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Huang J, Kang W, Yi D, Zhu S, Xiang Y, Liu C, Li H, Dai D, Su J, He J, Liang Z. Intranasal B5 promotes mucosal defence against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae via ameliorating early immunosuppression. Virulence 2024; 15:2316459. [PMID: 38378464 PMCID: PMC10880497 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2316459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) is an important pathogen of the porcine respiratory disease complex, which leads to huge economic losses worldwide. We previously demonstrated that Pichia pastoris-producing bovine neutrophil β-defensin-5 (B5) could resist the infection by the bovine intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium bovis. In this study, the roles of synthetic B5 in regulating mucosal innate immune response and protecting against extracellular APP infection were further investigated using a mouse model. Results showed that B5 promoted the production of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and interferon (IFN)-β in macrophages as well as dendritic cells (DC) and enhanced DC maturation in vitro. Importantly, intranasal B5 was safe and conferred effective protection against APP via reducing the bacterial load in lungs and alleviating pulmonary inflammatory damage. Furthermore, in the early stage of APP infection, we found that intranasal B5 up-regulated the secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-17, and IL-22; enhanced the rapid recruitment of macrophages, neutrophils, and DC; and facilitated the generation of group 3 innate lymphoid cells in lungs. In addition, B5 activated signalling pathways associated with cellular response to IFN-β and activation of innate immune response in APP-challenged lungs. Collectively, B5 via the intranasal route can effectively ameliorate the immune suppression caused by early APP infection and provide protection against APP. The immunization strategy may be applied to animals or human respiratory bacterial infectious diseases. Our findings highlight the potential importance of B5, enhancing mucosal defence against intracellular bacteria like APP which causes early-phase immune suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsheng Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Weichao Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Dandan Yi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Shuxin Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yifei Xiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Chengzhi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Han Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Dejia Dai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jieyu Su
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiakang He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhengmin Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Vilaró A, Karstensen KT, Cavaco LM, Angen Ø, Solé E, Seró I, Novell E, Enrique-Tarancón V, Guitart-Matas J, Migura-Garcia L, Fraile L. An investigation of the transmission of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae within vertically integrated systems using whole genome sequencing. Vet Microbiol 2024; 295:110157. [PMID: 38917664 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) causes significant economic losses to the swine industry. Antibiotic treatment can be challenging due to its clinical urgency and the turnover of antimicrobial susceptibility results from the diagnostic laboratory. The aim of this study was to evaluate the vertical transmission of APP within integrated systems as a criterion for optimising antimicrobial treatment in the field, using whole genome sequencing (WGS). Additionally, the genetic variability of Spanish APP isolates has been assessed to decipher antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants, toxin presence, serotype, and phenotype/genotype concordance of AMR. A total of 169 isolates from clinical cases of porcine pleuropneumonia with known antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were sequenced. Additionally, 48 NCBI assemblies were included to perform a phylogenetic analysis. Phylogenetic analysis revealed high association between phylogenetic clusters, serotypes, and presence of toxins that are associated within vertically integrated systems by its epidemiological link. Concordance between presence of AMR determinants (genotype) vs in-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility pattern (phenotype) was acceptable for amoxicillin, florfenicol, oxytetracycline, and enrofloxacin using epidemiological cut-off values (ECOFFs), but low concordance was observed for doxycycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (T/S). On the other hand, using CLSI clinical breakpoints (CBPs), concordance was acceptable for florfenicol and enrofloxacin and not evaluated for doxycycline, oxytetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (T/S), and amoxicillin because no CBP are available for them. Finally, WGS has demonstrated the clonality between isolates that shared a common origin (grandmother's farm) and resistance phenotype, suggesting vertical transmission of this pathogen and supporting the use of the epidemiological approach as a good criterion to optimise the antimicrobial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vilaró
- Grup de Sanejament Porcí (GSP), Partida Caparrella 97C, Lleida 25192, Spain
| | - Kasper T Karstensen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites, and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut (SSI), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lina M Cavaco
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites, and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut (SSI), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Øystein Angen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites, and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut (SSI), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emma Solé
- Grup de Sanejament Porcí (GSP), Partida Caparrella 97C, Lleida 25192, Spain
| | - Ingrid Seró
- Grup de Sanejament Porcí (GSP), Partida Caparrella 97C, Lleida 25192, Spain
| | - Elena Novell
- Grup de Sanejament Porcí (GSP), Partida Caparrella 97C, Lleida 25192, Spain
| | | | - Judith Guitart-Matas
- Joint Research Unit IRTA-UAB in Animal Health, Animal Health Research Centre (CReSA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; IRTA, Animal Health Program, Animal Health Research Centre (CReSA), Collaborating Centre of the World Organisation for Animal Health for research and control of emerging and re-emerging pig diseases in Europe, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lourdes Migura-Garcia
- Joint Research Unit IRTA-UAB in Animal Health, Animal Health Research Centre (CReSA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; IRTA, Animal Health Program, Animal Health Research Centre (CReSA), Collaborating Centre of the World Organisation for Animal Health for research and control of emerging and re-emerging pig diseases in Europe, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Fraile
- Department of Animal Science, ETSEA, Universitat de Lleida-AGROTECNIO-CERCA Centre, Lleida 25198, Spain.
