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Yilmaz E, Gul M. Effects of essential oils on heat-stressed poultry: A review. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024. [PMID: 38808374 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
While certain animal species are sensitive to heat stress, poultry particularly modern breeds, are more susceptible to high ambient temperatures. This has major implications for the poultry industry, as heat stress causes large financial losses. These economic losses will probably increase as a consequence of a predicted rise in global temperatures. Heat stress adversely affects various aspects of poultry, including physiological responses, growth and production performance, meat quality, egg quality, and reproductive activities. These effects occur through specific molecular and metabolic pathways. To mitigate the impacts of heat stress, it is crucial to go beyond administrative practices and implement dietary interventions during high ambient temperature. Such interventions aim to optimize the development of stressed bird species in terms of performance, health, and profitability. Essential oils have shown promising in mitigating the negative effects of heat stress and improved antioxidant status, growth and yield performance, as well as meat and egg quality in poultry. They actively participate in certain metabolic and molecular pathways that help to counteract the effects of heat stress. The article discusses the impacts of essential oil supplementation on the relationships between antioxidant enzyme activity, these molecular, and metabolic pathways, as well as various parameters such as growth and yield performance, and product quality heat-stressed poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Yilmaz
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Gul
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
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2
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Kang H, Wang Q, Yu H, Guo Q, Weber LI, Wu W, Lepp D, Cui SW, Diarra MS, Liu H, Shao S, Gong J. Validating the use of a newly developed cinnamaldehyde product in commercial broiler production. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103625. [PMID: 38507831 PMCID: PMC10966097 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) have been considered as an alternative to antibiotics for animal production. In the current study, 4 trials were conducted on a commercial broiler farm to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of an encapsulated cinnamon EO product (NE-OFF) on the bird growth performance, gut health, and gene expression in the ileum, spleen, and liver relating to the host response to heat and other stresses, including potential NE challenge. In each trial, approximately 30,000 Cobb or Ross broilers were randomly allocated to 4 treatments: a raised without antibiotics (RWA) commercial diet as positive control, an adjusted RWA commercial diet as negative control, and the negative control diet supplemented with 2 different dosages of NE-OFF, which was added during feed pelleting. Although the final average body weight did not differ significantly among treatment groups, birds fed NE-OFF had an increased ratio of villus height and crypt depth in the jejunum, and reduced fecal oocyst counts. Trial 2 was conducted in the summer and had a necrotic enteritis (NE) outbreak. The supplementation of NE-OFF reduced the NE incidence and bird mortality. The samples from Trial 2 were hence selected for the analyses of Clostridium perfringens and NetB toxin gene abundance in the ileum, and host responses. The C. perfringens population appeared to be positively correlated with the NetB gene abundance. The gene expression analysis suggested that NE-OFF supplementation improved nutrient absorption and transportation as well as antioxidant activities to help the birds against stress. These on-farm trial results support the hypothesis that the use of NE-OFF as a feed additive can improve bird gut health and performance in commercial broiler production, especially for preventing NE outbreaks when birds are under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Kang
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 5C9 Canada
| | - Qi Wang
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 5C9 Canada
| | - Hai Yu
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 5C9 Canada
| | - Qian Guo
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 5C9 Canada
| | - LIoyd Weber
- LEL Farms Ltd., Guelph, Ontario, N1L 1G3 Canada
| | - Wendy Wu
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 5C9 Canada
| | - Dion Lepp
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 5C9 Canada
| | - Steve W Cui
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 5C9 Canada
| | - Moussa S Diarra
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 5C9 Canada
| | - Huaizhi Liu
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 5C9 Canada
| | - Suqin Shao
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 5C9 Canada
| | - Joshua Gong
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 5C9 Canada.
