1
|
Golder HM, Lean IJ. Ruminal acidosis and its definition: A critical review. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)01095-6. [PMID: 39218070 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Ruminal acidosis occurs as a continuum of disorders, stemming from ruminal dysbiosis and disorders of metabolism, of varying severity. The condition has a marked temporal dynamic expression resulting in cases expressing quite different rumen concentrations of VFA, lactic acid, ammonia, and rumen pH over time. Clinical ruminal acidosis is an important condition of cattle and subclinical ruminal acidosis (SRA) is very prevalent in many dairy populations with estimates between 10 to 26% of cows in early lactation. Estimates of the duration of a case suggest the lactational incidence of the condition may be as high as 500 cases per 100 cows in the first 100 d of lactation. Historical confusion about the etiology and pathogenesis of ruminal acidosis led to definitions that are not fit for purpose as acidic ruminal conditions solely characterized by ruminal pH determination at a single point fail to reflect the complexity of the condition. Use of a model, based on integrated ruminal measures including VFA, ammonia, lactic acid, and pH, for evaluating ruminal acidosis is fit for purpose, as indicated by meeting postulates for assessing metabolic disease, but requires a method to simplify application in the field. While it is likely that this model, that we have termed the Bramley Acidosis Model (BAM), will be refined, the critical value in the model is that it demonstrates that ruminal acidosis is much more than ruminal pH. Disease, milk yield and milk composition are more associated with the BAM than rumen pH alone. Two single VFA, propionate and valerate are sensitive and specific for SRA, especially when compared with rumen pH. Even with the use of such a model, astute evaluations of the condition whether in experimental or field circumstances will be aided by ancillary measures that can be used in parallel or in series to enhance diagnosis and interpretation. Sensing methods including rumination detection, behavior, milk analysis, and passive analysis of rumen function have the potential to improve the detection of SRA; however, these may advance more rapidly if SRA is defined more broadly than by ruminal pH alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H M Golder
- Scibus, Camden, NSW, Australia, 2570; Dairy Science Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia, 2570
| | - I J Lean
- Scibus, Camden, NSW, Australia, 2570; Dairy Science Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia, 2570.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dong JN, Zhao ZK, Wang ZQ, Li SZ, Zhang YP, Sun Z, Qin GX, Zhang XF, Zhao W, Aschalew ND, Wang T, Zhen YG. Impact of deoxynivalenol on rumen function, production, and health of dairy cows: Insights from metabolomics and microbiota analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133376. [PMID: 38159518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol contamination in feed and food, pervasive from growth, storage, and processing, poses a significant risk to dairy cows, particularly when exposed to a high-starch diet; however, whether a high-starch diet exacerbates these negative effects remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the combined impact of deoxynivalenol and dietary starch on the production performance, rumen function, and health of dairy cows using metabolomics and 16 S rRNA sequencing. Our findings suggested that both high- and low-starch diets contaminated with deoxynivalenol significantly reduced the concentration of propionate, isobutyrate, valerate, total volatile fatty acids (TVFA), and microbial crude protein (MCP) concentrations, accompanied by a noteworthy increase in NH3-N concentration in vitro and in vivo (P < 0.05). Deoxynivalenol altered the abundance of microbial communities in vivo, notably affecting Oscillospiraceae, Lachnospiraceae, Desulfovibrionaceae, and Selenomonadaceae. Additionally, it significantly downregulated lecithin, arachidonic acid, valine, leucine, isoleucine, arginine, and proline metabolism (P < 0.05). Furthermore, deoxynivalenol triggered oxidative stress, inflammation, and dysregulation in immune system linkage, ultimately compromising the overall health of dairy cows. Collectively, both high- and low-starch diets contaminated with deoxynivalenol could have detrimental effects on rumen function, posing a potential threat to production performance and the overall health of cows. Notably, the negative effects of deoxynivalenol are more pronounced with a high-starch diet than a low-starch diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Nan Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Zhi-Kun Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Zhan-Qing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Song-Ze Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Yong-Peng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China; Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun Borui Science & Technology Co., Ltd, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Zhe Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China; Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun Borui Science & Technology Co., Ltd, Changchun 130118, PR China; College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Gui-Xin Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Xue-Feng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China; Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun Borui Science & Technology Co., Ltd, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun Borui Science & Technology Co., Ltd, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Natnael Demelash Aschalew
- College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China; Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun Borui Science & Technology Co., Ltd, Changchun 130118, PR China.
