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Haque MA, Nath ND, Johnston TV, Haruna S, Ahn J, Ovissipour R, Ku S. Harnessing biotechnology for penicillin production: Opportunities and environmental considerations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174236. [PMID: 38942308 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Since the discovery of antibiotics, penicillin has remained the top choice in clinical medicine. With continuous advancements in biotechnology, penicillin production has become cost-effective and efficient. Genetic engineering techniques have been employed to enhance biosynthetic pathways, leading to the production of new penicillin derivatives with improved properties and increased efficacy against antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Advances in bioreactor design, media formulation, and process optimization have contributed to higher yields, reduced production costs, and increased penicillin accessibility. While biotechnological advances have clearly benefited the global production of this life-saving drug, they have also created challenges in terms of waste management. Production fermentation broths from industries contain residual antibiotics, by-products, and other contaminants that pose direct environmental threats, while increased global consumption intensifies the risk of antimicrobial resistance in both the environment and living organisms. The current geographical and spatial distribution of antibiotic and penicillin consumption dramatically reveals a worldwide threat. These challenges are being addressed through the development of novel waste management techniques. Efforts are aimed at both upstream and downstream processing of antibiotic and penicillin production to minimize costs and improve yield efficiency while lowering the overall environmental impact. Yield optimization using artificial intelligence (AI), along with biological and chemical treatment of waste, is also being explored to reduce adverse impacts. The implementation of strict regulatory frameworks and guidelines is also essential to ensure proper management and disposal of penicillin production waste. This review is novel because it explores the key remaining challenges in antibiotic development, the scope of machine learning tools such as Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) in modern biotechnology-driven production, improved waste management for antibiotics, discovering alternative path to reducing antibiotic use in agriculture through alternative meat production, addressing current practices, and offering effective recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ariful Haque
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA.
| | - Nirmalendu Deb Nath
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA.
| | - Tony Vaughn Johnston
- Fermentation Science Program, School of Agriculture, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, USA.
| | - Samuel Haruna
- Fermentation Science Program, School of Agriculture, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, USA.
| | - Jaehyun Ahn
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA.
| | - Reza Ovissipour
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA.
| | - Seockmo Ku
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA.
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Liu Q, Zhang W, Wang B, Shi J, He P, Jia L, Huang Y, Xu M, Ma Y, Cheng Q, Lei Z. Effects of Oregano Essential Oil on IgA +, IgG +, and IgM + Cells in the Jejunum of Castrated Holstein Bulls. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3766. [PMID: 38136804 PMCID: PMC10740482 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of oregano essential oil on IgA+, IgG+, and IgM+ cells in the jejunum of castrated Holstein bulls. Twelve castrated Holstein bulls were randomly divided into control (YCK) and oregano essential oil (YEO) groups. Pathological changes in the jejunum were observed by HE staining, and the expression levels of IgA, IgG, and IgM in the jejunum were detected by ELISA. The distributions of IgA+, IgG+, and IgM+ cells in the jejunum were analysed by multiplex immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. The results showed that the jejunal villi were detached in the YCK group, which may have been related to inflammation, while the intestinal epithelium was clear and intact in the YEO group. The expressions of IgA, IgG, and IgM were significantly reduced by 40.75%, 30.76%, and 50.87%. The IgA+, IgG+, and IgM+ cells were diffusely distributed in the lamina propria of the jejunum, and were reduced by 17.07%, 6.44%, and 6.15%, respectively. Oregano essential oil did not alter the distribution characteristics of IgA+, IgG+, or IgM+ cells in the jejunum, but it suppressed inflammatory response, decreased immunoglobulin content, and significantly enhanced the formation of an immune barrier in the gastrointestinal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Q.L.); (J.S.); (P.H.); (L.J.); (M.X.); (Y.M.)
| | - Wangdong Zhang
- College of Animal Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (W.Z.); (B.W.)
| | - Baoshan Wang
- College of Animal Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (W.Z.); (B.W.)
| | - Jinping Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Q.L.); (J.S.); (P.H.); (L.J.); (M.X.); (Y.M.)
| | - Pengjia He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Q.L.); (J.S.); (P.H.); (L.J.); (M.X.); (Y.M.)
| | - Li Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Q.L.); (J.S.); (P.H.); (L.J.); (M.X.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yongliang Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Q.L.); (J.S.); (P.H.); (L.J.); (M.X.); (Y.M.)
| | - Meiling Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Q.L.); (J.S.); (P.H.); (L.J.); (M.X.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yue Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Q.L.); (J.S.); (P.H.); (L.J.); (M.X.); (Y.M.)
| | - Qiang Cheng
- Jing Chuan Xu Kang Food Co., Ltd., Pingliang 745000, China;
| | - Zhaomin Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Q.L.); (J.S.); (P.H.); (L.J.); (M.X.); (Y.M.)
