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de Souto Sobrinho JD, de Valença Silva AK, de Medeiros KB, Silva MLCR, de Medeiros ABM, de Sousa DLC, de Azevedo SS, de Sousa Américo Batista Santos C. Antimicrobial resistance, enterotoxin and biofilm production genes in Staphylococcus spp. isolated from facilities and fomites in veterinary hospital in the Caatinga biome. Braz J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s42770-024-01400-3. [PMID: 38819774 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01400-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The Caatinga biome occurs only in Brazil and offers epidemiological conditions that should be assessed differently from other regions of Brazil and the world. Thus, the aim of this survey was to identify antimicrobial resistance, enterotoxin and biofilm production genes in Staphylococcus spp. isolated from facilities and fomites in a veterinary hospital in Caatinga biome. Samples were collected from surfaces of small animal clinical care tables (n =8), cages in the dog and cat hospitalisation sector and animals with infectious diseases (n = 21), small animal surgical centre (n =8), sterilisation sector (n =7) and stethoscopes (n = 32) by using sterile swabs. Bacterial isolation and identification, antimicrobial resistance phenotypic test and molecular detection of antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation and enterotoxin genes were carried out. Ninety-five bacterial isolates were obtained, and 29 (30.5%) were identified as Staphylococcus spp. Overall, 13 isolates (44.8%) of six species of Staphylococcus spp. showed antimicrobial resistance profile, as well as S. haemolyticus expressed phenotypic profile of multidrug resistance. The antimicrobials with the highest resistance rates were penicillin and tetracycline. The most frequent resistance genes were blaZ and tetM, both detected in 10 (76.9%) isolates. The mecA, tetL and tetK genes had frequencies of 38.5% (5/13), 23.1% (3/13) and 15.4% (2/13), respectively. The biofilm production marker, icaD gene, was detected in one S. sciuri strain. SEE gene, which encodes enterotoxins, was detected in 15.4% (2/13) of the strains (S. pseudintermedius and S. intermedius). The occurrence of Staphylococcus spp. carrying resistance genes to diferent classes of antimicrobials, presenting MDR phenotypic pattern and carrying enterotoxins and biofim encoding genes recovered from veterinary hospital facilities and fomites in the Caatinga biome reinforce the need to implement prevention cares in veterinary practices to avoid One Health-concerning conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sérgio Santos de Azevedo
- Federal University of Campina Grande, Post-Graduate Program in Animal Science and Health, Patos, PB, Brazil
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Sorovou G, Schinas G, Pasxali A, Tzoukmani A, Tryfinopoulou K, Gogos C, Dimopoulos G, Akinosoglou K. Epidemiology and Resistance Phenotypes of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Corfu General Hospital (2019-2022): A Comprehensive Time Series Analysis of Resistance Gene Dynamics. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2537. [PMID: 37894196 PMCID: PMC10608955 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a significant global health challenge, with Klebsiella pneumoniae being one of the most common antibiotic-resistant pathogens. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the prevalence and resistance patterns of antibiotic-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in the General Hospital of Corfu, Greece, between 2019 and 2022, with the aim of understanding the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the epidemiology of this bacterium. Utilizing a retrospective epidemiological approach, this study analyzed 212 isolates obtained from the hospital's Microbiology Department. These isolates were subjected to genotypic and phenotypic identification, with resistance genes (bla-KPC, bla-NDM, bla-VIM, bla-OXA-48, and mcr-1) and antibiotic resistance patterns as the primary focus. The results revealed a significant shift in resistance gene prevalence, with a notable increase in bla-KPC from 16.67% in 2021 to 58.46% in 2022, and a decrease in bla-NDM from 81.48% in 2021 to 38.46% in 2022. In terms of antibiotic resistance patterns, there was a consistent increase in resistance to amikacin and a significant decrease in resistance to ceftazidime/avibactam. These findings underscore the dynamic nature of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) resistance and highlight the need for ongoing surveillance and adaptive therapeutic strategies in the face of evolving resistance patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glykeria Sorovou
- Microbiology Laboratory, General Hospital of Corfu, 49100 Corfu, Greece
| | | | - Aggeliki Pasxali
- Microbiology Laboratory, General Hospital of Corfu, 49100 Corfu, Greece
| | - Angeliki Tzoukmani
- Central Public Health Laboratory, National Public Health Organization, 34 Alex. Fleming Str., 16672 Vari, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Tryfinopoulou
- Central Public Health Laboratory, National Public Health Organization, 34 Alex. Fleming Str., 16672 Vari, Greece
| | | | - George Dimopoulos
- 3rd Department of Critical Care, Evgenidio Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Karolina Akinosoglou
- School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University General Hospital of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