| | - Yu-Guo Zhen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China; Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun Borui Science & Technology Co., Ltd, Changchun 130118, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Keum GB, Pandey S, Kim ES, Doo H, Kwak J, Ryu S, Choi Y, Kang J, Kim S, Kim HB. Understanding the Diversity and Roles of the Ruminal Microbiome. J Microbiol 2024; 62:217-230. [PMID: 38662310 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-024-00121-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The importance of ruminal microbiota in ruminants is emphasized, not only as a special symbiotic relationship with ruminants but also as an interactive and dynamic ecosystem established by the metabolites of various rumen microorganisms. Rumen microbial community is essential for life maintenance and production as they help decompose and utilize fiber that is difficult to digest, supplying about 70% of the energy needed by the host and 60-85% of the amino acids that reach the small intestine. Bacteria are the most abundant in the rumen, but protozoa, which are relatively large, account for 40-50% of the total microorganisms. However, the composition of these ruminal microbiota is not conserved or constant throughout life and is greatly influenced by the host. It is known that the initial colonization of calves immediately after birth is mainly influenced by the mother, and later changes depending on various factors such as diet, age, gender and breed. The initial rumen microbial community contains aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria due to the presence of oxygen, but as age increases, a hypoxic environment is created inside the rumen, and anaerobic bacteria become dominant in the rumen microbial community. As calves grow, taxonomic diversity increases, especially as they begin to consume solid food. Understanding the factors affecting the rumen microbial community and their effects and changes can lead to the early development and stabilization of the microbial community through the control of rumen microorganisms, and is expected to ultimately help improve host productivity and efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gi Beom Keum
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sriniwas Pandey
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sol Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunok Doo
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinok Kwak
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumin Ryu
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Choi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyoun Kang
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sheena Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyeun Bum Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mulakala BK, Smith KM, Snider MA, Ayers A, Honan MC, Greenwood SL. Use of milk proteins as biomarkers of changes in the rumen metaproteome of Holstein cows fed low-fiber, high-starch diets. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:9630-9643. [PMID: 37210363 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Dietary levels of undegraded neutral detergent fiber (uNDF240) and rumen-fermentable starch (RFS) can affect the rumen microbiome and milk composition. The objective of the study is to investigate the use of milk proteins as biomarkers of rumen microbial activity through a comparative evaluation of the rumen microbial and milk protein profiles produced by Holstein cows fed diets with varying contents of physically effective uNDF240 (peuNDF240) and RFS. Eight ruminally cannulated lactating Holstein cows were included in a larger study as part of a 4 × 4 Latin square design with 4 28-d periods to assess 4 diets varying in peuNDF240 and RFS content. For this experiment, cows received one of 2 dietary treatments: (1) low-peuNDF240, high-RFS (LNHR) diet or (2) high-peuNDF240, low-RFS (HNLR) diet. Within each period, rumen fluid samples were collected from each cow on d 26 (1400 h) and d 27 (0600 h and 1000 h), and milk samples were collected from each cow on d 25 (2030 h), d 26 (0430 h, 1230 h, and 2030 h), and d 27 (0430 h and 1230 h). Microbial proteins were isolated from each rumen fluid sample. For milk samples, milk proteins were fractionated, and the whey fraction was subsequently isolated. Isolated proteins within each rumen fluid or milk sample were isobarically labeled and analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Product ion spectra acquired from rumen fluid samples were searched using SEQUEST against 71 composite databases. In contrast, product ion spectra acquired from milk samples were searched against the Bos taurus database. Data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED procedure in SAS 9.4 to assess the effect of diet and time of sampling. To increase stringency, the false discovery rate-adjusted P-value (PFDR) was also calculated to account for multiple comparisons. Using the mixed procedure, a total of 129 rumen microbial proteins were quantified across 24 searched microbial species. Of these, the abundance of 14 proteins across 9 microbial species was affected due to diet and diet × time interaction, including 7 proteins associated with energetics pathways. Among the 159 quantified milk proteins, the abundance of 21 proteins was affected due to the diet and diet × time interaction. The abundance of 19 of these milk proteins was affected due to diet × time interactions. Of these, 16 proteins had the disparity across diets at the 0430 h sampling time, including proteins involved in host defense, nutrient synthesis, and transportation, suggesting that biological shifts resulting from diet-induced rumen changes are not diurnally uniform across milkings. The concentration of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) was statistically higher in the milk from the cows fed with the LNHR diet, which was numerically confirmed with an ELISA. Further, as determined by ELISA, the LPL concentration was significantly higher in the milk from the cows fed with the LNHR diet at 0430 h sampling point, suggesting that LPL concentration may indicate dietary carbohydrate-induced ruminal changes. The results of this study suggest that diet-induced rumen changes can be reflected in milk in a diurnal pattern, further highlighting the need to consider sampling time points for using milk proteins as a representative biomarker of rumen microbial activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B K Mulakala
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - K M Smith
- William H. Miner Agricultural Research Institute, Chazy, NY 12921
| | - M A Snider
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405; Department of Agriculture, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, MO 63701
| | - A Ayers
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