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Lodh S, Das PK, Mukherjee J, Naskar S, Banerjee D, Ghosh PR, Munsi S, Patra AK. Effect of dietary oregano essential oil and milk replacer on physiological status and immunological responses of pre- and post-weaned Ghoongroo piglets. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:2793-2804. [PMID: 36062916 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2118131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Ghoongroo pigs have good adaptability in a low input production system with high prolificacy. The present study was conducted on pre-and post-weaned Ghoongroo piglets from 2-3 days to 12 weeks of age to evaluate the effect of a milk replacer and oregano essential oil (EO) on growth, physiological and immunological responses. Thirty six piglets were randomly divided into three groups. The control group (n = 12) was allowed to suck mother's milk. Second group piglets were provided milk replacer (MR) and piglets of the third group were provided milk replacer along with oregano EO at 500 mg/kg diet. After weaning, piglets were provided standard concentrate diets. The results showed that the body weight in MR and MR + EO groups were significantly higher compared with the control. The MR + EO group had better intestinal microbiota, greater nonspecific innate immunity with the phagocytosis efficacy of neutrophils, lower cortisol concentration and more stable thyroid hormones than the other groups. The better haematological status supported the rapid organ development and improved intestinal health status in both the experimental groups. In conclusion, milk replacer, especially with the inclusion of oregano EO, can lower weaning stress, enhance nonspecific immunity and improve growth and health status of piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Lodh
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Pradip Kumar Das
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Joydip Mukherjee
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Shyamal Naskar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Eastern Regional Station, Kolkata, India
| | - Dipak Banerjee
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Prabal Ranjan Ghosh
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Suparna Munsi
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Amlan Kumar Patra
- Department of Animal Nutrition, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India
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Zhang F, Yang J, Zhan Q, Shi H, Li Y, Li D, Li Y, Yang X. Dietary oregano aqueous extract improves growth performance and intestinal health of broilers through modulating gut microbial compositions. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:77. [PMID: 37653529 PMCID: PMC10472629 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00857-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal health plays a pivotal role in broiler chicken growth. Oregano aqueous extract (OAE) effectively exerts anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects. However, the protective effects of OAE on intestinal health in broilers and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of OAE on growth performance, the gut microbiota and intestinal health. A total of 840 1-d-old male and female broilers (Arbor Acres) were randomly allocated into 6 groups as follows: basal diet (Con), Con + antibiotics (Anti, colistin sulfate 7 g/kg, roxarsone 35 g/kg), Con + 400, 500, 600 and 700 mg/kg OAE (OAE400, OAE500, OAE600 and OAE700). Subsequently, fermentation in vitro together with oral administration trials were carried out to further assess the function of OAE on intestinal health of broilers. RESULTS Dietary 700 mg/kg OAE supplementation resulted in an increase (P < 0.05) in body weight and a decrease (P < 0.05) in feed conversion ratio when compared with the control during d 22 to 42 of the trial. OAE addition resulted in lower (P < 0.05) jejunal crypt depth and mRNA expression of IL-4 and IL-10 at d 42. In addition, dietary OAE addition increased the abundance of Firmicutes (P = 0.087) and Lactobacillus (P < 0.05) in the cecum, and increased (P < 0.05) the content of acetic acid and butyric acid. In the in vitro fermentation test, OAE significantly increased (P < 0.05) the abundance of Lactobacillus, decreased (P < 0.05) the abundance of unspecified_Enterobacteriaceae, and increased the content of acetic acid (P < 0.05). In the oral administration trial, higher (P < 0.05) IL-4 expression was found in broilers when oral inoculation with oregano fermentation microorganisms at d 42. And SIgA content in the ileum was significantly increased (P = 0.073) when giving OAE fermentation supernatant. CONCLUSIONS Dietary OAE addition could maintain intestinal health and improve growth performance through enhancing intestinal mucosal immunity and barrier function mediated by gut microbiota changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Jiantao Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Qinyi Zhan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Hao Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Yanhe Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Dinggang Li
- Baoding Jizhong Pharmaceutical Corporation, LTD, Baoding, Hebei China
| | - Yingge Li
- Shaanxi Province Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Station, Xi’an, Shaanxi China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
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Chen F, Wang Y, Wang K, Chen J, Jin K, Peng K, Chen X, Liu Z, Ouyang J, Wang Y, Zhang X, Zou H, Zhou J, He B, Lin Q. Effects of Litsea cubeba essential oil on growth performance, blood antioxidation, immune function, apparent digestibility of nutrients, and fecal microflora of pigs. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1166022. [PMID: 37465523 PMCID: PMC10350539 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1166022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of Litsea cubeba essential oil (LCO) on the growth performance, blood antioxidation, immune function, apparent digestibility of nutrients, and fecal microflora in fattening pigs. A total of 120 pigs were randomly assigned to five groups, with six replicate pens per treatment and four pigs per pen, and they were fed basal diet, chlortetracycline (CTC), and low-, medium-, and high-concentration LCO. The results of the study showed that compared with the control treatment and CTC addition treatment of the basic diet, the catalase level in the serum of the pigs treated with 500 mg/kg LCO in the diet of finishing pigs was significantly increased (p < 0.05). The apparent digestibility of crude protein, crude ash, and calcium in pigs with different levels of LCO was significantly increased compared with the control treatments fed the basal diet (p < 0.05). In addition, compared with the control treatment fed the basal diet and the treatment with CTC, the apparent digestibility of ether extract in pigs treated with medium-dose LCO was significantly increased (p < 0.05), and the apparent digestibility of pigs was significantly increased after the addition of low-dose LCO (p < 0.05). Among the genera, the percentage abundance of SMB53 (p < 0.05) was decreased in the feces of the CTC group when compared to that in the medium-LCO group. At the same time, the relative abundance of L7A_E11 was markedly decreased in the feces of the control and medium- and high-concentration LCO group than that in the CTC group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, adding the level of 250 mg/kg LCO in the diet of pig could improve the growth performance and blood physiological and biochemical indicators of pigs, improve the antioxidant level of body and the efficiency of digestion and absorption of nutrients, and show the potential to replace CTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengming Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the TCM Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yushi Wang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Kaijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the TCM Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ke Jin
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Kaiqiang Peng
- Hunan Nuoz Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Yiyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Hunan Nuoz Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Yiyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zhimou Liu
- Hunan Nuoz Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Yiyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jiang Ouyang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the TCM Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoya Zhang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Haowei Zou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the TCM Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Binsheng He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the TCM Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Lin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the TCM Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
