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Lippold S, Mistry K, Lenka S, Whang K, Liu P, Pitschi S, Kuhne F, Reusch D, Cadang L, Knaupp A, Izadi S, Dunkle A, Yang F, Schlothauer T. Function-structure approach reveals novel insights on the interplay of Immunoglobulin G 1 proteoforms and Fc gamma receptor IIa allotypes. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1260446. [PMID: 37790943 PMCID: PMC10544997 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1260446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Fc gamma receptor IIa (FcγRIIa) or CD32a has two major allotypes with a single amino acid difference at position 131 (histidine or arginine). Differences in FcγRIIa allotypes are known to impact immunological responses such as the clinical outcome of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). FcγRIIa is involved in antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), which is an important contributor to the mechanism-of-action of mAbs by driving phagocytic clearance of cancer cells. Hence, understanding the impact of individual mAb proteoforms on the binding to FcγRIIa, and its different allotypes, is crucial for defining meaningful critical quality attributes (CQAs). Here, we report a function-structure based approach guided by novel FcγRIIa affinity chromatography-mass spectrometry (AC-MS) assays to assess individual IgG1 proteoforms. This allowed to unravel allotype-specific differences of IgG1 proteoforms on FcγRIIa binding. FcγRIIa AC-MS confirmed and refined structure-function relationships of IgG1 glycoform interactions. For example, the positive impact of afucosylation was higher than galactosylation for FcγRIIa Arg compared to FcγRIIa His. Moreover, we observed FcγRIIa allotype-opposing and IgG1 proteoform integrity-dependent differences in the binding response of stress-induced IgG1 proteoforms comprising asparagine 325 deamidation. The FcγRIIa-allotype dependent binding differences resolved by AC-MS were in line with functional ADCP-surrogate bioassay models. The molecular basis of the observed allotype specificity and proteoform selectivity upon asparagine 325 deamidation was elucidated using molecular dynamics. The observed differences were attributed to the contributions of an inter-molecular salt bridge between IgG1 and FcγRIIa Arg and the contribution of an intra-molecular hydrophobic pocket in IgG1. Our work highlights the unprecedented structural and functional resolution of AC-MS approaches along with predictive biological significance of observed affinity differences within relevant cell-based methods. This makes FcγRIIa AC-MS an invaluable tool to streamline the CQA assessment of therapeutic mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Lippold
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, A Member of the Roche Group, South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Karishma Mistry
- Biological Technologies, Genentech, A Member of the Roche Group, South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Sunidhi Lenka
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech, A Member of The Roche Group, South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kevin Whang
- Biological Technologies, Genentech, A Member of the Roche Group, South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Peilu Liu
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, A Member of the Roche Group, South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Sebastian Pitschi
- Pharma Technical Development Europe, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Felix Kuhne
- Pharma Technical Development Europe, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Reusch
- Pharma Technical Development Europe, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Lance Cadang
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, A Member of the Roche Group, South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Alexander Knaupp
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Saeed Izadi
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech, A Member of The Roche Group, South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Alexis Dunkle
- Biological Technologies, Genentech, A Member of the Roche Group, South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Feng Yang
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, A Member of the Roche Group, South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Tilman Schlothauer
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
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2
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Kuhne F, Heinrich K, Winter M, Fichtl J, Hoffmann G, Zähringer F, Spitzauer K, Meier M, Khan TA, Bonnington L, Wagner K, Stracke JO, Reusch D, Wegele H, Mormann M, Bulau P. Identification of Hetero-aggregates in Antibody Co-formulations by Multi-dimensional Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2023; 95:2203-2212. [PMID: 36669833 PMCID: PMC9893218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Antibody combination therapies have become viable therapeutic treatment options for certain severe diseases such as cancer. The co-formulation production approach is intrinsically associated with more complex drug product variant profiles and creates more challenges for analytical control of drug product quality. In addition to various individual quality attributes, those arising from the interactions between the antibodies also potentially emerge through co-formulation. In this study, we describe the development of a widely applicable multi-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry method for antibody homo- versus hetero-aggregate characterization. The co-formulation of trastuzumab and pertuzumab was used, a challenging model system, comprising two monoclonal antibodies with very similar physicochemical properties. The data presented demonstrate the high stability of the co-formulation, where only minor aggregate formation is observed upon product storage and accelerated temperature or light-stress conditions. The results also show that the homo- and hetero-aggregates, formed in low and comparable proportions, are only marginally impacted by the formulation and product storage conditions. No preferential formation of hetero-aggregates, in comparison to the already existing pertuzumab and trastuzumab homo-aggregates, was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Kuhne