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Kuchiishi SS, Ramos Prigol S, Bresolin E, Fernandes Lenhard B, Pissetti C, García-Iglesias MJ, Gutiérrez-Martín CB, Martínez-Martínez S, Kreutz LC, Frandoloso R. Brazilian Clinical Strains of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida: Capsular Diversity, Antimicrobial Susceptibility ( In Vitro) and Proof of Concept for Prevention of Natural Colonization by Multi-Doses Protocol of Tildipirosin. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1658. [PMID: 38136692 PMCID: PMC10740920 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12121658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
One hundred Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (App) and sixty Pasteurella multocida subsp. multocida serogroup A (PmA) isolates were recovered from porcine pneumonic lungs collected from eight central or southern states of Brazil between 2014 and 2018 (App) or between 2017 and 2021 (PmA). A. pleuropneumoniae clinical isolates were typed by multiplex PCR and the most prevalent serovars were 8, 7 and 5 (43, 25% and 18%, respectively). In addition, three virulence genes were assessed in P. multocida isolates, all being positive to capA (PmA) and kmt1 genes, all negative to capD and toxA, and most of them (85%) negative to pfhA gene. The susceptibility of both pathogens to tildipirosin was investigated using a broth microdilution assay. The percentage of isolates susceptible to tildipirosin was 95% for App and 73.3% for PmA. The MIC50 values were 0.25 and 1 μg/mL and the MIC90 values were 4 and >64 μg/mL for App and PmA, respectively. Finally, a multiple-dose protocol of tildipirosin was tested in suckling piglets on a farm endemic for both pathogens. Tildipirosin was able to prevent the natural colonization of the tonsils by App and PmA and significantly (p < 0.0001) reduced the burden of Glaesserella parasuis in this tissue. In summary, our results demonstrate that: (i) tildipirosin can be included in the list of antibiotics to control outbreaks of lung disease caused by App regardless of the capsular type, and (ii) in the case of clinical strains of App and PmA that are sensitive to tildipirosin based on susceptibility testing, the use of this antibiotic in eradication programs for A. pleuropneumoniae and P. multocida can be strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzana Satomi Kuchiishi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Advanced Immunology, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo 99052-900, Brazil; (S.S.K.); (E.B.); (B.F.L.); (L.C.K.)
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Sanidade Animal—CEDISA, Concórdia 89727-000, Brazil;
| | | | - Eduarda Bresolin
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Advanced Immunology, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo 99052-900, Brazil; (S.S.K.); (E.B.); (B.F.L.); (L.C.K.)
- AFK Imunotech, Passo Fundo 99052-900, Brazil;
| | - Bianca Fernandes Lenhard
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Advanced Immunology, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo 99052-900, Brazil; (S.S.K.); (E.B.); (B.F.L.); (L.C.K.)
| | - Caroline Pissetti
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Sanidade Animal—CEDISA, Concórdia 89727-000, Brazil;
| | - María-José García-Iglesias
- Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of León, 24007 León, Spain; (M.-J.G.-I.); (C.-B.G.-M.); (S.M.-M.)
| | - César-Bernardo Gutiérrez-Martín
- Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of León, 24007 León, Spain; (M.-J.G.-I.); (C.-B.G.-M.); (S.M.-M.)
| | - Sonia Martínez-Martínez
- Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of León, 24007 León, Spain; (M.-J.G.-I.); (C.-B.G.-M.); (S.M.-M.)
| | - Luiz Carlos Kreutz
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Advanced Immunology, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo 99052-900, Brazil; (S.S.K.); (E.B.); (B.F.L.); (L.C.K.)
| | - Rafael Frandoloso
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Advanced Immunology, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo 99052-900, Brazil; (S.S.K.); (E.B.); (B.F.L.); (L.C.K.)
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Vilaró A, Novell E, Enrique-Tarancon V, Baliellas J, Migura-García L, Fraile L. The Susceptibility Trends of Respiratory and Enteric Porcine Pathogens to Last-Resource Antimicrobials. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1575. [PMID: 37998776 PMCID: PMC10668718 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12111575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Monitoring the antimicrobial susceptibility of last-resource antimicrobials for veterinary pathogens is urgently needed from a one-health perspective. The objective of this study was to analyze the antimicrobial susceptibility trends of Spanish porcine bacteria to quinolones, cephalosporins, and polymyxins. Isolates of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida, and Escherichia coli were isolated from sick pigs from 2019 to 2022. An antimicrobial susceptibility test was determined based on the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) following an internationally accepted methodology. The MIC categorization was based on distributing the range of MIC values in four categories, with category one being the most susceptible (lowest MIC value) and category four the least susceptible (highest MIC value). Moreover, clinical susceptibility (susceptible/non-susceptible) was also determined according to the CLSI and EUCAST clinical breakpoints. A logistic and multinomial logistic regression model was used to analyze the susceptibility data for dichotomized and categorized MIC data, respectively, for any pair of antimicrobial/microorganism. In general terms, the antimicrobial susceptibility of pig bacteria to these antimicrobials remained stable or increased in the last four years in Spain. In the case of A. pleuropneumoniae and quinolones, a significant temporal trend was observed where isolates from 2020 had significantly increased odds of being more susceptible than isolates from 2019. In the case of E. coli and polymyxins, a significant temporal trend was observed where isolates from 2020 and 2021 had significantly increased odds of being more susceptible than isolates from 2019 and 2020, respectively. Finally, significant odds of being less susceptible were only observed for cephalosporins and E. coli for 2020 versus 2019, stagnating for the rest of study period. These results provide sound data on critically important antimicrobials in swine medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vilaró
- Grup de Sanejament Porcí, 25192 Lleida, Spain; (A.V.); (E.N.); (V.E.-T.); (J.B.)