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3
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Henrique Moniz AM, Xavier Junior FH, Melo Martins Silva G, Reis de Melo ACG, Silva MMCL, Paiva WS, Rocha HAO, da Costa LAMA, Melo Filho AAD, Oliveira RDP. Lippia origanoides essential oil increases longevity and ameliorates β-amyloid peptide-induced toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-9. [PMID: 38041623 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2287183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Lippia origanoides essential oil (LOEO) is extensively utilised as food preservative due to its antioxidant and antibacterial activities. In this study, the antioxidant and anti-ageing effects of LOEO was investigated in vivo using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis indicated that the main components of LOEO are carvacrol and thymol. LOEO treatment improved physiological parameters such as pharyngeal pumping, locomotion and body size indicating that is not toxic to C. elegans. LOEO treatment showed antioxidant effect in C. elegans by reducing endogenous ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) production and increasing their survival under oxidative stress. Finally, LOEO treatment significantly extended C. elegans lifespan and alleviated the paralysis induced by β-amyloid peptide overexpression in the muscle. This work demonstrates for the first time LOEO antioxidant and anti-ageing properties on an organism level providing a valuable proof of principle to support further studies in the development of nutraceuticals or antioxidant phytotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Henrique Moniz
- Rede Norte de Biotecnologia (BIONORTE), Universidade Federal de Roraima, Boa Vista, Brazil
- Secretaria Estadual de Educação e Cultura (SEED), Boa Vista, Brazil
- Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdades Cathedral, Boa Vista, Brazil
| | - Francisco Humberto Xavier Junior
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos (PPGPNSB), Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Cristina Gonçalves Reis de Melo
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Pós-graduação em Ciências e Tecnologia, Laboratório de Química Ambiental e Automação e Instrumentação, Universidade Federal de Roraima, Boa Vista, Brazil
| | | | - Weslley Souza Paiva
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Hugo Alexandre Oliveira Rocha
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Luiz Antônio Mendonça Alves da Costa
- Rede Norte de Biotecnologia (BIONORTE), Universidade Federal de Roraima, Boa Vista, Brazil
- Departamento de química, Universidade Federal de Roraima, Boa Vista, Brazil
| | - Antônio Alves de Melo Filho
- Rede Norte de Biotecnologia (BIONORTE), Universidade Federal de Roraima, Boa Vista, Brazil
- Departamento de química, Universidade Federal de Roraima, Boa Vista, Brazil
| | - Riva de Paula Oliveira
- Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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Maynard CJ, Maynard CW, Mullenix GJ, Ramser A, Greene ES, Bedford MR, Dridi S. Impact of Phytase Supplementation on Meat Quality of Heat-Stressed Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2043. [PMID: 37370553 DOI: 10.3390/ani13122043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) is one of the most challenging stressors to poultry production sustainability. The adverse effects of HS range from feed intake and growth depression to alteration of meat quality and safety. As phytase supplementation is known to improve nutrient utilization and consequently growth, we undertook the present study to evaluate the effects of dietary phytase on growth and meat quality in heat-stressed broilers. A total of 720 day-old hatch Cobb 500 chicks were assigned to 24 pens within controlled environmental chambers and fed three diets: Negative Control (NC), Positive Control (PC), and NC diet supplemented with 2000 phytase units (FTU)/kg) of quantum blue (QB). On day 29, birds were exposed to two environmental conditions: thermoneutral (TN, 25 °C) or cyclic heat stress (HS, 35 °C, 8 h/d from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.) in a 3 × 2 factorial design. Feed intake (FI), water consumption (WI), body weight (BW), and mortality were recorded. On day 42, birds were processed, carcass parts were weighed, and meat quality was assessed. Breast tissues were collected for determining the expression of target genes by real-time quantitative PCR using the 2-ΔΔCt method. HS significantly increased core body temperature, reduced feed intake and BW, increased water intake (WI), elevated blood parameters (pH, SO2, and iCa), and decreased blood pCO2. HS reduced the incidence of woody breast (WB) and white striping (WS), significantly decreased drip loss, and increased both 4- and 24-h postmortem pH. Instrumental L* and b* values were reduced (p < 0.05) by the environmental temperature at both 4- and 24-h postmortem. QB supplementation reduced birds' core body temperature induced by HS and improved the FCR and water conversion ratio (WCR) by 1- and 0.5-point, respectively, compared to PC under HS. QB increased blood SO2 and reduced the severity of WB and WS under TN conditions, but it increased it under an HS environment. The abovementioned effects were probably mediated through the modulation of monocarboxylate transporter 1, heat shock protein 70, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and/or glutathione peroxidase 1 gene expression, however, further mechanistic studies are warranted. In summary, QB supplementation improved growth performance and reduced muscle myopathy incidence under TN conditions. Under HS conditions, however, QB improved growth performance but increased the incidence of muscle myopathies. Therefore, further QB titration studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clay J Maynard