| | - M C Honan
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405; Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - S L Greenwood
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cui Q, Lin L, Lai Z, Mao S. Effects of high-grain diet feeding on fatty acid profiles in milk, blood, muscle, and adipose tissue, and transcriptional expression of lipid-related genes in muscle and adipose tissue of dairy cows. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:41. [PMID: 37029438 PMCID: PMC10082502 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00847-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-grain (HG) diets affect lipid metabolism in the liver and mammary tissue of dairy cows, but its effects on muscle and adipose tissue have not been wide evaluated. Thus, the aim of this study is to clarify this issue. METHODS Twelve Holstein cows were randomly divided into two groups: conventional diet group (CON, n = 6) and the HG diet group (n = 6). On day 7 of week 4, rumen fluid was sampled to measure pH, milk was sampled to measure components, and blood was sampled to measure biochemical parameters and fatty acid composition. After the experiment, cows were slaughtered to collect muscle and adipose tissue for fatty acid composition and transcriptome analysis. RESULTS HG feeding decreased the ruminal pH, milk's fat content and long-chain fatty acid proportion (P < 0.05) and increased the proportion of short- and medium-chain fatty acids in the milk (P < 0.05) as compared with CON diets. The concentrations of blood cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the HG cows were lower than those in CON cows (P < 0.05). In muscle tissue, HG feeding tended to increase the triacylglycerol (TG) concentration (P < 0.10). Transcriptome analysis revealed changes in the biosynthesis of the unsaturated fatty acids pathway, the regulation of lipolysis in the adipocytes pathway, and the PPAR signalling pathway. In adipose tissue, HG feeding increased the concentration of TG and decreased the concentration of C18:1 cis9 (P < 0.05). At the transcriptome level, the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway, linoleic acid metabolism pathway, and PPAR signalling pathway were activated. CONCLUSION HG feeding leads to subacute rumen acidosis and a decreased milk fat content. The fatty acid profiles in the milk and plasma of dairy cows were changed by HG feeding. In muscle and adipose tissue, HG feeding increased TG concentration and up-regulated the expression of genes related to adipogenesis, while down-regulated the expression of genes related to lipid transport. These results complement our knowledge of the fatty acid composition of muscle and adipose tissue in dairy cows and expand our understanding of the mechanisms by which HG diets affect lipid metabolism in muscle and adipose tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaorong Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095 China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Limei Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095 China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Zheng Lai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095 China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Shengyong Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095 China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bandarupalli VVK, St-Pierre B. Metagenomics-Based Analysis of Candidate Lactate Utilizers from the Rumen of Beef Cattle. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030658. [PMID: 36985231 PMCID: PMC10054779 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In ruminant livestock production, ruminal acidosis is an unintended consequence of the elevated dietary intake of starch-rich feedstuffs. The transition from a state of subacute acidosis (SARA) to acute acidosis is due in large part to the accumulation of lactate in the rumen, which is a consequence of the inability of lactate utilizers to compensate for the increased production of lactate. In this report, we present the 16S rRNA gene-based identification of two bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs), Bt-01708_Bf (89.0% identical to Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens) and Bt-01899_Ap (95.3% identical to Anaerococcus prevotii), that were enriched from rumen fluid cultures in which only lactate was provided as an exogenous substrate. Analyses of in-silico-predicted proteomes from metagenomics-assembled contigs assigned to these candidate ruminal bacterial species (Bt-01708_Bf: 1270 annotated coding sequences, 1365 hypothetical coding sequences; Bt-01899_Ap: 871 annotated coding sequences, 1343 hypothetical coding sequences) revealed genes encoding lactate dehydrogenase, a putative lactate transporter, as well as pathways for the production of short chain fatty acids (formate, acetate and butyrate) and for the synthesis of glycogen. In contrast to these shared functions, each OTU also exhibited distinct features, such as the potential for the utilization of a diversified set of small molecules as substrates (Bt-01708_Bf: malate, quinate, taurine and polyamines) or for the utilization of starch (Bt-01899_Ap: alpha-amylase enzymes). Together, these results will contribute to the continued characterization of ruminal bacterial species that can metabolize lactate into distinct subgroups based on other metabolic capabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Vinay Kumar Bandarupalli
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Animal Science Complex, Box 2170, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
- GenMark Diagnostics, 5964 La Place Ct, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | - Benoit St-Pierre
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Animal Science Complex, Box 2170, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mulakala BK, Smith KM, Snider MA, Ayers A, Honan MC, Greenwood SL. Influence of dietary carbohydrate profile on the dairy cow rumen meta-proteome. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:8485-8496. [PMID: 36028341 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-21812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Diet starch and fiber contents influence the rumen microbial profile and its fermentation products, yet no information exists about the effects of these dietary carbohydrate fractions on the metabolic activity of these microbes. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of dietary carbohydrate profile changes on the rumen meta-proteome profile. Eight cannulated Holstein cows were assigned to the study as part of a 4 × 4 Latin square design with a 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement including four 28-d periods. Cows received 1 of 4 dietary treatments on a dry matter (DM) basis. Diets included different concentrations of rumen fermentable starch (RFS) and physically effective undigested NDF (peuNDF240) content in the diet: (1) low peuNDF240, low RFS (LNLS); (2) high peuNDF240, low RFS (HNLS); (3) low peuNDF240, high RFS (LNHS); and (4) high peuNDF240, high RFS (HNHS). Rumen fluid samples were collected from each cow on the last 2 d of each period at 3 time points (0600, 1000, and 1400 h). The microbial protein fraction was isolated, isobarically labeled, and analyzed using liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry techniques. Product ion spectra were searched using the SEQUEST search on Proteome Discoverer 2.4 (Thermo Scientific) against 71 curated microbe-specific databases. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED procedure in SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc.). A total of 138 proteins were characterized across 26 of the searched microbial species. In total, 46 proteins were affected by treatments across 17 of the searched microbial species. Of these 46 proteins, 28 were affected by RFS content across 13 microbial species, with 20 proteins having higher abundance with higher dietary RFS and 8 proteins having higher abundance with lower dietary RFS. The majority of these proteins have roles in energetics, carbon metabolism, and protein synthesis. Examples include pyruvate, phosphate dikinase (Ruminococcus albus SY3), 30S ribosomal protein S11 (Clostridium aminophilum), and methyl-coenzyme M reductase subunit α (Methanobrevibacter ruminantium strain 35063), which had higher abundances with higher dietary RFS. Conversely, glutamate dehydrogenase (Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens) and 50S ribosomal protein L5 (Pseudobutyrivibrio ruminis) and L15 (Ruminococcus bromii) had lower abundances with higher dietary RFS content. Among the remaining 18 proteins unaffected by RFS content alone, 5 proteins were affected by peuNDF240 content, and 13 were affected by peuNDF240 × RFS interactions. Our results suggest that the RFS content of the diet may have a greater influence on rumen microbial protein abundances than dietary peuNDF240 content or peuNDF240 × RFS interactions. This research highlights that dietary carbohydrate profile changes can influence rumen microbial protein abundances. Further research is needed to fully characterize the effects of diet on the rumen meta-proteome and manipulate the various roles of rumen microbes. This will aid in designing the strategies to maximize the efficiency of nutrient use in the rumen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B K Mulakala
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington 05405
| | - K M Smith
- William H. Miner Agricultural Research Institute, Chazy, NY 12921
| | - M A Snider
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington 05405
| | - A Ayers
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington 05405
| | - M C Honan
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington 05405; Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis 95616
| | - S L Greenwood
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington 05405.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Utilizing the Gastrointestinal Microbiota to Modulate Cattle Health through the Microbiome-Gut-Organ Axes. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071391. [PMID: 35889109 PMCID: PMC9324549 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The microorganisms inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of ruminants have a mutualistic relationship with the host that influences the efficiency and health of the ruminants. The GIT microbiota interacts with the host immune system to influence not only the GIT, but other organs in the body as well. The objective of this review is to highlight the importance of the role the gastrointestinal microbiota plays in modulating the health of a host through communication with different organs in the body through the microbiome-gut-organ axes. Among other things, the GIT microbiota produces metabolites for the host and prevents the colonization of pathogens. In order to prevent dysbiosis of the GIT microbiota, gut microbial therapies can be utilized to re-introduce beneficial bacteria and regain homeostasis within the rumen environment and promote gastrointestinal health. Additionally, controlling GIT dysbiosis can aid the immune system in preventing disfunction in other organ systems in the body through the microbiome-gut-brain axis, the microbiome-gut-lung axis, the microbiome-gut-mammary axis, and the microbiome-gut-reproductive axis.
Collapse
|
9
|
Koorakula R, Ghanbari M, Schiavinato M, Wegl G, Dohm JC, Domig KJ. Storage media and RNA extraction approaches substantially influence the recovery and integrity of livestock fecal microbial RNA. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13547. [PMID: 35694379 PMCID: PMC9186325 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is growing interest in understanding gut microbiome dynamics, to increase the sustainability of livestock production systems and to better understand the dynamics that regulate antibiotic resistance genes (i.e., the resistome). High-throughput sequencing of RNA transcripts (RNA-seq) from microbial communities (metatranscriptome) allows an unprecedented opportunity to analyze the functional and taxonomical dynamics of the expressed microbiome and emerges as a highly informative approach. However, the isolation and preservation of high-quality RNA from livestock fecal samples remains highly challenging. This study aimed to determine the impact of the various sample storage and RNA extraction strategies on the recovery and integrity of microbial RNA extracted from selected livestock (chicken and pig) fecal samples. Methods Fecal samples from pigs and chicken were collected from conventional slaughterhouses. Two different storage buffers were used at two different storage temperatures. The extraction of total RNA was done using four different commercially available kits and RNA integrity/quality and concentration were measured using a Bioanalyzer 2100 system with RNA 6000 Nano kit (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA). In addition, RT-qPCR was used to assess bacterial RNA quality and the level of host RNA contamination. Results The quantity and quality of RNA differed by sample type (i.e., either pig or chicken) and most significantly by the extraction kit, with differences in the extraction method resulting in the least variability in pig feces samples and the most variability in chicken feces. Considering a tradeoff between the RNA yield and the RNA integrity and at the same time minimizing the amount of host RNA in the sample, a combination of storing the fecal samples in RNALater at either 4 °C (for 24 h) or -80 °C (up to 2 weeks) with extraction with PM kit (RNEasy Power Microbiome Kit) had the best performance for both chicken and pig samples. Conclusion Our findings provided a further emphasis on using a consistent methodology for sample storage, duration as well as a compatible RNA extraction approach. This is crucial as the impact of these technical steps can be potentially large compared with the real biological variability to be explained in microbiome and resistome studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raju Koorakula
