paper mulberry silage was reduced, while the relative bacterial abundance of Lactobacillus was enhanced. Hence, the addition of LAB selected from the warm and humid region in Southwest China can improve the quality of paper mulberry silage and elevate its feeding value in this region.
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Kong F, Liu Y, Wang S, Zhang Y, Wang W, Yang H, Lu N, Li S. Nutrient Digestibility, Microbial Fermentation, and Response in Bacterial Composition to Methionine Dipeptide: An In Vitro Study. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11010093. [PMID: 35053091 PMCID: PMC8772947 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The rumen microbiota plays an important role in maintaining microbiota homeostasis and promoting milk production synthesis through utilizing amino acids and non-protein nitrogen. Furthermore, various nitrogen sources have shown distinct effects on microbial growth rates. The methionine dipeptide (MD) is a bioactive peptide consisting of two methionine (Met) residues linked by a peptide bond. Although the role of MD in milk protein synthesis is established, little is known about its role in bacterial fermentation. The present study demonstrates that the various nitrogen sources could reshape microbiota differently, and MD could be more efficient than free Met in the rumen to support acetate producer growth. Our study provides some new insights into the relationship between ruminal microbiota of dairy cows and small peptides and points to potential strategies to effectively enhance the health condition and digestion ability of dairy cows. Abstract It is well known that the methionine dipeptide (MD) could enhance the dairy cows milking performance. However, there is still a knowledge gap of the effects of MD on the rumen fermentation characteristics, microbiota composition, and digestibility. This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different nitrogen sources with a total mixed ration on in vitro nutrient digestibility, fermentation characteristics, and bacterial composition. The treatments included 5 mg urea (UR), 25.08 mg methionine (Met), 23.57 mg MD, and no additive (CON) in fermentation culture medium composed of buffer solution, filtrated Holstein dairy cow rumen fluid, and substrate (1 g total mixed ration). Nutrient digestibility was measured after 24 h and 48 h fermentation, and fermentation parameters and microbial composition were measured after 48 h fermentation. Digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) in the MD group at 48 h were significantly higher than in the CON and UR groups. The total volatile fatty acid concentration was higher in the MD group than in the other groups. In addition, 16S rRNA microbial sequencing results showed MD significantly improved the relative abundances of Succinivibrio, Anaerotruncus, and Treponema_2, whereas there was no significant difference between Met and UR groups. Spearman’s correlation analysis showed the relative abundance of Succinivibrio and Anaerotruncus were positively correlated with gas production, NDF digestibility, ADF digestibility, and acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total volatile fatty acid concentrations. Overall, our results suggested that the microbiota in the fermentation system could be affected by additional nitrogen supplementation and MD could effectively enhance the nutrient utilization in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanlin Kong
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (F.K.); (S.W.); (W.W.); (H.Y.)
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Beijing Jingwa Agricultural Science & Technology Innovation Center, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Shuo Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (F.K.); (S.W.); (W.W.); (H.Y.)
| | - Yijia Zhang
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Wei Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (F.K.); (S.W.); (W.W.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hongjian Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (F.K.); (S.W.); (W.W.); (H.Y.)
| | - Na Lu
- Beijing Jingwa Agricultural Science & Technology Innovation Center, Beijing 100193, China;
- Correspondence: (N.L.); (S.L.); Tel.: +86-10-62731254 (S.L.)
| | - Shengli Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (F.K.); (S.W.); (W.W.); (H.Y.)
- Correspondence: (N.L.); (S.L.); Tel.: +86-10-62731254 (S.L.)
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Effects of Paper Mulberry Silage on the Growth Performance, Rumen Microbiota and Muscle Fatty Acid Composition in Hu Lambs. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7040286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera) is widely ensiled to feed sheep in southwestern China, as unconventional woody forage. Feeding lambs with paper mulberry silage (PMS) may improve certain feeding characteristics, thereby affecting the growth performance and meat quality. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of four diets of PMS on growth performance, rumen microbial composition, and muscle fatty acids profile in Hu lambs. The results showed that 30% and 40% PMS increased the dry matter intake and average daily gain of Hu lambs compared to the control group. PMS30 and PMS40 increased the content of C24:1, and PMS40 increased the content of C20:5n-3. The content of microbial protein (MCP) was higher in PMS40 than in others, but PMS30 and PMS40 reduced the total volatile fatty acid in rumen. PMS30 significantly increased the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid. The abundance of ruminal Christensenellaceae_R-7_group and norank_f_Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group was significantly higher in PMS30 and PMS40 groups. Moreover, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group had a significant positive correlation with n3-polyunsaturated fatty acid. PMS40 might lead to a relatively high content of unsaturated fatty acids in longissimus dorsi muscle by increasing the relative abundance of Christensenellaceae_R-7_group in rumen.
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Sun J, Ren J, Hu X, Hou Y, Yang Y. Therapeutic effects of Chinese herbal medicines and their extracts on diabetes. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:111977. [PMID: 34364042 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the improvement of people's living standards and changes in the environment, the incidence of diabetes has increased rapidly. It has gradually become one of the main diseases threatening the health and life of modern people, bringing a great burden to the society. Although the existing treatment methods can effectively control the symptoms of diabetes and delay its progression, they have not brought satisfactory improvement in the quality of life and treatment of patients. Traditional Chinese herbal medicines and their extracts combine thousands of years of experience and the scientific basis provided by modern experimental research, which is expected to bring a qualitative leap in the clinical management of diabetes. Therefore, this article systematically reviews studies on the effects of Chinese herbal medicine and its extracts on diabetes and its complications, and aims to bring new ideas and options for the clinical treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Sun
- Department of Diabetes, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Jiangong Ren
- Department of Diabetes, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Xuejian Hu
- Department of Diabetes, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Yuanhua Hou
- Department of Diabetes, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Diabetes, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China.
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