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Craig W Maynard
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
- Bell & Evans, Fredericksburg, PA 17026, USA
| | - Garrett J Mullenix
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Alison Ramser
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Greene
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | | | - Sami Dridi
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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Señas-Cuesta R, Stein A, Latorre JD, Maynard CJ, Hernandez-Velasco X, Petrone-Garcia V, Greene ES, Coles M, Gray L, Laverty L, Martin K, Loeza I, Uribe AJ, Martínez BC, Angel-Isaza JA, Graham D, Owens CM, Hargis BM, Tellez-Isaias G. The effects of essential oil from Lippia origanoides and herbal betaine on performance, intestinal integrity, bone mineralization and meat quality in broiler chickens subjected to cyclic heat stress. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1184636. [PMID: 37324386 PMCID: PMC10266421 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1184636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EO) affect performance, intestinal integrity, bone mineralization, and meat quality in broiler chickens subjected to cyclic heat stress (HS). Day-of-hatch Cobb 500 male broiler chicks (n = 475) were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1: No heat stress (Thermoneutral) + control diets with no antibiotics; Group 2: heat stress control + control diets; Group 3: heat stress + control diets supplemented with thymol chemotype (45 ppm) and herbal betaine (150 ppm) formulation EO1; Group 4: heat stress + control diets supplemented with phellandrene (45 ppm) and herbal betaine (150 ppm) formulation EO2. From day 10-42, the heat stress groups were exposed to cyclic HS at 35°C for 12 h (8:00-20:00). BW, BWG, FI, and FCRc were measured at d 0, 10, 28, and 42. Chickens were orally gavaged with FITC-d on days 10 (before heat stress) and 42. Morphometric analysis of duodenum and ileum samples and bone mineralization of tibias were done. Meat quality was assessed on day 43 with ten chickens per pen per treatment. Heat stress reduced BW by day 28 (p < 0.05) compared to thermoneutral chickens. At the end of the trial, chickens that received both formulations of EO1 and EO2 had significantly higher BW than HS control chickens. A similar trend was observed for BWG. FCRc was impaired by EO2 supplementation. There was a significant increase in total mortality in EO2 compared with EO1 EO1 chickens had lower FITC-d concentrations at day 42 than the HS control. In addition, EO1 treatment is not statistically different if compared to EO2 and thermoneutral. Control HS broilers had significantly lower tibia breaking strength and total ash at day 42 than heat-stressed chickens supplemented with EO1 and EO2. Heat stress affected intestinal morphology more than thermoneutral chickens. EO1 and EO2 improved intestinal morphology in heat-stressed chickens. Woody breast and white striping were more common in thermoneutral chickens than heat stress chickens. In conclusion, the EO-containing diet could improve broiler chicken growth during cyclic heat stress, becoming increasingly relevant in antibiotic-free production in harsh climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Señas-Cuesta
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Andressa Stein
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Juan D. Latorre
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Clay J. Maynard
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Victor Petrone-Garcia
- Departamento de Ciencias Pecuarias, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán UNAM, Cuautitlán, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth S. Greene
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Makenly Coles
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Latasha Gray
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Lauren Laverty
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Kristen Martin
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Ileana Loeza
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | | | | | | | - Danielle Graham
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Casey M. Owens
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Billy M. Hargis
