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Gui J, Azad MAK, Lin W, Meng C, Hu X, Cui Y, Lan W, He J, Kong X. Chinese herb ultrafine powder supplementation improves egg nutritional value and quality in laying hens. Vet Q 2024; 44:1-17. [PMID: 38557401 PMCID: PMC10986442 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2331530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the effects of dietary Chinese herb ultrafine powder (CHUP) supplementation in late-phase laying hens on the quality and nutritional values of eggs. A total of 576 Xinyang black-feather laying hens (300-day-old) were randomly allocated into eight groups for a 120-day feeding trial. Each group contained eight replicates with nine hens per replicate. The experimental groups included the control (basal diet) and different levels of CHUP groups (details in 'Materials and methods'). The results showed that the eggshell strength was increased (p < 0.05) in the L, LF, L-LF, L-T, and LF-T groups on day 60 of the trial. In addition, the plasma estradiol level in the L-LF, LF-T, and L-LF-T groups and unsaturated fatty acids concentrations in egg yolk of the CHUP groups (except LF-T group) were increased, whereas total cholesterol (T, L-LF, L-T, and L-LF-T groups) in egg yolk and the atherogenicity (T, L-T, and L-LF-T groups) and thrombogenicity (T, L-LF, L-T, and L-LF-T groups) indexes were decreased (p < 0.05) on day 60 of the trial compared with the control group. Moreover, bitter amino acids in egg albumen were decreased (p < 0.05) in the L-LF group on day 60 and the L-LF-T group on day 120 of the trial. Collectively, these findings indicate that dietary CHUP supplementation could improve eggshell quality and increase plasma reproductive hormone, fatty acid and amino acid composition, and nutritional values of eggs, especially L-LF and L-LF-T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Gui
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Physiology and Metabolic Processes, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Md. Abul Kalam Azad
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Physiology and Metabolic Processes, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenchao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Physiology and Metabolic Processes, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chengwen Meng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Physiology and Metabolic Processes, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Hu
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui, China
| | - Yadong Cui
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Lan
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui, China
| | - Jianhua He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangfeng Kong
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Physiology and Metabolic Processes, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui, China
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Vlaicu PA, Untea AE, Lefter NA, Oancea AG, Saracila M, Varzaru I. Influence of rosehip (Rosa canina L.) leaves as feed additive during first stage of laying hens on performances and egg quality characteristics. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103990. [PMID: 38972282 PMCID: PMC11264185 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of rosehip leaves (RL) supplementation on the production performances and egg quality of laying hens during the first stage of laying. For that, 90 Lohmann Brown Classic hens, aged 26 wk, were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments as follows: a control diet (RL0), an experimental diet containing 0.5% rosehip leaves (RL0.5), and an experimental diet containing 1% rosehip leaves (RL1). The laying hens were accommodated in an experimental hall with identical pens (3.96 m2), and controlled microclimate conditions. The dietary treatments were administered for a 6-wk experimental period (26-32 d of age). During this time, production performance of hens was recorded. To assess the impact of RL on egg weight and its components evolution, egg yolk and albumen color, and primary chemical composition of egg constituents were determined every 2 wk. The effect on egg yolk fatty acids profile was determined only at the end of the trial. The results showed that RL0.5 and RL1 dietary treatments significantly improved laying rate, feed conversion ratio and egg mass compared with RL0 group. A significant effect on egg weight and its components was observed only over time, showing that RL has no effect on these parameters. Significant changes in egg yolk coloration were observed over time, with significant increases in L*, a* and b* chromomeric parameters in both RL0.5 and RL1 compared to RL0. Significant alterations were obtained from the sum of egg yolk fatty acids. The RL1 egg yolk presented significantly higher n-3, and significantly lower n-6 fatty acids, compared with both RL0 and RL0.5. Further research is warranted to explore the long-term effects of rosehip leaf supplementation on laying hens performance and egg quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petru Alexandru Vlaicu
- Feed and Food Quality Department, National Research and Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition, IF, Romania.