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, Vienna, Austria
- Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation (FFoQSI), Tulln an der Donau, Lower Austria, Austria
| | | | - Matteo Schiavinato
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Computational Biology, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Juliane C. Dohm
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Computational Biology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Konrad J. Domig
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bhujbal SK, Ghosh P, Vijay VK, Rathour R, Kumar M, Singh L, Kapley A. Biotechnological potential of rumen microbiota for sustainable bioconversion of lignocellulosic waste to biofuels and value-added products. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 814:152773. [PMID: 34979222 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is an abundant resource with untapped potential for biofuel, enzymes, and chemical production. Its complex recalcitrant structure obstructs its bioconversion into biofuels and other value-added products. For improving its bioconversion efficiency, it is important to deconstruct its complex structure. In natural systems like rumen, diverse microbial communities carry out hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis of lignocellulosic biomass through physical penetration, synergistic and enzymatic actions enhancing lignocellulose degradation activity. This review article aims to discuss comprehensively the rumen microbial ecosystem, their interactions, enzyme production, and applications for efficient bioconversion of lignocellulosic waste to biofuels. Furthermore, meta 'omics' approaches to elucidate the structure and functions of rumen microorganisms, fermentation mechanisms, microbe-microbe interactions, and host-microbe interactions have been discussed thoroughly. Additionally, feed additives' role in improving ruminal fermentation efficiency and reducing environmental nitrogen losses has been discussed. Finally, the current status of rumen microbiota applications and future perspectives for the development of rumen mimic bioreactors for efficient bioconversion of lignocellulosic wastes to biofuels and chemicals have been highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Krushna Bhujbal
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Pooja Ghosh
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Virendra Kumar Vijay
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Rashmi Rathour
- CSIR-National Environmental and Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440020, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental and Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440020, India
| | - Lal Singh
- CSIR-National Environmental and Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440020, India
| | - Atya Kapley
- CSIR-National Environmental and Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440020, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhu Y, Bu D, Ma L. Integration of Multiplied Omics, a Step Forward in Systematic Dairy Research. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12030225. [PMID: 35323668 PMCID: PMC8955540 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12030225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their unique multi-gastric digestion system highly adapted for rumination, dairy livestock has complicated physiology different from monogastric animals. However, the microbiome-based mechanism of the digestion system is congenial for biology approaches. Different omics and their integration have been widely applied in the dairy sciences since the previous decade for investigating their physiology, pathology, and the development of feed and management protocols. The rumen microbiome can digest dietary components into utilizable sugars, proteins, and volatile fatty acids, contributing to the energy intake and feed efficiency of dairy animals, which has become one target of the basis for omics applications in dairy science. Rumen, liver, and mammary gland are also frequently targeted in omics because of their crucial impact on dairy animals’ energy metabolism, production performance, and health status. The application of omics has made outstanding contributions to a more profound understanding of the physiology, etiology, and optimizing the management strategy of dairy animals, while the multi-omics method could draw information of different levels and organs together, providing an unprecedented broad scope on traits of dairy animals. This article reviewed recent omics and multi-omics researches on physiology, feeding, and pathology on dairy animals and also performed the potential of multi-omics on systematic dairy research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingkun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
- School of Agriculture & Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dengpan Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
- Joint Laboratory on Integrated Crop-Tree-Livestock Systems of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), and World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (L.M.)
| | - Lu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (L.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Khairunisa BH, Susanti D, Loganathan U, Teutsch CD, Campbell BT, Fiske D, Wilkinson CA, Aylward FO, Mukhopadhyay B. Dominant remodelling of cattle rumen microbiome by Schedonorus arundinaceus (tall fescue) KY-31 carrying a fungal endophyte. Access Microbiol 2022; 4:000322. [PMID: 35355877 PMCID: PMC8941964 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Tall fescue KY-31 is an important primary forage for beef cattle. It carries a fungal endophyte that produces ergovaline, the main cause of tall fescue toxicosis that leads to major revenue loss for livestock producers. The MaxQ, an engineered cultivar, hosts an ergovaline nonproducing strain of the fungus and consequently is nontoxic. However, it is less attractive economically. It is not known how rumen microbiome processes these two forages towards nutrient generation and ergovaline transformation. We have analysed the rumen microbiome compositions of cattle that grazed MaxQ with an intervening KY-31 grazing period using the 16S rRNA-V4 element as an identifier and found that KY-31 remodelled the microbiome substantially, encompassing both cellulolytic and saccharolytic functions. The effect was not evident at the whole