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Piergiacomo F, Brusetti L, Pagani L. Understanding the Interplay between Antimicrobial Resistance, Microplastics and Xenobiotic Contaminants: A Leap towards One Health? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:42. [PMID: 36612363 PMCID: PMC9819104 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, the two major public health threats in the twenty-first century are antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic-resistant genes. The reason for the global prevalence and the constant increase of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is owed to the steady rise in overall antimicrobial consumption in several medical, domestic, agricultural, industrial, and veterinary applications, with consequent environmental release. These antibiotic residues may directly contaminate terrestrial and aquatic environments in which antibiotic-resistance genes are also present. Reports suggest that metal contamination is one of the main drivers of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Moreover, the abundance of antibiotic-resistance genes is directly connected to the predominance of metal concentrations in the environment. In addition, microplastics have become a threat as emerging contaminants because of their ubiquitous presence, bio-inertness, toughness, danger to aquatic life, and human health implications. In the environment, microplastics and AMR are interconnected through biofilms, where genetic information (e.g., ARGs) is horizontally transferred between bacteria. From this perspective, we tried to summarize what is currently known on this topic and to propose a more effective One Health policy to tackle these threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Piergiacomo
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano-Bozen, Piazza Università 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Brusetti
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano-Bozen, Piazza Università 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Leonardo Pagani
- Antimicrobial Stewardship Project, Provincial Hospital of Bolzano (SABES-ASDAA), Lehrkrankenhaus der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
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Tiwari A, Kurittu P, Al-Mustapha AI, Heljanko V, Johansson V, Thakali O, Mishra SK, Lehto KM, Lipponen A, Oikarinen S, Pitkänen T, Heikinheimo A. Wastewater surveillance of antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens: A systematic review. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:977106. [PMID: 36590429 PMCID: PMC9798455 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.977106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by antibiotic-resistant bacterial (ARB) pathogens are a serious threat to human and animal health. The active surveillance of ARB using an integrated one-health approach can help to reduce the emergence and spread of ARB, reduce the associated economic impact, and guide antimicrobial stewardship programs. Wastewater surveillance (WWS) of ARB provides composite samples for a total population, with easy access to the mixed community microbiome. This concept is emerging rapidly, but the clinical utility, sensitivity, and uniformity of WWS of ARB remain poorly understood especially in relation to clinical evidence in sewershed communities. Here, we systematically searched the literature to identify studies that have compared findings from WWS of ARB and antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) with clinical evidence in parallel, thereby evaluating how likely WWS of ARB and ARG can relate to the clinical cases in communities. Initially, 2,235 articles were obtained using the primary search keywords, and 1,219 articles remained after de-duplication. Among these, 35 articles fulfilled the search criteria, and an additional 13 relevant articles were included by searching references in the primary literature. Among the 48 included papers, 34 studies used a culture-based method, followed by 11 metagenomics, and three PCR-based methods. A total of 28 out of 48 included studies were conducted at the single sewershed level, eight studies involved several countries, seven studies were conducted at national or regional scales, and five at hospital levels. Our review revealed that the performance of WWS of ARB pathogens has been evaluated more frequently for Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., and other members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, but has not been uniformly tested for all ARB pathogens. Many wastewater-based ARB studies comparing the findings with clinical evidence were conducted to evaluate the public health risk but not to relate with clinical evidence and to evaluate the performance of WWS of ARB. Indeed, relating WWS of ARB with clinical evidence in a sewershed is not straightforward, as the source of ARB in wastewater cannot be only from symptomatic human individuals but can also be from asymptomatic carriers as well as from animal sources. Further, the varying fates of each bacterial species and ARG within the sewerage make the aim of connecting WWS of ARB with clinical evidence more complicated. Therefore, future studies evaluating the performance of many AMR pathogens and their genes for WWS one by one can make the process simpler and the interpretation of results easier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda Tiwari
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,*Correspondence: Ananda Tiwari,
| | - Paula Kurittu
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ahmad I. Al-Mustapha
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria,Department of Veterinary Services, Kwara State Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Viivi Heljanko
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Venla Johansson
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ocean Thakali
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Shyam Kumar Mishra
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kirsi-Maarit Lehto
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anssi Lipponen
- Expert Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sami Oikarinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tarja Pitkänen
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Expert Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Annamari Heikinheimo
