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Du Y, Cheng Q, Qian M, Liu Y, Wang F, Ma J, Zhang X, Lin H. Biodegradation of sulfametoxydiazine by Alcaligenes aquatillis FA: Performance, degradation pathways, and mechanisms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 452:131186. [PMID: 36948117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the isolation and characterization of a novel bacterial strain Alcaligenes aquatillis FA with the ability to degrade sulfametoxydiazine (SMD), a commonly used sulfonamide antibiotic (SA) in livestock and poultry production. The biodegradation kinetics, pathways, and genomic background of SMD by FA were investigated. The results showed that strain FA had high specificity to degrade SMD, and was unable to effectively degrade its isomer, sulfamonomethoxine. The SMD biodegradation followed a first-order kinetic model with a rate constant of 27.39 mg·L-1·day-1 and a half-life of 5.98 days. The biodegradation pathways and detoxification processes of SMD were proposed based on the identification of its biodegradation byproducts and the biotoxicity assessment using both the ecological structure-activity relationship (ECOSAR) model and biological indicator. The involvement of novel degrading enzymes, such as dimethyllsulfone monooxygenase, 4-carboxymuconolactone decarboxylase, and 1,4-benzoquinone reductase, was inferred in the SMD biodegradation process. The presence of sul2 and dfrA genes in strain FA, which were constitutively expressed in its cells, suggests that multiple mechanisms were employed by the strain to resist SMD. This study provides new insights into the biodegradation of sulfonamide antibiotics (SAs) as it is the first to describe an SMD-degrading bacterium and its genetic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Du
- College of Forest and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizers, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Qilu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizers, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Mingrong Qian
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Yangzhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizers, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizers, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Junwei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizers, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Forest and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Hui Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizers, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
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Álvarez-Esmorís C, Conde-Cid M, Ferreira-Coelho G, Fernández-Sanjurjo MJ, Núñez-Delgado A, Álvarez-Rodríguez E, Arias-Estévez M. Adsorption/desorption of sulfamethoxypyridazine and enrofloxacin in agricultural soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 706:136015. [PMID: 31855641 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption and desorption processes were studied for the antibiotics sulfamethoxypyridazine (SMP) and enrofloxacin (ENR) in 20 agricultural soils devoted to wheat-potato and vine cultivation. Batch experiments were used to conduct kinetic studies, as well as to evaluate adsorption and desorption for different concentrations of antibiotics. The results indicated that adsorption curves were linear for SMP, while presented a certain curvature in the case of ENR. The adsorption of both antibiotics was fitted to a linear equation and to the Freundlich model. In the case of the linear equation, the values of the distribution coefficient Kd were lower for SMP (0.9-26.0 L kg-1) than for ENR (121-2345 L kg-1). In the Freundlich model, the values of the adsorption constant KF ranged between 1.7 and 34.0 Ln μmol1-n kg-1 for SMP, and between 829 and 3019 Ln μmol1-n kg-1 for ENR. A multiple regression analysis showed that, in the case of SMP, 78% of the variance of the adsorption parameter Kd was explained by soil organic carbon (SOC) and exchangeable magnesium (Mge) contents, while for ENR no significant relation was found. In addition, for SMP, 66% of the variance of KF was explained by SOC, and for ENR 45% of the variability of KF was explained by nitrogen content. Desorption rates were higher for SMP (reaching up to 24%) than for ENR (which reached up to 7%). Desorption percentages showed a potential relation with the adsorption parameter Kd for both SMP and ENR. These results could be useful to elucidate the evolution and dynamics of these emerging pollutants in soils and other environmental compartments, which could be of aid in controlling public health risks associated to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Álvarez-Esmorís
- Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Fac. Sciences, Univ. Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - M Conde-Cid
- Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Fac. Sciences, Univ. Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - G Ferreira-Coelho
- Dept. Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Engineering Polytechnic School, Univ. Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - M J Fernández-Sanjurjo
- Dept. Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Engineering Polytechnic School, Univ. Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - A Núñez-Delgado
- Dept. Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Engineering Polytechnic School, Univ. Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - E Álvarez-Rodríguez
- Dept. Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Engineering Polytechnic School, Univ. Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - M Arias-Estévez
- Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Fac. Sciences, Univ. Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