- Pharma
Technical Development, Roche Diagnostics
GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany,Institute
of Hygiene, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Strasse 41, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Katrin Heinrich
- Pharma
Technical Development, Roche Diagnostics
GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Martin Winter
- Pharma
Technical Development, Roche Diagnostics
GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Fichtl
- Pharma
Technical Development, Roche Diagnostics
GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Gabriel Hoffmann
- Pharma
Technical Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche
Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Zähringer
- Pharma
Technical Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche
Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Spitzauer
- Pharma
Technical Development, Roche Diagnostics
GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Monika Meier
- Pharma
Technical Development, Roche Diagnostics
GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Tarik A. Khan
- Pharma
Technical Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche
Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lea Bonnington
- Pharma
Technical Development, Roche Diagnostics
GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Wagner
- Pharma
Technical Development, Roche Diagnostics
GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Jan Olaf Stracke
- Pharma
Technical Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche
Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dietmar Reusch
- Pharma
Technical Development, Roche Diagnostics
GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Harald Wegele
- Pharma
Technical Development, Roche Diagnostics
GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Michael Mormann
- Institute
of Hygiene, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Strasse 41, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Patrick Bulau
- Pharma
Technical Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche
Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland,
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3
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Kalaninová Z, Fojtík L, Chmelík J, Novák P, Volný M, Man P. Probing Antibody Structures by Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2718:303-334. [PMID: 37665467 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3457-8_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX) followed by mass spectrometry detection (MS) provides a fast, reliable, and detailed solution for the assessment of a protein structure. It has been widely recognized as an indispensable tool and already approved by several regulatory agencies as a structural technique for the validation of protein biopharmaceuticals, including antibody-based drugs. Antibodies are of a key importance in life and medical sciences but considered to be challenging analytical targets because of their compact structure stabilized by disulfide bonds and due to the presence of glycosylation. Despite these difficulties, there are already numerous excellent studies describing MS-based antibody structure characterization. In this chapter, we describe a universal HDX-MS workflow. Deeper attention is paid to sample handling, optimization procedures, and feasibility stages, as these elements of the HDX experiment are crucial for obtaining reliable detailed and spatially well-resolved information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Kalaninová
- BioCeV - Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Fojtík
- BioCeV - Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Chmelík
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Novák
- BioCeV - Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Volný
- BioCeV - Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Man
- BioCeV - Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic.
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4
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Woodall DW, Dillon TM, Kalenian K, Padaki R, Kuhns S, Semin DJ, Bondarenko PV. Non-targeted characterization of attributes affecting antibody-FcγRIIIa V158 (CD16a) binding via online affinity chromatography-mass spectrometry. MAbs 2022; 14:2004982. [PMID: 34978527 PMCID: PMC8741291 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2021.2004982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies facilitate targeted cell killing by engaging with immune cells such as natural killer cells through weak binding interactions with Fcγ receptors on the cell surface. Here, we evaluate the binding affinity of the receptor FcγRIIIa V158 (CD16a) for several therapeutic antibody classes, isoforms, and Fc-fusion proteins using an immobilized receptor affinity liquid chromatography (LC) approach coupled with online mass spectrometry (MS) detection. Aglycosylated FcγRIIIa was used in the affinity chromatography and compared with published affinities using glycosylated receptors. Affinity LC-MS differentiated the IgG1 antibodies primarily according to their Fc glycosylation patterns, with highly galactosylated species having greater affinity for the immobilized receptors and thus eluting later from the column (M5< G0F < G0 afucosylated ≅ G1F < G2F). Sialylated species bound weaker to their asialylated counterparts as reported previously. High mannose glycoforms bound weaker than G0F, contrary to previously published studies using glycosylated receptors. Also, increased receptor binding affinity associated with afucosylated antibodies was not observed with the aglycosylated FcγRIIIa. This apparent difference from previous findings highlighted the importance of the glycans on the receptors for mediating stronger binding interactions. Characterization of temperature-stressed samples by LC-MS peptide mapping revealed over 200 chemical and post-translational modifications, but only the Fc glycans, deamidation of EU N325, and an unknown modification to either proline or cysteine residues of the hinge region were found to have a statistically significant impact on binding. Abbreviations: Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), Chinese hamster ovary (CHO), dithiothreitol (DTT), electrospray ionization (ESI), hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDX), filter aided-sample preparation (FASP), Fcγ receptor (FcγR), fragment crystallizable (Fc), high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), immunoglobulin G (IgG), liquid chromatography (LC), monoclonal antibody (mAb), mass spectrometry (MS), natural killer (NK), N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NGNA), N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA), principal component analysis (PCA), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), and extracted mass chromatogram (XMC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Woodall
