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Nyokabi NS, Wood JLN, Gemechu G, Berg S, Mihret A, Lindahl JF, Moore HL. The role of syndromic knowledge in Ethiopian veterinarians' treatment of cattle. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1364963. [PMID: 39280834 PMCID: PMC11392921 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1364963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Veterinarians play a significant role in the treatment and prevention of livestock diseases at the farm level, safeguarding public health and ensuring food safety. In sub-Saharan Africa, access to quality veterinary services is a major challenge for livestock farmers due to the low number of publicly employed veterinarians, underfunding and privatisation of veterinary services. Low investment in veterinary services and infrastructure, including a lack of laboratories for diagnosis, has made veterinarians rely on their experience and knowledge of cattle disease symptoms developed over years of practice to diagnose and treat cattle diseases. A cross-sectional survey using a role-play approach was used to collect data on knowledge regarding cattle diseases among veterinarians in veterinary clinics and private practices in Addis Ababa, Oromia and Adama regions in Ethiopia. Veterinarians were given a number of disease scenarios based on "fictive disease symptoms" that are commonly manifested in a sick cow and asked to identify the disease what personal biosecurity they would use, diagnostic tests they would perform, treatments they would prescribe, treatment costs, and additional services and inputs they would recommend to the farmer. The results show that veterinarians could identify endemic cattle diseases through symptoms. The majority of veterinarians did not find it important to report notifiable diseases, a behaviour which could hamper disease surveillance and outbreak response. The advice and services the veterinarians said they would offer and recommend to farmers included improvement in feeding, vaccination, use of artificial insemination, and adoption of farm biosecurity measures that can reduce disease prevalence, and improve food safety, animal health and welfare. Low use of personal protective equipment and other protective biosecurity measures among veterinarians could expose them to zoonotic diseases. The study concludes that there is a need for increased funding for continuous training, improved access to animal health-related information, and investment in infrastructure such as laboratories to enable veterinarians to deliver quality animal health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ndungu S Nyokabi
- Institute for Global Prosperity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- University of Edinburgh Business School, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - James L N Wood
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Stefan Berg
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Adane Mihret
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Johanna F Lindahl
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henrietta L Moore
- Institute for Global Prosperity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Cocito LL, Permigiani S, Tapella F, Lattuca ME, Tomac A, Czerner M, Romero MC. Shelf-life of cooked meat of southern king crab ( Lithodes santolla) and false king crab ( Paralomis granulosa) during refrigerated storage. Heliyon 2024; 10:e36475. [PMID: 39262967 PMCID: PMC11388567 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Lithodes santolla (SKC) and Paralomis granulosa (FSKC) are economically important resources exploited in southern South America. The effect of refrigerated storage (4 °C on flake ice) on physico-chemical (pH, thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARs), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), water holding capacity (WHC), and water content (WC)), microbiological (total viable mesophilic bacteria (TVMC), psychrotrophic bacteria (TVPC), Staphylococcus spp, coliforms, enterobacteria, molds and yeasts) and sensory (odor, appearance, texture, juiciness, and taste) parameters was analyzed in the cooked SKC and FSKC merus. For each species, cooked merus from 36 animals were randomly distributed into 6 groups, corresponding to 0, 2, 5, 8, 11, and 14 days of storage. On each day, samples were taken for physico-chemical (n = 6), microbiological (n = 3), and sensory (n = 15) analyses. The pH values increased over time (P < 0.01 in both species), the TBARs only increased in FSKC (P = 0.008), whereas the TVB-N significantly rose only in SKC (P = 0.001). The WHC and the WC did not change over time for any of the king crab species (P > 0.05) in all cases. The presence of TVCM, TVCP, and Staphylococcus spp. in both species was observed from day 0. Furthermore, pathogenic microorganisms (S. aureus, coliforms, and enterobacteria) were not detected, and only the TVCP in SFKC reached the suggested microbial limit after 11 days. All sensory scores significantly decreased (P < 0.001) over time, but the quality of both king crab species remained acceptable until the 11th day. These findings suggest that the shelf-life of cooked merus was 11 and 8 days for SKC and SFKC, respectively, when stored at 4 °C with the presence of flake ice. These contributions consist of elucidating the shelf-life of these economically important seafood products and providing insights into their quality maintenance during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Cocito
- Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas, CADIC, Houssay 200, V9410CAB Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, CABA, Argentina
| | - Sabrina Permigiani
- Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas, CADIC, Houssay 200, V9410CAB Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, CABA, Argentina
| | - Federico Tapella
- Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas, CADIC, Houssay 200, V9410CAB Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, CABA, Argentina
| | - M Eugenia Lattuca
- Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas, CADIC, Houssay 200, V9410CAB Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, CABA, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Tomac
- Preservación y Calidad de Alimentos, INCITAA, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, J. B. Justo 4302, B7608FDQ Mar del Plata, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, CABA, Argentina
| | - Marina Czerner
- Preservación y Calidad de Alimentos, INCITAA, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, J. B. Justo 4302, B7608FDQ Mar del Plata, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, CABA, Argentina
| | - M Carolina Romero
- Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas, CADIC, Houssay 200, V9410CAB Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, CABA, Argentina
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3
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Tuniyazi M, Tang R, Hu X, Zhang N, Shen P. Efficacy of Carbonate Buffer Mixture in Preventing Hoof Lamella Injury Associated with Subacute Ruminal Acidosis in Dairy Goats. Vet Sci 2024; 11:395. [PMID: 39330774 PMCID: PMC11435902 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11090395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is a prevalent metabolic disorder in highly productive dairy cows that results in serious issues, including hoof lamellar injuries. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a carbonate buffer mixture (CBM) in preventing hoof lamella injury in dairy goats, a species also susceptible to SARA due to similar feeding practices over a 17-week period. Twenty-four healthy dairy goats were randomly assigned to three groups: control, SARA, and CBM groups. The control group received a standardized diet, whereas the SARA and CBM groups were subjected to a high-grain feeding regimen to induce SARA. The CBM group received a daily supplement of 10 g CBM mixed with their diet. Clinical assessments, including body temperature, rumen pH, inflammatory markers, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and hoof lamellar injuries, were monitored throughout the study. The results showed that the CBM group maintained a more stable rumen pH and had lower levels of inflammatory markers than the SARA group did. The incidence of hoof lamellar injury was slightly lower in the CBM group. These findings suggest that long-term CBM supplementation may mitigate SARA-associated hoof lamella injury in dairy goats by regulating the rumen environment, fostering the growth of healthy bacterial communities, and by reducing the production of harmful metabolites. The use of CBM as a dietary supplement may have significant implications in improving the health, welfare, and productivity of dairy animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maimaiti Tuniyazi
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Ruibo Tang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Naisheng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Peng Shen
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
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Howell TJ, Mai DL, Draganovic P, Binfet JT, Bennett PC. Impact of Interactions with a Puppy and Handler Versus a Handler Alone on Stress and Vitality in a University Setting: A Crossover Study. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2454. [PMID: 39272239 PMCID: PMC11394264 DOI: 10.3390/ani14172454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Brief interactions with a well-behaved dog can enhance wellbeing, but most campus-based dog visitation programs employ adult, trained dogs. There is little research about the impact of puppies on wellbeing or stress in this context. The aim of this study was to examine changes in perceived stress and vitality after interacting with a puppy. Staff and students (N = 32) at an Australian university attended the campus on two occasions, one week apart, as part of a crossover design. Participants were pseudo-randomly allocated to a group whereby they spent 20 min interacting with a handler alone at Visit 1 and interacted with a puppy and handler at Visit 2, or another group which reversed the interaction order. Perceived stress and subjective vitality were measured before and after each interaction. The increase in vitality was greater in the group experiencing the puppy and handler interaction first (significant main effect, F(1,49) = 646.89, p = 0.024, η2p = 1.00), regardless of the visit, possibly due to a social lubricating effect by the puppy, which carried over to the 'handler alone' second visit. Reductions in perceived stress were greater after the interaction with the puppy, for both groups (significant interaction effect, F(1,49) = 5.13, p = 0.029, η2p = 0.11), indicating that the puppy's presence can reduce stress more than the handler alone. This extends the evidence for university-based dog-facilitated wellbeing programs, by showing that interactions with puppies can also be effective. This is important as it may mean that puppies already on campus as part of a socialization/training program can be incorporated into wellbeing programs for staff and students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffani J Howell