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Finnish Food Authority, Seinäjoki, Finland
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Sewunet T, K. K. S, Nguyen HH, Sithivong N, Hoang NTB, Sychareun V, Nengmongvang K, Larsson M, Olson L, Westerlund F, Giske CG. Fecal carriage and clonal dissemination of blaNDM-1 carrying Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 147 at an intensive care unit in Lao PDR. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274419. [PMID: 36194564 PMCID: PMC9531820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) are high priority targets of global antimicrobial surveillance. Herein, we determined the colonization rate of CPE on admission to intensive care units in Vientiane, Lao PDR in August-September 2019. METHODS Data regarding clinical conditions, infection control, and antibiotic usage were collected during admission. Rectal swab samples (n = 137) collected during admission were inoculated to selective chromogenic agars, followed by confirmatory tests for extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and carbapenemases. All CPE isolates were sequenced on Illumina (HiSeq2500), reads assembled using SPAdes 3.13, and the draft genomes used to query a database (https://www.genomicepidemiology.org) for resistome, plasmid replicons, and sequence types (ST). Optical DNA mapping (ODM) was used to characterize plasmids and to determine location of resistance genes. Minimum spanning tree was generated using the Bacterial Isolate Genome Sequence database (BIGSdb) and annotated using iTOL. RESULT From 47 Enterobacterales isolated on selective agars, K. pneumoniae (25/47) and E. coli (12/47) were the most prevalent species, followed by K aerogenes (2/47), K. variicola (1/47), and K. oxytoca (1/47). The overall prevalence of ESBLs was 51.0%; E. coli 83.3% (10/12) and Klebsiella spp. 41.3% (12/29). Twenty percent of the K. pneumoniae (5/25) isolates were carbapenem-resistant, and 4/5 contained the blaNDM-1 gene. All blaNDM-1 isolates belonged to ST147 and were indistinguishable with cgMLST. ODM showed that the blaNDM-1 gene was located on identical plasmids in all isolates. CONCLUSION The prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacterales was high, while carbapenemases were less common. However, the detection of clonal dissemination of blaNDM-1-producing K. pneumoniae isolates in one of the intensive care units calls for vigilance. Stringent infection prevention and antimicrobial stewardship strategies are highly important measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsegaye Sewunet
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Sriram K. K.
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ha Hoang Nguyen
- Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Training and Research Academic Collaboration (TRAC) Sweden, Vietnam
| | - Noikaseumsy Sithivong
- National Center for Laboratory and Epidemiology, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Ngoc Thi Bich Hoang
- Department of Microbiology, Vietnam National Children’s Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Vanphanom Sychareun
- Faculty of Postgraduate Studies, University of Health Sciences, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Kokasia Nengmongvang
- Faculty of Postgraduate Studies, University of Health Sciences, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Mattias Larsson
- Training and Research Academic Collaboration (TRAC) Sweden, Vietnam
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linus Olson
- Training and Research Academic Collaboration (TRAC) Sweden, Vietnam
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Westerlund
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christian G. Giske
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Matthiessen LE, Hald T, Vigre H. System Mapping of Antimicrobial Resistance to Combat a Rising Global Health Crisis. Front Public Health 2022; 10:816943. [PMID: 35784220 PMCID: PMC9249020 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.816943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) decreases the effectiveness of antimicrobials to treat bacterial infections in humans and animals. The increased occurrence of AMR in bacterial population in humans, animals, and the environment requires the measures to combat a rising global health crisis. The aim of this research was to present current knowledge on AMR in a system map and to identify potential explanations of former identified variables significantly associated with AMR. This study applies a systems thinking approach and uses feedback loops to visualize the interconnections between human, animal, and environmental components in a circular AMR system map model. First, a literature review focusing on AMR and socioeconomic factors, wicked problem, and system change was carried out, which was then processed in a system map to conceptualize the present core challenges of AMR via feedback loops. Second, to investigate possible underlying values of the society and those that influence humans' behavior in the present AMR system, an iceberg model was established. Third, leverage points were assessed to estimate which kinds of interventions would have the greatest effect to mitigate AMR in the system. The present AMR system map implies the potential to identify and visualize important risk factors that are direct or indirect drivers of AMR. Our results show that the tool of system mapping, which interconnects animals, humans, and environment in one model, can approach AMR holistically and be used to assess potential powerful entry points for system wide interventions. This study shows that system maps are beneficial as a model to predict the relative effect of different interventions and adapt to rapidly changing environments in a complex world. Systems thinking is considered as a complementing approach to the statistical thinking, and further research is needed to evaluate the use of such tools for the development and monitoring of interventions.