- Attribute Sciences, Process Development, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Thomas M Dillon
- Attribute Sciences, Process Development, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Kevin Kalenian
- Attribute Sciences, Process Development, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Rupa Padaki
- Attribute Sciences, Process Development, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Scott Kuhns
- Attribute Sciences, Process Development, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - David J Semin
- Attribute Sciences, Process Development, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Pavel V Bondarenko
- Attribute Sciences, Process Development, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
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5
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Anderson KW, Bergonzo C, Scott K, Karageorgos IL, Gallagher ES, Tayi VS, Butler M, Hudgens JW. HDX-MS and MD Simulations Provide Evidence for Stabilization of the IgG1-FcγRIa (CD64a) Immune Complex Through Intermolecular Glycoprotein Bonds. J Mol Biol 2021; 434:167391. [PMID: 34890647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous reports present different models for the stabilization of the Fc-FcγRI immune complex. Although accord exists on the importance of L235 in IgG1 and some hydrophobic contacts for complex stabilization, discord exists regarding the existence of stabilizing glycoprotein contacts between glycans of IgG1 and a conserved FG-loop (171MGKHRY176) of FcγRIa. Complexes formed from the FcγRIa receptor and IgG1s containing biantennary glycans with N-acetylglucosamine, galactose, and α2,6-N-acetylneuraminic terminations were measured by hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS), classified for dissimilarity with Welch's ANOVA and Games-Howell post hoc procedures, and modeled with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. For each glycoform of the IgG1-FcγRIa complex peptic peptides of Fab, Fc and FcγRIa report distinct H/D exchange rates. MD simulations corroborate the differences in the peptide deuterium content through calculation of the percent of time that transient glycan-peptide bonds exist. These results indicate that stability of IgG1-FcγRIa complexes correlate with the presence of intermolecular glycoprotein interactions between the IgG1 glycans and the 173KHR175 motif within the FG-loop of FcγRIa. The results also indicate that intramolecular glycan-protein bonds stabilize the Fc region in isolated and complexed IgG1. Moreover, HDX-MS data evince that the Fab domain has glycan-protein binding contacts within the IgG1-FcγRI complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle W Anderson
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Bioprocess Measurements Group, Biomolecular Measurement Division, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | - Christina Bergonzo
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; National Institute of Standards and Technology, Biomolecular Structure and Function Group, Biomolecular Measurement Division, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | - Kerry Scott
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; National Institute of Standards and Technology, Bioanalytical Science Group, Biomolecular Measurement Division, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | - Ioannis L Karageorgos
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Bioprocess Measurements Group, Biomolecular Measurement Division, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | - Elyssia S Gallagher
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Bioprocess Measurements Group, Biomolecular Measurement Division, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | - Venkata S Tayi
- University of Manitoba, Department of Microbiology, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Michael Butler
- University of Manitoba, Department of Microbiology, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, 26 Foster's Ave, Belfield, Blackrock, Co. Dublin A94 F5D5, Ireland.
| | - Jeffrey W Hudgens
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Bioprocess Measurements Group, Biomolecular Measurement Division, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
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6
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James EI, Murphree TA, Vorauer C, Engen JR, Guttman M. Advances in Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry and the Pursuit of Challenging Biological Systems. Chem Rev 2021; 122:7562-7623. [PMID: 34493042 PMCID: PMC9053315 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Solution-phase hydrogen/deuterium
exchange (HDX) coupled to mass
spectrometry (MS) is a widespread tool for structural analysis across
academia and the biopharmaceutical industry. By monitoring the exchangeability
of backbone amide protons, HDX-MS can reveal information about higher-order
structure and dynamics throughout a protein, can track protein folding
pathways, map interaction sites, and assess conformational states
of protein samples. The combination of the versatility of the hydrogen/deuterium
exchange reaction with the sensitivity of mass spectrometry has enabled
the study of extremely challenging protein systems, some of which
cannot be suitably studied using other techniques. Improvements over
the past three decades have continually increased throughput, robustness,
and expanded the limits of what is feasible for HDX-MS investigations.