microbiome levels but was identified by analysing the sessile and planktonic fractions separately. A move from MaxQ to KY-31 lowered the Firmicutes abundance in the sessile fraction and increased it in planktonic part and caused an opposite effect for Bacteroidetes, although the total abundances of these dominant rumen organisms remained unchanged. The abundances of Fibrobacter , which degrades less degradable fibres, and certain cellulolytic Firmicutes such as Pseudobutyrivibrio and Butyrivibrio 2, dropped in the sessile fraction, and these losses were apparently compensated by increased occurrences of Eubacterium and specific Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae . A return to MaxQ restored the original Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes distributions. However, several KY-31 induced changes, such as the low abundance of Fibrobacter and Butyrivibrio two remained in place, and their substitutes maintained significant presence. The rumen microbiome was distinct from previously reported faecal microbiomes. In summary, KY-31 and MaxQ were digested in the cattle rumen with distinct consortia and the KY-31-specific features were dominant. The study also identified candidate ergovaline transforming bacteria. It highlighted the importance of analysing sessile and planktonic fractions separately.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bela Haifa Khairunisa
- Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Dwi Susanti
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Present address: Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN, USA
| | - Usha Loganathan
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Christopher D Teutsch
- Southern Piedmont Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Tech, Blackstone, VA 23824, USA
- Present address: University of Kentucky Research and Education Center, Princeton, KY, USA
| | - Brian T Campbell
- Southern Piedmont Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Tech, Blackstone, VA 23824, USA
- Present address: Archer Daniels Midland Company, Decatur, IL, USA
| | - David Fiske
- Shennandoah Valley Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Tech, Raphine, VA, 24472, USA
| | - Carol A Wilkinson
- Southern Piedmont Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Tech, Blackstone, VA 23824, USA
| | - Frank O Aylward
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lopes AL, Santos FAP, Meschiatti M, de Oliveira MO, Fernandes JJR, Drouillard JS, Cappellozza BI. Effects of Megasphaera elsdenii administration on performance and carcass traits of finishing Bos indicus feedlot cattle. Transl Anim Sci 2021; 5:txab091. [PMID: 34790892 PMCID: PMC8592045 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txab091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of Megasphaera elsdenii administration at the beginning of the feedlot period on performance of Bos taurus indicus bulls. On d 0, 383 Nellore bulls (initial shrunk body weight 384 ± 29.2 kg; initial age = 24 ± 2 mo) were assigned to treatments in a randomized complete block design. Treatments consisted of 1) 14 d adaptation diet and transition to a finishing diet (CONT), 2) CONT plus oral administration of 20 mL of Lactipro-NXT (M. elsdenii) on d 0 of the study (MEG-14), 3) CONT diet, consisting of 6 d of adaptation diet plus oral administration of 20 mL of Lactipro-NXT on d 0 of the study (MEG-6), and 4) No adaptation diet and oral administration of 20 mL of Lactipro-NXT on d 0 of the study (MEG-0). Experimental period lasted 119 d. No treatment effects were observed for any of the performance parameters evaluated herein (P ≥ 0.15). Nonetheless, a treatment × wk interaction was observed for DM, NEm, and NEg intakes (P < 0.0001). For all these parameters, MEG-0 and MEG-6 had a reduced intake vs. MEG-14 and CONT in the first wk of the study (P ≤ 0.05). For the carcass traits, no effects were observed for HCW (P ≥ 0.24), whereas MEG-6 had a greater REA when compared with MEG-0 and MEG-14 (quadratic effect; P = 0.04) and MEG-administered bulls tended to have a greater BFT vs. CONT (P = 0.08). In summary, M. elsdenii administration at the beginning of the feedlot period did not improve performance, whereas reducing the length of the adaptation period for 6 d improved REA of finishing Bos taurus indicus bulls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Laura Lopes
- Universidade Federal do Goiás, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Flávio A P Santos
- Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Zootecnia, Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Murillo Meschiatti
- Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Zootecnia, Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil
| | | | - Juliano J R Fernandes
- Universidade Federal do Goiás, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - James S Drouillard
- Kansas State University, Department of Animal Sciences & Industry, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ramos SC, Jeong CD, Mamuad LL, Kim SH, Kang SH, Kim ET, Cho YI, Lee SS, Lee SS. Diet Transition from High-Forage to High-Concentrate Alters Rumen Bacterial Community Composition, Epithelial Transcriptomes and Ruminal Fermentation Parameters in Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:838. [PMID: 33809588 PMCID: PMC8002347 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Effects of changing diet on rumen fermentation parameters, bacterial community composition, and transcriptome profiles were determined in three rumen-cannulated Holstein Friesian cows using a 3 × 4 cross-over design. Treatments include HF-1 (first high-forage diet), HC-1 (first high-concentrate diet), HC-2 (succeeding high-concentrate diet), and HF-2 (second high-forage diet as a recovery period). Animal diets contained Klein grass and concentrate at ratios of 8:2, 2:8, 2:8, and 8:2 (two weeks each), respectively. Ammonia-nitrogen and individual and total volatile fatty acid concentrations were increased significantly during HC-1 and HC-2. Rumen species richness significantly increased for HF-1 and HF-2. Bacteroidetes were dominant for all treatments, while phylum Firmicutes significantly increased during the HC period. Prevotella, Erysipelothrix, and Galbibacter significantly differed between HF and HC diet periods. Ruminococcus abundance was lower during HF feeding and tended to increase during successive HC feeding periods. Prevotellaruminicola was the predominant species for all diets. The RNA sequence analysis revealed the keratin gene as differentially expressed during the HF diet, while carbonic-anhydrase I and S100 calcium-binding protein were expressed in the HC diet. Most of these genes were highly expressed for HC-1 and HC-2. These results suggested that ruminal bacterial community composition, transcriptome profile, and rumen fermentation characteristics were altered by the diet transitions in dairy cows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonny C. Ramos