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora VIC 3086 and Bendigo VIC 3552, Australia
| | - Dac L Mai
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora VIC 3086 and Bendigo VIC 3552, Australia
| | - Pam Draganovic
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora VIC 3086 and Bendigo VIC 3552, Australia
| | - John-Tyler Binfet
- Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Pauleen C Bennett
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora VIC 3086 and Bendigo VIC 3552, Australia
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Suriya-Arunroj L, Chimngam M, Chamnongpakdee C, Sing-Ayudthaya T, Linchekhaw C, Kongsombat N, Suttisan N. Behavioral Training in First-Generation Long-Tailed Macaques ( Macaca fascicularis) for Improved Husbandry and Veterinary Procedures. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2369. [PMID: 39199903 PMCID: PMC11350816 DOI: 10.3390/ani14162369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Owing to their similarities to humans in various aspects, non-human primates (NHPs) serve as valuable translational models that has greatly contributed to scientific advancements. However, working with untrained NHPs can cause stress and increase the risk of injuries to both animals and care staff, compromising both animal welfare and occupational safety. Behavioral training, that benefits from animals' learning abilities to gain their cooperation during husbandry and veterinary procedures, is a well-established method to mitigate these risks. Cynomolgus monkeys, in particular, are known for being despotic, fearful, and challenging to train. Moreover, our first-generation breeders were wild-sourced from human-macaque conflict areas in Thailand. These macaque populations are accustomed with human contact; hence, their prior experience can either work for or against behavioral shaping plans. Establishing a training program with realistic expectations would benefit both the animals and trainers. In this study, six cynomolgus monkeys were selected based on temperament, then underwent a pilot training program that included basic husbandry and veterinary procedures. Over 256 training sessions with gradual shaping plans, all six monkeys went through all training steps, with progress varying considerably among individuals. Cortisol levels were measured to monitor stress responses, revealing a notable sex difference: female monkeys generally complied more easily with the trainer but exhibited a stronger cortisol increase compared to males. This study proposed a behavioral training program grounded in three essential components: temperament assessment, behavioral shaping plans, and the cortisol-based criteria for evaluating training success.
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Kabsuk J, Nusri-un J, Binsulong B, Gunha T, Sommart K. Effects of Substituting Cassava Pulp with Broken Rice and Cassava Chips in Crossbred Holstein Diets: Rumen Fermentation, Enteric Methane Emission, and Energy Utilization. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2257. [PMID: 39123783 PMCID: PMC11310957 DOI: 10.3390/ani14152257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the effects of substituting cassava pulp with broken rice and cassava chips in the total mixed ration silage diets of beef cattle on feed composition, ensiling quality, digestibility, and energy utilization. Fifteen Holstein Thai native crossbred (89% Bos taurus × 11% Bos indicus) steers in the fattening phase, with an average age of 2.5 ± 0.1 years and an initial body weight of 603.7 ± 14.3 kg, were used in the energy balance trial. Using a randomized complete block design with five replications, the steers received one of three treatments. The three dietary treatments included substituting cassava pulp with cassava chips and broken rice on a dry matter basis with ratios of 50:0:0, 30:20:0, or 10:20:20. The results show that broken rice is a superior nutrient source and provides greater energy balance (p < 0.01). Despite the cost implications, substituting cassava pulp and chips positively impacts the ensilage pH and reduces the acetic acid concentration (p < 0.01). There was an increase in the lactic acid bacteria count (p < 0.05) and a reduction in the rumen ammonia, propionate, and butyrate concentrations (p < 0.05) without adverse effects (p > 0.05) on digestibility, blood metabolites, or enteric methane emissions. These findings suggest that broken rice is a promising alternative grain-rich ruminant feed. Future research should explore on-farm long-term feeding and economic evaluations to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the practical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiraporn Kabsuk
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (J.K.); (J.N.-u.); (B.B.)
| | - Jenwit Nusri-un
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (J.K.); (J.N.-u.); (B.B.)
| | - Bhoowadol Binsulong
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (J.K.); (J.N.-u.); (B.B.)
| | - Thidarat Gunha
- Department of Agricultural Management Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Valaya Alongkorn Rajabhat University under the Royal Patronage Pathum Thani Province, Pathumthani 13180, Thailand;
| | - Kritapon Sommart
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (J.K.); (J.N.-u.); (B.B.)
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Pomianowski JF, Wójcik A, Sowińska J, Witkowska D, Murawska D, Mituniewicz T. Contents of Macro- and Microelements in Blood Serum and Breast Muscle of Turkey Subjected to Pre-Slaughter Transport for Various Distances. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2242. [PMID: 39123768 PMCID: PMC11310998 DOI: 10.3390/ani14152242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effect of pre-slaughter handling on the content of macro- and micronutrients in blood serum and in the breast muscle of turkeys was assessed. Four different variants of pre-slaughter handling were used in the research: no transport (N-T), transport for a distance of 100 km (T-100), transport for a distance of 200 km (T-200), and transport for a distance of 300 km (T-300). In each of them, 30 female and 30 male turkeys were used. Blood was collected from the birds before slaughter, and samples of the pectoral muscle were collected after slaughter. In the obtained biological material, the content of Mg, P, Ca, Fe, Na and K was analyzed. On the basis of the obtained research results, it can be concluded that the pre-slaughter handling negatively affects the content of macro- and microelements both in the blood serum and in the pectoral muscles of experimental turkeys. Additionally, differences due to the sex of birds were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz F. Pomianowski
- Department of Food Microbiology, Meat Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Cieszyński 1, 10-726 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Anna Wójcik
- Department of Animal Welfare and Research, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.W.); (J.S.); (D.W.); (D.M.); (T.M.)
| | - Janina Sowińska
- Department of Animal Welfare and Research, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.W.); (J.S.); (D.W.); (D.M.); (T.M.)
| | - Dorota Witkowska
- Department of Animal Welfare and Research, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.W.); (J.S.); (D.W.); (D.M.); (T.M.)
| | - Daria Murawska
- Department of Animal Welfare and Research, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.W.); (J.S.); (D.W.); (D.M.); (T.M.)
| | - Tomasz Mituniewicz
- Department of Animal Welfare and Research, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.W.); (J.S.); (D.W.); (D.M.); (T.M.)
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Wang Q, Na M, Jia S, Sun M, Gao S, Pan S, Dong W, Song Y, Yang J. Dynamic Analysis of Stool Microbiota of Simmental Calves and Effects of Diarrhea on Their Gut Microbiota. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:520. [PMID: 39056713 PMCID: PMC11273684 DOI: 10.3390/biology13070520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore the dynamic changes in the gut microbiota of Simmental calves before weaning and to compare the microbial composition and functionality between healthy calves and those with diarrhea. Fourteen neonatal Simmental calves were divided into a healthy group (n = 8) and a diarrhea group (n = 6). Rectal stool samples were collected from each calf on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 15, 18, 22, 26, 30, 35, and 40. High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene V1-V9 region was conducted to examine changes in the gut microbiota over time in both groups and to assess the influence of diarrhea on microbiota structure and function. Escherichia coli, Bacteroides fragilis, and B. vulgatus were the top three bacterial species in preweaning Simmental calves. Meanwhile, the major functions of the fecal microbiota included "metabolic pathways", "biosynthesis of secondary metabolites", "biosynthesis of antibiotics", "microbial metabolism in diverse environments", and "biosynthesis of amino acids". For calves in the healthy group, PCoA revealed that the bacterial profiles on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 differed from those on days 15, 18, 22, 26, 30, 35, and 40. The profiles on day 12 clustered with both groups, indicating that microbial structure changes increased with age. When comparing the relative abundance of bacteria between healthy and diarrheic calves, the beneficial Lactobacillus johnsonii, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and Limosilactobacillus were significantly more abundant in the healthy group than those in the diarrhea group (p < 0.05). This study provides fundamental insights into the gut microbiota composition of Simmental calves before weaning, potentially facilitating early interventions for calf diarrhea and probiotic development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yang Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China; (Q.W.); (M.N.); (S.J.); (M.S.); (S.G.); (S.P.); (W.D.)
| | - Jingfeng Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China; (Q.W.); (M.N.); (S.J.); (M.S.); (S.G.); (S.P.); (W.D.)