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Ambrosio CMS, Alvim ID, Wen C, Gómez Expósito R, Aalvink S, Contreras Castillo CJ, Da Gloria EM, Smidt H. Exploring the effect of a microencapsulated citrus essential oil on in vitro fermentation kinetics of pig gut microbiota. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:952706. [PMID: 36106076 PMCID: PMC9465239 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.952706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) have emerged as a potential alternative to antibiotics in pig breeding due to their antimicrobial properties. Citrus EOs, a common by-product of the orange juice industry, can be an interesting alternative from a financial perspective due to their huge offer in the global market. Thus, the effect of a citrus EO, and specifically different formulations of Brazilian Orange Terpenes (BOT), on pig gut microbiota was evaluated by means of an in vitro fermentation model simulating different sections of the pig gut (stomach, ileum, and colon). Treatments consisted in: BOT in its unprotected form (BOT, 1.85 and 3.70 mg/mL), microencapsulated BOT (MBOT, 3.50 and 7.00 mg/mL), colistin (2 μg/mL), and a control. BOT and MBOT altered in a similar way the total bacterial 16S rRNA gene copies in the stomach only from 18 h of incubation onwards, and no metabolite production in terms of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) was detected. In ileal and colonic fermentations, BOT and MBOT affected ileal and colonic microbiota in terms of total bacterial 16S rRNA gene copies, reduced phylogenetic diversity, and altered composition (p < 0.05) as evidenced by the significant reduction of certain bacterial taxa. However, more pronounced effects were found for MBOT, indicating its higher antimicrobial effects compared to the unprotected BOT, and suggesting that the antibacterial efficiency of the unprotected BOT was probably enhanced by microencapsulation. Furthermore, MBOT stimulated lactate production in ileal fermentations and greatly stimulated overall SCFA production in colonic fermentations. This indicates that besides the shifts in ileal and colonic microbiota by the delivered EO (BOT), the wall material of microcapsules (chitosan/modified starch) might have worked as an additional carbon source with prebiotic functioning, stimulating growth and metabolic activity (SCFAs) of colonic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen M. S. Ambrosio
- Dirección de Investigación, Innovación y Responsabilidad Social, Universidad Privada del Norte (UPN), Trujillo, Peru
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Carmen M. S. Ambrosio
| | - Izabella D. Alvim
- Technology Center of Cereal and Chocolate, Institute of Food Technology (ITAL), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caifang Wen
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ruth Gómez Expósito
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Société des Produits Nestlé S. A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Steven Aalvink
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Carmen J. Contreras Castillo
- Department of Agri-Food Industry, Food and Nutrition, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M. Da Gloria
- Department of Biological Science, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Hauke Smidt
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Hsu JE, Lo SH, Lin YY, Wang HT, Chen CY. Effects of essential oil mixtures on nitrogen metabolism and odor emission via in vitro simulated digestion and in vivo growing pig experiments. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:1939-1947. [PMID: 34520072 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Essential oils (EOs) are extensively used in swine production because of their bioactive action in gut health. In addition, some EOs have the potential to reduce waste emission. The present study aimed to find an optimal combination of carvacrol, thymol and cinnamaldehyde to promote nitrogen utilization and reduce waste emission by a model in vitro and an animal study. RESULTS In the study in vitro, various dosages of essential oils (EOs) were used to evaluate the effect on nitrogen metabolism through a three-step model. Compared with other EO combinations, 2EO (10 ppm cinnamaldehyde and 20 ppm thymol), and 3EO (10 ppm cinnamaldehyde, 20 ppm thymol and 200 ppm carvacrol) displayed greater nitrogen digestibility, lesser ammonia production and lower activity of microbial enzymes. In the animal study, growing male Landrace × Yorkshire pigs (initial body weight: 31.8 ± 3.3 kg, n = 18) were randomly divided into three groups and fed the control, 2EO or 3EO diet for 4 weeks. Pigs fed 3EO exhibited the greatest nitrogen digestibility (85.4%, P < 0.05). EO supplementation decreased the emission of ammonia (130-140 vs. 223 mg g-1 ) and total fecal nitrogen (8.0-9.9 vs. 12.4 g d-1 ) (P < 0.05). Microbial protease and urease activities were inhibited by EO treatments (P < 0.01). Both 2EO and 3EO reduced the content of indole and 3-methylindole (P < 0.01), whereas only 2EO caused a decrease in p-cresol (P < 0.1). CONCLUSION 2EO was suitable for reducing waste emission and odorous compounds in growing pigs, whereas 3EO was optimal for increasing nitrogen utilization and partially reducing waste odorous compounds. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-En Hsu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hua Lo
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Yu Lin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hang-Tsung Wang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Sun J, Cheng Z, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Wang H, Ren Z. Influence of increasing levels of oregano essential oil on intestinal morphology, intestinal flora and performance of Sewa sheep. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2048208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Sun
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, China
| | - Zhipeng Cheng
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, China
| | - Yaomei Wang
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, China
| | - Honghui Wang
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, China
| | - Zili Ren
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, China
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Duarte ME, Kim SW. Intestinal microbiota and its interaction to intestinal health in nursery pigs. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 8:169-184. [PMID: 34977387 PMCID: PMC8683651 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota has gained increased attention from researchers within the swine industry due to its role in promoting intestinal maturation, immune system modulation, and consequently the enhancement of the health and growth performance of the host. This review aimed to provide updated scientific information on the interaction among intestinal microbiota, dietary components, and intestinal health of pigs. The small intestine is a key site to evaluate the interaction of the microbiota, diet, and host because it is the main site for digestion and absorption of nutrients and plays an important role within the immune system. The diet and its associated components such as feed additives are the main factors affecting the microbial composition and is central in stimulating a beneficial population of microbiota. The microbiota–host interaction modulates the immune system, and, concurrently, the immune system helps to modulate the microbiota composition. The direct interaction between the microbiota and the host is an indication that the mucosa-associated microbiota can be more effective in evaluating its effect on health parameters. It was demonstrated that the mucosa-associated microbiota should be evaluated when analyzing the interaction among diets, microbiota, and health. In addition, supplementation of feed additives aimed to promote the intestinal health of pigs should consider their roles in the modulation of mucosa-associated microbiota as biomarkers to predict the response of growth performance to dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Elias Duarte
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, United States
| | - Sung Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, United States
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Zhang R, Wu J, Lei Y, Bai Y, Jia L, Li Z, Liu T, Xu Y, Sun J, Wang Y, Zhang K, Lei Z. Oregano Essential Oils Promote Rumen Digestive Ability by Modulating Epithelial Development and Microbiota Composition in Beef Cattle. Front Nutr 2021; 8:722557. [PMID: 34859026 PMCID: PMC8631176 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.722557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the effects of oregano essential oils (OEO) on the rumen digestive ability using multi-omics sequencing techniques. Twenty-seven castrated Pingliang red cattle were randomly separated into three groups (3 cattle/pen; n = 9) and fed on a daily basal diet supplemented with 0 (Con group), 130 mg (L group), and 260 mg (H group) OEO. The finishing trial lasted for 390 days, and all cattle were slaughtered to collect rumen tissue and content samples. We found that the rumen papillae length in the H group was higher than in the Con group. Amylase concentrations were decreased in the H group than the Con group, whereas the β-glucosidase and cellulase concentrations increased. Compared to the Con group, the relative abundance of propionate and butyrate in the H group was significantly higher. Higher relative abundance of Parabacteroides distasonis and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron were observed with increasing OEO concentration. The function of rumen microbiota was enriched in the GH43_17 family, mainly encoding xylanase. Besides, metabolites, including heparin, pantetheine, sorbic acid, aspirin, and farnesene concentrations increased with increasing OEO dose. A positive correlation was observed between Parabacteroides distasonis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, and β-glucosidase, cellulase and propionate. The abundance of Parabacteroides distasonis and Parabacteroides_sp._CAG:409 were positively correlated with sorbic acid and farnesene. In summary, OEO supplementation increased the rumen digestive ability by modulating epithelial development and microbiota composition in beef cattle. This study provides a comprehensive insight into the OEO application as an alternative strategy to improve ruminant health production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Institute of Rural Development, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu Lei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yunpeng Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zemin Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ting Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yangbin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jianxiang Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhaomin Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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11