To provide an overview for researchers seeking to utilize and derive
the most from HDX-MS for protein structural analysis, we summarize
the fundamental principles, basic methodology, strengths and weaknesses,
and the established applications of HDX-MS while highlighting new
developments and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie I James
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Taylor A Murphree
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Clint Vorauer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - John R Engen
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Miklos Guttman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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7
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Wagner ND, Huang Y, Liu T, Gross ML. Post-HDX Deglycosylation of Fc Gamma Receptor IIIa Glycoprotein Enables HDX Characterization of Its Binding Interface with IgG. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:1638-1643. [PMID: 33625217 PMCID: PMC8906513 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation is a common and highly heterogeneous post-translational modification that challenges biophysical characterization technologies. The heterogeneity of glycoproteins makes their structural analysis difficult; in particular, hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) often suffers from poor sequence coverage near the glycosylation site. A pertinent example is the Fc gamma receptor RIIIa (FcγRIIIa, CD16a), a glycoprotein expressed on the surface of natural killer cells (NK) that binds the Fc domain of IgG antibodies as a trigger for antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Here, we describe an adaptation of a previously reported method using PNGase A for post-HDX deglycosylation to characterize the binding between the highly glycosylated CD16a and IgG1. Upon optimization of the method to improve sequence coverage while minimizing back-exchange, we achieved coverage of four of the five glycosylation sites of CD16a. Despite some back-exchange, trends in HDX are consistent with previously reported CD16a/IgG-Fc complex structures; furthermore, binding of peptides covering the glycosylated asparagine-164 can be interrogated when using this protocol, previously not seen using standard HDX-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D. Wagner
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130 United States
| | - Yining Huang
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285 United States
- Corresponding Authors: ,
| | - Tun Liu
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285 United States
| | - Michael L. Gross
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130 United States
- Corresponding Authors: ,
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8
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On the Use of Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensing to Understand IgG-FcγR Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126616. [PMID: 34205578 PMCID: PMC8235063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based optical biosensors offer real-time and label-free analysis of protein interactions, which has extensively contributed to the discovery and development of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). As the biopharmaceutical market for these biologics and their biosimilars is rapidly growing, the role of SPR biosensors in drug discovery and quality assessment is becoming increasingly prominent. One of the critical quality attributes of mAbs is the N-glycosylation of their Fc region. Other than providing stability to the antibody, the Fc N-glycosylation influences immunoglobulin G (IgG) interactions with the Fcγ receptors (FcγRs), modulating the immune response. Over the past two decades, several studies have relied on SPR-based assays to characterize the influence of N-glycosylation upon the IgG-FcγR interactions. While these studies have unveiled key information, many conclusions are still debated in the literature. These discrepancies can be, in part, attributed to the design of the reported SPR-based assays as well as the methodology applied to SPR data analysis. In fact, the SPR biosensor best practices have evolved over the years, and several biases have been pointed out in the development of experimental SPR protocols. In parallel, newly developed algorithms and data analysis methods now allow taking into consideration complex biomolecular kinetics. In this review, we detail the use of different SPR biosensing approaches for characterizing the IgG-FcγR interactions, highlighting their merit and inherent experimental complexity. Furthermore, we review the latest SPR-derived conclusions on the influence of the N-glycosylation upon the IgG-FcγR interactions and underline the differences and similarities across the literature. Finally, we explore new avenues taking advantage of novel computational analysis of SPR results as well as the latest strategies to control the glycoprofile of mAbs during production, which could lead to a better understanding and modelling of the IgG-FcγRs interactions.