| | - Arabela Elena Untea
- Feed and Food Quality Department, National Research and Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition, IF, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Aurelia Lefter
- Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology Department, National Research and Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition, IF, Romania
| | - Alexandra Gabriela Oancea
- Feed and Food Quality Department, National Research and Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition, IF, Romania
| | - Mihaela Saracila
- Feed and Food Quality Department, National Research and Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition, IF, Romania
| | - Iulia Varzaru
- Feed and Food Quality Department, National Research and Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition, IF, Romania
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Corrigan A, McCooey P, Taylor-Pickard J, Stockdale S, Murphy R. Breaking the Cycle: A Yeast Mannan-Rich Fraction Beneficially Modulates Egg Quality and the Antimicrobial Resistome Associated with Layer Hen Caecal Microbiomes under Commercial Conditions. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1562. [PMID: 39203404 PMCID: PMC11356413 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12081562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics and antibiotic growth promoters have been extensively employed in poultry farming to enhance growth performance, maintain bird health, improve nutrient uptake efficiency, and mitigate enteric diseases at both sub-therapeutic and therapeutic doses. However, the extensive use of antimicrobials in poultry farming has led to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in microbial reservoirs, representing a significant global public health concern. In response, non-antibiotic dietary interventions, such as yeast mannan-rich fraction (MRF), have emerged as a promising alternative to modulate the gut microbiota and combat the AMR crisis. This study investigated whether a yeast mannan-rich fraction containing feed supplement impacted the performance of laying hens, their microbiomes, and the associated carriage of antimicrobial resistance genes under commercial conditions. High-throughput DNA sequencing was utilised to profile the bacterial community and assess changes in the antibiotic resistance genomes detected in the metagenome, the "resistome", in response to MRF supplementation. It was found that supplementation favourably influenced laying hen performance and microbial composition. Notably, there was a compositional shift in the MRF supplemented group associated with a lower relative abundance of pathobionts, e.g., Escherichia, Brachyspira and Trueperella, and their AMR-encoded genes, relative to beneficial microbes. Overall, the findings further demonstrate the ability of prebiotics to improve laying hen performance through changes associated with their microbiome and resistome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife Corrigan
- Alltech Bioscience Centre, A86 X006 Dunboyne, Co. Meath, Ireland; (P.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Paula McCooey
- Alltech Bioscience Centre, A86 X006 Dunboyne, Co. Meath, Ireland; (P.M.); (R.M.)
| | | | - Stephen Stockdale
- Novogene (UK) Company Ltd., 25 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0FW, UK;
- BioFigR, Ballyvoloon, P24 N524 Cobh, Cork, Ireland
| | - Richard Murphy
- Alltech Bioscience Centre, A86 X006 Dunboyne, Co. Meath, Ireland; (P.M.); (R.M.)
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Gorlov IF, Slozhenkina MI, Mosolova DA, Khoroshevskaya LV, Komarova ZB, Nikulin VN, Struk EA, Khoroshevsky AP, Anisimova EY. Lactulose with synergists supplementation improving a health of chicks and reducing the environmental burden in poultry industry. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2024; 11:429-438. [PMID: 39101089 PMCID: PMC11296183 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2024.k792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The study aims to understand the effect of new antibiotic-substituting supplements in feeding chickens of the Hisex Brown cross in industrial conditions. Materials and Methods A total of 216 hatched chicks were randomly selected and distributed into Control, Test I, and Test II groups, with 3 replicates of 24 birds in three treatments. Results At the end of the experiment, BW of T1/T2 birds was higher by 6.12% (p <0.01) and 10.29% (p <0.001) than CON. In comparison with the control hens, T1/T2 birds had a higher feed conversion rate and digestibility of nutrients. The blood indicators of T1/T2 hens exceeded those in control. Prebiotic supplementations were positively influenced in the immune indices of birds. IgA, IgG, IgM increased in groups T1/T2. Similar regularity was found in the natural resistance of chicks fed S1/S2. In the caecum, the Lactobacilli number was higher than in CON by 17.03% (p <0.01) in T1 and by 18.47% (p <0.01)-in T2; Bifidobacteria-by 17.94 (p <0.001) and 19.09% (p <0.01), respectively; at the same time, the number of E. coli decreased by 21.05% (p <0.01) and 24.21% (p <0.01). The concentration of emitted excreta noxious gases decreased: ammonia by 22.40%-24.95% (p <0.01); hydrogen sulfide by 10.67%-16.00% (p <0.01); and mercaptans by 12.90%-17.74% (p <0.05). Conclusion These findings support the use of lactulose-based supplements as antibiotic alternatives to improve production in poultry farming and to reduce the toxic load on the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Fiodorovich Gorlov