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Cardoso AS, Whitby A, Green MJ, Kim DH, Randall LV. Identification of Predictive Biomarkers of Lameness in Transition Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2030. [PMID: 39061492 PMCID: PMC11273747 DOI: 10.3390/ani14142030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify with a high level of confidence metabolites previously identified as predictors of lameness and understand their biological relevance by carrying out pathway analyses. For the dairy cattle sector, lameness is a major challenge with a large impact on animal welfare and farm economics. Understanding metabolic alterations during the transition period associated with lameness before the appearance of clinical signs may allow its early detection and risk prevention. The annotation with high confidence of metabolite predictors of lameness and the understanding of interactions between metabolism and immunity are crucial for a better understanding of this condition. Using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with authentic standards to increase confidence in the putative annotations of metabolites previously determined as predictive for lameness in transition dairy cows, it was possible to identify cresol, valproic acid, and gluconolactone as L1, L2, and L1, respectively which are the highest levels of confidence in identification. The metabolite set enrichment analysis of biological pathways in which predictors of lameness are involved identified six significant pathways (p < 0.05). In comparison, over-representation analysis and topology analysis identified two significant pathways (p < 0.05). Overall, our LC-MS/MS analysis proved to be adequate to confidently identify metabolites in urine samples previously found to be predictive of lameness, and understand their potential biological relevance, despite the challenges of metabolite identification and pathway analysis when performing untargeted metabolomics. This approach shows potential as a reliable method to identify biomarkers that can be used in the future to predict the risk of lameness before calving. Validation with a larger cohort is required to assess the generalization of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S. Cardoso
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Alison Whitby
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, Advanced Materials & Healthcare Technologies Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK (D.-H.K.)
| | - Martin J. Green
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, Advanced Materials & Healthcare Technologies Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK (D.-H.K.)
| | - Laura V. Randall
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
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Valencia-Franco E, García y González EC, Guevara-Arroyo AM, Torres-Agatón F, Robles-Robles JM, Rodríguez-Castillo JDC, Paredes-Alvarado M, Alaniz-Gutiérrez L, Ruiz-Ortega M, Ponce-Covarrubias JL. Effect of Heat Stress on Lactating and Non-Lactating Blackbelly Ewes under Tropical Conditions during Summer. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2003. [PMID: 38998115 PMCID: PMC11240384 DOI: 10.3390/ani14132003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Two groups of ewes (10 lactating and 10 non-lactating) were used to evaluate the effect of heat stress during summer under tropical conditions. In this study, a temperature and humidity index (THI) was found that ranged between 65 and 79 (morning and afternoon). Likewise, a heat tolerance coefficient (HTC) of 6 units was observed. The highest breathing frequency (BF; 115.46 ± 35.25 breaths per minute (bpm)) and rectal temperature (RT; 38.95 ± 0.51 °C) were found during the afternoon in the group of lactating ewes. The means were compared by group, time of the day, and interaction, and only significant differences were found between groups for RT and udder temperature (p < 0.001). In the case of time of day, all parameters were higher during the afternoon, regardless of the group of ewes (p < 0.001). Likewise, an interaction was found in the parameters RT, right paralumbar fossa (RPF), rump, leg, and udder (p < 0.001). In conclusion, Blackbelly ewes lactating during the summer in the tropics have higher skin temperatures, and also raise BF and RT to tolerate HS in tropical climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Valencia-Franco
- Escuela Superior de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia No. 3, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero (UAGro), Técpan de Galeana 40900, Guerrero, Mexico; (E.V.-F.); (E.C.G.y.-G.); (A.M.G.-A.); (F.T.-A.)
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Tlatlauquitepec 73900, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Ethel Caterina García y González
- Escuela Superior de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia No. 3, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero (UAGro), Técpan de Galeana 40900, Guerrero, Mexico; (E.V.-F.); (E.C.G.y.-G.); (A.M.G.-A.); (F.T.-A.)
| | - Aurora Matilde Guevara-Arroyo
- Escuela Superior de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia No. 3, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero (UAGro), Técpan de Galeana 40900, Guerrero, Mexico; (E.V.-F.); (E.C.G.y.-G.); (A.M.G.-A.); (F.T.-A.)
| | - Fernando Torres-Agatón
- Escuela Superior de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia No. 3, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero (UAGro), Técpan de Galeana 40900, Guerrero, Mexico; (E.V.-F.); (E.C.G.y.-G.); (A.M.G.-A.); (F.T.-A.)
| | - José Manuel Robles-Robles
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, El Salado, Tecamachalco 72570, Puebla, Mexico; (J.M.R.-R.); (J.d.C.R.-C.)
| | - José del Carmen Rodríguez-Castillo
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, El Salado, Tecamachalco 72570, Puebla, Mexico; (J.M.R.-R.); (J.d.C.R.-C.)
| | - Marisol Paredes-Alvarado
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Edo de México, Mexico;
| | - Luis Alaniz-Gutiérrez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia No. 2, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Cuajinicuilapa 41940, Guerrero, Mexico;
| | - Maricela Ruiz-Ortega
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Tulancingo de Bravo 43600, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - José Luis Ponce-Covarrubias
- Escuela Superior de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia No. 3, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero (UAGro), Técpan de Galeana 40900, Guerrero, Mexico; (E.V.-F.); (E.C.G.y.-G.); (A.M.G.-A.); (F.T.-A.)