| | - Elena Novell
- Grup de Sanejament Porcí, 25192 Lleida, Spain; (A.V.); (E.N.); (V.E.-T.); (J.B.)
| | | | - Jordi Baliellas
- Grup de Sanejament Porcí, 25192 Lleida, Spain; (A.V.); (E.N.); (V.E.-T.); (J.B.)
| | - Lourdes Migura-García
- Unitat Mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Fraile
- Departament de Ciència Animal, ETSEA, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio, 25198 Lleida, Spain
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Vilaró A, Novell E, Enrique-Tarancon V, Baliellas J, Fraile L. Susceptibility trends of swine respiratory pathogens from 2019 to 2022 to antimicrobials commonly used in Spain. Porcine Health Manag 2023; 9:47. [PMID: 37858281 PMCID: PMC10588200 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-023-00341-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most important health challenges in humans and animals. Antibiotic susceptibility determination is used to select the most suitable drug to treat animals according to its success probability following the European legislation in force for these drugs. We have studied the antibiotic susceptibility pattern (ASP) of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) and Pasteurella multocida (PM) isolates, collected during the period 2019-2022 in Spain. ASP was measured by determining minimum inhibitory concentration using standardized laboratory methods and its temporal trend was determined by logistic regression analysis of non-susceptible/susceptible isolates using clinical breakpoints. RESULTS It was not observed any significant temporal trends for susceptibility of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae to ceftiofur, florfenicol, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, tulathromycin and tildipirosin during the study period (p > 0.05). Contrarily, a significant temporal trend (p < 0.05) was observed for quinolones (enrofloxacin and marbofloxacin), tetracyclines (doxycycline and oxyteracycline), amoxicillin, tiamulin and tilmicosin. On the other hand, it was not observed any significant temporal trends for susceptibility of Pasteurella multocida to quinolones (enrofloxacin and marbofloxacin), amoxicillin, ceftiofur, florfenicol and macrolides (tildipirosin, tulathromycin and tilmicosin) during the study period (p > 0.05). Contrarily, a significant temporal trend (p < 0.05) was observed for tetracyclines (oxyteracycline), tiamulin and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. CONCLUSIONS In general terms, pig pathogens (APP and PM) involved in respiratory diseases analysed herein appeared to remain susceptible or tended to increase susceptibility to antimicrobials over the study period (2019-2022), but our data clearly showed a different pattern in the evolution of antimicrobial susceptibility for each combination of drug and microorganism. Our results highlight that the evolution of antimicrobial susceptibility must be studied in a case-by-case situation where generalization for drug families and bacteria is not possible even for bacteria located in the same ecological niche.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lorenzo Fraile
- Department of Animal Science, University of Lleida - Agrotecnio Center, Lleida, Spain.
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Siteavu MI, Drugea RI, Pitoiu E, Ciobotaru-Pirvu E. Antimicrobial Resistance of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Streptococcus suis, and Pasteurella multocida Isolated from Romanian Swine Farms. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2410. [PMID: 37894069 PMCID: PMC10609511 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is an important health issue in human and veterinary medicine. The aim of this study was to monitor the antimicrobial resistance of three of the most important bacteria involved in porcine respiratory disease. A total of 465 isolates were tested during the 2017-2022 period for antimicrobial susceptibility for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (n = 137), Streptococcus suis (n = 207), and Pasteurella multocida (n = 121) by disk diffusion method. The results were interpreted by CLSI breakpoints, where available. High rates of susceptibility (from 90 to >99%) were observed for cefquinome, ceftiofur, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, amoxicillin, penicillin, ampicillin, florfenicol, enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. A. pleuropneumoniae isolates showed high resistance to streptomycin (77%), gentamycin (45%), tilmicosin (39%) erythromycin (33%), oxytetracycline (19%), and tetracycline (18%). For S. suis, the highest rates of resistance were observed for streptomycin (98%), tetracycline (75%), oxytetracycline (72%), doxycycline (52%), and erythromycin (51%). P. multocida presented a high rate of resistance for streptomycin (63%), tilmicosin (29%), oxytetracycline (13%), and tetracycline (14%). Bacteria isolates maintained high susceptibility against antimicrobial agents usually used against the mainly respiratory tract pathogens of swine. Resistance for streptomycin, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, and tilmicosin was high for all the tested pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalina Iulia Siteavu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 050097 Bucharest, Romania
- Synevovet Laboratory, Ilfov County, 077040 Chiajna, Romania
| | - Roxana Ionela Drugea
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 050097 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Pitoiu
- Synevovet Laboratory, Ilfov County, 077040 Chiajna, Romania
| | - Emilia Ciobotaru-Pirvu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 050097 Bucharest, Romania
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Somogyi Z, Mag P, Simon R, Kerek Á, Makrai L, Biksi I, Jerzsele Á. Susceptibility of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida and Streptococcus suis Isolated from Pigs in Hungary between 2018 and 2021. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1298. [PMID: 37627719 PMCID: PMC10451952 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) has been a major animal health, welfare, and economic problem in Hungary; therefore, great emphasis should be put on both the prevention and control of this complex disease. As antibacterial agents are effective tools for control, antibiotic susceptibility testing is indispensable for the proper implementation of antibacterial therapy and to prevent the spread of resistance. The best method for this is to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by the broth microdilution method. In our study, we measured the MIC values of 164 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, 65 Pasteurella multocida, and 118 Streptococcus suis isolates isolated from clinical cases against the following antibacterial agents: amoxicillin, ceftiofur, cefquinome, oxytetracycline, doxycycline, tylosin, tilmicosin, tylvalosin, tulathromycin, lincomycin, tiamulin, florfenicol, colistin, enrofloxacin, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. Outstanding efficacy against A. pleuropneumoniae isolates was observed with ceftiofur (100%) and tulathromycin (100%), while high levels of resistance were observed against cefquinome (92.7%) and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (90.8%). Ceftiofur (98.4%), enrofloxacin (100%), florfenicol (100%), and tulathromycin (100%) were found to be highly effective against P. multocida isolates, while 100% resistance was detected against the sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim combination. For the S. suis isolates, only ceftiofur (100%) was not found to be resistant, while the highest rate of resistance was observed against the sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim combination (94.3%). An increasing number of studies report multi-resistant strains of all three pathogens, making their monitoring a high priority for animal and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Somogyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István Str. 2., H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; (P.M.); (R.S.); (Á.K.); (Á.J.)
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Patrik Mag
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István Str. 2., H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; (P.M.); (R.S.); (Á.K.); (Á.J.)
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Réka Simon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István Str. 2., H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; (P.M.); (R.S.); (Á.K.); (Á.J.)
| | - Ádám Kerek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István Str. 2., H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; (P.M.); (R.S.); (Á.K.); (Á.J.)
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Makrai
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, István Str. 2., H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Imre Biksi
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István Str. 2., H-1078 Budapest, Hungary;
- SCG Diagnostics Ltd., HU-2437 Délegyháza, Hungary
| | - Ákos Jerzsele
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István Str. 2., H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; (P.M.); (R.S.); (Á.K.); (Á.J.)
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
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de Jong A, Morrissey I, Rose M, Temmerman R, Klein U, Simjee S, El Garch F. Antimicrobial susceptibility among respiratory tract pathogens isolated from diseased cattle and pigs from different parts of Europe. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad132. [PMID: 37391360 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To survey antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria causing cattle and pig respiratory infections in 10 European countries. METHODS AND RESULTS Non-replicate nasopharyngeal/nasal or lung swabs were collected from animals with acute respiratory signs during 2015-2016. Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica, Histophilus somni from cattle (n = 281), and P. multocida, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Glaesserella parasuis, Bordetella bronchiseptica, and Streptococcus suis from pigs (n = 593) were isolated. MICs were assessed following CLSI standards and interpreted using veterinary breakpoints where available. Histophilus somni isolates were fully antibiotic susceptible. Bovine P. multocida and M. haemolytica were susceptible to all antibiotics, except tetracycline (11.6%-17.6% resistance). Low macrolide and spectinomycin resistance was observed for P. multocida and M. haemolytica (1.3%-8.8%). Similar susceptibility was observed in pigs, where breakpoints are available. Resistance in P. multocida, A. pleuropneumoniae, and S. suis to ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, and florfenicol was absent or <5%. Tetracycline resistance varied from 10.6% to 21.3%, but was 82.4% in S. suis. Overall multidrug-resistance was low. Antibiotic resistance in 2015-2016 remained similar as in 2009-2012. CONCLUSIONS Low antibiotic resistance was observed among respiratory tract pathogens, except for tetracycline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anno de Jong
- VetPath Study Group, CEESA, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Markus Rose
- VetPath Study Group, CEESA, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Ulrich Klein
- VetPath Study Group, CEESA, B-1150 Brussels, Belgium
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Li X, Liu Z, Gao T, Liu W, Yang K, Guo R, Li C, Tian Y, Wang N, Zhou D, Bei W, Yuan F. Tea Polyphenols Protects Tracheal Epithelial Tight Junctions in Lung during Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Infection via Suppressing TLR-4/MAPK/PKC-MLCK Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11842. [PMID: 37511601 PMCID: PMC10380469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) is the causative pathogen of porcine pleuropneumonia, a highly contagious respiratory disease in the pig industry. The increasingly severe antimicrobial resistance in APP urgently requires novel antibacterial alternatives for the treatment of APP infection. In this study, we investigated the effect of tea polyphenols (TP) against APP. MIC and MBC of TP showed significant inhibitory effects on bacteria growth and caused cellular damage to APP. Furthermore, TP decreased adherent activity of APP to the newborn pig tracheal epithelial cells (NPTr) and the destruction of the tight adherence junction proteins β-catenin and occludin. Moreover, TP improved the survival rate of APP infected mice but also attenuated the release of the inflammation-related cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α. TP inhibited activation of the TLR/MAPK/PKC-MLCK signaling for down-regulated TLR-2, TLR4, p-JNK, p-p38, p-PKC-α, and MLCK in cells triggered by APP. Collectively, our data suggest that TP represents a promising therapeutic agent in the treatment of APP infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zewen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Ting Gao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Keli Yang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Chang Li
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Yongxiang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Ningning Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Danna Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Weicheng Bei
