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Huang Y, Wang P, Peng W, Law JCF, Zhang L, Shi H, Zhang Y, Leung KSY. Co-exposure to organic UV filters and phthalates and their associations with oxidative stress levels in children: A prospective follow-up study in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167433. [PMID: 37774881 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Children are highly vulnerable to environmental pollutants, especially endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Previous research has linked both organic UV filters and phthalates exposure to adiposity and pubertal development in children. Nevertheless, the individual and collective effects of these chemicals on this population remain poorly understood. In this study, twelve organic UV filters and metabolites, six phthalate metabolites and two oxidative stress biomarkers were analyzed in a prospective follow-up study in Shanghai, China after a baseline study conducted 1.5 years earlier. Results revealed a positive association between exposure to individual organic UV filters or their mixture and levels of 8-OHdG (β ranging from 0.242 to 0.588, P < 0.05), a marker of oxidative DNA damage. BP-3 and OD-PABA made a greater contribution to oxidative DNA damage than other UV filters. Levels of 8-OHdG were also positively correlated with single phthalate metabolites and their mixture, with MnBP and MMP contributing the most. Stratified analysis found that these associations were mainly observed in girls. Our mixture analysis revealed cumulative risks of oxidative DNA damage when there was co-exposure to these two kinds of EDCs. These results underscore the importance of considering the risks associated with organic UV filters and the necessity of evaluating the effects of all these pollutants, both individually and in mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanran Huang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, P. R. China
| | - Pengpeng Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weiyu Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, P. R. China
| | - Japhet Cheuk-Fung Law
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, P. R. China
| | - Liyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, China
| | - Huijing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, China
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, China.
| | - Kelvin Sze-Yin Leung
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, P. R. China; HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen Virtual University Park, Shenzhen, China.
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Scheele A, Sutter K, Karatum O, Danley-Thomson AA, Redfern LK. Environmental impacts of the ultraviolet filter oxybenzone. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 863:160966. [PMID: 36535482 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Organic UV filters are emerging contaminants with increasing evidence of their negative impact on environmental health and water quality. One of the most common and environmentally relevant organic UV filters is oxybenzone (OBZ). While much of the initial focus has been on investigating the interaction of OBZ with coral reefs, there have been several recent studies that indicate that organic UV filters are affecting other environmental endpoints, including marine animals, algae, and plants. OBZ has been found to bioaccumulate in marine animals such as fish and mussels and then potentially acting as an endocrine disruptor. In plants, exposure to OBZ has been associated with decreased photosynthesis, inhibited seed germination, and impaired plant growth. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the environmental impacts of OBZ and suggest potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Scheele
- Department of Bioengineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL 33965, United States of America
| | - Kimberly Sutter
- Department of Bioengineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL 33965, United States of America
| | - Osman Karatum
- Department of Bioengineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL 33965, United States of America
| | - Ashley A Danley-Thomson
- Department of Bioengineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL 33965, United States of America
| | - Lauren K Redfern
- Department of Bioengineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL 33965, United States of America.
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Immunity in Sea Turtles: Review of a Host-Pathogen Arms Race Millions of Years in the Running. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040556. [PMID: 36830343 PMCID: PMC9951749 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system of sea turtles is not completely understood. Sea turtles (as reptiles) bridge a unique evolutionary gap, being ectothermic vertebrates like fish and amphibians and amniotes like birds and mammals. Turtles are ectotherms; thus, their immune system is influenced by environmental conditions like temperature and season. We aim to review the turtle immune system and note what studies have investigated sea turtles and the effect of the environment on the immune response. Turtles rely heavily on the nonspecific innate response rather than the specific adaptive response. Turtles' innate immune effectors include antimicrobial peptides, complement, and nonspecific leukocytes. The antiviral defense is understudied in terms of the diversity of pathogen receptors and interferon function. Turtles also mount adaptive responses to pathogens. Lymphoid structures responsible for lymphocyte activation and maturation are either missing in reptiles or function is affected by season. Turtles are a marker of health for their marine environment, and their immune system is commonly dysregulated because of disease or contaminants. Fibropapillomatosis (FP) is a tumorous disease that afflicts sea turtles and is thought to be caused by a virus and an environmental factor. We aim, by exploring the current understanding of the immune system in turtles, to aid the investigation of environmental factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease and provide options for immunotherapy.
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