- Povolzhsky Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat and Dairy Product, Volgograd, Russian Federation
| | - Marina Ivanovna Slozhenkina
- Povolzhsky Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat and Dairy Product, Volgograd, Russian Federation
| | - Daria Aleksandrovna Mosolova
- Universite Paris-Est Creteil Val de Marne Institut d’Administration des Entreprises Gustave Eiffel—Ecole de management, Creteil, France
| | | | - Zoya Borisovna Komarova
- Povolzhsky Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat and Dairy Product, Volgograd, Russian Federation
| | | | - Evgeniya Aleksandrovna Struk
- Povolzhsky Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat and Dairy Product, Volgograd, Russian Federation
| | | | - Elena Yurievna Anisimova
- Povolzhsky Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat and Dairy Product, Volgograd, Russian Federation
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Mantzios T, Stylianaki I, Savvidou S, Dokou S, Papadopoulos GΑ, Panitsidis I, Patsias A, Raj J, Vasiljević M, Pajić M, Gomez-Osorio LM, Bošnjak-Neumüller J, Tsiouris V, Giannenas I. Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Essential Oils, Lysozyme, and Vitamins' Blend on Layer Hen Performance, Viral Vaccinal Response, and Egg Quality Characteristics. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:147. [PMID: 38400131 PMCID: PMC10893408 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Maintaining respiratory tract health is crucial for layers, impacting gut health, laying performance, and egg quality. Viral diseases and standard vaccinations can compromise tracheal epithelium function, leading to oxidative stress. This study assessed the impact of a blend of feed additives, predominantly lysozyme (L), essential oils (EO), and vitamins (VIT) (referred to as L + EO + VIT), on young layers during an oral vaccination schedule. The supplementation significantly enhanced antibody titers for Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) and Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) after vaccination, trachea functionality and intestinal health in the jejunum, increased egg production, and exhibited a trend toward higher egg weight. Although feed intake showed no significant difference, egg quality remained consistent across experimental groups. Moreover, L + EO + VIT supplementation elevated total phenolic content in eggs, improving oxidative stability in both fresh and stored eggs, particularly under iron-induced oxidation. Notably, it substantially reduced yolk lipid peroxidation and albumen protein carbonyls. In conclusion, water supplementation with L + EO + VIT may enhance humoral immune response to IBV and NDV, positively impacting hen productivity. These findings indicate improved tracheal function and enhanced oxidative stability, emphasizing the potential of this blend in promoting overall health and performance in layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilemachos Mantzios
- Unit of Avian Medicine, Clinic of Farm Animals, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Stavrou Voutyra 11, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece; (T.M.); (V.T.)
| | - Ioanna Stylianaki
- Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Soumela Savvidou
- Research Institute of Animal Science, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation-Demeter, 58100 Giannitsa, Greece;
| | - Stella Dokou
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.D.); (I.P.)
| | - Georgios Α. Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Ioannis Panitsidis
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.D.); (I.P.)
| | - Apostolos Patsias
- Agricultural Poultry Cooperation of Ioannina “PINDOS”, Rodotopi, 45500 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Jog Raj
- PATENT CO. DOO, 24211 Misicevo, Serbia; (J.R.); (M.V.); (L.-M.G.-O.); (J.B.-N.)
| | - Marko Vasiljević
- PATENT CO. DOO, 24211 Misicevo, Serbia; (J.R.); (M.V.); (L.-M.G.-O.); (J.B.-N.)
| | - Marko Pajić
- Department for Epizootiology, Clinical Diagnostic, Pathology and DDD, Scientific Veterinary Institute “Novi Sad”, Rumenački Put 20, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | | | | | - Vasilios Tsiouris
- Unit of Avian Medicine, Clinic of Farm Animals, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Stavrou Voutyra 11, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece; (T.M.); (V.T.)
| | - Ilias Giannenas
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.D.); (I.P.)