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Cao L, Zhang J, Zhao R, Deng Y, Liu J, Fu W, Lei Y, Zhang T, Li X, Li B. Genomic characterization, kinetics, and pathways of sulfamethazine biodegradation by Paenarthrobacter sp. A01. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 131:104961. [PMID: 31330364 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.104961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradation is an important route for the removal of sulfamethazine (SMZ), one of the most commonly used sulfonamide antibiotics, in the environment. However, little information is known about the kinetics, products, and pathways of SMZ biodegradation owing to the complexity of its enzyme-based biotransformation processes. In this study, the SMZ-degrading strain A01 belonging to the genus Paenarthrobacter was isolated from SMZ-enriched activated sludge reactors. The bacterial cells were rod-shaped with transient branches 2.50-4.00 μm in length with most forming in a V-shaped arrangement. The genome size of Paenarthrobacter sp. A01 had a total length of 4,885,005 bp with a GC content of 63.5%, and it contained 104 contigs and 55 RNAs. The effects of pH, temperature, initial substrate concentration and additional carbon source on the biodegradation of SMZ were investigated. The results indicated that pH 6.0-7.8, 25 °C and the addition of 0.2 g/L sodium acetate favored the biodegradation, whereas a high concentration of SMZ, 500 mg/L, had an inhibitory effect. The biodegradation kinetics with SMZ as the sole carbon source or 0.2 g/L sodium acetate as the co-substrate fit the modified Gompertz model well with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.99. Three biodegradation pathways were proposed involving nine biodegradation products, among which C6H9N3O2S and C12H12N2 were two novel biodegradation products that have not been reported previously. Approximately 90.7% of SMZ was transformed to 2-amino-4, 6-dimethylpyrimidine. Furthermore, sad genes responsible for catabolizing sulfonamides were characterized in A01 with high similarities of 96.0%-100.0%. This study will fill the knowledge gap in the biodegradation of this ubiquitous micropollutant in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Renxin Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenjie Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yusha Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Bing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, China.
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Liu X, Lu S, Guo W, Xi B, Wang W. Antibiotics in the aquatic environments: A review of lakes, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 94:736-757. [PMID: 30857084 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 565] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The potential threat of antibiotics to the environment and human health has raised significant concerns in recent years. The consumption and production of antibiotics in China are the highest in the world due to its rapid economic development and huge population, possibly resulting in the high detection frequencies and concentrations of antibiotics in aquatic environments of China. As a water resource, lakes in China play an important role in sustainable economic and social development. Understanding the current state of antibiotics in lakes in China is important. Closed and semi-closed lakes provide an ideal medium for the accumulation of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). This review summarizes the current levels of antibiotic exposure in relevant environmental compartments in lakes. The ecological and health risks of antibiotics are also evaluated. This review concludes that 39 antibiotics have been detected in the aquatic environments of lakes in China. The levels of antibiotic contamination in lakes in China is relatively high on the global scale. Antibiotic contamination is higher in sediment than water and aquatic organisms. Quinolone antibiotics (QNs) pose the greatest risks. The contents of antibiotics in aquatic organisms are far lower than their maximum residual limits (MRLs), with the exception of the organisms in Honghu Lake. The lakes experience high levels of ARG contamination. A greater assessment of ARG presence and antibiotic exposure are urgent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongting, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongting, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Wei Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 1002206, China
| | - Beidou Xi
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongting, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Weiliang Wang
- School of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250358, China
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Jaffrézic A, Jardé E, Soulier A, Carrera L, Marengue E, Cailleau A, Le Bot B. Veterinary pharmaceutical contamination in mixed land use watersheds: from agricultural headwater to water monitoring watershed. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 609:992-1000. [PMID: 28783916 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Veterinary pharmaceuticals, widely used in intensive livestock production, may contaminate surface waters. Identifying their sources and pathways in watersheds is difficult because i) most veterinary pharmaceuticals are used in human medicine as well and ii) septic or sewer wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) can release pharmaceuticals into surface water, even in agricultural headwater watersheds. This study aimed to analyze the spatiotemporal variability of animal-specific, mixed-use, and human-specific pharmaceuticals, from agricultural headwaters with intensive livestock production and a WWTP to a watershed used for Water Framework Directive monitoring. Grab sampling was performed during one hydrological year upstream and downstream from a WWTP and at three dates in seven nested watersheds with areas of 1.9-84.1km2. Twenty pharmaceuticals were analyzed. Animal-specific pharmaceuticals were detected at all sampling dates upstream and downstream from the WWTP and at concentrations higher than those of human-specific pharmaceuticals. The predominance of animal-specific and mixed-use pharmaceuticals vs. human-specific pharmaceuticals observed at these sampling points was confirmed at the other sampling points. Animal-specific pharmaceuticals were detected mainly during runoff events and periods of manure spreading. A large percentage of mixed-use pharmaceuticals could come from animal sources, but it was difficult to determine. Mixed-use and human-specific pharmaceuticals predominated in the largest watersheds when runoff decreased. In areas of intensive livestock production, mitigation actions should focus on agricultural headwater watersheds to decrease the number of pathways and the transfer volume of veterinary pharmaceuticals, which can be the main contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jaffrézic
- UMR SAS, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, INRA, 35000 Rennes, France.