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fangyan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
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10
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Immunomodulatory Effects of Macrolides Considering Evidence from Human and Veterinary Medicine. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122438. [PMID: 36557690 PMCID: PMC9784682 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrolide antimicrobial agents have been in clinical use for more than 60 years in both human and veterinary medicine. The discovery of the non-antimicrobial properties of macrolides and the effect of immunomodulation of the inflammatory response has benefited patients with chronic airway diseases and impacted morbidity and mortality. This review examines the evidence of antimicrobial and non-antimicrobial properties of macrolides in human and veterinary medicine with a focus toward veterinary macrolides but including important and relevant evidence from the human literature. The complete story for these complex and important molecules is continuing to be written.
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11
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Saki M, Amin M, Savari M, Hashemzadeh M, Seyedian SS. Beta-lactamase determinants and molecular typing of carbapenem-resistant classic and hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates from southwest of Iran. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1029686. [PMID: 36406386 PMCID: PMC9669656 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1029686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant classic Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-cKp) and carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-hvKp) isolates in southwestern Iran. From 2019 to 2021, 136 (88.9%) cKp and 17 (11.1%) hvKp isolates were identified using biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antibiotic resistance, beta-lactamases, and clonal relatedness of carbapenem-resistant isolates were investigated using disk diffusion, PCR, and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR), respectively. The different markers of hvKp isolates were as follows: string test (35.3%, n = 6/17), magA (11.8%, n = 2/17), rmpA (11.8%, n = 2/17), rmpA2 (52.9%, n = 9/17), iucA (52.9%, n = 9/17), and peg344 (35.3%, n = 6/17). Also, 55.1% (n = 75/136) of cKp and 47.1% (n = 8/17) of hvKp isolates were CR-cKp and CR-hvKp, respectively. All CR-hvKp (100.0%, n = 8) isolates were MDR. Colistin, tetracycline, and tigecycline were the most effective antibiotics. The occurrence of beta-lactamase genes in 75 CR-cKp and 8 CR-hvKp isolates was as follows: bla NDM (41.3, 25.0%), bla IMP (4.0, 0.0%), bla VIM (8.0, 0.0%), bla GES (14.7, 25.0%), bla OXA-48-like (20.0, 0.0%), bla CTX-M (26.7, 12.5%), bla SHV (24.0, 12.5%), bla TEM (10.7, 0.0%), bla FOX (6.7, 0.0%), bla DHA (6.7, 0.0%), bla CMY (5.3, 0.0%), bla LAT (12.0, 0.0%), and bla ACT (8.0, 0.0%). ERIC-PCR showed a high diversity among isolates. In this study, the occurrence of MDR CR-hvKp isolates harboring bla NDM and bla GES was detected for the first time in southwestern Iran. To prevent the spread of CR-hvKp and reduce selection pressure, long-term surveillance and more effective treatment strategies should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Saki
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mansour Amin
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Savari
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashemzadeh
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Saeid Seyedian
- Alimentary Tract Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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12
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Puvača N. Optimization of Veterinary Antimicrobial Treatment in Companion and Food Animals. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:1137. [PMID: 36010005 PMCID: PMC9405314 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11081137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several international strategies for antimicrobial stewardship have been developed in response to the global crisis of antimicrobial resistance [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Puvača
- Department of Engineering Management in Biotechnology, Faculty of Economics and Engineering Management in Novi Sad, University Business Academy in Novi Sad, Cvećarska 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
- Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Jaume I University, Avinguda de Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
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13
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Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Porcine Bacterial Pathogens: Investigating the Prospect of Testing a Representative Drug for Each Antimicrobial Family. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11050638. [PMID: 35625283 PMCID: PMC9137606 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11050638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing is necessary to carry out antimicrobial stewardship but a limited number of drugs belonging to each antimicrobial family has to be tested for technical limitations and economic resources. In this study, we have determined the minimal inhibitory concentration, using microdilution following international standards (CLSI), for 490 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, 285 Pasteurella multocida, 73 Bordetella bronchiseptica, 398 Streptococcus suis and 1571 Escherichia coli strains from clinical cases collected in Spain between 2018 and 2020. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was deciphered using a principal component analysis for each bacterium and a matrix correlation (high > 0.8, medium 0.5−0.8 and low < 0.5) was obtained for each pair of antimicrobials. No significant associations were observed between MIC patterns for different antimicrobial families, suggesting that co-selection mechanisms are not generally present in these porcine pathogens. However, a high correlation was observed between the fluroquinolones (marbofloxacin and enrofloxacin) for all mentioned pathogens and for ceftiofur and cefquinome for E. coli and S. suis. Moreover, a significant association was also observed for tetracyclines (doxycycline and oxytetracycline) and B. bronchiseptica and tildipirosin/tulathromycin for P. multocida. These results suggest that generally, a representative drug per antimicrobial class cannot be selected, however, for some drug−bug combinations, MIC values from one representative drug could be extrapolated to the whole antimicrobial family.