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11
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Mattiello S, Celozzi S, Soli FM, Battini M. Exploring positive welfare measures: preliminary findings from a prototype protocol in loose housing dairy cattle farms. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1368363. [PMID: 38993280 PMCID: PMC11238295 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1368363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Following the increasing interest about the development of indicators of positive welfare and affective state in farm animals, the aim of this research is to present some preliminary results on the application of a prototype protocol based exclusively on positive welfare measures and to suggest potential benefits that can promote positive welfare. Methods The protocol was applied in 20 loose housing dairy cattle farms (6 on deep litter with straw, 14 in cubicles) and included only indicators of positive welfare and emotional states: feeding and resting synchronization, rumination during resting, comfortable lying postures, no visible eye white, relaxed ear postures, percentage of cow contacts with humans in the Avoidance Distance test. Potential benefits in terms of housing, feeding and management were then related to these variables (Mann-Whitney U test). Qualitative Behavior Assessment (QBA) was also carried out and analyzed by Principal Component Analysis to explore the effect of factors that were not evenly distributed in our sample (number of feed distributions, access to pasture, presence of paddock or environmental enrichments, automatic milking systems). Results When hay was included in the diet, higher feeding synchronization (93.7 ± 1.6 vs. 52.2 ± 4.7%; p < 0.01), percentage of cows with relaxed ear postures (35.8 ± 5.4 vs. 15.5 ± 2.1%; p < 0.01) and percentage of cows with no visible eye white (55.9 ± 17.0 vs. 36.6 ± 4.1%; n.s.) were recorded. A higher level of feeding synchronization was observed also when the feeding places/cow ratio was > 1 (72.1 ± 9.9 vs. 53.8 ± 5.8%), although differences were not significant (p = 0.14). Deep litter had a more positive effect than cubicles on comfort at resting, with a significantly higher percentage of ruminating cows (65.8 ± 10.2 vs. 34.2 ± 3.7%; p < 0.01), a higher percentage of cows with no visible eye white (55.6 ± 9.9 vs. 33.1 ± 3.7%; p < 0.05) and a higher percentage of cows in a more comfortable posture, with stretched legs (14.3 ± 5.1 vs. 5.6 ± 1.6%; p = 0.09). QBA highlighted the most positive emotional state in the only farm that allowed access to pasture. Conclusions This study represents a first attempt to apply a protocol for on-farm welfare evaluation based exclusively on the use of positive welfare indicators and provides suggestions on possible benefits (e.g., deep litter, feeding places/cow ratio > 1, hay in the diet and access to pasture) to enhance dairy cattle welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Mattiello
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Celozzi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Manila Soli
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Battini
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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12
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Sockett DC, Pohly AE, Deering KM, Breuer RM. Severe colic in a newborn dairy calf caused by a large colostrum curd: a case report. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1348084. [PMID: 38962706 PMCID: PMC11220247 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1348084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
A newborn female, Holstein calf weighing approximately 38.5 kg developed severe, persistent colic caused by a large colostrum curd located within the calf's abomasum. Based upon 10% body weight, the calf had been fed 4 liters (L) of first-milking colostrum approximately 30 min after birth and an additional 2 L of first-milking colostrum 6 h after the first feeding. Both the first and second feedings used an esophageal tube feeder to deliver the colostrum. Colic developed shortly after the second colostrum feeding. The affected calf did not respond to on-farm supportive medical therapy and was humanely euthanized by a penetrating captive bolt approximately 22 h after the onset of colic. This on-farm colostrum feeding protocol is routinely observed in the current dairy industry. This case demonstrates calves that are fed large volumes of colostrum during a relatively short window of time may develop a large, firm colostrum curd within the abomasum that causes abdominal distension, colic, and occasional death. There is an urgent need for prospective analytical studies that determine the optimal immunoglobulin mass (g/L) and the ideal volume of colostrum fed to newborn calves for both the first and second colostrum feedings within the most beneficial time frame. Guidelines should be developed that minimize complications that adversely affect calf health and well-being while ensuring the successful transfer of passive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald C. Sockett
- Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Andrea E. Pohly
- Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Kathleen M. Deering
- Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Ryan M. Breuer
- Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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13
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Kusaba A, Arai T. Shiitake mushroom powder supplementation increase antioxidative activity in dogs. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1355560. [PMID: 38962708 PMCID: PMC11220243 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1355560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The prevalence of age-related diseases, including obesity (a lipid metabolism disorder), increases with the increase in a dog's lifespan. Most of age-related diseases are associated with oxidative stress by excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from impaired mitochondrial functions. Safe and effective supplements with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities are required to prevent obesity and associated complications. Shiitake mushroom exhibit various functions including antioxidant activity. We investigated the effect of shiitake powder supplementation in healthy dogs. Methods Shiitake powder was supplemented at a dose of 800 mg/kg body weight/day for 4 weeks. The dose was set as 0.60-0.65 mg/kg/day of eritadenine, a hypocholesterolemic factor. Results The body weight and body condition score of the dogs did not change after shiitake supplementation. In contrast, plasma total cholesterol concentrations decreased and superoxide dismutase activity and leukocyte sirtuin1 mRNA expression increased significantly in the dogs that received the supplement. Discussion Oral administration of shiitake powder increased antioxidative activity. The supplement may be useful in ameliorating the signs of age-related diseases, including obesity, in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Toshiro Arai
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Japan
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14
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Li J, Liu Y, Zheng W, Chen X, Ma Y, Guo L. Monitoring Cattle Ruminating Behavior Based on an Improved Keypoint Detection Model. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1791. [PMID: 38929410 PMCID: PMC11200719 DOI: 10.3390/ani14121791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cattle rumination behavior is strongly correlated with its health. Current methods often rely on manual observation or wearable devices to monitor ruminating behavior. However, the manual monitoring of cattle rumination is labor-intensive, and wearable devices often harm animals. Therefore, this study proposes a non-contact method for monitoring cattle rumination behavior, utilizing an improved YOLOv8-pose keypoint detection algorithm combined with multi-condition threshold peak detection to automatically identify chewing counts. First, we tracked and recorded the cattle's rumination behavior to build a dataset. Next, we used the improved model to capture keypoint information on the cattle. By constructing the rumination motion curve from the keypoint information and applying multi-condition threshold peak detection, we counted the chewing instances. Finally, we designed a comprehensive cattle rumination detection framework to track various rumination indicators, including chewing counts, rumination duration, and chewing frequency. In keypoint detection, our modified YOLOv8-pose achieved a 96% mAP, an improvement of 2.8%, with precision and recall increasing by 4.5% and 4.2%, enabling the more accurate capture of keypoint information. For rumination analysis, we tested ten video clips and compared the results with actual data. The experimental results showed an average chewing count error of 5.6% and a standard error of 2.23%, verifying the feasibility and effectiveness of using keypoint detection technology to analyze cattle rumination behavior. These physiological indicators of rumination behavior allow for the quicker detection of abnormalities in cattle's rumination activities, helping managers make informed decisions. Ultimately, the proposed method not only accurately monitors cattle rumination behavior but also provides technical support for precision management in animal husbandry, promoting the development of modern livestock farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxing Li
- College of Computer and Information Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (J.L.); (Y.L.)
- Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
- Xinjiang Agricultural Informatization Engineering Technology Research Center, Urumqi 830052, China
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Agriculture, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- College of Computer and Information Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (J.L.); (Y.L.)
- Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
- Xinjiang Agricultural Informatization Engineering Technology Research Center, Urumqi 830052, China
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Agriculture, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Wenxin Zheng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry Quality Standards, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi 830011, China; (W.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Xinwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry Quality Standards, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi 830011, China; (W.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Yabin Ma
- Hebei Animal Husbandry and Breeding Work Station, Shijiazhuang 050049, China
| | - Leifeng Guo
- Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
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15
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Kerek Á, Németh V, Szabó Á, Papp M, Bányai K, Kardos G, Kaszab E, Bali K, Nagy Z, Süth M, Jerzsele Á. Monitoring Changes in the Antimicrobial-Resistance Gene Set (ARG) of Raw Milk and Dairy Products in a Cattle Farm, from Production to Consumption. Vet Sci 2024; 11:265. [PMID: 38922012 PMCID: PMC11209563 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11060265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Raw milk and dairy products can serve as potential vectors for transmissible bacterial, viral and protozoal diseases, alongside harboring antimicrobial-resistance genes. This study monitors the changes in the antimicrobial-resistance gene pool in raw milk and cheese, from farm to consumer, utilizing next-generation sequencing. Five parallel sampling runs were conducted to assess the resistance gene pool, as well as phage or plasmid carriage and potential mobility. In terms of taxonomic composition, in raw milk the Firmicutes phylum made up 41%, while the Proteobacteria phylum accounted for 58%. In fresh cheese, this ratio shifted to 93% Firmicutes and 7% Proteobacteria. In matured cheese, the composition was 79% Firmicutes and 21% Proteobacteria. In total, 112 antimicrobial-resistance genes were identified. While a notable reduction in the resistance gene pool was observed in the freshly made raw cheese compared to the raw milk samples, a significant growth in the resistance gene pool occurred after one month of maturation, surpassing the initial gene frequency. Notably, the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes, such as OXA-662 (100% coverage, 99.3% identity) and OXA-309 (97.1% coverage, 96.2% identity), raised concerns; these genes have a major public health relevance. In total, nineteen such genes belonging to nine gene families (ACT, CMY, EC, ORN, OXA, OXY, PLA, RAHN, TER) have been identified. The largest number of resistance genes were identified against fluoroquinolone drugs, which determined efflux pumps predominantly. Our findings underscore the importance of monitoring gene pool variations throughout the product pathway and the potential for horizontal gene transfer in raw products. We advocate the adoption of a new approach to food safety investigations, incorporating next-generation sequencing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Kerek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; (V.N.); (Á.S.); (K.B.); (Á.J.)
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; (M.P.); (G.K.); (E.K.); (K.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Virág Németh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; (V.N.); (Á.S.); (K.B.); (Á.J.)
| | - Ábel Szabó
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; (V.N.); (Á.S.); (K.B.); (Á.J.)
| | - Márton Papp
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; (M.P.); (G.K.); (E.K.); (K.B.); (M.S.)
- Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Bányai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; (V.N.); (Á.S.); (K.B.); (Á.J.)
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; (M.P.); (G.K.); (E.K.); (K.B.); (M.S.)
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, HUN-REN, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Kardos
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; (M.P.); (G.K.); (E.K.); (K.B.); (M.S.)
- One Health Institute, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- National Public Health Center, Albert Flórián út 2-6, H-1097 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Gerontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Sóstói út 2-4, H-4400 Nyiregyhaza, Hungary
| | - Eszter Kaszab
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; (M.P.); (G.K.); (E.K.); (K.B.); (M.S.)
- One Health Institute, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Bali
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; (M.P.); (G.K.); (E.K.); (K.B.); (M.S.)
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Nagy
- Biological Research and Development Department, CEVA-Phlyaxia Zrt., Szállás utca 5, H-1107 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Miklós Süth
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; (M.P.); (G.K.); (E.K.); (K.B.); (M.S.)
- Institute of Food Chain Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ákos Jerzsele
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; (V.N.); (Á.S.); (K.B.); (Á.J.)
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István utca 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; (M.P.); (G.K.); (E.K.); (K.B.); (M.S.)
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16
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Mishu MA, Nath SK, Sohidullah M, Hossain MT. Advancement of animal and poultry nutrition: Harnessing the power of CRISPR-Cas genome editing technology. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2024; 11:483-493. [PMID: 39101073 PMCID: PMC11296187 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2024.k798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
CRISPR-associated proteins and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR-Cas) technology has emerged as a groundbreaking advancement in animal and poultry nutrition to improve feed conversion efficiency, enhance disease resistance, and improve the nutritional quality of animal products. Despite significant advancements, there is a research gap in the systematic understanding and comprehensive use of the CRISPR-Cas method in animal and poultry nutrition. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the latest advancements in animal and poultry nutrition through CRISPR-Cas genome editing technology, focusing on gene manipulation in metabolism, immunity, and growth. Following preferred reporting items in meta-analysis and systematic reviews guidelines, we conducted a systematic search using several databases, including Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science, until May 2024, and finally, we included a total of 108 articles in this study. This article explores the use of the CRISPR-Cas system in the advancement of feed additives like probiotics and enzymes, which could reduce the use of antibiotics in animal production. Furthermore, the article discusses ethical and regulatory issues related to gene editing in animal and poultry nutrition, including concerns about animal welfare, food safety, and environmental impacts. Overall, the CRISPR-Cas system holds substantial promise to overcome the challenges in modern animal agriculture. By enriching the nutritional quality of animal products, increasing disease resistance, and improving feed efficiency, it offers sustainable and cost-effective solutions that can revolutionize animal and poultry nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahbuba Akther Mishu
- Department of Agricultural Finance, Co-operatives and Banking, Khulna Agricultural University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Sabuj Kanti Nath
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Khulna Agricultural University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - M. Sohidullah
- Department of Microbiology and Public Health, Khulna Agricultural University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Taslim Hossain
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Khulna Agricultural University, Khulna, Bangladesh
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17
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Felini R, Cavallini D, Buonaiuto G, Bordin T. Assessing the impact of thermoregulatory mineral supplementation on thermal comfort in lactating Holstein cows. Vet Anim Sci 2024; 24:100363. [PMID: 38883423 PMCID: PMC11177189 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) occurs when animals are enable to effectively dissipate excessive body heat, potentially affecting their welfare and productivity. Several tools can be used to mitigate HS in dairy cows. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of thermoregulatory mineral supplementation on dairy cows' physiological response to HS and reproductive status. Thirty pluriparous Holstein dairy cows (2.8 ± 0.3 lactation), from a semi confinement production system (freestall barn), were enrolled in a 35 days duration experiment, and divided into two groups: 15 cows receiving a thermoregulatory mineral mixture containing calcium, sodium, chlorine, and potassium (200 g/day; TRT); and, 15 cows that did not receive any type of supplement (CON). Data on respiration rates (RR), rectal temperature (RT), milk yield, barn temperature, relative humidity, and temperature and humidity index (THI) were obtained on weekly evaluations (D7, D14, D21, D28, and D35). ANOVA and correlation analysis were used to compare variables between groups, and physiological and climate variables, regardless of group. Related to farm's protocols, on D0 and D35, all cows were submitted to US evaluation and categorized as inseminated, pregnant, and not pregnant, and this data analysed using Fisher's exact test. Cows in the TRT group had lower RT, compared to the CON group (38,8 °C and 39,0 °C, respectively; P = 0.0147), however both averages were within physiological range. As to physiological variables, stronger positive correlations were found between RR and RT with barn temperature and THI. In this study, the thermoregulatory mineral supplement did not significantly affect physiological responses to HS or reproductive status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Felini
- Curso de Agronomia, Faculdade CESURG Marau, Avenida Júlio Borella, 1968, Centro, CEP 99150-000, Marau, RS, Brasil
| | - Damiano Cavallini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Buonaiuto
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tiago Bordin
- Curso de Agronomia, Faculdade CESURG Marau, Avenida Júlio Borella, 1968, Centro, CEP 99150-000, Marau, RS, Brasil
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18
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Marliani G, Vaccari L, Cavallini D, Montesano CS, Buonaiuto G, Accorsi PA. Assessing the effectiveness of cannabidiol additive supplementation on canine behavior and cortisol levels. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31345. [PMID: 38803908 PMCID: PMC11129091 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
In veterinary medicine, Cannabis has been used to treat pain conditions, inflammation, and seizures. However, little is known about its effect on dogs' behavior. This preliminary research aims to address this knowledge gap by evaluating the effectiveness of cannabidiol (CBD) oil in canine behavioral therapy. Twenty dogs, diagnosed with behavioral disorders and housed in a municipal shelter, participated in a double-blind trial. Ten dogs received CBD oil treatment, while the other ten received a control oil without CBD. Before (T0) and after (T1) the treatment, all the dogs underwent a temperament test to assess their behavior in the presence of four different stimuli: a human stranger, a novel object, a child-like doll, and a conspecific (another dog). Each stimulus was presented individually, and the dogs' behaviors were recorded on video and analyzed. Additionally, hair samples were collected using a shave-reshave technique for cortisol determination through Radio-Immuno-Assay. No behavioral differences were found between the two groups at both T0 and T1. There were no significant differences in the behavioral responses of either group when comparing T0 and T1. However, individual responses to the CBD oil treatment appeared to vary among subjects. A significant increase in hair cortisol levels (p-value <0.05) was observed in the group treated with CBD oil [T0 = 1.60 (1.44-1.93) pg/mg, T1 = 4.81(2.57-6.01) pg/mg]. These findings highlight the importance of individualized treatment when using Cannabis and encourage further research on the use of CBD oil in animal behavioral medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Marliani
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Vaccari
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Damiano Cavallini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Buonaiuto
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Pier Attilio Accorsi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy
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19
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El Khalfaoui N, El Amiri B, Cabaraux JF, Chentouf M, Raes M, Marcotty T, Kirschvink N. Rearing Management and Its Impact on Caseous Lymphadenitis in Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1504. [PMID: 38791721 PMCID: PMC11117208 DOI: 10.3390/ani14101504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Two surveys were conducted to assess the prevalence and risk factors of ovine caseous lymphadenitis (CL) and explore the association between its superficial and visceral forms in Sardi sheep in Settat province, Morocco. A total of 1521 sheep, including 318 lambs < 6 months, 572 young sheep aged 6-24 months, and 631 adult sheep > 24 months, were examined from 57 flocks. Superficial CL prevalence levels were as follows: 69/318 in lambs, 292/572 in young sheep, and 114/631 in adult sheep. Additionally, 2124 sheep, including 1813 young and 311 adult sheep, were inspected in slaughterhouses ante- and post-mortem. Among all infected animals, the prevalence of visceral abscesses was notably higher in adult sheep (83%, OR = 9.8, 95% CI = 5.5-17.2) compared to young sheep (35%). Data on flock size, sex, age, body condition score, rearing methods, and hygienic measures were collected. Suspected CL cases were confirmed using quadruplex-PCR. Poor barn ventilation, lack of abscess control, and younger age were identified as key risk factors for CL. Additionally, a high percentage (89%) of animals with thoracic abscesses did not display superficial lesions. While age and abscess control have been reported in previous studies, barn ventilation appears to be a new, but important, risk factor. In conclusion, the identified risk factors in Settat province are linked to breeding management practices. Implementing regular abscess control measures and improving barn ventilation are essential for CL prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora El Khalfaoui
- Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium; (N.E.K.)