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Jin L, Wang Y, Liu X, Peng R, Lin S, Sun D, Ji H, Wang L, Zhang Y, Ahmad N. Codon optimization of chicken β Gallinacin-3 gene results in constitutive expression and enhanced antimicrobial activity in transgenic Medicago sativa L. Gene 2022; 835:146656. [PMID: 35680025 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Gallinacin-3 (Gal-3) is a newly discovered epithelial beta-defensin that acts as cationic antimicrobial peptides, and plays an important role in chicken innate immunity. However, the gallinacin-3 precursor containeda lengthy C-terminal region, which often hindered itsexpression. After codon optimization of Gal-3 and construction of an expression vector, the transgenic plants of Medicago sativa were obtained. Transgenic plants were validated and expression of proteins was detected. The antimicrobial activity of chicken β Gal-3 was analyzed and effects of chicken β Gal-3 on the body weight and intestinal microflora of mice were described. Our results demonstrated that the codon optimized chicken Gal-3 was stably expressed in transgenic Medicago sativa using the pCAMBIA3301 expression vector under the control of protein phosphatase (Ppha) promoter. Five transgenic plants with the highest expression of chicken β Gal-3 were selected, and were evaluated for the in vitro antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi. Our findings confirmed that the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the three bacterial strains were 32, 16 and 128 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, the effect of chicken Gal-3 on the body weight of mice fed with transgenic plants showed no significant deviation compared with that of the control group. Similarly, no loss of intestinal microflora was evident in the experimental group compared with the control group. Together, our findings demonstrate an alternative method for the stable expression of chicken Gal-3 withsignificant antibacterial effects and potential probiotics uses. In addition, this study may also be useful in the development of resistant M. sativa plants against pathogenic bacteria in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Jin
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130124, China
| | - Xiuming Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Renyi Peng
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Sue Lin
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Da Sun
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Hao Ji
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Naveed Ahmad
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources (Institute of Biotechnology), Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, China
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Nejjari C, El Achhab Y, Benaouda A, Abdelfattah C. Antimicrobial resistance among GLASS pathogens in Morocco: an epidemiological scoping review. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:438. [PMID: 35525923 PMCID: PMC9077917 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07412-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monitoring of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is of great importance due to the frequency of strains becoming increasingly resistant to antibiotics. This review, using a public health focused approach, which aims to understand and describe the current status of AMR in Morocco in relation to WHO priority pathogens and treatment guidelines. METHODS PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar Databases and grey literature are searched published articles on antimicrobial drug resistance data for GLASS priority pathogens isolated from Morocco between January 2011 and December 2021. Articles are screened using strict inclusion/exclusion criteria. AMR data is extracted with medians and IQR of resistance rates. RESULTS Forty-nine articles are included in the final analysis. The most reported bacterium is Escherichia coli with median resistance rates of 90.9%, 64.0%, and 56.0%, for amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and co-trimoxazole, respectively. Colistin had the lowest median resistance with 0.1%. A median resistance of 63.0% is calculated for amoxicillin-clavulanic acid in Klebsiella pneumonia. Imipenem resistance with a median of 74.5% is reported for Acinetobacter baumannii. AMR data for Streptococcus pneumonie does not exceed 50.0% as a median. CONCLUSIONS Whilst resistance rates are high for most of GLASS pathogens, there are deficient data to draw vigorous conclusions about the current status AMR in Morocco. The recently join to the GLASS system surveillance will begin to address this data gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chakib Nejjari
- International School of Public Health, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Youness El Achhab
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Km 2.2 Rte Sidi Harazem, B.P 1893, Fez, Morocco. .,CRMEF Fez-Meknes, Rue Kuwait, B.P 49, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Amina Benaouda
- Department of Microbiology, Cheikh Zayed International University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Chakib Abdelfattah
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
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Marco-Fuertes A, Marin C, Lorenzo-Rebenaque L, Vega S, Montoro-Dasi L. Antimicrobial Resistance in Companion Animals: A New Challenge for the One Health Approach in the European Union. Vet Sci 2022; 9:208. [PMID: 35622736 PMCID: PMC9146952 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9050208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the increase in multi-resistant bacteria are among the most important threats to public health worldwide, according to the World Health Organisation (WHO). Moreover, this issue is underpinned by the One Health perspective, due to the ability of AMR to be transmitted between animals and humans living in the same environment. Therefore, since 2014 different surveillance and control programmes have been established to control AMR in commensal and zoonotic bacteria in production animals. However, public health authorities' reports on AMR leave out companion animals, due to the lack of national programmes and data collection by countries. This missing information constitutes a serious public health concern due to the close contact between companion animals, humans and their surrounding environment. This absence of control and harmonisation between programmes in European countries leads to the ineffectiveness of antibiotics against common diseases. Thus, there is a pressing need to establish adequate surveillance and monitoring programmes for AMR in companion animals and further develop alternatives to antibiotic use in this sector, considering the impact this could have on the gut microbiota. In this context, the aim of this review is to evaluate the current control and epidemiological situations of AMR in companion animals in the European Union (EU), as well as the proposed alternatives to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Santiago Vega
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Avenida Seminario s/n, 46113 Moncada, Spain; (A.M.-F.); (C.M.); (L.L.-R.); (L.M.-D.)