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Li C, Niu J, Liu Y, Li F, Liu L. The effects of oregano essential oil on production performance and intestinal barrier function in growing Hyla rabbits. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.2005471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Li
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Jinling Niu
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Yongxu Liu
- Qingdao Kangda Food Co., Ltd., Huangdao, China
| | - Fuchang Li
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
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12
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Hofmann HH, Heusler K, Roth K, Pröll-Cornelissen MJ, Große-Brinkhaus C, Schellander K, Neuhoff C. Oregano essential oil showed limited effects on pigs' carcass quality and haematology whereas a transcriptome analysis revealed significant modulations in the jejunum and the ileum. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 106:1017-1035. [PMID: 34617344 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pig production depends on a health and performance balance. An approach to improve intestinal health is the oregano essential oil (OEO) supplementation within a conventional diet. Intestinal integrity regulating effects, for example gene expression, of some feed ingredients are important key factors for that balance. We hypothesized that OEO affects the expression of genes associated with pigs' intestinal integrity. In four trials, a total of 86 pigs have been used. From weaning, the 'treated' group (n = 42) was additionally fed an oregano flavour additive [1500 mg/kg (7.5% pure OEO)] within the basal diet. The 'control' group (n = 44) was kept under identical environmental conditions, except the OEO. At age of 6 months, pigs were slaughtered with an average weight of 111.1 ± 10.9 kg. In addition to automatically generated 'Fat-o-Meter' (AutoFOM) data, carcass quality factors have been measured manually. Valuable cuts of meat, such as ham and belly, were significantly reduced in the OEO group. Effects of OEO on pigs' haematologic parameters were very limited. For transcriptome analysis, the most interesting microarray expression results have been listed in a table (topTable). Selected genes were technically validated by qPCR. As a result, few significant differences in animal development and meat quality have been found between the OEO treated and the control group. Depending on OEO supplementation, we found 93 differently regulated genes in the jejunal tissue (70 up, 23 down) and 60 in the ileal tissue (48 up, 12 down). Just three genes (GRIN3B [glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 3B], TJP1/ZO-1 [tight junction protein ZO-1] and one uncharacterized gene) were affected by OEO both in jejunum and ileum. qPCR validation revealed AKT serine/threonine kinase 3 (AKT3), Interferon (IFN) -ε, -ω, tight junction protein (TJP1)/ZO-1 (ZO-1) to be upregulated in the jejunum and C-C motif chemokine ligand 21 (CCL21) was upregulated in the ileum of pigs that were supplemented with OEO. OEO supplementation had limited effects on pigs' performance traits. However, we were able to demonstrate that OEO alters the expression of genes associated with adaptive immune response in pigs' small intestine. These findings help to explain OEOs' beneficial impact on pigs' intestinal integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiko Hendrik Hofmann
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry/Animal Genetics Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Heusler
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry/Animal Genetics Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Roth
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry/Animal Genetics Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Christine Große-Brinkhaus
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry/Animal Genetics Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karl Schellander
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry/Animal Genetics Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christiane Neuhoff
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry/Animal Genetics Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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13
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Koutsoumanis K, Allende A, Alvarez‐Ordóñez A, Bolton D, Bover‐Cid S, Chemaly M, Davies R, De Cesare A, Herman L, Hilbert F, Lindqvist R, Nauta M, Ru G, Simmons M, Skandamis P, Suffredini E, Andersson DI, Bampidis V, Bengtsson‐Palme J, Bouchard D, Ferran A, Kouba M, López Puente S, López‐Alonso M, Nielsen SS, Pechová A, Petkova M, Girault S, Broglia A, Guerra B, Innocenti ML, Liébana E, López‐Gálvez G, Manini P, Stella P, Peixe L. Maximum levels of cross-contamination for 24 antimicrobial active substances in non-target feed. Part 12: Tetracyclines: tetracycline, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, and doxycycline. EFSA J 2021; 19:e06864. [PMID: 34729092 PMCID: PMC8546800 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The specific concentrations of tetracycline, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline and doxycycline in non-target feed for food-producing animals, below which there would not be an effect on the emergence of, and/or selection for, resistance in bacteria relevant for human and animal health, as well as the specific antimicrobial concentrations in feed which have an effect in terms of growth promotion/increased yield were assessed by EFSA in collaboration with EMA. Details of the methodology used for this assessment, associated data gaps and uncertainties are presented in a separate document. To address antimicrobial resistance, the Feed Antimicrobial Resistance Selection Concentration (FARSC) model developed specifically for the assessment was applied. The FARSC for these four tetracyclines was estimated. To address growth promotion, data from scientific publications obtained from an extensive literature review were used. Levels in feed that showed to have an effect on growth promotion/increased yield were reported for tetracycline, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, whilst for doxycycline no suitable data for the assessment were available. Uncertainties and data gaps associated with the levels reported were addressed. It was recommended to perform further studies to supply more diverse and complete data related to the requirements for calculation of the FARSC for these antimicrobials.
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14
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Feng J, Lu M, Wang J, Zhang H, Qiu K, Qi G, Wu S. Dietary oregano essential oil supplementation improves intestinal functions and alters gut microbiota in late-phase laying hens. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:72. [PMID: 34225796 PMCID: PMC8259136 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00600-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary essential oil (EO) supplementation can exert favorable effects on gut health in broilers. However, it is unknown whether EO could improve intestinal functions, consequently beneficial for egg performance and quality in late-phase laying hens. This study was aimed to investigate the potential effects of EO on production performance, egg quality, intestinal health and ileal microbiota of hens in the late phase of production. A total of 288 60-week-old Hy-line Brown laying hens were randomly divided into 4 groups and fed a basal diet (control) or basal diets supplemented with oregano EO at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg (EO100, EO200 and EO400). RESULTS Dietary EO supplementation resulted in a quadratic decrease (P < 0.05) in feed conversion ratio with lower (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio in EO200 group than the control during weeks 9-12 and 1-12 of the trial. Compared to the control, EO addition resulted in higher (P < 0.05) eggshell thickness at the end of week. 4, 8 and 12 and higher (P < 0.05) chymotrypsin activity. There was a quadratic elevation (P < 0.05) in ileal chymotrypsin and lipase activity, along with a linear increase in villus height to crypt depth ratio. Quadratic declines (P < 0.05) in mRNA expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ and TLR-4, concurrent with a linear and quadratic increase (P < 0.05) in ZO-1 expression were identified in the ileum with EO addition. These favorable effects were maximized at medium dosage (200 mg/kg) of EO addition and intestinal microbial composition in the control and EO200 groups were assessed. Dietary EO addition increased (P < 0.05) the abundances of Burkholderiales, Actinobacteria, Bifidobacteriales, Enterococcaceae and Bacillaceae, whereas decreased Shigella abundance in the ileum. CONCLUSIONS Dietary EO addition could enhance digestive enzyme activity, improve gut morphology, epithelial barrier functions and modulate mucosal immune status by altering microbial composition, thus favoring feed efficiency and eggshell quality of late-phase laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Feng
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South St., Haidian District, Beijing, 10081, China
| | - Mingyuan Lu
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South St., Haidian District, Beijing, 10081, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South St., Haidian District, Beijing, 10081, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South St., Haidian District, Beijing, 10081, China
| | - Kai Qiu
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South St., Haidian District, Beijing, 10081, China
| | - Guanghai Qi
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South St., Haidian District, Beijing, 10081, China.
| | - Shugeng Wu
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South St., Haidian District, Beijing, 10081, China.