- Animal Production Unit, Regional Center Agricultural Research of Settat, National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Avenue Ennasr, P.O. Box 415, Rabat Principal, Rabat 10090, Morocco
| | - Bouchra El Amiri
- Animal Production Unit, Regional Center Agricultural Research of Settat, National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Avenue Ennasr, P.O. Box 415, Rabat Principal, Rabat 10090, Morocco
| | - Jean-François Cabaraux
- Department of Veterinary Management of Animal Resources, FARAH Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
| | - Mouad Chentouf
- Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Tangier, National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Avenue Ennasr, P.O. Box 415, Rabat Principal, Rabat 10090, Morocco;
| | - Marianne Raes
- Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium; (N.E.K.)
| | - Tanguy Marcotty
- Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium; (N.E.K.)
| | - Nathalie Kirschvink
- Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium; (N.E.K.)
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20
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Sundman ER, Dewell GA, Dewell RD, Johnson AK, Thomson DU, Millman ST. The welfare of ill and injured feedlot cattle: a review of the literature and implications for managing feedlot hospital and chronic pens. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1398116. [PMID: 38799724 PMCID: PMC11117431 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1398116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
By definition, ill and injured animals are on the negative valence of animal welfare. For beef cattle kept in feedlot settings, advances in cattle health management have resulted in a greater understanding and prevention of illness and injury. However, the management of cattle once they become ill and injured is an understudied area, and there are gaps in knowledge that could inform evidence-based decision-making and strengthen welfare for this population. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the acquired knowledge regarding ill and injured feedlot cattle welfare, focusing on existing knowledge gaps and implications for hospital and chronic pen management and welfare assurance. Ill and injured feedlot cattle consist of acutely impaired animals with short-term health conditions that resolve with treatment and chronically impaired animals with long-term health conditions that may be difficult to treat. A literature search identified 110 articles that mentioned welfare and ill and injured feedlot cattle, but the population of interest in most of these articles was healthy cattle, not ill and injured cattle. Articles about managing ill and injured cattle in specialized hospital (n = 12) or chronic (n = 2) pens were even more sparse. Results from this literature search will be used to outline the understanding of acutely and chronically ill and injured feedlot cattle, including common dispositions and welfare considerations, behavior during convalescence, and strategies for identifying and managing ill and injured cattle. Finally, by working through specific ailments common in commercial feedlot environments, we illustrate how the Five Domains Model can be used to explore feelings and experiences and subsequent welfare state of individual ill or injured feedlot cattle. Using this approach and our knowledge of current industry practices, we identify relevant animal-based outcomes and critical research questions to strengthen knowledge in this area. A better understanding of this overlooked topic will inform future research and the development of evidence-based guidelines to help producers care for this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiline R. Sundman
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Grant A. Dewell
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Renee D. Dewell
- Center for Food Security and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Anna K. Johnson
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Daniel U. Thomson
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Suzanne T. Millman
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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21
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Valverde A, González-Miranda JA, Sevilla F, Mora S, Roldan ERS, Vargas C, González R. Perceptions of Animal Welfare on Livestock: Evidence from College Agronomy Students in Costa Rica. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1398. [PMID: 38791616 PMCID: PMC11117388 DOI: 10.3390/ani14101398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Ethical considerations regarding our treatment of animals have gained strength, leading to legislation and a societal focus across various disciplines. This is a subject of study within curricula related to agri-food sciences. The aim was to determine the perceptions of agronomy university students concerning animal welfare in livestock production systems. A survey was conducted to encompass various aspects, from participants' sociodemographic attributes to their attitudes and behaviors regarding animal welfare and the consumption of animal products. Statistical analysis, performed using R software, delved into the associations between participants' characteristics and their perspectives on the ethical, bioethical, and legal dimensions of animal welfare. Associations between demographic factors and ethical viewpoints among students were identified. Gender differences emerged in animal treatment perceptions, while rural and urban environments impacted perspectives on various animals. Bioethical considerations revealed distinctive disparities based on gender and education in concerns regarding animal welfare, value perceptions, evaluations of animal behaviors, and opinions on animal research. It is crucial to distinguish between animal welfare and the ethical considerations arising from coexisting with sentient beings capable of experiencing suffering. Ethical theories provide a lens through which we perceive our obligations toward animals. The responsibility to ensure animal welfare is firmly rooted in recognizing that animals, like humans, experience pain and physical suffering. Consequently, actions causing unjustified suffering or mistreatment, particularly for entertainment purposes, are considered morally unacceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Valverde
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Center for Research and Development in Sustainable Agriculture in the Humid Tropics, School of Agronomy, Costa Rica Institute of Technology (ITCR), San Carlos Campus, Alajuela 223-21002, Costa Rica
| | | | - Francisco Sevilla
- Doctorate in Natural Sciences for Development (DOCINADE), Costa Rica Institute of Technology (ITCR), San Carlos Campus, Alajuela 223-21002, Costa Rica;
| | - Sara Mora
- Faculty of Philosophy and Letters, School of Philosophy, National University (UNA), Omar Dengo Campus, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica;
| | - Eduardo R. S. Roldan
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, National Museum of Natural Sciences, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Celso Vargas
- School of Social Sciences, Costa Rica Institute of Technology (ITCR), Cartago Campus, Cartago 159-7050, Costa Rica;
| | - Rodolfo González
- School of Languages and Social Sciences, Costa Rica Institute of Technology (ITCR), San Carlos Campus, Alajuela 223-21002, Costa Rica;
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22
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Azorín I, Madrid J, Martínez-Miró S, López M, López MB, López MJ, Hernández F. Combined Supplementation of Two Selenium Forms (Organic and Inorganic) and Iodine in Dairy Cows' Diet to Obtain Enriched Milk, Cheese, and Yogurt. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1373. [PMID: 38731376 PMCID: PMC11083049 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation in dairy cows with two Se forms (organic and inorganic) and I at the maximum levels permitted in the European Union, with the aim to obtain naturally enriched milk and derived products. A total of 20 Holstein Friesian cows in lactation were fed 2 diets for 64 days: a control diet with a supply of 0.57 mg of inorganic Se and 0.57 mg of I per kg of ration in dry matter (DM), and an experimental diet (SeI) with a supply of 0.34 mg of inorganic Se, 0.23 mg of organic Se, and 5.68 mg of I per kg of ration in DM. The SeI diet did not modify the performance or, in general, the metabolic profile of cows. Se and I levels in milk were affected by diet type and time of measurement (p < 0.01). Thus, a marked increase of both microminerals was evident between the beginning and the end of the test, when the SeI diet was administered. For Se, this increase ranged from 1.95 to 3.29 μg/100 g of milk; and for I, from 19.69 to 110.06 μg/100 g of milk. The SeI diet increased (p < 0.01) the Se and I content in the cheese, reaching levels of 16.4 μg/100 g for Se and 269.7 μg/100 g for I. An increase in I was observed in yogurt from the SeI diet (p < 0.001). The supplementation of two forms of Se and I in the cows' ration, at the levels evaluated, produced milk and dairy products enriched in these microelements without altering their quality parameters. However, a responsible intake of these products is necessary to avoid risks of deficiencies or excesses that could negatively affect the health of consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Azorín
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (I.A.); (S.M.-M.); (M.L.); (M.J.L.); (F.H.)
| | - Josefa Madrid
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (I.A.); (S.M.-M.); (M.L.); (M.J.L.); (F.H.)
| | - Silvia Martínez-Miró
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (I.A.); (S.M.-M.); (M.L.); (M.J.L.); (F.H.)
| | - Marina López
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (I.A.); (S.M.-M.); (M.L.); (M.J.L.); (F.H.)
| | - María Belén López
- Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Miguel José López
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (I.A.); (S.M.-M.); (M.L.); (M.J.L.); (F.H.)
| | - Fuensanta Hernández
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (I.A.); (S.M.-M.); (M.L.); (M.J.L.); (F.H.)