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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Gümüş R, Kara A, Özkanlar S, İmik H, Celep NA. Effects of dietary thyme and rosemary essential oils on biochemical parameters, anti-oxidant metabolism, small intestinal morphology and myofiber structure of superficial pectoral and biceps femoris muscles in broilers. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2023; 14:249-257. [PMID: 37342290 PMCID: PMC10278904 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2022.549989.3410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed at determining the effects of dietary supplementation with thyme essential oil (TEO) and rosemary essential oil (REO) on blood parameters, the anti-oxidant metabolism in the liver, breast and drumstick muscle tissues, the morphology of the small intestine, and the myofibril structure of the superficial pectoral and biceps femoris muscles. For this purpose, 400 three-day-old male Ross 308 chicks were used. Five groups, each comprising 80 broilers, were established. The control group was fed on a basal diet alone and groups thyme-1, thyme-2, rosemary-1 and rosemary-2 received basal diets supplemented with 0.15 g kg-1 of TEO, 0.30 g kg-1 of TEO, 0.10 g kg-1 of REO and 0.20 g kg-1 of REO, respectively. The serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels were decreased significantly in group thyme-1. Dietary TEO and REO significantly increased glutathione levels in all tissues. Drumstick catalase activity was significantly increased in groups thyme-1, thyme-2 and rosemary-2. Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly increased in the breast muscle of all groups that received dietary TEO and REO. Histomorphometrical analyses demonstrated that dietary supplementation with TEO and REO increased both crypt depth and villus height in the small intestine. In result, the tested doses of dietary TEO and REO were ascertained to improve the intestinal morphology and to increase the anti-oxidant metabolism mainly in the breast muscle, the drumstick muscle and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Recep Gümüş
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Türkiye;
| | - Adem Kara
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Türkiye;
| | - Seçkin Özkanlar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye;
| | - Halit İmik
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye;
| | - Nevra Aydemir Celep
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Türkiye.
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El-Ghareeb WR, Kishawy ATY, Anter RGA, Aboelabbas Gouda A, Abdelaziz WS, Alhawas B, Meligy AMA, Abdel-Raheem SM, Ismail H, Ibrahim D. Novel Antioxidant Insights of Myricetin on the Performance of Broiler Chickens and Alleviating Experimental Infection with Eimeria spp.: Crosstalk between Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051026. [PMID: 37237892 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the modern poultry industry, the application of novel phytogenic bioactive compounds with antioxidant potential aims to enhance productivity and quality and to minimize the stress of associated diseases. Herein, myricetin, a natural flavonoid, was evaluated for the first time on broiler chickens' performance, antioxidants and immune modulating functions, and tackling avian coccidiosis. A total of 500 one-day-old chicks were divided into five groups. The negative (NC) and infected control (IC) groups were fed a control diet without additives, and the latter was infected with Eimeria spp. Groups supplemented with myricetin (Myc) were fed a control diet of Myc (200, 400 and 600 mg/kg diet each). On d 14, all chicks except those in NC were challenged with oocysts of mixed Eimeria spp. Significant improvements in the overall growth rate and feed conversion ratio were detected in the group that was fed 600 mg/kg, unlike the IC group. Notably, groups that were fed 400 and 600 mg/kg showed higher total meat antioxidant capacity with an inverse reduction in oxidative and lipid peroxidation biomarkers (hydrogen peroxide: H2O2; reactive oxygen species: ROS; Malondialdehyde: MDA). Of note, the upregulation of glutathione peroxidase; GSH-Px, catalase; CAT, superoxide dismutase; SOD, heme oxygenase-1; HO-1 and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1 NQO1 genes in jejunum and muscle were prominently observed with increasing levels of supplemental Myc. At 21 dpi, the severity of coccoidal lesions (p < 0.05) induced by mixed Eimeria spp. and oocyst excretion were greatly reduced in the group that was fed 600 mg/kg of Myc. In the IC group, higher serum levels of C-reactive protein; CRP and nitric oxide; and NO and the upregulated expression of inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin-1β; IL-1β, interleukin-6; IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α; TNF-α, chemotactic cytokines; CCL20, stromal cell-derived factor-1; CXCL13, and avian defensins; AvBD612) were subsided in higher levels in the Myc-fed groups. Taken together, these findings indicate the promising antioxidant role of Myc in modulating immune responses and reducing growth depression associated with coccidia challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Rizk El-Ghareeb
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Hofuf 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Asmaa T Y Kishawy
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Reham G A Anter
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Aboelabbas Gouda
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Walaa S Abdelaziz