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15
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Zhang LY, Peng QY, Liu YR, Ma QG, Zhang JY, Guo YP, Xue Z, Zhao LH. Effects of oregano essential oil as an antibiotic growth promoter alternative on growth performance, antioxidant status, and intestinal health of broilers. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101163. [PMID: 34082177 PMCID: PMC8181178 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to assess the comparative effects of dietary antibiotics and oregano essential oil (OEO) addition on growth performance, antioxidant status and intestinal health of broilers. A total of 384 one-day-old broilers were randomly allocated to 4 treatments with 6 replicates of 16 broilers each. The 4 treatments were: an antibiotic-free control diet (control), control + 20 mg/kg colistin sulfate and 20 mg/kg virginiamycin (antibiotics), control + 200 mg/kg natural oregano essential oil (NOEO), and control + 200 mg/kg synthetic oregano essential oil (SOEO). The experiment lasted for 42 d. Results showed that birds fed with OEO had greater (P < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and lower (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) than those fed with control diet during d 1 to 21. Besides, birds fed with NOEO had the greatest (P < 0.05) ADG in the four groups during d 22 to 42. The serum oxidative stress parameters showed that OEO improved (P < 0.05) the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) of birds on day 21 and the activity of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) of birds on d 42. Relative to control, NOEO increased (P < 0.05) the activity of T-AOC in jejunum and decreased (P < 0.05) the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum and jejunum. Moreover, OEO supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the concentrations of sIgA in duodenum and jejunum, Lactobacillus and total anaerobes in cecum, as well as activities of trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase and amylase in duodenum, but restrained (P < 0.05) the amount of Escherichia coli. The NOEO supplementation increased (P < 0.05) total anaerobes of broilers on d 42 and the villus height to crypt depth ratio (VH/CD) of ileum. These results suggest that OEO improved antioxidant status and intestinal health of broilers which contributed to the growth performance improvement of broilers. Dietary OEO supplementation can be a promising alternative to antibiotic growth promoters for improving poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Y Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China; Henan Agricultural Foreign Economic Cooperation Center, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Q Y Peng
- Kemin (China) Technologies Co. Ltd., Zhuhai 519040, PR China
| | - Y R Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Q G Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - J Y Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Y P Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Z Xue
- Kemin (China) Technologies Co. Ltd., Zhuhai 519040, PR China
| | - L H Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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16
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Rabelo-Ruiz M, Teso-Pérez C, Peralta-Sánchez JM, Ariza JJ, Martín-Platero AM, Casabuena-Rincón Ó, Vázquez-Chas P, Guillamón E, Aguinaga-Casañas MA, Maqueda M, Valdivia E, Baños A, Martínez-Bueno M. Allium Extract Implements Weaned Piglet's Productive Parameters by Modulating Distal Gut Microbiota. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10030269. [PMID: 33800152 PMCID: PMC8001633 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10030269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has risen as a global threat for human health. One of the leading factors for this emergence has been the massive use of antibiotics growth-promoter (AGPs) in livestock, enhancing the spread of AMR among human pathogenic bacteria. Thus, several alternatives such as probiotics, prebiotics, or phytobiotics have been proposed for using in animal feeding to maintain or improve productive levels while diminishing the negative effects of AGPs. Reducing the use of antibiotics is a key aspect in the pig rearing for production reasons, as well as for the production of high-quality pork, acceptable to consumers. Here we analyze the potential use of Allium extract as an alternative. In this study, weaned piglets were fed with Allium extract supplementation and compared with control and antibiotic (colistin and zinc oxide) treated piglets. The effects of Allium extract were tested by analyzing the gut microbiome and measuring different productive parameters. Alpha diversity indices decreased significantly in Allium extract group in caecum and colon. Regarding beta diversity, significant differences between treatments appeared only in caecum and colon. Allium extract and antibiotic piglets showed better values of body weight (BW), average daily weight gain (ADG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) than control group. These results indicate that productive parameters can be implemented by modifying the gut microbiota through phytobiotics such as Allium extract, which will drive to drop the use of antibiotics in piglet diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Rabelo-Ruiz
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (C.T.-P.); (J.M.P.-S.); (A.M.M.-P.); (M.M.); (E.V.); (M.M.-B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Claudia Teso-Pérez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (C.T.-P.); (J.M.P.-S.); (A.M.M.-P.); (M.M.); (E.V.); (M.M.-B.)
| | - Juan Manuel Peralta-Sánchez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (C.T.-P.); (J.M.P.-S.); (A.M.M.-P.); (M.M.); (E.V.); (M.M.-B.)
| | - Juan José Ariza
- Departamento de Microbiología y Biotecnología, DMC Research Center, Camino de Jayena s/n, 18620 Granada, Spain; (J.J.A.); (E.G.); (M.A.A.-C.); (A.B.)
| | - Antonio Manuel Martín-Platero
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (C.T.-P.); (J.M.P.-S.); (A.M.M.-P.); (M.M.); (E.V.); (M.M.-B.)
| | - Óscar Casabuena-Rincón
- IMASDE AGROALIMENTARIA S.L., 28224 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain; (Ó.C.-R.); (P.V.-C.)
| | - Patricia Vázquez-Chas
- IMASDE AGROALIMENTARIA S.L., 28224 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain; (Ó.C.-R.); (P.V.-C.)
| | - Enrique Guillamón
- Departamento de Microbiología y Biotecnología, DMC Research Center, Camino de Jayena s/n, 18620 Granada, Spain; (J.J.A.); (E.G.); (M.A.A.-C.); (A.B.)
| | - María Arántzazu Aguinaga-Casañas
- Departamento de Microbiología y Biotecnología, DMC Research Center, Camino de Jayena s/n, 18620 Granada, Spain; (J.J.A.); (E.G.); (M.A.A.-C.); (A.B.)
| | - Mercedes Maqueda
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (C.T.-P.); (J.M.P.-S.); (A.M.M.-P.); (M.M.); (E.V.); (M.M.-B.)
| | - Eva Valdivia
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (C.T.-P.); (J.M.P.-S.); (A.M.M.-P.); (M.M.); (E.V.); (M.M.-B.)
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Alberto Baños
- Departamento de Microbiología y Biotecnología, DMC Research Center, Camino de Jayena s/n, 18620 Granada, Spain; (J.J.A.); (E.G.); (M.A.A.-C.); (A.B.)
| | - Manuel Martínez-Bueno
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (C.T.-P.); (J.M.P.-S.); (A.M.M.-P.); (M.M.); (E.V.); (M.M.-B.)