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23
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Spínola MP, Alfaia CM, Costa MM, Pinto RMA, Lopes PA, Pestana JM, Tavares JC, Mendes AR, Mourato MP, Tavares B, Carvalho DFP, Martins CF, Ferreira JI, Lordelo MM, Prates JAM. Impact of high Spirulina diet, extruded or supplemented with enzymes, on blood cells, systemic metabolites, and hepatic lipid and mineral profiles of broiler chickens. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1342310. [PMID: 38596464 PMCID: PMC11002084 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1342310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The impact of 15% dietary inclusion of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) in broiler chickens was explored, focusing on blood cellular components, systemic metabolites and hepatic lipid and mineral composition. From days 14 to 35 of age, 120 broiler chickens were divided and allocated into four dietary treatments: a standard corn and soybean meal-based diet (control), a 15% Spirulina diet, a 15% extruded Spirulina diet, and a 15% Spirulina diet super-dosed with an enzyme blend (0.20% porcine pancreatin plus 0.01% lysozyme). The haematological analysis revealed no significant deviations (p > 0.05) in blood cell counts across treatments, suggesting that high Spirulina inclusion maintains haematological balance. The systemic metabolic assessment indicated an enhanced antioxidant capacity in birds on Spirulina diets (p < 0.001), pointing toward a potential reduction in oxidative stress. However, the study noted a detrimental impact on growth performance metrics, such as final body weight and feed conversion ratio (both p < 0.001), in the Spirulina-fed treatments, with the super-dosed enzyme blend supplementation failing to alleviate these effects but with extrusion mitigating them. Regarding hepatic composition, birds on extruded Spirulina and enzyme-supplemented diets showed a notable increase in n-3 fatty acids (EPA, DPA, DHA) (p < 0.001), leading to an improved n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio (p < 0.001). Despite this positive shift, a reduction in total hepatic lipids (p = 0.003) was observed without a significant change in cholesterol levels. Our findings underscore the need for further exploration into the optimal inclusion levels, processing methods and potential enzymatic enhancements of Spirulina in broiler diets. Ultimately, this research aims to strike a balance between promoting health benefits and maintaining optimal growth performance in poultry nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P. Spínola
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina M. Alfaia
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mónica M. Costa
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui M. A. Pinto
- JCS, Laboratório de Análises Clínicas Dr. Joaquim Chaves, Avenida General Norton de Matos, Algés, Portugal
- iMED.UL, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paula A. Lopes
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José M. Pestana
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João C. Tavares
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana R. Mendes
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miguel P. Mourato
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Tavares
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Daniela F. P. Carvalho
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cátia F. Martins
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana I. Ferreira
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Madalena M. Lordelo
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José A. M. Prates
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
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24
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Yu JS, Kim M, Cho IH, Sim YM, Hwang YS. Evidence Supporting Oral Hygiene Management by Owners through a Genetic Analysis of Dental Plaque Bacteria in Dogs. Vet Sci 2024; 11:96. [PMID: 38393114 PMCID: PMC10893504 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11020096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
With the increase in the number of households raising dogs and the reports of human-to-dog transmission of oral bacteria, concerns about dogs' oral health and the need for oral hygiene management are increasing. In this study, the owners' perceptions about their dogs' oral health and the frequency of oral hygiene were determined along with the analysis of dog dental plaque bacteria through metagenomic amplicon sequencing so as to support the need for oral hygiene management for dogs. Although the perception of 63.2% of the owners about their dogs' oral health was consistent with the veterinarian's diagnosis, the owners' oral hygiene practices regarding their dogs were very poor. The calculi index (CI) and gingiva index (GI) were lower in dogs who had their teeth brushed more than once a week (57.89%) than in dogs brushed less than once a month (42.10%); however, the difference was nonsignificant (CI: p = 0.479, GI: p = 0.840). Genomic DNA was extracted from dental plaque bacteria removed during dog teeth scaling, and metagenomic amplicons were sequenced. The 16S amplicons of 73 species were identified from among the plaque bacteria of the dogs. These amplicons were of oral disease-causing bacteria in humans and dogs. The 16S amplicon of Streptococcus mutans matched that of the human S. mutans, with type c identified as the main serotype. This result suggests that human oral bacteria can be transmitted to dogs. Therefore, considering the high frequency of contact between dogs and humans because of communal living and the current poor oral health of dogs, owners must improve the oral hygiene management of their dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong suk Yu
- Yeah Dental Animal Clinic, Seolleung-ro 126-6, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul 06092, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhee Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Seongnam 13135, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Hoon Cho
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Seongnam 13135, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Min Sim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Seongnam 13135, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sun Hwang
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Seongnam 13135, Republic of Korea
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25
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Dell’Anno M, Frazzini S, Ferri I, Tuberti S, Bonaldo E, Botti B, Grossi S, Sgoifo Rossi CA, Rossi L. Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Chestnut and Quebracho Tannin Supplementation on Neonatal Diarrhoea in Preweaning Calves. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:237. [PMID: 38397835 PMCID: PMC10885919 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Neonatal calf diarrhoea (NCD) poses a significant health challenge in cattle herds, resulting in considerable economic losses and antimicrobial use. In response to the escalating threat of antimicrobial resistance, viable alternatives are imperative, aligning with European policies. This study evaluated the in-milk supplementation of the chestnut and quebracho tannin extract in preweaning calves on performance, diarrhoea occurrence, Cryptosporidium spp. shedding, protein digestibility, and intestinal health. Twenty newborn calves were divided, after colostrum administration, into two experimental groups for 30 days as follows: the control (CTRL) was fed with whole milk and solid feed, and tannins (TAN) were fed whole milk supplemented with 6/g day of tannin extract and solid feed. Faecal samples were collected on days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 30 for the evaluation of Cryptosporidium oocyst shedding and protein digestibility. Faecal consistency was evaluated during the sampling using the faecal score scale (0-3 scale, considering diarrhoea > 1). The results showed a significant reduction in diarrhoea frequency in the TAN compared to the CTRL group (p < 0.05) over 30 days of the trial. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. was generally low (12%), considering all analysed samples. Protein digestibility revealed comparable values for the TAN and CTRL groups, suggesting that tannins did not negatively affect milk protein availability. In conclusion, the in-milk supplementation of 6/g day of the chestnut and quebracho tannin extract could be considered a valuable functional feed additive to decrease NCD occurrence, thus supporting animal health and decreasing antibiotic use in livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Dell’Anno
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences—DIVAS, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.D.); (S.F.); (I.F.); (S.T.); (E.B.); (S.G.); (C.A.S.R.)
| | - Sara Frazzini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences—DIVAS, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.D.); (S.F.); (I.F.); (S.T.); (E.B.); (S.G.); (C.A.S.R.)
| | - Irene Ferri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences—DIVAS, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.D.); (S.F.); (I.F.); (S.T.); (E.B.); (S.G.); (C.A.S.R.)
| | - Susanna Tuberti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences—DIVAS, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.D.); (S.F.); (I.F.); (S.T.); (E.B.); (S.G.); (C.A.S.R.)
| | - Elisa Bonaldo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences—DIVAS, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.D.); (S.F.); (I.F.); (S.T.); (E.B.); (S.G.); (C.A.S.R.)
| | - Benedetta Botti
- Freelance Veterinarian, Via Alessandrini, 4, Bogolese di Sorbolo, 43058 Parma, Italy;
| | - Silvia Grossi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences—DIVAS, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.D.); (S.F.); (I.F.); (S.T.); (E.B.); (S.G.); (C.A.S.R.)
| | - Carlo Angelo Sgoifo Rossi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences—DIVAS, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.D.); (S.F.); (I.F.); (S.T.); (E.B.); (S.G.); (C.A.S.R.)
| | - Luciana Rossi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences—DIVAS, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.D.); (S.F.); (I.F.); (S.T.); (E.B.); (S.G.); (C.A.S.R.)
