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Park J, Lee D, Hong YJ, Hwang CY, Hyun JE. Outbreaks of nosocomial feline calicivirus-associated virulent systemic disease in Korea. J Vet Sci 2024; 25:e51. [PMID: 39083203 PMCID: PMC11291428 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.24030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Feline calicivirus (FCV)-associated viral systemic disease (VSD) is a severe systemic disease caused by virulent FCV strains and has a very poor prognosis. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical characteristics of a nosocomial FCV-VSD outbreak involving 18 cats in Korea. METHODS Medical records of cats diagnosed with FCV-VSD from March to September 2018 at a referral veterinary hospital were reviewed. The patient's signalment, history, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis were evaluated. RESULTS Two outbreaks involving 18 cats diagnosed with FCV-VSD occurred over a 6-month period at a referral hospital in Korea. Anorexia, lethargy, fever, and limb edema were the most commonly observed clinical symptoms. Lymphopenia and macrothrombocytopenia were the most common hematological findings, and hyperbilirubinemia and increased levels of aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, and serum amyloid A were the most frequent results of serum biochemistry. FCV was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in 11 patients and the remaining 7 were suspected with FCV-VSD. The overall mortality rate was 72.2%. The hospital was closed and disinfected twice, and no additional outbreaks have occurred since the last patient. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The clinical and diagnostic characteristics and outcomes of FCV-VSD described in this study can be used to recognize and contain infectious diseases through quick action. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a nosocomial outbreak of FCV-VSD in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghoon Park
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Western Animal Medical Center, Seoul 04101, Korea
- Laboratory of Veterinary Dermatology and the Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Dohyun Lee
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Western Animal Medical Center, Seoul 04101, Korea
| | - Yeon-Jung Hong
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Western Animal Medical Center, Seoul 04101, Korea
| | - Cheol-Yong Hwang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Dermatology and the Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jae-Eun Hyun
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
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Wei Y, Zeng Q, Gou H, Bao S. Update on feline calicivirus: viral evolution, pathogenesis, epidemiology, prevention and control. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1388420. [PMID: 38756726 PMCID: PMC11096512 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1388420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a prevalent and impactful viral pathogen affecting domestic cats. As an RNA virus, FCV exhibits high mutability and genetic plasticity, enabling its persistence within cat populations. Viral genetic diversity is associated with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic infections and mild oral and upper respiratory tract diseases to the potential development of virulent systemic, and even fatal conditions. This diversity poses distinctive challenges in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases caused by FCV. Over the past four decades, research has significantly deepened understanding of this pathogen, with an emphasis on molecular biology, evolutionary dynamics, vaccine development, and disease management strategies. This review discusses various facets of FCV, including its genomic structure, evolution, innate immunity, pathogenesis, epidemiology, and approaches to disease management. FCV remains a complex and evolving concern in feline health, requiring continuous research to enhance understanding of its genetic diversity, to improve vaccine efficacy, and to explore novel treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Huitian Gou
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shijun Bao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Yan Y, Yang M, Jiao Y, Li L, Liu Z, Shi J, Shen Z, Peng G. Drug screening identified that handelin inhibits feline calicivirus infection by inhibiting HSP70 expression in vitro. J Gen Virol 2024; 105. [PMID: 38175184 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Feline calicivirus (FCV) is considered one of the major pathogens of cats worldwide and causes upper respiratory tract disease in all cats. In some cats, infection is by a highly virulent strain of FCV (vs.-FCV), which can cause severe and fatal systemic disease symptoms. At present, few antiviral drugs are approved for clinical treatment against FCV. Therefore, there is an imminent need for effective FCV antiviral agents. Here, we used observed a cytopathic effect (CPE) assay to screen 1746 traditional Chinese medicine monomer compounds and found one that can effectively inhibit FCV replication, namely, handelin, with an effective concentration (EC50) value of approximately 2.5 µM. Further study showed that handelin inhibits FCV replication via interference with heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), which is a crucial host factor and plays a positive role in regulating viral replication. Moreover, handelin and HSP70 inhibitors have broad-spectrum antiviral activity. These findings indicate that handelin is a potential candidate for the treatment of FCV infection and that HSP70 may be an important drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Mengfang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yuzhou Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Lisha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zirui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jiale Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zhou Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Guiqing Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, PR China
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