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
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17
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Xu B, Fu J, Zhu L, Li Z, Jin M, Wang Y. Overall assessment of antibiotic substitutes for pigs: a set of meta-analyses. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:3. [PMID: 33413687 PMCID: PMC7792336 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00534-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antibiotic growth promoters are widely used to improve weight gain. However, the abuse of antibiotics can have many negative effects on people. Developing alternatives to antibiotics is an urgent need in livestock production. We aimed to perform a meta-analysis and network meta-analysis (NMA) to investigate the effects of feed additives as potential antibiotic substitutes (ASs) on bacteriostasis, growth performance, intestinal morphology and immunity. Furthermore, the primary, secondary, and tertiary ASs were defined by comparing their results with the results of antibiotics. Results Among 16,309 identified studies, 37 were summarized to study the bacteriostasis effects of feed additives, and 89 were included in the meta-analysis and NMA (10,228 pigs). We summarized 268 associations of 57 interventions with 32 bacteria. The order of bacteriostasis effects was as follows: antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) ≈ antibiotics>organic acids>plant extracts>oligosaccharides. We detected associations of 11 feed additives and 11 outcomes. Compared with a basal diet, plant extract, AMPs, probiotics, microelements, organic acids, bacteriophages, lysozyme, zymin, and oligosaccharides significantly improved growth performance (P < 0.05); organic acids, probiotics, microelements, lysozyme, and AMPs remarkably increased the villus height:crypt depth ratio (V/C) (P < 0.05); and plant extracts, zymin, microelements, probiotics, and organic acids notably improved immunity (P < 0.05). The optimal AMP, bacteriophage, lysozyme, microelements, oligosaccharides, organic acids, plants, plant extracts, probiotics, and zymin doses were 0.100%, 0.150%, 0.012%, 0.010%, 0.050%, 0.750%, 0.20%, 0.040%, 0.180%, and 0.100%, respectively. Compared with antibiotics, all investigated feed additives exhibited no significant difference in effects on growth performance, IgG, and diarrhoea index/rate (P > 0.05); AMPs and microelements significantly increased V/C (P < 0.05); and zymin significantly improved lymphocyte levels (P < 0.05). Furthermore, linear weighting sum models were used to comprehensively estimate the overall impact of each feed additive on pig growth and health. Conclusions Our findings suggest that AMPs and plant extracts can be used as primary ASs for weaned piglets and growing pigs, respectively. Bacteriophages, zymin, plants, probiotics, oligosaccharides, lysozyme, and microelements can be regarded as secondary ASs. Nucleotides and organic acids can be considered as tertiary ASs. Future studies should further assess the alternative effects of combinational feed additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bocheng Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Fu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Luoyi Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Li
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingliang Jin
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Hall HN, Wilkinson DJ, Le Bon M. Oregano essential oil improves piglet health and performance through maternal feeding and is associated with changes in the gut microbiota. Anim Microbiome 2021; 3:2. [PMID: 33499989 PMCID: PMC7934403 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-020-00064-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background With a growing demand for safe and sustainable alternatives to antimicrobials, functional feed ingredients such as plant essential oils have been evaluated for their potential to improve gut health. Amongst these, oregano essential oil (OEO) with the main active compounds carvacrol and thymol has been reported to have antimicrobial and antioxidative properties resulting in improved intestinal barrier function and growth in pigs and poultry. However, its impact on the gut microbiota still remains unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of an oregano essential oil phytobiotic on sow and piglet performance and faecal microbiota. Results Piglets from OEO supplemented sows were significantly heavier at one week of age and showed a trend for improved average daily weight gain from birth to weaning. Post-weaning, maternally supplemented piglets were numerically heavier at 10 weeks post-weaning and at slaughter with a reduced variability in bodyweight. Health records showed that piglets in the OEO supplemented litters had significantly reduced incidence of therapeutic treatment and reduced mortality. In both sows and piglets, the structure and composition of the faecal microbiota varied considerably over time. Sows supplemented with OEO during lactation showed an increase in the relative abundance of Lactobacillaceae family. In addition, there was an increase in the relative abundance of families known to be important in fibre digestion (Fibrobacteriaceae and Akkermansiaceae). Analysis of piglet microbiota at two weeks and four weeks of age revealed a relative decrease in Enterobacteriaceae while butyrate producers (Lachnospiraceae family) were increased at both timepoints. Conclusion We hypothesise that the effects observed from this study were exerted through modulation of the gut microbial communities in the sow and her offspring through maternal microbial transfer. Understanding the link between the gut microbiota and dietary factors represents a keystone to improving health and performance for sustainable pig production. Reducing antimicrobial usage can help to reduce the risk of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) which is a global focus for animal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- H N Hall
- Anpario plc, Unit 5, Manton Wood, Worksop, S80 2RS, UK.
| | - D J Wilkinson
- Antimicrobial Resistance, Omics and Microbiota research group, Clifton Lane, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - M Le Bon
- Nottingham Trent University, School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Southwell, NG25 0QF, UK
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19
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Zhao Y, Wang Y, Lu X, Sun J, Ren Z. Effects of the substitution of oregano essential oil for antibiotics in the plateau-broiler diet. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1967208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, China
| | - Yaomei Wang
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, China
| | - Xiaoli Lu
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, China
| | - Jiale Sun
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, China
| | - Zili Ren
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, China
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20
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Rivera-Gomis J, Peres Rubio C, Martínez Conesa C, Otal Salaverri J, Cerón JJ, Tortosa DE, Cubero Pablo MJ. Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Garlic and Oregano Essential Oil on Biomarkers of Oxidative Status, Stress and Inflammation in Postweaning Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E2093. [PMID: 33187203 PMCID: PMC7698320 DOI: 10.3390/ani10112093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of two different concentrations of micro capsuled oregano essential oil (OEO) and purple garlic powder on biomarkers of oxidative status, stress, and inflammation, as well as on average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR), were evaluated in piglets during the postweaning period. The trial was carried out with 300 crossbred pigs of 21 days of age fed with different concentrations of OEO and purple garlic powder and ZnO. Saliva and serum samples were taken to evaluate a panel of biomarkers of oxidative status, stress, and inflammation. OEO and garlic powder at 0.4% did not produce significant changes in C-reactive protein (CRP) and cortisol and yielded higher levels of the antioxidant biomarker CUPRAC in serum than higher doses (p < 0.01); they yielded a better ADG than the control and ZnO diets. OEO and garlic powder at higher concentrations than 0.4% showed higher concentrations of CRP (p < 0.05). Overall, doses of OEO and garlic powder at 0.4% did not lead to inflammation, stress, or negative changes in oxidative biomarkers in piglets during the postweaning period and gave better productive performance than the control and ZnO diets. High doses of OEO and garlic powder were ineffective and could negatively affect the animals. Therefore, our results highlight the importance of the dose used when OEO or garlic are supplemented to piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Rivera-Gomis
- Research Group E095-06 Antimicrobial Resistance in Animal Health, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain; (J.R.-G.); (M.J.C.P.)