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14
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Optimization and Validation of Dosage Regimen for Ceftiofur against Pasteurella multocida in Swine by Physiological Based Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073722. [PMID: 35409082 PMCID: PMC8998519 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Model informed drug development is a valuable tool for drug development and clinical application due to its ability to integrate variability and uncertainty of data. This study aimed to determine an optimal dosage of ceftiofur against P. multocida by ex vivo pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model and validate the dosage regimens by Physiological based Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) model. The pharmacokinetic profiles of ceftiofur both in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) are determined. PD performance of ceftiofur against P. multocida was investigated. By establishing PK/PD model, PK/PD parameters and doses were determined. PBPK model and PBPK/PD model were developed to validate the dosage efficacy. The PK/PD parameters, AUC0–24 h/MIC, for bacteriostatic action, bactericidal action and elimination were determined as 44.02, 89.40, and 119.90 h and the corresponding dosages were determined as 0.22, 0.46, and 0.64 mg/kg, respectively. AUC24 h/MIC and AUC 72 h/MIC are simulated by PBPK model, compared with the PK/PD parameters, the therapeutic effect can reach probability of target attainment (PTA) of 90%. The time-courses of bacterial growth were predicted by the PBPK/PD model, which indicated the dosage of 0.46 mg/kg body weight could inhibit the bacterial growth and perform good bactericidal effect.
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15
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Rattanapanadda P, Kuo HC, Chang SK, Tell LA, Shia WY, Chou CC. Effect of Carbonyl Cyanide Chlorophenylhydrazone on Intrabacterial Concentration and Antimicrobial Activity of Amphenicols against Swine Resistant Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida. Vet Res Commun 2022; 46:903-916. [PMID: 35322371 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-09917-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Effects and mechanism of carbonyl cyanide chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) on antimicrobial activity of florfenicol (FF) and thiamphenicol (TAP) were investigated against amphenicol-resistant Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida isolated from diseased swine. Broth microdilution and time-kill assays indicated that CCCP dose-dependently and substantially (4-32 fold MIC reduction) improved amphenicol antimicrobial activity. When combined with CCCP at the lowest literature reported dose (2-5 μg/mL), 85% FF resistant A. pleuropneumoniae and 92% resistant P. multocida showed significantly reduced FF MICs (≥ 4-fold). In contrast, none or few of the susceptible A. pleuropneumoniae and P. multocida had FF MICs reduction ≥ 4-fold. 90% FF resistant A. pleuropneumoniae and 96% resistant P. multocida carried the floR gene, indicating strong association with the FloR efflux pump. With CCCP, the intracellular FF concentration increased by 71% in floR+ resistant A. pleuropneumoniae and 156% in floR+ resistant P. multocida strains but not the susceptible strains. The degree of reduction in TAP MICs was found consistently in parallel to FF for both bacteria. Taken together, partially attributed to blockage of drug-efflux, the combination of FF or TAP with CCCP at sub-cytotoxic concentrations was demonstrated and showed feasibility to combat amphenicol-resistant A. pleuropneumoniae and P. multocida isolated from diseased swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Porjai Rattanapanadda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, 402.,Department of Livestock Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Hung-Chih Kuo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan, 600
| | - Shao-Kuang Chang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, 106
| | - Lisa Ann Tell
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Wei-Yau Shia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, 402
| | - Chi-Chung Chou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, 402.
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16
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Nielsen SS, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin-Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortazar Schmidt C, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MA, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Roberts HC, Sihvonen LH, Spoolder H, Stahl K, Velarde A, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Dewulf J, Guardabassi L, Hilbert F, Mader R, Baldinelli F, Alvarez J. Assessment of animal diseases caused by bacteria resistant to antimicrobials: Swine. EFSA J 2022; 19:e07113. [PMID: 34987628 PMCID: PMC8703240 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.7113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this opinion, the antimicrobial-resistant bacteria responsible for transmissible diseases that constitute a threat to the health of pigs have been assessed. The assessment has been performed following a methodology based on information collected by an extensive literature review and expert judgement. Details of the methodology used for this assessment are explained in a separate opinion. A global state of play of antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli, Streptococcus suis, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida, Glaeserella parasuis, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus hyicus, Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, Trueperella pyogenes, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Mycoplasma hyosynoviae, Mycoplasma hyorhinis, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Brachyspira pilosicoli has been provided. Among those bacteria, EFSA identified E. coli and B. hyodysenteriae with > 66% certainty as being the most relevant antimicrobial resistant bacteria in the EU based on the available evidence. The animal health impact of these most relevant bacteria, as well as their eligibility for being listed and categorised within the animal health law framework will be assessed in separate scientific opinions.