- Avian and Rabbit Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Bassam Alhawas
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Hofuf 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M A Meligy
- Department of Clinical Science, Central Lab, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Hofuf 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physiology, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12511, Egypt
| | - Sherief M Abdel-Raheem
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Hofuf 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Hesham Ismail
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Hofuf 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Food Hygiene Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Doaa Ibrahim
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
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8
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Growth performance and carcass traits of two commercial broiler strains fed diet supplemented with essential oils. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12094. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
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9
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Combination of Cinnamaldehyde with Carvacrol or Thymol Improves the Mechanical Properties of Tibia in Post-Peak Laying Hens. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223108. [PMID: 36428337 PMCID: PMC9687002 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Roles of plant-derived cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, and thymol in the gut and bone health of laying hens was evaluated in the present study. After acclimation for 2 weeks, a total 384 of 52-week-old laying hens were allocated into three groups for 6 weeks: (1) basal diet group (Ctrl), (2) combination of cinnamaldehyde with carvacrol group (CAR+CIN), and (3) blend of cinnamaldehyde with thymol (THY+CIN). The dietary essential oil level was 100 mg/kg. Each treatment group had eight replicate pens (16 birds/pen). The stiffness and ultimate load of the tibiae from both the CAR+CIN and THY+CIN groups were higher than that of the Ctrl group (p < 0.05), along with comparable tibia ash, calcium, and phosphorus content among groups. At the same time, the manipulation of essential oils upregulated the transcription abundances of intestinal barrier proteins to varying degrees, whereas the experimental treatment failed to affect the composition in phyla of cecal microbiota. When compared to the Ctrl group, birds fed the CAR+CIN and THY+CIN diet displayed decreased bone resorption markers, reduced interleukin-1 concentrations, and increased transforming growth factor beta levels in serum. These findings suggest that cinnamaldehyde with carvacrol or thymol in feed of hens could enhance intestinal barrier and improve the mechanical properties of tibiae through structural modelling but not increase the mineral density, which might be involved in suppressing inflammation-mediated bone resorption.
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10
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Rocchi A, Ruff J, Maynard CJ, Forga AJ, Señas-Cuesta R, Greene ES, Latorre JD, Vuong CN, Graham BD, Hernandez-Velasco X, Tellez G, Petrone-Garcia VM, Laverty L, Hargis BM, Erf GF, Owens CM, Tellez-Isaias G. Experimental Cyclic Heat Stress on Intestinal Permeability, Bone Mineralization, Leukocyte Proportions and Meat Quality in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12101273. [PMID: 35625119 PMCID: PMC9138156 DOI: 10.3390/ani12101273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this research was to assess cyclic heat stress on gut permeability, bone mineralization, and meat quality in chickens. Two separate trials were directed. 320 day-of-hatch Cobb 500 male chicks were randomly assigned to four thermoneutral (TN) and four cyclic heat stress (HS) chambers with two pens each, providing eight replicates per treatment in each trial (n = 20 chicks/replicate). Environmental conditions in the TN group were established to simulate commercial production settings. Heat stress chickens were exposed to cyclic HS at 35 °C for 12 h/day from days 7−42. Performance parameters, intestinal permeability, bone parameters, meat quality, and leukocyte proportions were estimated. There was a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in body weight (BW), BW gain, and feed intake, but the feed conversion ratio increased in chickens under cyclic HS. Moreover, HS chickens had a significantly higher gut permeability, monocyte and basophil levels, but less bone mineralization than TN chickens. Nevertheless, the TN group had significant increases in breast yield, woody breast, and white striping in breast fillets compared to HS. These results present an alternative model to our previously published continuous HS model to better reflect commercial conditions to evaluate commercially available nutraceuticals or products with claims of reducing the severity of heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rocchi
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (A.R.); (J.R.); (C.J.M.); (A.J.F.); (R.S.-C.); (E.S.G.); (J.D.L.); (C.N.V.); (B.D.G.); (G.T.J.); (L.L.); (B.M.H.); (G.F.E.); (C.M.O.)