| | - Camila Peres Rubio
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain; (C.P.R.); (J.J.C.)
| | - Cristina Martínez Conesa
- Research Group on Rainfed Agriculture for Rural Development, Department of Rural Development, Oenology and Sustainable Agriculture, Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development (IMIDA), 30150 Alberca Las Torres, Murcia, Spain;
| | - Julio Otal Salaverri
- Animal Production Department, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain;
| | - José Joaquín Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain; (C.P.R.); (J.J.C.)
| | - Damián Escribano Tortosa
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain; (C.P.R.); (J.J.C.)
- Animal Production Department, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain;
| | - María José Cubero Pablo
- Research Group E095-06 Antimicrobial Resistance in Animal Health, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain; (J.R.-G.); (M.J.C.P.)
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21
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Arzola-Alvarez C, Hume ME, Anderson RC, Latham EA, Ruiz-Barrera O, Castillo-Castillo Y, Olivas-Palacios AL, Felix-Portillo M, Armendariz-Rivas RL, Arzola-Rubio A, Ontiveros-Magadan M, Bautista-Martínez Y, Salinas-Chavira J. Influence of sodium chlorate, ferulic acid, and essential oils on Escherichia coli and porcine fecal microbiota. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:5739119. [PMID: 32064520 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of sodium chlorate (SC), ferulic acid (FA), and essential oils (EO) was examined on the survivability of two porcine diarrhetic enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains (F18 and K88) and populations of porcine fecal bacteria. Fecal bacterial populations were examined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and identification by 16S gene sequencing. The treatments were control (no additives), 10 mM SC, 2.5 mg FA /mL, a 1.5% vol/vol solution of an EO mixture as well as mixtures of EO + SC, EO + FA, and FA + SC at each of the aforementioned concentrations. EO were a commercial blend of oregano oil and cinnamon oil with water and citric acid. Freshly collected porcine feces in half-strength Mueller Hinton broth was inoculated with E. coli F18 (Trial 1) or E. coli K88 (Trial 2). The fecal-E. coli suspensions were transferred to crimp top tubes preloaded with the treatment compounds. Quantitative enumeration was at 0, 6, and 24 h. All treatments reduced (P < 0.05) the counts of E. coli F18 at 6 and 24 h. With the exception of similarity coefficient (%SC), all the other treatments reduced (P < 0.05) the K88 counts at 24 h. The most effective treatments to reduce the F18 and K88 CFU numbers were those containing EO. Results of DGGE revealed that Dice percentage similarity coefficients (%SC) of bacterial profiles among treatment groups varied from 81.3% to 100%SC. The results of gene sequencing showed that, except for SC at 24 h, all the other treatments reduced the counts of the family Enterobacteriaceae, while Lactobacillaceae and Ruminococcaceae increased and Clostridiaceae decreased in all treatments. In conclusion, all treatments were effective in reducing the ETEC, but EO mixture was the most effective. The porcine microbial communities may be influenced by the studied treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Arzola-Alvarez
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Ecology, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Michael E Hume
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, College Station, TX
| | - Robin C Anderson
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, College Station, TX
| | | | - Oscar Ruiz-Barrera
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Ecology, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Yamicela Castillo-Castillo
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Ecology, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Ana Luisa Olivas-Palacios
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Ecology, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Monserrath Felix-Portillo
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Ecology, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Ruth L Armendariz-Rivas
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Ecology, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Arzola-Rubio
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Ecology, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Marina Ontiveros-Magadan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Ecology, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Yuridia Bautista-Martínez
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Medicine Veterinary and Animal Science, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Tamaulipas, Mexico
| | - Jaime Salinas-Chavira
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Medicine Veterinary and Animal Science, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Tamaulipas, Mexico
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22
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Wu J, Bai Y, Lang X, Wang C, Shi X, Casper DP, Zhang L, Liu H, Liu T, Gong X, Liang T, Zhang R. Dietary supplementation with oregano essential oil and monensin in combination is antagonistic to growth performance of yearling Holstein bulls. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:8119-8129. [PMID: 32684446 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Our previous work indicated that feeding oregano essential oil (OEO) in combination with monensin (MON) may not be mutually beneficial to dairy calf growth performance. To evaluate this observation further, a 240-d long-term growth experiment was conducted using 12 young growing Holstein bulls using a 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement. Main factors were OEO and MON arranged in 4 individual treatments: (1) ration fed without OEO or MON (control), (2) OEO fed at 26 mg/kg of dry matter (DM), (3) MON fed at 25 mg/kg of DM, and (4) OEO and MON fed in combination (OEO+MON). Holstein bulls were 70 d of age and similar in body weight (BW; 93.3 ± 4.54 kg) and individually fed for 240 d. The targeted feeding rates of OEO and MON were blended into 200 g of concentrate and top dressed each morning to a corn stalklage-based ration. Body weights, frame measurements, and blood samples were collected monthly. Interactions of OEO by MON were detected for BW, BW gain, average daily gain, and a trend for feed conversion. Bulls fed OEO or MON demonstrated greater final BW (368, 385, 381, and 358 kg for control, OEO, MON, and OEO+MON, respectively), and BW gains (278, 292, 285, and 265 kg) and average daily gain (1.16, 1.22, 1.19, 1.11 kg/d) were greatest for bulls fed OEO or MON compared with bulls fed OEO+MON; bulls fed the control were intermediate and similar to bulls fed MON. Intake of DM was greater for bulls fed OEO (6.55, 6.99, 6.60, and 6.42 kg/d) compared with bulls fed remaining treatments. Frame growth gain measurements for heart girth, abdominal girth, withers height, body length, and cannon bone circumference were similar for bulls fed all treatments. Serum triglyceride (0.23, 0.25, 0.28, and 0.24 mmol/L) concentrations were greater for bulls fed MON compared with bulls fed the control and OEO+MON, and bulls fed OEO were intermediate and similar. Cholesterol (2.06, 2.29, 2.20, and 2.07 mmol/L) concentrations were greater for bulls fed OEO compared with bulls fed the control and OEO+MON, and bulls fed MON were intermediate and similar. Serum antioxidant measurements were similar for bulls fed all treatments. Serum IgA, IgG, and IgM concentrations were similar for bulls fed all treatments. Feeding OEO or MON separately can improve growth performance of growing Holstein bulls. We do not know why the combination of OEO and MON is antagonistic to growth performance of Holstein bulls. However, these technologies should not be fed in combination to growing dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Wu
- Gansu Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 1 Agricultural Academy Village Anning, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, P. R. China; Key Laboratory for Sheep, Goat, and Cattle Germplasm and Straw Feed in Gansu Province, No. 1 Agricultural Academy Village Anning, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P. R. China; Institute of Rural Development, Northwest Normal University, No. 967 East Street Anning, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P. R. China
| | - Yan Bai
- Gansu Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 1 Agricultural Academy Village Anning, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, P. R. China; Key Laboratory for Sheep, Goat, and Cattle Germplasm and Straw Feed in Gansu Province, No. 1 Agricultural Academy Village Anning, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P. R. China.