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Meshcheryakova S, Shumadalova A, Beylerli O, Gareev I. Synthesis and biological activity of 2-[6-methyl-4-(thietan-3-yloxy)pyrimidin-2-ylthio]acetohydrazide derivatives. ADMET AND DMPK 2022; 9:167-176. [PMID: 35299769 PMCID: PMC8920104 DOI: 10.5599/admet.941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of new 2-[6-methyl-4-(thietan-3-yloxy)pyrimidin-2-ylthio]acetohydrazide derivatives was investigated. According to the literature, there are a lot of antimicrobial agents among the pyrimidines and hydrazides, and therefore it seems promising to use 2-[6-methyl-4-(thietan-3-yloxy)pyrimidin-2-ylthio]acetohydrazide as a base object for synthesizing new biologically active substances. 2-[6-methyl-4-(thietan-3-yloxy)pyrimidin-2-ylthio]acetohydrazide was obtained by the hydrazinolysis of ethyl thioacetate, using a 3-fold molar excess of 85 % hydrazine hydrate in ethanol, at room temperature. Interaction of 2-[6-methyl-4-(thietan-3-yloxy)pyrimidin-2-ylthio]acetohydrazide with ketones during boiling in ethanol yielded N-ylidenehydrazides. The solid obtained by concentration was collected, and then purified by recrystallization. The new compounds were characterized by 1H, 13C NMR, IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the new compounds were analysed using agar diffusion and tenfold broth (pH 7.2 - 7.4) dilution methods, in comparison with the clinical used drugs, ceftriaxone and Pimafucin. The structure-activity studies showed that, depending on the nature of the hydrazide fragment, the newly synthesized compounds exhibited varying degrees of microbial inhibition. Within the same series the antimicrobial activity depends on the nature of the substituent attached to the benzene ring. The investigation of antibacterial screening data revealed that the compounds N'-[1-(4-aminophenyl)ethylidene]-2-[6-methyl-4-(thietan-3-yloxy)pyrimidin-2-ylthio]acetohydrazide, N'-[1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]-2-[6-methyl-4-(thietan-3-yloxy)pyrimidin-2-ylthio]acetohydrazide, N'-[1- (2,5-dihydroxyphenyl) ethylidene]-2-[6-methyl-4-(thietan-3-yloxy)-pyrimidin-2-ylthio]acetohydrazide were found to be more potent than the other synthesized analogues.
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Vercelli C, Gambino G, Amadori M, Re G. Implications of Veterinary Medicine in the comprehension and stewardship of antimicrobial resistance phenomenon. From the origin till nowadays. Vet Anim Sci 2022; 16:100249. [PMID: 35479515 PMCID: PMC9036142 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2022.100249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a well-known phenomenon with several implications The contribution of Veterinary Medicine is underestimated. It was believed that only livestock was responsible for antibiotic resistance. Companion animals, wild animals and environment are more involved than estimated. Educational tools for public and more veterinary specialists are needed.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is defined by the entire scientific community as the major threat for human health and it is responsible for an increase in morbidity and mortality rates. The reasons behind this phenomenon are complex and the solution is achievable only considering the One Health approach, that encompasses the integration and implementation of human health, veterinary medicine and environmental status. Authors aimed to write this review to summarize to readers the three milestones of One-Health, underlying the most important topics in which veterinary medicine is mostly involved. Therefore, a short introduction about the history of AMR in veterinary medicine is provided, then more detailed aspects about the impact of AMR related to pets, food producing animals, wild animals and environment are discussed. Finally, some critical aspects about current and future issues are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Vercelli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco (Turin), Italy
- Corresponding author.