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17
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Zamarano H, Musinguzi B, Kabajulizi I, Manirakiza G, Guti W, Muhwezi I, Hussein AA, Baweera A, Kabahinda B, Itabangi H, Bazira J, Kabanda T. Bacteriological profile, antibiotic susceptibility and factors associated with neonatal Septicaemia at Kilembe mines hospital, Kasese District Western Uganda. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:303. [PMID: 34736415 PMCID: PMC8567569 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02367-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neonatal septicaemia is one of the most common leading causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality in developing countries. It is estimated to affect more than 30 million people worldwide annually, potentially leading to 6 million deaths. Objective(s) To determine the prevalence, bacteriological profile, antibiotic susceptibility and factors associated with neonatal septicaemia among neonates suspected to sepsis at Kilembe mines hospital. Methods We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study, where purposive sampling technique was used and blood was drawn from 122 neonates suspected to sepsis attending Kilembe Mines Hospital during the period (July to November 2020). Specimens were inoculated in Brain heart infusion broth, transported to Fortportal Regional Referral Hospital, plated daily up to 7 days on blood, chocolate, MacConkey agar and incubated in aerobic and 5% carbondioxide. Pure colonies were identified by Gram stain, biochemical tests and antibiotic sensitivities obtained by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Associations were tested using Chi square with Fisher’s exact or Yates correction tests where necessary and statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Stata (version 14) used for statistical analysis. Results Blood cultures were positive in 59.0% cases with 55.5% male and 44.4% female. EOS was present in 56.9% and LOS 43.1% of the cases. Gram negative (56.9%) organisms were most implicated with neonatal septicaemia than Gram positives ones (43.1%). Gram positive organisms exhibited better susceptibility to amikacin, linezolid and vancomycin but more resistant to ampicillin and gentamicin. Of the aminoglycosides, amikacin exhibited a verge over netilmicin and gentamicin against Gram negative isolates. Risk factors of neonatal septicaemia were mother’s age of ≥25 years, employed mothers, tertiary-level of education, SVD, ANC attendance of ≥4 times, UTI during pregnancy, PROMS, foul Smelling liquor, urban residence, neonatal birth weight of ≥2500 g, Apgar score 1st and 5th min ≥6 and resuscitation. Conclusion Multi-drug resistant organisms were isolated. Therefore caution is required in selection of antibiotic therapy and avoid empirical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Zamarano
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda.
| | - Benson Musinguzi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Muni University, P.O. Box 725, Arua, Uganda.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, King Ceasor University, P.O. Box 88, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Immaculate Kabajulizi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Godfrey Manirakiza
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Walker Guti
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Ivan Muhwezi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Ayan Ahmed Hussein
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Agnes Baweera
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Boaz Kabahinda
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Herbert Itabangi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Busitema University, P.O Box 1460, Mbale, Uganda
| | - Joel Bazira
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Taseera Kabanda
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
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18
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Földi D, Kreizinger Z, Bekő K, Belecz N, Bányai K, Kiss K, Biksi I, Gyuranecz M. Development of a molecular biological assay for the detection of markers related to decreased susceptibility to macrolides and lincomycin in Mycoplasma hyorhinis. Acta Vet Hung 2021; 69:110-115. [PMID: 34280127 DOI: 10.1556/004.2021.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The control of Mycoplasma hyorhinis infection relies mainly on antimicrobial therapy. However, the antibiotic susceptibility testing of the bacteria is usually not performed before applying the treatment, and thus therapeutic failures are not uncommon. In the case of M. hyorhinis, several antibiotic-resistance-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are known but assays for their detection have not been described yet. The aims of the present study were to investigate macrolide- and lincomycin-resistance-related SNPs in Hungarian M. hyorhinis isolates and to develop mismatch amplification mutation assays (MAMA) to detect the identified resistance markers. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of different drugs and whole genome sequences of 37 M. hyorhinis isolates were used to find the resistance-related mutations. One MAMA assay was designed to detect the mutation of the 23S rRNA gene at nucleotide position 2058 (Escherichia coli numbering). For further evaluation, the assay was challenged with 17 additional isolates with available MIC data and 15 DNA samples from clinical specimens. The genotypes of the samples were in line with the MIC test results. The developed assay supports the practice of targeted antibiotic usage; hence it may indirectly reduce some bacterial resistance-related public health concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorottya Földi
- 1Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Kreizinger
- 1Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katinka Bekő
- 1Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Belecz
- 1Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Bányai
- 1Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Imre Biksi
- 3Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Gyuranecz
- 1Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143, Budapest, Hungary
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19