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26
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Niu X, Xing Y, Wang J, Bai L, Xie Y, Zhu S, Sun M, Yang J, Li D, Liu Y. Effects of Caragana korshinskii tannin on fermentation, methane emission, community of methanogens, and metabolome of rumen in sheep. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1334045. [PMID: 38426060 PMCID: PMC10902071 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1334045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of dietary supplementation of Caragana korshinskii tannin (CKT) on rumen fermentation, methane emission, methanogen community and metabolome in rumen of sheep. A total of 15 crossbred sheep of the Dumont breed with similar body conditions, were divided into three groups (n = 5), which were fed with CKT addition at 0, 2 and 4%/kg DM. The study spanned a total of 74 days, with a 14-day period dedicated to adaptation and a subsequent 60-day period for conducting treatments. The results indicated that the levels of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and acetate were reduced (p < 0.05) in rumen sheep fed with 2 and 4% CKT; The crude protein (CP) digestibility of sheep in 2 and 4% CKT groups was decreased(p < 0.05); while the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility was increased (p < 0.05) in 4% CKT group. Furthermore, the supplementation of CKT resulted in a decrease (p < 0.05) in daily CH4 emissions from sheep by reducing the richness and diversity of ruminal methanogens community, meanwhile decreasing (p < 0.05) concentrations of tyramine that contribute to methane synthesis and increasing (p < 0.05) concentrations of N-methy-L-glutamic acid that do not contribute to CH4 synthesis. However, CH4 production of DMI, OMI, NDFI and metabolic weight did not differ significantly across the various treatments. To sum up, the addition of 4% CKT appeared to be a viable approach for reducing CH4 emissions from sheep without no negative effects. These findings suggest that CKT hold promise in mitigating methane emissions of ruminant. Further investigation is required to evaluate it effectiveness in practical feeding strategies for livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Niu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuanyaun Xing
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jingyao Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lili Bai
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yongfang Xie
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Shouqian Zhu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Mei Sun
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Dabiao Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- College of Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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Nankervis K, MacKechnie-Guire R, Maddock C, Pyatt A. Experiences of Interdisciplinary Working from the Perspective of the Society of Master Saddlers Qualified Saddle Fitters. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:559. [PMID: 38396527 PMCID: PMC10886140 DOI: 10.3390/ani14040559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Horse owners seek the advice and support of a number of equestrian professionals in carrying out their duty of care for their animal. In some instances, these professionals form a multi-disciplinary team (MDT). The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of the Society of Master Saddlers' qualified saddle fitters (SMSQSFs) working with other professionals and to understand the nature of inter-disciplinary working from an SMSQSF perspective. Semi-structured, one-to-one online interviews with fourteen SMSQSFs were completed. Areas explored included the nature of the participant's client base; the frequency and nature of their interactions with other professionals; their perceptions of horse owner expectations of an MDT approach; and any benefits, challenges, and barriers to an MDT approach within an equestrian setting. Interviews were video and audio recorded (MS Teams), transcribed verbatim (Otter ai), and imported into qualitative data analysis software (NVivo, version 12). Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Six themes were identified: (1) effective communication; (2) multidisciplinary expectations; (3) horse welfare; (4) professionalism; (5) relationships; (6) working together. Communication was recognised as a crucial component of an effective MDT. Most participants valued and desired an MDT approach. They felt they had a key role to play within the equestrian MDT, not only in the prevention of deterioration in horse welfare but also in improving the functionality and performance of the horse-rider partnership. Effective MDT working was also seen as having benefits to SMSQSFs and other professional stakeholders alike, although time and financial constraints were identified as barriers to MTD working. The role of the horse owner within the MDT was unclear and potentially complex, and this and other factors such as the professional identity of the SMSQSF, personal relationships, and input from others outside of the MDT team were identified as challenges to effective MDT working. This present study found that SMSQSFs experience similar benefits and challenges to an MDT approach as seen in human healthcare settings. The role of the horse owner, communication, and professional recognition are indicated as pivotal to MDT effectiveness in achieving optimal saddle fit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Nankervis
- Equine Department, Hartpury University, Gloucestershire GL19 3BE, UK; (R.M.-G.); (C.M.)
| | | | - Christy Maddock
- Equine Department, Hartpury University, Gloucestershire GL19 3BE, UK; (R.M.-G.); (C.M.)
| | - Alison Pyatt
- International Office, Veterinary Medicines Directorate, Addlestone KT15 3LS, UK;
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Interlandi C, Tabbì M, Di Pietro S, D’Angelo F, Costa GL, Arfuso F, Giudice E, Licata P, Macrì D, Crupi R, Gugliandolo E. Improved quality of life and pain relief in mature horses with osteoarthritis after oral transmucosal cannabidiol oil administration as part of an analgesic regimen. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1341396. [PMID: 38379920 PMCID: PMC10876772 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1341396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oral cannabidiol (CBD) administration in addition to a conventional analgesic protocol on the clinical signs of 20 horses with mild joint osteoarthritis. The horses were randomly assigned to either the control group (C group) or the cannabidiol group (CBD group). Both groups were treated with phenylbutazone for 5 days. The CBD group received 0.03 mg/kg cannabidiol in hemp oil orally once daily for 14 days in addition to phenylbutazone treatment. All subjects were monitored for clinical parameters, oxidative status and blood counts. Pain and quality of life were also assessed using the Horse Chronic Pain Scale (HCPS). The CBD group showed a significant reduction in heart rate, respiratory rate, white blood cell count and oxidative stress (malondialdehyde lipid peroxidation). A significant reduction in HCPS scores was seen in both groups. Lower scores were recorded in the CBD group (3 med; range: 2/4) than in the C group (7 med; range: 4/10). The addition of a cannabidiol-based product to an analgesic protocol was well tolerated and showed positive effects on the treated subjects, improving their quality of life and pain relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Interlandi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Tabbì
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Simona Di Pietro
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Giovanna L. Costa
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesca Arfuso
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Giudice
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Patrizia Licata
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Lee JM, Lee GH, Kim K. Attending veterinarians improve the research capability and psychological well-being of researchers in animal research institutes. Front Vet Sci 2024; 10:1340225. [PMID: 38249556 PMCID: PMC10797093 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1340225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of laboratory animals in biomedical research has significantly advanced scientific understanding, yet it raises ethical concerns about animal welfare and the mental health of researchers Recent research has highlighted the potential for stress and compassion fatigue among researchers working with distressed animals. Attending veterinarians (AVs) are crucial in mitigating the pain and stress experienced by animals and, by extension, researchers. However, the impact of AVs on researchers' psychological well-being remains understudied. This study explores how AVs contribute to researchers' research capability and psychological well-being in animal research institutions. AVs oversee animal housing, health, and welfare; their involvement is mandated or strongly recommended in developed countries. AVs enhance animal welfare by ensuring proper housing, nutrition, and social interaction. They monitor animal health, educate researchers on pain assessment, and promote compliance with post-surgical care. AVs also contribute to researchers' well-being by addressing euthanasia procedures, which can be emotionally challenging. Programs for rehoming animals after experiments offer an alternative to euthanasia and positively impact researchers' psychological well-being. Moreover, AVs promote workplace well-being by fostering positive workplace cultures, offering peer counseling, and providing social support. Programs considering animal welfare and researchers' emotions are crucial for a healthy research environment. In conclusion, AVs are essential in balancing scientific progress with animal welfare and researchers' psychological well-being. Therefore, their role should be recognized as vital in achieving social equity that considers the welfare of humans and laboratory animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Min Lee
- Research Ethics Team, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang-Hoon Lee
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - KilSoo Kim
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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