| | - Jared Ruff
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (A.R.); (J.R.); (C.J.M.); (A.J.F.); (R.S.-C.); (E.S.G.); (J.D.L.); (C.N.V.); (B.D.G.); (G.T.J.); (L.L.); (B.M.H.); (G.F.E.); (C.M.O.)
| | - Clay J. Maynard
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (A.R.); (J.R.); (C.J.M.); (A.J.F.); (R.S.-C.); (E.S.G.); (J.D.L.); (C.N.V.); (B.D.G.); (G.T.J.); (L.L.); (B.M.H.); (G.F.E.); (C.M.O.)
| | - Aaron J. Forga
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (A.R.); (J.R.); (C.J.M.); (A.J.F.); (R.S.-C.); (E.S.G.); (J.D.L.); (C.N.V.); (B.D.G.); (G.T.J.); (L.L.); (B.M.H.); (G.F.E.); (C.M.O.)
| | - Roberto Señas-Cuesta
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (A.R.); (J.R.); (C.J.M.); (A.J.F.); (R.S.-C.); (E.S.G.); (J.D.L.); (C.N.V.); (B.D.G.); (G.T.J.); (L.L.); (B.M.H.); (G.F.E.); (C.M.O.)
| | - Elizabeth S. Greene
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (A.R.); (J.R.); (C.J.M.); (A.J.F.); (R.S.-C.); (E.S.G.); (J.D.L.); (C.N.V.); (B.D.G.); (G.T.J.); (L.L.); (B.M.H.); (G.F.E.); (C.M.O.)
| | - Juan D. Latorre
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (A.R.); (J.R.); (C.J.M.); (A.J.F.); (R.S.-C.); (E.S.G.); (J.D.L.); (C.N.V.); (B.D.G.); (G.T.J.); (L.L.); (B.M.H.); (G.F.E.); (C.M.O.)
| | - Christine N. Vuong
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (A.R.); (J.R.); (C.J.M.); (A.J.F.); (R.S.-C.); (E.S.G.); (J.D.L.); (C.N.V.); (B.D.G.); (G.T.J.); (L.L.); (B.M.H.); (G.F.E.); (C.M.O.)
| | - Brittany D. Graham
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (A.R.); (J.R.); (C.J.M.); (A.J.F.); (R.S.-C.); (E.S.G.); (J.D.L.); (C.N.V.); (B.D.G.); (G.T.J.); (L.L.); (B.M.H.); (G.F.E.); (C.M.O.)
| | - Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Guillermo Tellez
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (A.R.); (J.R.); (C.J.M.); (A.J.F.); (R.S.-C.); (E.S.G.); (J.D.L.); (C.N.V.); (B.D.G.); (G.T.J.); (L.L.); (B.M.H.); (G.F.E.); (C.M.O.)
| | - Victor M. Petrone-Garcia
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlan, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Cuautitlan Izcalli 54121, Mexico;
| | - Lauren Laverty
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (A.R.); (J.R.); (C.J.M.); (A.J.F.); (R.S.-C.); (E.S.G.); (J.D.L.); (C.N.V.); (B.D.G.); (G.T.J.); (L.L.); (B.M.H.); (G.F.E.); (C.M.O.)