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Liang X, Fu Y, Niu K, Zhai Z, Shi H, Wang R, Yin Y. Dietary Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract improves laying performance by altering serum metabolic profiles and gut bacteria in aged laying hens. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 15:307-319. [PMID: 38053802 PMCID: PMC10694046 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The leaves of Eucommia ulmoides are rich in bioactive constituents that have potential gastrointestinal benefits for animals. In aged laying hens, intestinal health issues contribute to a significant decline in egg-laying capacity during intermediate and later stages. It remains unclear whether E. ulmoides leaf extract (ELE) can improve intestinal health and enhance egg production in elderly laying hens, and the underlying mechanisms are yet to be elucidated. Therefore, we conducted a study with 480 laying hens (65 weeks old) randomly allocated into four groups: a control group fed with the basal diet, and three treatment groups supplemented with 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg of ELE, respectively. The primary active constituents of ELE include flavonoids, polysaccharides, terpenoids, and phenolic acids. Dietary supplementation with ELE at 1,000 mg/kg (ELE1000) significantly improved laying performance and egg quality compared to the other groups. ELE1000 stimulated the maturation of intestinal epithelial cells, increased villus height, and reduced crypt depth. It also influenced the levels of proteins associated with tight junctions (claudin-1 and claudin-2) and intestinal inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-2) in different intestinal sections. Integrative analysis of serum metabolomics and gut microbiota revealed that ELE1000 improved nutrient metabolism by modulating amino acid and ubiquinone biosynthesis and influenced the abundance of intestinal microbiota by enriching pivotal genera such as Bacteroides and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group. We identified 15 metabolites significantly correlated with both gut microbiota and laying performance, e.g., DL-methionine sulfoxide, THJ2201 N-valerate metabolite, tetracarbonic acid, etc. In conclusion, ELE1000 improved laying performance in elderly laying hens by affecting intestinal morphology, barrier function, microbiota, and serum metabolite profiles. These findings suggest that ELE can be a beneficial feed additive for extending the peak producing period in aged laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yawei Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Kaimin Niu
- Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Zhenya Zhai
- Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Hongxun Shi
- Henan Ground Biological Science & Technology Co., Ltd, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ruxia Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
- Henan Ground Biological Science & Technology Co., Ltd, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
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Liu B, Ma R, Yang Q, Yang Y, Fang Y, Sun Z, Song D. Effects of Traditional Chinese Herbal Feed Additive on Production Performance, Egg Quality, Antioxidant Capacity, Immunity and Intestinal Health of Laying Hens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2510. [PMID: 37570319 PMCID: PMC10417022 DOI: 10.3390/ani13152510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chinese herbs have been used as feed additives in animal production. This study investigated the effects of a Chinese herbal feed-additive (TCM, which contained Elsholtzia ciliate, Atractylodes macrocephala, Punica granatum pericarpium, and Cyperus rotundus) on the production performance, egg quality, antioxidant capacity, immunity, and intestinal health of Roman laying hens. A total of 720 28-week-old hens were randomly allotted to three groups with six replicates of forty hens each. The groups were fed a basal diet (CON group), a basal diet with 50 mg/kg zinc bacitracin (ABX group), or a basal diet with 400 mg/kg TCM (TCM group) for 56 days. The results showed that the TCM group increased egg production, egg mass, albumen height, and Haugh unit compared with the CON group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in egg weight, feed intake, feed conversion rate, and eggshell strength among all three groups (p > 0.05). Compared with the CON group, the TCM group enhanced the activities of glutathione peroxidase, total antioxidant capacity, and superoxide dismutase in serum and liver, and reduced malondialdehyde content (p < 0.05). The TCM also increased the levels of interleukin-2, interferon-γ, immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin M, and immunoglobulin G, and decreased the levels of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 compared with the CON group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the TCM group increased jejunal goblet cell density and decreased ileal crypt depth and lymphocyte density compared with the CON group (p < 0.05). The results of 16S rRNA demonstrated that the TCM can change the diversity and composition of intestinal microbiota. At the phylum level, the abundance of Bacteroides increased while that of Firmicutes decreased in the TCM group (p > 0.05). At the genus level, the abundance of Lactobacillus, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, and Phascolarctobacterium increased while that of Bacteroides and unclassified_o__Bacteroidales decreased in the TCM group (p > 0.05). The effects of ABX were weaker than those of the TCM. In conclusion, the TCM has positive effects on production performance and the intestinal health of hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiheng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (B.L.); (R.M.); (Q.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Y.F.)