| | - E Jardé
- Geosciences Rennes CNRS UMR 6118, Rennes, France
| | - A Soulier
- UMR SAS, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, INRA, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - L Carrera
- UMR SAS, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, INRA, 35000 Rennes, France
| | | | | | - B Le Bot
- Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Santé Publique, Rennes, France; Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail, UMR 1085, Rennes, France; Laboratoire d'Etude et de Recherche en Environnement et Santé, Rennes, France
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Veiga-Gómez M, Nebot C, Franco CM, Miranda JM, Vázquez B, Cepeda A. Identification and quantification of 12 pharmaceuticals in water collected from milking parlors: Food safety implications. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:3373-3383. [PMID: 28259402 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of drug residues into the food chain and their presence in drinking water has been recently investigated. The aim of this work was to monitor the presence of 19 active drugs in water samples collected from milking parlors of dairy farms located in Galicia (northwest Spain), one of the main Spanish milking areas. Overall, 65% of the samples tested positive for at least one of the compounds analyzed. A total of 12 drugs were measured, with concentrations ranging between 17 and 3,941 ng/L. Considering that a mixture of compounds may contribute to the overall effect of each compound and might increase or reduce its toxicity, it should be noted that 29% of the samples tested contained more than one pharmaceutical. To date, the effects of the continuous consumption of these mixtures of drugs in water or milk are unknown; however, antimicrobials may affect the human gut microbiota or have toxic effects in sensitive individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Veiga-Gómez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Pavillón 4, Planta Baixa, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Carolina Nebot
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Pavillón 4, Planta Baixa, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Carlos Manuel Franco
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Pavillón 4, Planta Baixa, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Miranda
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Pavillón 4, Planta Baixa, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Beatriz Vázquez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Pavillón 4, Planta Baixa, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Alberto Cepeda
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Pavillón 4, Planta Baixa, 27002 Lugo, Spain
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Riad SM, Salem H, Elbalkiny HT, Khattab FI. Validated univariate and multivariate spectrophotometric methods for the determination of pharmaceuticals mixture in complex wastewater. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 140:451-461. [PMID: 25637816 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.12.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Five, accurate, precise, and sensitive univariate and multivariate spectrophotometric methods were developed for the simultaneous determination of a ternary mixture containing Trimethoprim (TMP), Sulphamethoxazole (SMZ) and Oxytetracycline (OTC) in waste water samples collected from different cites either production wastewater or livestock wastewater after their solid phase extraction using OASIS HLB cartridges. In univariate methods OTC was determined at its λmax 355.7 nm (0D), while (TMP) and (SMZ) were determined by three different univariate methods. Method (A) is based on successive spectrophotometric resolution technique (SSRT). The technique starts with the ratio subtraction method followed by ratio difference method for determination of TMP and SMZ. Method (B) is successive derivative ratio technique (SDR). Method (C) is mean centering of the ratio spectra (MCR). The developed multivariate methods are principle component regression (PCR) and partial least squares (PLS). The specificity of the developed methods is investigated by analyzing laboratory prepared mixtures containing different ratios of the three drugs. The obtained results are statistically compared with those obtained by the official methods, showing no significant difference with respect to accuracy and precision at p=0.05.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safaa M Riad
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr-El Aini Street, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hesham Salem
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Menia, Egypt
| | - Heba T Elbalkiny
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 11787 6th October City, Egypt.