| | - Billy M. Hargis
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (A.R.); (J.R.); (C.J.M.); (A.J.F.); (R.S.-C.); (E.S.G.); (J.D.L.); (C.N.V.); (B.D.G.); (G.T.J.); (L.L.); (B.M.H.); (G.F.E.); (C.M.O.)
| | - Gisela F. Erf
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (A.R.); (J.R.); (C.J.M.); (A.J.F.); (R.S.-C.); (E.S.G.); (J.D.L.); (C.N.V.); (B.D.G.); (G.T.J.); (L.L.); (B.M.H.); (G.F.E.); (C.M.O.)
| | - Casey M. Owens
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (A.R.); (J.R.); (C.J.M.); (A.J.F.); (R.S.-C.); (E.S.G.); (J.D.L.); (C.N.V.); (B.D.G.); (G.T.J.); (L.L.); (B.M.H.); (G.F.E.); (C.M.O.)
| | - Guillermo Tellez-Isaias
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; (A.R.); (J.R.); (C.J.M.); (A.J.F.); (R.S.-C.); (E.S.G.); (J.D.L.); (C.N.V.); (B.D.G.); (G.T.J.); (L.L.); (B.M.H.); (G.F.E.); (C.M.O.)
- Correspondence:
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Tellez-Isaias G, Latorre JD. Editorial: Alternatives to Antimicrobial Growth Promoters and Their Impact in Gut Microbiota, Health and Disease: Volume II. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:857583. [PMID: 35310415 PMCID: PMC8926388 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.857583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Shehata AA, Yalçın S, Latorre JD, Basiouni S, Attia YA, Abd El-Wahab A, Visscher C, El-Seedi HR, Huber C, Hafez HM, Eisenreich W, Tellez-Isaias G. Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Phytogenic Substances for Optimizing Gut Health in Poultry. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020395. [PMID: 35208851 PMCID: PMC8877156 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota has been designated as a hidden metabolic ‘organ’ because of its enormous impact on host metabolism, physiology, nutrition, and immune function. The connection between the intestinal microbiota and their respective host animals is dynamic and, in general, mutually beneficial. This complicated interaction is seen as a determinant of health and disease; thus, intestinal dysbiosis is linked with several metabolic diseases. Therefore, tractable strategies targeting the regulation of intestinal microbiota can control several diseases that are closely related to inflammatory and metabolic disorders. As a result, animal health and performance are improved. One of these strategies is related to dietary supplementation with prebiotics, probiotics, and phytogenic substances. These supplements exert their effects indirectly through manipulation of gut microbiota quality and improvement in intestinal epithelial barrier. Several phytogenic substances, such as berberine, resveratrol, curcumin, carvacrol, thymol, isoflavones and hydrolyzed fibers, have been identified as potential supplements that may also act as welcome means to reduce the usage of antibiotics in feedstock, including poultry farming, through manipulation of the gut microbiome. In addition, these compounds may improve the integrity of tight junctions by controlling tight junction-related proteins and inflammatory signaling pathways in the host animals. In this review, we discuss the role of probiotics, prebiotics, and phytogenic substances in optimizing gut function in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awad A. Shehata
- Research and Development Section, PerNaturam GmbH, 56290 Gödenroth, Germany
- Avian and Rabbit Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.A.S.); (G.T.-I.)
| | - Sakine Yalçın
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University (AU), 06110 Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Juan D. Latorre
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - Shereen Basiouni
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt;
| | - Youssef A. Attia
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amr Abd El-Wahab
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30173 Hannover, Germany; (A.A.E.-W.); (C.V.)
- Department of Nutrition and Nutritional Deficiency Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Christian Visscher
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30173 Hannover, Germany; (A.A.E.-W.); (C.V.)
| | - Hesham R. El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy Group, Biomedical Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, SE 75124 Uppsala, Sweden;
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing, Jiangsu Education Department, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Claudia Huber
- Bavarian NMR Center, Structural Membrane Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbegstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany; (C.H.); (W.E.)
| | - Hafez M. Hafez
- Institute of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Free University of Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Wolfgang Eisenreich
- Bavarian NMR Center, Structural Membrane Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbegstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany; (C.H.); (W.E.)
| | - Guillermo Tellez-Isaias
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
- Correspondence: (A.A.S.); (G.T.-I.)