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (S.C.R.); (C.D.J.); (L.L.M.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Chang Dae Jeong
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (S.C.R.); (C.D.J.); (L.L.M.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Lovelia L. Mamuad
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (S.C.R.); (C.D.J.); (L.L.M.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Seon Ho Kim
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (S.C.R.); (C.D.J.); (L.L.M.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Seung Ha Kang
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Eun Tae Kim
- Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea;
| | - Yong Il Cho
- Animal Disease and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea;
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science and University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Sang Suk Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (S.C.R.); (C.D.J.); (L.L.M.); (S.H.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Park T, Cersosimo LM, Li W, Radloff W, Zanton GI. Pre-weaning Ruminal Administration of Differentially-Enriched, Rumen-Derived Inocula Shaped Rumen Bacterial Communities and Co-occurrence Networks of Post-weaned Dairy Calves. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:625488. [PMID: 33717013 PMCID: PMC7952535 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.625488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult rumen fluid inoculations have been considered to facilitate the establishment of rumen microbiota of pre-weaned dairy calves. However, the sustained effects of the inoculations remain to be explored. In our previous study, 20 pre-weaned dairy calves had been dosed with four types of adult rumen inoculums [autoclaved rumen fluid, bacterial-enriched rumen fluid (BE), protozoal-enriched (PE), and BE + PE] weekly at 3 to 6 weeks of age. To verify the sustained effect of adult rumen inoculation, the rumen bacterial communities, fermentation characteristics, and animal performance measurements were measured after sacrifice from 20 post-weaned dairy bull calves (9 weeks of age). Ruminal pH tended to be lower in BE treated calves (n = 10). All PE treated calves had rumen ciliates (>104 cells per ml of rumen fluid). PE treated calves had greater VFA concentrations (P = 0.052), lower molar proportions of isobutyrate (P = 0.073), and butyrate (P = 0.019) compared to those of control calves. No treatment differences were found in all animal performance measurements. Both PE and BE inocula increased bacterial species richness, Faith's phylogenetic diversity, and Shannon's index in rumen liquid fractions. However, the relative proportion of those bacterial taxa possibly transferred from the donor's rumen was minor. Microbial network analysis showed different co-occurrence and mutually exclusive interactions between treatments of microbial inoculations. Collectively, adult rumen inoculations in pre-weaned dairy calves slightly altered the rumen bacteriome of post-weaned calves without changing fermentation and animal performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tansol Park
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Dairy Forage Research Center, Madison, WI, United States
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Laura M. Cersosimo
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Dairy Forage Research Center, Madison, WI, United States
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Wenli Li
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Dairy Forage Research Center, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Wendy Radloff
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Dairy Forage Research Center, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Geoffrey I. Zanton
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Dairy Forage Research Center, Madison, WI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Minami NS, Sousa RS, Oliveira FLC, Dias MRB, Cassiano DA, Mori CS, Minervino AHH, Ortolani EL. Subacute Ruminal Acidosis in Zebu Cattle: Clinical and Behavioral Aspects. Animals (Basel) 2020; 11:ani11010021. [PMID: 33374395 PMCID: PMC7824239 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cattle that are fed high levels of concentrates may develop short-term rumen acidity that may occur frequently leading to necrosis of the rumen wall and reduced nutrient absorption, thereby decreasing animal productivity. This condition is known as subacute acidosis. Here, we evaluated an experimental model to induce such a condition in Nelore cattle, a Zebu breed widely used in Brazil, and assessed several clinical and feeding behavioral patterns of affected animals to better understand the disease pathogenesis and clinical outcomes. Subacute acidosis led to a reduction in food consumption and rumination time, and an increase was observed in the time spent in decubitus. Additionally, subacute acidosis caused different degrees of depression that was more pronounced with higher ruminal lactic acid concentrations. Abstract We evaluated the clinical aspects and feeding behavior of cattle with subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) caused by short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Ten healthy Nelore heifers were subjected to an adjusted SARA induction protocol using citrus pulp (CP). Clinical examinations were performed at baseline and at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 24 h intervals after induction, with ruminal fluid, blood, and feces sampling. The animals’ feeding behavior was evaluated on, before, and for 3 days after SARA by observing the animals every 5 min for 24 h. The dry matter intake (DMI) was recorded daily. The ruminal pH during SARA was always lower than baseline, with an acidotic duration of 547 ± 215 min, a minimum pH of 5.38 ± 0.16, and an average pH of 5.62 ± 0.1. SARA was mainly caused by SCFAs (maximum 118.4 ± 9.3 mmol/L), with the production of l-lactic acids (7.17 mmol/L) and d-lactic acids (0.56 mmol/L) 6 h after the experiment began. The DMI was reduced by 66% and 48% on days 1 and 2, respectively, and returned to normal levels on day 3. SARA caused a reduction in feed intake and rumination time, as well as an increase in the time spent in decubitus on days 1 and 2. These results were influenced by the ruminal pH, ruminal movement, and osmolarity. Furthermore, SARA caused different degrees of depression, which became more pronounced with higher ruminal lactic acid concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Sato Minami
- Department of Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (FMVZ/USP), 05509-270 São Paulo, Brazil; (N.S.M.); (R.S.S.); (F.L.C.O.); (M.R.B.D.); (D.A.C.); (C.S.M.)