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Puvača N, de Llanos Frutos R. Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Humans and Pet Animals. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:69. [PMID: 33450827 PMCID: PMC7828219 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout scientific literature, we can find evidence that antimicrobial resistance has become a big problem in the recent years on a global scale. Public healthcare systems all over the world are faced with a great challenge in this respect. Obviously, there are many bacteria that can cause infections in humans and animals alike, but somehow it seems that the greatest threat nowadays comes from the Enterobacteriaceae members, especially Escherichia coli. Namely, we are witnesses to the fact that the systems that these bacteria developed to fight off antibiotics are the strongest and most diverse in Enterobacteriaceae. Our great advantage is in understanding the systems that bacteria developed to fight off antibiotics, so these can help us understand the connection between these microorganisms and the occurrence of antibiotic-resistance both in humans and their pets. Furthermore, unfavorable conditions related to the ease of E. coli transmission via the fecal-oral route among humans, environmental sources, and animals only add to the problem. For all the above stated reasons, it is evident that the epidemiology of E. coli strains and resistance mechanisms they have developed over time are extremely significant topics and all scientific findings in this area will be of vital importance in the fight against infections caused by these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Puvača
- Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Jaume I University, Avinguda de Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain;
- Department of Engineering Management in Biotechnology, Faculty of Economics and Engineering Management in Novi Sad, University Business Academy in Novi Sad, Cvećarska 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Rosa de Llanos Frutos
- Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Jaume I University, Avinguda de Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain;
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Vilaró A, Novell E, Enrique-Tarancón V, Balielles J, Allué E, Fraile L. Antimicrobial Stewardship for Respiratory Pathogens in Swine. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E727. [PMID: 33105780 PMCID: PMC7690587 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9110727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to set up antimicrobial stewardship for swine respiratory pathogens following the recommendation from the European Medicine Agency. The obtained antimicrobial susceptibility pattern recommended using antimicrobial stewardship for each clinical case instead of treatment guidelines focused on pathogens. Thus, the bacteria are isolated and the MIC values, the clinical interpretation for each antimicrobial (susceptible or resistant), additional information about the distance between the MIC obtained and the clinical breakpoint, and set up for each drug, are represented in the report provided for veterinarians. A graph from green (susceptible) to red (resistant) is enclosed for each antimicrobial and microorganism in the report. The greener, the more susceptible is the strain, and the redder, the less susceptible is the strain for each particular antimicrobial. This information could help veterinarians to select the most suitable antimicrobial from first, second, or last option antimicrobials. Thus, veterinarians should choose the antimicrobial, inside each option, with the best antimicrobial susceptibility pattern that corresponds with the greener status in the report. The information provided in the report could be useful for all clinical cases, caused by a certain bacterium within the same pig production system, if an epidemiological link could be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vilaró
- Grup de Sanejament Porcí, 25192 Lleida, Spain; (A.V.); (E.N.); (V.E.-T.); (J.B.); (E.A.)
| | - Elena Novell
- Grup de Sanejament Porcí, 25192 Lleida, Spain; (A.V.); (E.N.); (V.E.-T.); (J.B.); (E.A.)
| | | | - Jordi Balielles
- Grup de Sanejament Porcí, 25192 Lleida, Spain; (A.V.); (E.N.); (V.E.-T.); (J.B.); (E.A.)
| | - Eduard Allué
- Grup de Sanejament Porcí, 25192 Lleida, Spain; (A.V.); (E.N.); (V.E.-T.); (J.B.); (E.A.)
| | - Lorenzo Fraile
- Departament de Ciència Animal, ETSEA, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio, 25198 Lleida, Spain
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Isolates, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles and Multidrug Resistance of Bacteria Cultured from Pig Submissions in New Zealand. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10081427. [PMID: 32824043 PMCID: PMC7460312 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Data on the scope of bacterial pathogens present and the frequency of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in New Zealand's pigs are limited. This study describes bacterial isolates, antimicrobial susceptibility data, and multidrug resistance (MDR; resistance to ≥3 antimicrobial classes) from New Zealand pig submissions. Porcine test data from June 2003 to February 2016 were obtained from commercial veterinary pathology laboratory records. In total, 470/477 unique submissions resulted in bacterial growth, yielding 779 isolates. Sample type was recorded for 360/477 (75.5%); lung (79/360; 21.9%), faecal (61/360; 16.9%) and intestinal (45/360; 12.5%) were most common. The most common isolates were Escherichia coli (186/779, 23.9%), Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (43/779; 5.5%), Streptococcus suis (43/779; 5.5%), unidentified Campylobacter spp. (38/779; 4.9%), alpha haemolytic Streptococci (32/779; 4.1%), coagulase negative Staphylococcus spp. (26/779; 3.3%), and Pasteurella multocida (25/779; 3.2%). Susceptibility results were available for 141/779 (18.1%) isolates from 62/470 (13.2%) submissions. Most were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulphonamide (75/81; 92.6%), but fewer were susceptible to penicillin (37/77; 48.1%), tilmicosin (18/43; 41.9%), or tetracyclines (41/114; 36.0%). No susceptibility data were available for Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., or Yersinia spp. isolates. MDR was present in 60/141 (42.6%) isolates. More data on sample submission drivers, antimicrobial drug use, and susceptibilities of important porcine bacterial isolates are required to inform guidelines for prudent antimicrobial use, to reduce their prevalence, human transmission, and to minimise AMR and MDR.
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