| | - Graziana Gambino
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco (Turin), Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Re
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco (Turin), Italy
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12
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Hobeika W, Gaschet M, Ploy MC, Buelow E, Sarkis DK, Dagot C. Resistome Diversity and Dissemination of WHO Priority Antibiotic Resistant Pathogens in Lebanese Estuaries. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11030306. [PMID: 35326767 PMCID: PMC8944630 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11030306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic pressure is known to be a key driver of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) dissemination in the environment. Especially in lower income countries, with poor infrastructure, the level of AMR dissemination is high. Therefore, we assessed the levels and diversity of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in Lebanese rivers at estuaries’ sites (n = 72) of the Mediterranean Sea in spring 2017 and winter 2018. Methods: A combined approach using culture techniques and high throughput qPCR were applied to identify ARB and ARGs in rivers along the Lebanese coast. Results: Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative (Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas spp.) and Gram-positive bacterial pathogens were isolated. Levels of ARGs were highest in the winter campaign and areas with high anthropogenic activities and population growth with an influx of refugees. Conclusion: Qualitative analysis of ARB and the analysis of the Lebanese estuaries’ resistome revealed critical levels of contamination with pathogenic bacteria and provided significant information about the spread of ARGs in anthropogenically impacted estuaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wadad Hobeika
- Université de Limoges, INSERM, CHU Limoges, 87085 Limoges, France; (W.H.); (M.G.); (M.-C.P.)
- Microbiology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut 17-5208, Lebanon;
| | - Margaux Gaschet
- Université de Limoges, INSERM, CHU Limoges, 87085 Limoges, France; (W.H.); (M.G.); (M.-C.P.)
| | - Marie-Cécile Ploy
- Université de Limoges, INSERM, CHU Limoges, 87085 Limoges, France; (W.H.); (M.G.); (M.-C.P.)
| | - Elena Buelow
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, TIMC, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Correspondence: (E.B.); (C.D.)
| | - Dolla Karam Sarkis
- Microbiology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut 17-5208, Lebanon;
| | - Christophe Dagot
- Université de Limoges, INSERM, CHU Limoges, 87085 Limoges, France; (W.H.); (M.G.); (M.-C.P.)
- Correspondence: (E.B.); (C.D.)
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13
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Meshcheryakova S, Shumadalova A, Beylerli O, Gareev I, Zhao S, Wu J. Innovative antimicrobial substances based on uracil S-derivatives. Drug Dev Res 2021; 83:578-585. [PMID: 34636064 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The problem of antimicrobial resistance is an important global public health challenge. We propose that a development of new antibiotic compounds around known natural substances is a solution to this problem. We investigate reengineer natural products into potent antibiotics. Uracil fragment is abundant in nature and significant to treat infectious diseases due to its affection to the replication of the bacterial chromosome. 12 new uracil S-derivatives were obtained and tested for their in vitro antimicrobial properties. N3 -(thietan-3-yl)- and N3 -(1,1-dioxothietan-3-yl)uracils derivatives were synthesized by thietanylation of 6-methyluracil with 2-chloromethylthiirane and subsequent oxidation of the thietan ring. A method of their alkylation with ethyl-2-chloroacetate was developed and acetohydrazides containing 3-(thietan-3-yl)- and 3-(1,1-dioxothietan-3-yl)uracilyls fragments in the acetyl group were obtained by hydrazinolysis of 2-(thietanyluracil-1-yl)acetic acid ethyl esters. Their interaction with β-dicarbonyl compounds, anhydride of mono- and dicarboxylic acids was studied. Antimicrobial activity was determined by the agar diffusion method on test organisms: S. aureus, E. coli, P. vulgaris, K. pneumoniae, C. diversus, E. aerogenes, P. aeruginosa, S. abosit. N-acyl-5-hydroxypyrazolines and N,N'-diacylhydrazines of 6-methyluracil thietanyl- and dioxothietanyl derivatives showed high antimicrobial activity, which is consistent with the results of structure activity relationship analysis (MIC 0.1-10 μg/ml).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alina Shumadalova
- Department of General Chemistry, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Ozal Beylerli
- Central Research Laboratory, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Ilgiz Gareev
- Central Research Laboratory, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Shiguang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianing Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Guangdong, China
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14