| | - Fatma I Khattab
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr-El Aini Street, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
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Singh KP, Rai P, Singh AK, Verma P, Gupta S. Occurrence of pharmaceuticals in urban wastewater of north Indian cities and risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2014; 186:6663-6682. [PMID: 25004851 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-3881-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Six pharmaceuticals of different categories, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen, ketoprofen, naproxen, diclofenac), anti-epileptic (carbamazepine), and anti-microbial (trimethoprim), were investigated in wastewater of the urban areas of Ghaziabad and Lucknow, India. Samples were concentrated by solid phase extraction (SPE) and determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods. The SPE-HPLC method was validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. All the six drugs were detected in wastewater of Ghaziabad, whereas naproxen was not detected in Lucknow wastewater. Results suggest that levels of these detected drugs were relatively higher in Ghaziabad as compared to those in Lucknow, and diclofenac was the most frequently detected drug in both the study areas. Detection of these drugs in wastewater reflects the importance of wastewater inputs as a source of pharmaceuticals. In terms of the regional distribution of compounds in wastewater of two cities, higher spatial variations (coefficient of variation 112.90-459.44%) were found in the Lucknow wastewater due to poor water exchange ability. In contrast, lower spatial variation (162.38-303.77%) was observed in Ghaziabad. Statistical analysis results suggest that both data were highly skewed, and populations in two study areas were significantly different (p < 0.05). A risk assessment based on the calculated risk quotient (RQ) in six different bioassays (bacteria, duckweed, algae, daphnia, rotifers, and fish) showed that the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) posed high (RQ >1) risk to all the test species. The present study would contribute to the formulation of guidelines for regulation of such emerging pharmaceutical contaminants in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunwar P Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Anusandhan Bhawan, Rafi Marg, New Delhi, 110 001, India,
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9
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Human and Veterinary Antibiotics Used in Portugal—A Ranking for Ecosurveillance. TOXICS 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/toxics2020188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Iglesias A, Nebot C, Vázquez BI, Miranda JM, Abuín CMF, Cepeda A. Detection of veterinary drug residues in surface waters collected nearby farming areas in Galicia, North of Spain. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:2367-2377. [PMID: 24068562 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2142-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment has become a matter of concern in the last decade due to potential risks posed to non-target organisms and the potential for unintended human exposure via food chain. This concern has been driven by a high detection frequency for drugs in environmental samples; these substances are produced in large quantities and are used in both veterinary and human medicine, leading to deposition and potential effects in the environment. However, few studies have focused on the presence of pharmaceuticals in rural areas associated with farming activities in comparison to urban areas. The aim of this study is to investigate the occurrence of pharmaceutically active compounds in surface waters collected from urban and rural areas in northwestern Spain. A monitoring study was conducted with 312 river water samples analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Positive detection of pharmaceuticals was made for 51 % of the samples. Decoquinate, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxypyridazine and trimethoprim were the drugs most frequently detected, being present in more than 10 % of the samples. The sampling sites located downstream of the discharge points for wastewater treatment plants yielded the highest number of positive samples, 13 % of the positive samples were detected in these sites and 38 % of the samples collected near the collection point of a drinking water treatment plant were positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Iglesias
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Carolina Nebot
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
| | - Beatriz I Vázquez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Jose M Miranda
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Carlos M Franco Abuín
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Alberto Cepeda
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
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Harris S, Morris C, Morris D, Cormican M, Cummins E. Antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli in the municipal wastewater system: effect of hospital effluent and environmental fate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 468-469:1078-1085. [PMID: 24100208 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria is increasing worldwide and remains a significant medical challenge which may lead to antimicrobial redundancy. The contribution of hospital effluent to the prevalence of resistance in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents is not fully understood. AMR bacteria contained in hospital effluent may be released into the aquatic and soil environments after WWTP processing. Hence, the objective of this study is to identify the extent hospital effluent contributes to contamination of these environments by comparing two WWTPs, one which receives hospital effluent and one which does not. AMR Escherichia coli were monitored in the two WWTPs. A model was developed using these monitored values to predict the effect of hospital effluent within a WWTP. The model predicted levels of AMR E. coli in the aquatic environment and potential bather exposure to AMR E. coli. The model results were highly variable. WWTP influent containing hospital effluent had a higher mean percentage of AMR E. coli; although, there appeared to be no within treatment plant effect on the prevalence of AMR E. coli. Examination of WWTP sludge showed a similar variation. There appeared to be no consistent effect from the presence of hospital effluent. The human exposure assessment model predicted swimmer intake of AMR E. coli between 6 and 193CFU/100ml sea water. It appears that hospital effluent is not the main contributing factor behind the development and persistence of AMR E. coli within WWTPs, although resistance may be too well-developed to identify an influence from hospital effluent. Mitigation needs to focus on the removal of already present resistant bacteria but for new or hospital specific antimicrobials focus needs to be on their limited release within effluents or separate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvi Harris
- Biosystems Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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