| | - Ruyue Ma
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (B.L.); (R.M.); (Q.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Y.F.)
| | - Qinlin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (B.L.); (R.M.); (Q.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Y.F.)
- Chongqing Institute of Medicinal Plant Cultivation, Chongqing 408435, China
| | - You Yang
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (B.L.); (R.M.); (Q.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Y.F.)
| | - Yuanjing Fang
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (B.L.); (R.M.); (Q.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Y.F.)
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (B.L.); (R.M.); (Q.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Y.F.)
| | - Daijun Song
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (B.L.); (R.M.); (Q.Y.); (Y.Y.); (Y.F.)
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Dong W, Fan Z, Li P, Liu J, Sun G, Peng N, Liang Y, Zhao S. Optimizing the scale-up production of fermented astragalus and its benefits to the performance and egg quality of laying hens. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1165644. [PMID: 37180273 PMCID: PMC10169715 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1165644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Astragalus is a homologous medicine and food that benefits human beings and poultry rearing. Fermented astragalus (FA) is a valuable product obtained by fermentation, but its scale-up production requires optimization and expansion of solid-state fermentation (SSF). In this study, Lactobacillus pentosus Stm was screened as the most suitable LAB strain for fermenting astragalus due to its excellent capacity. After optimization and expansion of SSF, LAB count and lactic acid content reached 206 × 108 cfu/g and 15.0%, respectively. Meanwhile, the content of bioactive compounds in FA was significantly enhanced. Feeding experiments with laying hens indicated that supplementing FA in the diet significantly improved the performance and egg quality, as evidenced by reduced feed-to-egg ratio and egg cholesterol. This was due to the promotion of intestinal health by shifting intestinal microbiota. Therefore, this is a systematical endeavor of producing scaled-up FA with promising potential as a feed additive in the poultry breeding industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhanlei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Panxian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Hubei Poder Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Huangshi, China
| | - Guoping Sun
- Hubei Poder Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Huangshi, China
| | - Nan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunxiang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shumiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Yao BN, Liao FY, Yang JY, Liu A, Wang J, Zhu BG, Feng G, Yang SL. Effect of sea buckthorn extract on production performance, serum biochemical indexes, egg quality, and cholesterol deposition of laying ducks. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1127117. [PMID: 36923054 PMCID: PMC10008885 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1127117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this experiment was to study the effect of sea buckthorn extract (SBE) supplementation on the production performance, serum biochemical indexes, egg quality, and cholesterol deposition of laying ducks. A total of 240 23-week-old laying ducks (female ducks) with similar body weight were randomly divided into four treatment groups with 6 replicates of 10 each. The experimental groups were fed diets supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 g/kg of SBE, respectively. The results showed that the addition of 1.0 g/kg SBE to the diet had significant increase (P < 0.05) in average egg weight and feed conversion ratio. The inclusion of SBE showed the significant improvement (P < 0.05) in yolk weight, shell strength, egg white height and haugh unit. Ducks fed with 1.0 and 1.5 g/kg SBE displayed a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in yolk cholesterol. The significant improvements were observed in the contents of total amino acid essential amino acids, non-essential amino acids, umami amino acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and docosahexenoic acids of eggs (P < 0.05) when supplemented with SBE. However, the contents of total saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in eggs showed decrease when ducks fed with SBE diets (P < 0.05). SBE diets may reduce (P < 0.05) the levels of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, while increased (P < 0.05) the levels of serum superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity, and glutathione catalase compared to the control. The levels of serum immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin M were improved in SBE diets (P < 0.05) in comparation to the control. The addition of SBE to diets can improve feed nutrient utilization, increase egg weight, optimaze egg quality and amino acid content in eggs, reduce blood lipids, improve fatty acid profile and yolk cholesterol in eggs, and increase antioxidant capacity and immunity in laying ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Nong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Fu-You Liao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiao-Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Bao-Guo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Gang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Sheng-Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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10