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9
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Coghlan J, He H, Schwendeman AS. Overview of Humira® Biosimilars: Current European Landscape and Future Implications. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:1572-1582. [PMID: 33556387 PMCID: PMC8014989 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Humira® (adalimumab) by AbbVie has been the top-selling biologic drug product for the last few years - reaching nearly $20 billion in annual sales in 2018. Upon the October 2018 release of four adalimumab biosimilars into the European market, those sales began to shrink. By the end of 2019, the annual sales of Humira®, albeit still high, dipped closer to $19 billion as nearly 35% of European patients had been switched from Humira® to a biosimilar. Diminishing sales are expected to continue as the adoption of adalimumab biosimilars increases in Europe and Humira®'s patent protection is lost in the United States come 2023. In this review we discuss how impactful the availability of biosimilars has been to the European adalimumab market approximately two years after their release. We further analyze the marketed biosimilars with regards to differences in their formulation, delivery devices, biological activity, physicochemical properties, clinical trials data, and current financial foothold. More importantly, though, we highlight how "similar" these biosimilars are to Humira®. In doing so, we seek to educate the public on what they may be able to expect once adalimumab biosimilars enter the United States market in 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Coghlan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, NCRC, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hongliang He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, NCRC, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Anna S Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, NCRC, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, NCRC, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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10
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Mimura Y, Saldova R, Mimura-Kimura Y, Rudd PM, Jefferis R. Importance and Monitoring of Therapeutic Immunoglobulin G Glycosylation. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2021; 112:481-517. [PMID: 34687020 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-76912-3_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The complex diantennary-type oligosaccharides at Asn297 residues of the IgG heavy chains have a profound impact on the safety and efficacy of therapeutic IgG monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Fc glycosylation of a mAb is an established critical quality attribute (CQA), and its oligosaccharide profile is required to be thoroughly characterized by state-of-the-art analytical methods. The Fc oligosaccharides are highly heterogeneous, and the differentially glycosylated species (glycoforms) of IgG express unique biological activities. Glycoengineering is a promising approach for the production of selected mAb glycoforms with improved effector functions, and non- and low-fucosylated mAbs exhibiting enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity activity have been approved or are under clinical evaluation for treatment of cancers, autoimmune/chronic inflammatory diseases, and infection. Recently, the chemoenzymatic glycoengineering method that allows for the transfer of structurally defined oligosaccharides to Asn-linked GlcNAc residues with glycosynthase has been developed for remodeling of IgG-Fc oligosaccharides with high efficiency and flexibility. Additionally, various glycoengineering methods have been developed that utilize the Fc oligosaccharides of IgG as reaction handles to conjugate cytotoxic agents by "click chemistry", providing new routes to the design of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) with tightly controlled drug-antibody ratios (DARs) and homogeneity. This review focuses on current understanding of the biological relevance of individual IgG glycoforms and advances in the development of next-generation antibody therapeutics with improved efficacy and safety through glycoengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Mimura
- Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Yamaguchi Ube Medical Center, Ube, Japan.
| | - Radka Saldova
- NIBRT GlycoScience Group, National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Dublin, Ireland
- UCD School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yuka Mimura-Kimura
- Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Yamaguchi Ube Medical Center, Ube, Japan
| | - Pauline M Rudd
- NIBRT GlycoScience Group, National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Dublin, Ireland
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Centros, Singapore
| | - Roy Jefferis
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Anderson KW, Scott K, Karageorgos IL, Gallagher ES, Tayi VS, Butler M, Hudgens JW. Dataset from HDX-MS Studies of IgG1 Glycoforms and Their Interactions with the FcγRIa (CD64) Receptor. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; vol:126010. [PMID: 36474595 PMCID: PMC9681196 DOI: 10.6028/jres.126.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This document presents hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) data from measurements of three purified IgG1 glycoform samples, predominantly G0F, G2F, and SAF, in isolation and in complexation with the high-affinity receptor, FcγRIa (CD64). The IgG1 antibody used in this study, aIL8hFc, is a murine-human chimeric IgG1, which inhibits IL-8 binding to human neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle W. Anderson
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899,
USA
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD 20850,
USA
| | - Kerry Scott
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899,
USA
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD 20850,
USA
| | - Ioannis L. Karageorgos
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899,
USA
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD 20850,
USA
| | - Elyssia S. Gallagher
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899,
USA
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD 20850,
USA
| | - Venkata S. Tayi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2,
Canada
| | - Michael Butler
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2,
Canada
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Foster Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co. Dublin,
Ireland
| | - Jeffrey W. Hudgens
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899,
USA
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD 20850,
USA
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