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Athanasakopoulou Z, Reinicke M, Diezel C, Sofia M, Chatzopoulos DC, Braun SD, Reissig A, Spyrou V, Monecke S, Ehricht R, Tsilipounidaki K, Giannakopoulos A, Petinaki E, Billinis C. Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates from Animals in Greece. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:389. [PMID: 33916633 PMCID: PMC8067336 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10040389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of multidrug resistant, extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae is increasing worldwide. The present study aimed to provide an overview of the multidrug resistance phenotype and genotype of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates of livestock and wild bird origin in Greece. Nineteen phenotypically confirmed ESBL-producing E. coli strains isolated from fecal samples of cattle (n = 7), pigs (n = 11) and a Eurasian magpie that presented resistance to at least one class of non β-lactam antibiotics, were selected and genotypically characterized. A DNA-microarray based assay was used, which allows the detection of various genes associated with antimicrobial resistance. All isolates harbored blaCTX-M-1/15, while blaTEM was co-detected in 13 of them. The AmpC gene blaMIR was additionally detected in one strain. Resistance genes were also reported for aminoglycosides in all 19 isolates, for quinolones in 6, for sulfonamides in 17, for trimethoprim in 14, and for macrolides in 8. The intI1 and/or tnpISEcp1 genes, associated with mobile genetic elements, were identified in all but two isolates. This report describes the first detection of multidrug resistance genes among ESBL-producing E. coli strains retrieved from feces of cattle, pigs, and a wild bird in Greece, underlining their dissemination in diverse ecosystems and emphasizing the need for a One-Health approach when addressing the issue of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Athanasakopoulou
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (Z.A.); (M.S.); (D.C.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Martin Reinicke
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany; (M.R.); (C.D.); (S.D.B.); (A.R.); (S.M.); (R.E.)
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Celia Diezel
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany; (M.R.); (C.D.); (S.D.B.); (A.R.); (S.M.); (R.E.)
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Marina Sofia
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (Z.A.); (M.S.); (D.C.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Dimitris C. Chatzopoulos
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (Z.A.); (M.S.); (D.C.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Sascha D. Braun
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany; (M.R.); (C.D.); (S.D.B.); (A.R.); (S.M.); (R.E.)
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Annett Reissig
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany; (M.R.); (C.D.); (S.D.B.); (A.R.); (S.M.); (R.E.)
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Vassiliki Spyrou
- Faculty of Animal Science, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Stefan Monecke
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany; (M.R.); (C.D.); (S.D.B.); (A.R.); (S.M.); (R.E.)
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institut fuer Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Medizinische Fakultaet “Carl Gustav Carus”, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ralf Ehricht
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany; (M.R.); (C.D.); (S.D.B.); (A.R.); (S.M.); (R.E.)
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07737 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Alexios Giannakopoulos
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (Z.A.); (M.S.); (D.C.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Efthymia Petinaki
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (K.T.); (E.P.)
| | - Charalambos Billinis
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (Z.A.); (M.S.); (D.C.C.); (A.G.)
- Faculty of Public and Integrated Health, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece
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15
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Jaber H, Oubihi A, Ouryemchi I, Boulamtat R, Oubayoucef A, Bourkhiss B, Ouhssine M. Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activities of Eight Plant Essential Oils from Morocco against Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Different Turkey Organs. Biochem Res Int 2021; 2021:6685800. [PMID: 33859844 PMCID: PMC8009720 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6685800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the chemical composition of eight plant essential oils and evaluate their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli strains isolated from different turkey organs. The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. All essential oil yielded high in a range between 2.2 and 3.12%. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) revealed that the major constituents of Thymus vulgaris, Ocimum basilicum, Artemisia herba-alba, and Syzygium aromaticum oils were thymol (41.39%), linalool (37.16%), camphor (63.69%), and eugenol (80.83%), respectively. Results of the E. coli sensitivity evaluated by the standard antimicrobial sensitivity method varied depending on the organ of isolation. Similarly, the essential oils antimicrobial activity determined by the disc diffusion method varied all along within the organs of isolation. T. vulgaris essential oil showed the highest effective antibacterial activity against E. coli isolated from the throat with an inhibition zone diameter value of up to 23.33 mm. However, all the essential oils showed antibacterial activity and the MIC and MBC values were in the range of 1/3000 to 1/100 (v/v) and the ratios MBC/MIC were equal to 1. In conclusion, this study showed that the essential oils could be promising alternatives to overcome E. coli multiresistance in turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassna Jaber
- Laboratory of Natural Resources and Sustainable Development, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Asmaa Oubihi
- Laboratory of Natural Resources and Sustainable Development, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Imane Ouryemchi
- Laboratory of Natural Resources and Sustainable Development, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Rachid Boulamtat
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Ali Oubayoucef
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Brahim Bourkhiss