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Prastiya RA, Madyawati SP, Sari SY, Nugroho AP. Effect of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels on egg-laying frequency in hens. Vet World 2022; 15:2890-2895. [PMID: 36718318 PMCID: PMC9880839 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.2890-2895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Gonadotropins, for example, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), are hormones that affect the reproductive process. In hens, optimal levels of FSH and LH can stimulate follicle growth fairly rapidly and thereby increase egg production through follicle development and increased ovulation. Follicle-stimulating hormone acts in the early stages of follicular growth, whereas LH acts on pre-ovulatory follicles. Normal follicular growth is the result of the complementary action of FSH and LH. Low FSH and LH levels result in the formation of follicles but a lack of egg production in chickens. This study aimed to investigate FSH and LH hormone levels from layer chickens with different egg-laying frequencies. Materials and Methods Fifty blood serum samples were collected from 54-week-old ISA brown strain hens that were divided into five groups (with 10 hens per group) as follows: Hens that lay eggs (i) every day, (ii) once every 2 days, (iii) twice every 3 days, (iv) 3 times every 4 days, and (v) hens that do not lay eggs. Follicle-stimulating hormone and LH levels were measured in samples using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance. Results Follicle-stimulating hormone levels were significantly associated with the frequency of egg laying in ISA brown strain hens (p < 0.05); the highest FSH level (869.005 ± 149.194 pg/mL) was found in hens that lay eggs every day. In contrast, the highest LH level (51.386 ± 2.410 mIU/mL) was found in hens that lay eggs every 2 days. Conclusion High level of FSH (869.005 ± 149.194 pg/mL) was associated with a high frequency of egg laying (every day) in ISA brown strain hens, and LH level of around 30.406 pg/mL was associated with daily egg laying in these hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragil Angga Prastiya
- Department of Veterinary Sciences Division of Veterinary Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia,Department of Reproduction, School of Health and Life Sciences (SIKIA), Universitas Airlangga, Banyuwangi, Indonesia,Corresponding author: Ragil Angga Prastiya, e-mail: Co-authors: SPM: , SYS: , APN:
| | - Sri Pantja Madyawati
- Department of Veterinary Sciences Division of Veterinary Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Dietary Phytogenic Extracts Favorably Influence Productivity, Egg Quality, Blood Constituents, Antioxidant and Immunological Parameters of Laying Hens: A Meta-Analysis. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12172278. [PMID: 36077998 PMCID: PMC9454511 DOI: 10.3390/ani12172278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the impact of dietary phytogenic extracts on laying hen productivity, egg quality, blood constituents, antioxidant, and immunological parameters through a meta-analytical approach. A total of 28 articles (119 data points) reporting the influence of dietary phytogenic extracts on the productive performance, egg quality, blood constituents, immunological, and antioxidant parameters of laying hens were embedded into a database. Statistical analysis was performed using a mixed model, with different studies treated as random effects and phytogenic extract levels treated as fixed effects. This meta-analysis revealed that dietary phytogenic extracts quadratically (p < 0.05) improved egg production and egg mass as well as decreased (p < 0.05) the feed conversion ratio (FCR) with no adverse effect on egg weight and egg quality. Feed intake and egg yolk percentage tended to increase linearly (p < 0.1). Total serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) declined quadratically (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) increased linearly (p < 0.001), and malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased linearly (p < 0.01), with increasing levels of dietary phytogenic extract. In addition, immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin A (IgA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and total superoxide dismutase (TSOD) increased linearly (p < 0.05) in line with the increase in dietary phytogenic extract level. It was concluded that the inclusion of phytogenic extracts in the diet of laying hens had a positive effect on productive performance, feed efficiency, egg mass, immunity, and antioxidant activity without interfering with egg quality. The optimum level of feed photogenic extract for egg production and feed efficiency was determined to be around 300 mg/kg feed.