| | - Xia Lang
- Key Laboratory for Sheep, Goat, and Cattle Germplasm and Straw Feed in Gansu Province, No. 1 Agricultural Academy Village Anning, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P. R. China; Animal Husbandry, Pasture, and Green Agriculture Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Agricultural Academy Village Anning, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P. R. China
| | - Cailian Wang
- Key Laboratory for Sheep, Goat, and Cattle Germplasm and Straw Feed in Gansu Province, No. 1 Agricultural Academy Village Anning, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P. R. China; Animal Husbandry, Pasture, and Green Agriculture Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Agricultural Academy Village Anning, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolei Shi
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, No. 1 Yingmen Village Anning, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P. R. China
| | | | - Liping Zhang
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, No. 1 Yingmen Village Anning, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P. R. China
| | - Haibo Liu
- Institute of Agricultural and Economic Information, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Agricultural Academy Village Anning, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P. R. China
| | - Ting Liu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, No. 1 Yingmen Village Anning, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P. R. China
| | - Xuyin Gong
- Key Laboratory for Sheep, Goat, and Cattle Germplasm and Straw Feed in Gansu Province, No. 1 Agricultural Academy Village Anning, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P. R. China; Animal Husbandry, Pasture, and Green Agriculture Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Agricultural Academy Village Anning, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P. R. China
| | - Tingyu Liang
- Institute of Rural Development, Northwest Normal University, No. 967 East Street Anning, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, No. 1 Yingmen Village Anning, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P. R. China
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23
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Chen J, Tian M, Guan W, Wen T, Yang F, Chen F, Zhang S, Song J, Ren C, Zhang Y, Song H. Increasing selenium supplementation to a moderately-reduced energy and protein diet improves antioxidant status and meat quality without affecting growth performance in finishing pigs. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 56:38-45. [PMID: 31442952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Along with economic development and living standards' improvement, more and more attention has been converted from satisfying meat quantity to pursuing meat quality. RESEARCH PURPOSE This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of increasing selenium (Se) supplementation to a moderately-reduced energy and protein diet (MREP) on growth performance, antioxidant status, meat quality in finishing pigs. BASIC PROCEDURES A total of 144 "Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire" pigs with the average body weight of 75 ± 1 kg were randomly allotted to 3 dietary treatments with six replicates per treatment and eight pigs per replicate. The 3 experimental diets were as follows: (1) Normal energy and protein (NEP) +0.2 mg/kg Se diet (14.02 MJ/kg DE, 14% CP and 0.2 mg/kg Se as selenite sodium), (2) MREP +0.2 mg/kg Se diet (13.60 MJ/kg DE, 13% CP and 0.2 mg/kg Se as selenite sodium), and (3) MREP +0.5 mg/kg Se diet (13.60 MJ/kg DE, 13% CP, 0.2 mg/kg Se as selenite sodium, and 0.3 mg/kg Se as Se-enriched yeast). The study lasted for 45 days. MAIN FINDINGS The results show that there were no differences for growth performance, antioxidant status and meat quality of finishing pigs between NEP +0.2 mg/kg Se group and MREP +0.2 mg/kg Se group (P>0.05). However, compared to pigs from MREP +0.2 mg/kg Se group, pigs from MREP +0.5 mg/kg Se group had greater Se concentration, GSH-Px activity and GSH concentration, but lower MDA concentration in serum (P<0.05). Also, pigs from MREP +0.5 mg/kg Se group had greater Se concentration, T-AOC, and SOD activity, but lower MDA concentration in loin compared with pigs from MREP +0.2 mg/kg Se group (P<0.05). As for meat quality, pigs from MREP +0.5 mg/kg Se group had greater a* value (relative redness) at 45 min and 24 h in loin compared with pigs from MREP +0.2 mg/kg Se group (P<0.05). Compared to pigs from MREP +0.2 mg/kg Se group, pigs from MREP +0.5 mg/kg Se group had lower MDA concentration of fresh pork during a simulated retail display at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 7 day (P<0.05). PRINCIPAL CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, increasing selenium supplementation to a moderately-reduced energy and protein diet improved antioxidant status and meat quality without affecting growth performance in finishing pigs. (New Aspects) The present study provided a nutritional strategy for reducing feed costs and improving pork quality without influencing growth performance in finishing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Min Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Wutai Guan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Ting Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Fei Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Fang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Shihai Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Junjie Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Chunxiao Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Yinzi Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Hanqing Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Horky P, Skalickova S, Smerkova K, Skladanka J. Essential Oils as a Feed Additives: Pharmacokinetics and Potential Toxicity in Monogastric Animals. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E352. [PMID: 31200591 PMCID: PMC6617186 DOI: 10.3390/ani9060352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) are now a hot topic in finding modern substitutes for antibiotics. Many studies have shown positive results and confirmed their high antibacterial activity both in vitro and in vivo. Deservedly, there is an attempt to use EOs as a substitute for antibiotics, which are currently limited by legislation in animal breeding. Given the potential of EOs, studies on their fate in the body need to be summarized. The content of EO's active substances varies depending on growing conditions and consequently on processing and storage. Their content also changes dynamically during the passage through the gastrointestinal tract and their effective concentration can be noticeably diluted at their place of action (small intestine and colon). Based on the solubility of the individual EO's active substances, they are eliminated from the body at different rates. Despite a strong antimicrobial effect, some oils can be toxic to the body and cause damage to the liver, kidneys, or gastrointestinal tissues. Reproductive toxicity has been reported for Origanum vulgare and Mentha arvensis. Several publications also address the effect on the genome. It has been observed that EOs can show both genoprotective effects (Syzygium aromaticum) and genotoxicity, as is the case of Cinnamomum camphor. This review shows that although oils are mainly studied as promising antimicrobials, it is also important to assess animal safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Horky
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Sylvie Skalickova
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Kristyna Smerkova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiri Skladanka
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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