| | - Rejane Santos Sousa
- Department of Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (FMVZ/USP), 05509-270 São Paulo, Brazil; (N.S.M.); (R.S.S.); (F.L.C.O.); (M.R.B.D.); (D.A.C.); (C.S.M.)
| | - Francisco Leonardo Costa Oliveira
- Department of Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (FMVZ/USP), 05509-270 São Paulo, Brazil; (N.S.M.); (R.S.S.); (F.L.C.O.); (M.R.B.D.); (D.A.C.); (C.S.M.)
| | - Mailson Rennan Borges Dias
- Department of Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (FMVZ/USP), 05509-270 São Paulo, Brazil; (N.S.M.); (R.S.S.); (F.L.C.O.); (M.R.B.D.); (D.A.C.); (C.S.M.)
| | - Débora Aparecida Cassiano
- Department of Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (FMVZ/USP), 05509-270 São Paulo, Brazil; (N.S.M.); (R.S.S.); (F.L.C.O.); (M.R.B.D.); (D.A.C.); (C.S.M.)
| | - Clara Satsuki Mori
- Department of Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (FMVZ/USP), 05509-270 São Paulo, Brazil; (N.S.M.); (R.S.S.); (F.L.C.O.); (M.R.B.D.); (D.A.C.); (C.S.M.)
| | - Antonio Humberto Hamad Minervino
- Laboratory of Animal Health, LARSANA, Federal University of Western Pará, UFOPA, 68040-255 Santarém, Brazil
- Correspondence: (A.H.H.M.); (E.L.O.)
| | - Enrico Lippi Ortolani
- Department of Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (FMVZ/USP), 05509-270 São Paulo, Brazil; (N.S.M.); (R.S.S.); (F.L.C.O.); (M.R.B.D.); (D.A.C.); (C.S.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.H.H.M.); (E.L.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liu S, Zhang Z, Hailemariam S, Zheng N, Wang M, Zhao S, Wang J. Biochanin A Inhibits Ruminal Nitrogen-Metabolizing Bacteria and Alleviates the Decomposition of Amino Acids and Urea In Vitro. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10030368. [PMID: 32106487 PMCID: PMC7142414 DOI: 10.3390/ani10030368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Plant bioactive compounds have been chosen as alternative antibiotic to promote animal productivity. Biochanin A is a type of naturally occurring bioactive compound. It is O-methylated isoflavone and is found in red clover, alfalfa sprouts, and other legumes. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of biochanin A on rumen microbial fermentation and composition. The results show that biochanin a increases microbial gas production, but has no effect on volatile fatty acid (VFA) production. Microbial urease activity was inhibited by Biochanin A with the IC50 of 320 nM. Biochanin A also inhibited the degradation rate of Val, Lys, Met, Leu and total amino acids, respectively. The inhibition of urease activity and amino acid decomposition by biochanin A resulted in a reduction in ammonia. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that biochanin A reduced the abundance of proteolytic bacteria Prevotella and Streptococcus. Therefore, biochanin A reduced the production of ammonia by inhibiting proteolytic bacteria and its decomposition of urea and amino acids activity. Abstract Biochanin A is a naturally occurring flavonoid compound that is found in plant species such as red clover (Trifolium pretense) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Flavonoids have been reported to regulate ruminal fermentation, and the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of biochanin A on ruminal microbial composition and nitrogen metabolism. The experiment was performed by in vitro batch culturing of a control (without biochanin A) and a biochanin A treatment. Following a 24-h incubation, gas production and the amounts of ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), volatile fatty acid (VFA), and amino acids were measured. Microbial population using 16S rRNA gene sequence. We found that the addition of biochanin A significantly increased microbial gas production; but had no effect on VFA production. Biochanin A supplementation also resulted in reduced microbial urease activity with half the maximal inhibitory concentration of 320 nM and also inhibited the degradation rates of total amino acids, valine, lysine, methionine and leucine by 18%, 56%, 37%, 13%, and 12%, respectively. This inhibition of urease activity and amino acid decomposition resulted in a significant reduction in the NH3-N concentration. High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA sequence to monitor microbial composition showed that biochanin A significantly reduced the abundance of the proteolytic bacteria Prevotella and ureolytic bacteria Selenomonas, but increased the abundance of the lactic acid metabolizing bacteria Veillonella and Megasphaera. In conclusion, biochanin A reduced the production of ammonia by inhibiting proteolytic bacteria and their decomposition of urea and amino acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (S.L.); (Z.Z.); (S.H.); (N.Z.)
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (S.L.); (Z.Z.); (S.H.); (N.Z.)
| | - Samson Hailemariam
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (S.L.); (Z.Z.); (S.H.); (N.Z.)
| | - Nan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (S.L.); (Z.Z.); (S.H.); (N.Z.)
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, The Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China;
| | - Shengguo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (S.L.); (Z.Z.); (S.H.); (N.Z.)
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (S.L.); (Z.Z.); (S.H.); (N.Z.)
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (J.W.)
| |
Collapse
|