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12
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Liu H, Lin Q, Liu X, Huang P, Yang Z, Cao M, Liu M, Li X, Zeng J, He J. Effects of Dietary Bopu Powder Supplementation on Serum Antioxidant Capacity, Egg Quality, and Intestinal Microbiota of Laying Hens. Front Physiol 2022; 13:902784. [PMID: 35936887 PMCID: PMC9353574 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.902784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary Bopu powder supplementation on the serum antioxidant capacity, serum biochemical indices, egg quality, and intestinal microbiota. Six hundred and forty-eight 33-week-old Lohmann Brown commercial laying hens were randomly allocated into six groups and fed a basal diet supplemented with 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg Bopu powder for 8 weeks, denoted BP0, BP25, BP50, BP100, BP200, and BP400, respectively. The results showed that dietary Bopu powder supplementation reduced serum cholesterol concentrations (linear, p < 0.01) while increasing serum globulin and albumin concentrations (linear, p < 0.05). Furthermore, the BP50 and BP100 groups had greater serum catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity (p < 0.05). The egg Haugh Units were considerably higher in BP25 and BP50 (p < 0.05), and eggshell thickness was higher in BP25, BP200, and BP400 (p < 0.05) when compared to BP0. Dietary treatment with Bopu powder at doses ranging from 25–100 mg/kg improved glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities while decreasing malondialdehyde concentrations in the yolk (p < 0.05). The addition of Bopu powder increased the diversity of microbiota and the relative abundance of Bacteroidota in the gut. For instance, dietary Bopu powder supplementation of 25–50 mg/kg significantly raised the relative abundance of Enterococcus, Bacteroides, and Fusobacterium in the foregut. Supplementing the diet with 50–100 mg/kg of Bopu powder improved the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in the hindgut. In conclusion, dietary Bopu powder supplementation enhanced the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the foregut of laying hens and improved egg quality and antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, in the laying hen diet, the optimal dosage of Bopu powder additive was 25–50 mg/kg.
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13
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Peng MJ, Huang T, Yang QL, Peng S, Jin YX, Wang XS. Dietary supplementation Eucommia ulmoides extract at high content served as a feed additive in the hens industry. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101650. [PMID: 35121531 PMCID: PMC8814652 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since numerous natural components in Eucommia ulmoides belong to phytoestrogen, its effect on hens production deserve more attention. To investigate the potential of E. ulmoides extract used as a feed additive, laying performance, egg quality, yolk cholesterol, yolk fatty acids, yolk fatty, yolk volatile components, albumen amino acids, plasma biochemical parameters, intestinal histology, and gut microbiota of hens (n = 120) were determined between basal diet (A) and dietary supplementation low (B), middle (C), and high (D) level E. ulmoides extract for 11 wk. When compared to A group, 2 percentage points elevation in laying rate was observed of D group. Significant up-regulation of immunoglobulin indexes and down-regulation of lipid related indexes in D group were also found if comparison with A group, suggesting that supplementation E. ulmoides extract at a relative high content benefited in immunity enhancing and blood-fat depressing. Meanwhile, obvious variation in albumen amino acids and yolk volatile compounds were inspected as dietary supplementation E. ulmoides extract, especially in D group, implied that the flavor of egg would change under high-level E. ulmoides extract treatment. Besides, villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum in D group were also significantly higher than that of in A group, indicating high-level E. ulmoides extract contributed to nutrient adsorption via intestinal histology changing. Moreover, the richness, diversity, and composition of gut microbiota in D group also significantly altered with a comparison of A group. These variation caused gut microbiota in D group major enriched in the KEGG pathway of insulin signing pathway, systemic lupus erythematosus, and bacterial invasion of epithelial cells, which were conducive to egg production elevation via facilitating nutrient adsorption, inflammation relieving, blood lipid amelioration, and insulin resistance alleviation. These results indicated that dietary supplementation E. ulmoides extract at high content could serve as a feed additive in the hens industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Jun Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous Chemicals, Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China National Analytical Center, Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous Chemicals, Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China National Analytical Center, Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Qiu-Ling Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous Chemicals, Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China National Analytical Center, Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Sheng Peng
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory of Integrative Utilization Technology of Eucommia Ulmoides Jishou University, Jishou 427000, China
| | - Yu-Xin Jin
- Guangdong Zhongkangyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Huizhou 516001, China
| | - Xue-Song Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous Chemicals, Institute of Analysis, Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China National Analytical Center, Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510070, China.