- Laboratory of Natural Resources and Sustainable Development, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Ouhssine
- Laboratory of Natural Resources and Sustainable Development, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
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16
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Zhelyazkova M, Yordanova R, Mihaylov I, Kirov S, Tsonev S, Danko D, Mason C, Vassilev D. Origin Sample Prediction and Spatial Modeling of Antimicrobial Resistance in Metagenomic Sequencing Data. Front Genet 2021; 12:642991. [PMID: 33763122 PMCID: PMC7983949 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.642991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The steady elaboration of the Metagenomic and Metadesign of Subways and Urban Biomes (MetaSUB) international consortium project raises important new questions about the origin, variation, and antimicrobial resistance of the collected samples. CAMDA (Critical Assessment of Massive Data Analysis, http://camda.info/) forum organizes annual challenges where different bioinformatics and statistical approaches are tested on samples collected around the world for bacterial classification and prediction of geographical origin. This work proposes a method which not only predicts the locations of unknown samples, but also estimates the relative risk of antimicrobial resistance through spatial modeling. We introduce a new component in the standard analysis as we apply a Bayesian spatial convolution model which accounts for spatial structure of the data as defined by the longitude and latitude of the samples and assess the relative risk of antimicrobial resistance taxa across regions which is relevant to public health. We can then use the estimated relative risk as a new measure for antimicrobial resistance. We also compare the performance of several machine learning methods, such as Gradient Boosting Machine, Random Forest, and Neural Network to predict the geographical origin of the mystery samples. All three methods show consistent results with some superiority of Random Forest classifier. In our future work we can consider a broader class of spatial models and incorporate covariates related to the environment and climate profiles of the samples to achieve more reliable estimation of the relative risk related to antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Zhelyazkova
- Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Roumyana Yordanova
- Department of Mathematics, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Mathematics and Informatics, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Iliyan Mihaylov
- Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Stefan Kirov
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pennington, NJ, United States
| | - Stefan Tsonev
- Department of Molecular Genetics, AgroBioInstitute, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - David Danko
- Department of Computational Informatics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Dimitar Vassilev
- Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Sofia, Bulgaria
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17
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Ellero N, Freccero F, Lanci A, Morini M, Castagnetti C, Mariella J. Rhabdomyolysis and Acute Renal Failure Associated with Oxytetracycline Administration in Two Neonatal Foals Affected by Flexural Limb Deformity. Vet Sci 2020; 7:vetsci7040160. [PMID: 33105842 PMCID: PMC7711985 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7040160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxytetracycline (OTC) administration has become a frequent practice in equine neonatology for the treatment of flexural limb deformity. The cause of this condition remains unclear but clinical studies revealed that following IV administration of OTC a relaxation of the metacarpophalangeal joint occurs in foals affected by flexural deformity. Studies concluded that OTC administration in neonatal foals did not adversely affect the kidneys. Other adverse effects of OTC have never been reported. This report presents two cases with different outcomes of 3-day-old foals which presented acute collapse and progressive depression after OTC administration. The clinical aspects, the increased activity of serum enzymes indicative of muscular damage, the presence of myoglobin in urine were clear diagnostic indicators of severe rhabdomyolysis, and the gross and histological findings confirmed a myopathy associated with renal damage in one case. Adverse effects on the musculoskeletal and urinary systems in healthy foals were first reported and were probably associated with multiple doses administered to foals less than 24–48 h old and/or at dosing intervals less than 24–48 h. The risk of development of rhabdomyolysis and nephrotoxicity in neonatal foals treated with OTC for flexural deformity from now on should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Ellero
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (N.E.); (A.L.); (M.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.)
| | - Francesca Freccero
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (N.E.); (A.L.); (M.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Aliai Lanci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (N.E.); (A.L.); (M.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.)
| | - Maria Morini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (N.E.); (A.L.); (M.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.)
| | - Carolina Castagnetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (N.E.); (A.L.); (M.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.)
- Health Science and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jole Mariella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (N.E.); (A.L.); (M.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.)
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