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Hu J, Mohammed A, Murugesan G, Cheng H. Effect of a synbiotic supplement as an antibiotic alternative on broiler skeletal, physiological, and oxidative parameters under heat stress. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101769. [PMID: 35247651 PMCID: PMC8892129 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine if synbiotics can function as alternatives to antibiotics in broiler production under heat stress (HS). Day-old broiler chicks (528 birds) were randomly placed in floor pens within 2 identical temperature-controlled rooms (11 birds/pen and 24 pens/room). The pens of each room were evenly divided among 3 treatments (n = 8): basal diet (CON), the basal diet mixed with 50 ppm of bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD) or a synbiotic (50 ppm of PoultryStar meUS, SYN). From d 15, room 2 was under thermoneutral (TN) conditions (TN-CON, TN-BMD, and TN-SYN), while HS was applied to room 1 at 32oC for 9 hrs/d (0800 to 1700) (HS-CON, HS-BMD, and HS-SYN). Treatment effects on footpad dermatitis and gait score were measured on 5 birds/pen, and latency to lie (LTL) test was measured on 2 birds/pen at d 27 and d 41; and 1 broiler/pen was sampled on d 28 and d 42, respectively. Body, liver, and spleen weight were determined. Plasma levels of interleukins (IL), heat shock protein 70, immunoglobulin (Ig)Y, liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzyme activities were examined. Heat stress suppressed BW and IgY concentrations on both d 28 and d 42, while suppressed plasma IL-6 concentrations, SOD activities, and LTL duration on d 28 only (P < 0.05). Among all treatments, SYN birds had the best foot and skeletal health scores on both d 27 and d 41 (P < 0.05). On d 42, SYN increased BW, and TN-SYN birds had higher relative spleen weight than both TN-BMD and TN-CON birds (P < 0.05). Antibiotic BMD increased BW (P < 0.05) but decreased SOD activities (P < 0.05) on d 42. These results indicate that the SYN supplementation decreases HS negative effect on broilers by improving BW, foot, and skeletal health, while BMD improves BW but also increases oxidative stress in broilers. The data suggest that synbiotic supplement may function as an alternative to antibiotics in broiler production during summer seasons, especially in the tropical and subtropical regions.
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Vuong CN, Mullenix GJ, Kidd MT, Bottje WG, Hargis BM, Tellez-Isaias G. Research Note: Modified serum fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-d) assay procedure to determine intestinal permeability in poultry fed diets high in natural or synthetic pigments. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101138. [PMID: 33975047 PMCID: PMC8131737 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral administration of fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-d) has been used as an indicator for intestinal permeability in poultry research for several years. Under healthy conditions, tight junctions in the intestinal wall will not allow the 4-6kDa FITC-d to enter the bloodstream. Detection of FITC-d in serum (1-hour post-oral administration of FITC-d) has proven to be a reliable indicator of leaky gut syndrome (increased intestinal inflammation and disruption of tight junctions). Administration of supplementary phytobiotics in feed, particularly products with high beta-carotene levels or other pigments, has resulted in strong serum background fluorescence, which can render this assay unreliable. To account for this increase in background autofluorescence, the FITC-d assay procedure has been modified to accommodate these particular serum samples by including pre-administration serum collection from each treatment group to remove background fluorescence. The modified FITC-d procedure detailed will allow for analysis of intestinal permeability in pigmented serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine N Vuong
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas: Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
| | - Garrett J Mullenix
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas: Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Michael T Kidd
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas: Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Walter G Bottje
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas: Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Billy M Hargis
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas: Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Guillermo Tellez-Isaias
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas: Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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