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Effects of dietary supplementation with Ampelopsis grossedentata extract on production performance and body health of hens. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:45. [PMID: 35015154 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03044-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the potential of Ampelopsis grossedentata extract used as a feed additive, laying performance, egg quality, yolk cholesterol, plasma biochemical parameters, intestinal histology, and gut microbiota of hens (n = 60) were determined between basal diet (CK) and dietary supplementation with A. grossedentata extract (RT) for 11 weeks. The laying rate in RT group was 6.3 percentage points higher than in CK group together with feed conversion rate decreasing. Significant upregulation of immunoglobulin indexes and downregulation of lipid-related indexes in RT group were also found in comparison with CK group, suggesting that dietary supplementation with A. grossedentata extract benefited in immunity enhancing and blood-fat depressing. Meanwhile, the villus height in duodenum and villus height to crypt depth ratio in duodenum and jejunum of RT group were significantly higher than that of CK group, indicating that dietary supplementation with A. grossedentata extract facilitated nutrient adsorption via intestinal histology changing. Moreover, the richness, diversity, and composition of gut microbiota in RT group significantly altered with a comparison of CK group, including beneficial bacterium and pathogenic bacterium, revealing that dietary supplementation with A. grossedentata extract could modify gut microbiota communities to affect intestinal adsorption and pathogen invasion. In addition, the lipid metabolism-related insulin signing pathway was significantly enriched by gut microbiota in RT group, which were conducive to egg production elevation via facilitating blood lipid amelioration and insulin resistance alleviation. These results provided a basis for A. grossedentata extract served as a feed additive in the hen industry.
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Phytogenic Feed Additives in Poultry: Achievements, Prospective and Challenges. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123471. [PMID: 34944248 PMCID: PMC8698016 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Plant secondary metabolites and essential oils also known as phytogenics are biologically active compounds that have recently attracted increased interest as feed additives in poultry production, due to their ability to promote feed efficiency by enhancing the production of digestive secretions and nutrient absorption, reduce pathogenic load in the gut, exert antioxidant properties and decrease the microbial burden on the animal’s immune status. However, the mechanisms are far from being fully elucidated. Better understanding the interaction of phytogenics with gastrointestinal function and health as well as other feed ingredients/additives is crucial to design potentially cost-effective blends. Abstract Phytogenic feed additives have been largely tested in poultry production with the aim to identify their effects on the gastrointestinal function and health, and their implications on the birds’ systemic health and welfare, the production efficiency of flocks, food safety, and environmental impact. These feed additives originating from plants, and consisting of herbs, spices, fruit, and other plant parts, include many different bioactive ingredients. Reviewing published documents about the supplementation of phytogenic feed additives reveals contradictory results regarding their effectiveness in poultry production. This indicates that more effort is still needed to determine the appropriate inclusion levels and fully elucidate their mode of actions. In this frame, this review aimed to sum up the current trends in the use of phytogenic feed additives in poultry with a special focus on their interaction with gut ecosystem, gut function, in vivo oxidative status and immune system as well as other feed additives, especially organic acids.
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