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Lanave G, Catella C, Catalano A, Lucente MS, Pellegrini F, Fracchiolla G, Diakoudi G, Palmisani J, Trombetta CM, Martella V, Camero M. Assessing the virucidal activity of essential oils against feline calicivirus, a non-enveloped virus used as surrogate of norovirus. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30492. [PMID: 38711631 PMCID: PMC11070907 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Norovirus (NoV) causes serious gastrointestinal disease worldwide and is regarded as an important foodborne pathogen. Due the difficulties of in vitro cultivation for human NoV, alternative caliciviruses (i.e., feline calicivirus, FCV, or murine NoV) have long been used as surrogates for in vitro assessment of the efficacy of antivirals. Essential oils (EOs) are natural compounds that have displayed antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. We report in vitro the virucidal efficacy of four EOs, Melissa officinalis L. EO (MEO), Thymus vulgaris L. EO (TEO), Rosmarinus officinalis L. EO (REO), and Salvia officinalis L. EO (SEO) against FCV at different time contacts (10, 30 min, 1, 4 and 8 h). At the maximum non-cytotoxic concentration and at 10- and 100- fold concentrations over the cytotoxic threshold, the EOs did not decrease significantly FCV viral titers. However, MEO at 12,302.70 μg/mL exhibited a significant efficacy decreasing the viral titer by 0.75 log10 Tissue Culture Infectious Dose (TCID50)/50 μl after 10 min as compared to virus control. In this study, virucidal activity of four EOs against FCV, was investigated. A lack of virucidal efficacy of TEO, REO and SEO at different compound concentrations and time contacts against FCV was observed whilst MEO was able to significantly decrease FCV titer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Cristiana Catella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessia Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Stella Lucente
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Pellegrini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fracchiolla
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Georgia Diakoudi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Jolanda Palmisani
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Claudia Maria Trombetta
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Camero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
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Kim JM, Dziobaka S, Yoon YE, Lee HL, Jeong JH, Lee IR, Weidinger D, Yang C, Kim D, Gulperi Y, Lee CK, Sohn J, Song G, Hatt H, Lee SJ. OR2H2 Activates CAMKKβ-AMPK-Autophagy Signaling Axis and Suppresses Senescence in VK2/E6E7 Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1221. [PMID: 37765029 PMCID: PMC10535153 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Olfactory receptors are expressed in multiple extra-nasal tissues and these ectopic olfactory receptors mediate tissue-specific functions and regulate cellular physiology. Ectopic olfactory receptors may play key roles in tissues constantly exposed to odorants, thus the functionality of these receptors in genital tissues is of particular interest. The functionality of ectopic olfactory receptors expressed in VK2/E6E7 human vaginal epithelial cells was investigated. OR2H2 was the most highly expressed olfactory receptor expressed in VK2/E6E7 cells, and activation of OR2H2 by aldehyde 13-13, a ligand of OR2H2, increased the intracellular calcium and cAMP concentrations. Immunoblotting demonstrated that activation of OR2H2 by aldehyde 13-13 stimulated the CAMKKβ-AMPK-mTORC1-autophagy signaling axis, and that these effects were negated by OR2H2 knockdown. AMPK is known to regulate senescence; consequently, we investigated further the effect of aldehyde 13-13 on senescence. In H2O2-induced senescent cells, activation of OR2H2 by aldehyde 13-13 restored proliferation, and reduced the expression of senescence markers, P16 and P19. Additionally, aldehyde 13-13 induced apoptosis of H2O2-induced senescent cells, compared with non-senescent normal cells. In vivo, aldehyde 13-13 increased the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans and budding yeast. These findings demonstrate that OR2H2 is a functional receptor in VK2/E6E7 cells, and that activation of OR2H2 activates the AMPK-autophagy axis, and suppresses cellular aging and senescence, which may increase cellular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Min Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology for BK21 PLUS, Korea University, Seoul 02855, Republic of Korea; (J.M.K.); (Y.E.Y.); (H.L.L.); (J.H.J.); (I.-R.L.); (C.Y.); (D.K.); (Y.G.); (C.-K.L.)
| | - Sina Dziobaka
- Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany; (S.D.); (D.W.)
| | - Ye Eun Yoon
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology for BK21 PLUS, Korea University, Seoul 02855, Republic of Korea; (J.M.K.); (Y.E.Y.); (H.L.L.); (J.H.J.); (I.-R.L.); (C.Y.); (D.K.); (Y.G.); (C.-K.L.)
| | - Ha Lim Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology for BK21 PLUS, Korea University, Seoul 02855, Republic of Korea; (J.M.K.); (Y.E.Y.); (H.L.L.); (J.H.J.); (I.-R.L.); (C.Y.); (D.K.); (Y.G.); (C.-K.L.)
| | - Ji Hyun Jeong
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology for BK21 PLUS, Korea University, Seoul 02855, Republic of Korea; (J.M.K.); (Y.E.Y.); (H.L.L.); (J.H.J.); (I.-R.L.); (C.Y.); (D.K.); (Y.G.); (C.-K.L.)
| | - In-Ryeong Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology for BK21 PLUS, Korea University, Seoul 02855, Republic of Korea; (J.M.K.); (Y.E.Y.); (H.L.L.); (J.H.J.); (I.-R.L.); (C.Y.); (D.K.); (Y.G.); (C.-K.L.)
| | - Daniel Weidinger
- Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany; (S.D.); (D.W.)
| | - Changwon Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology for BK21 PLUS, Korea University, Seoul 02855, Republic of Korea; (J.M.K.); (Y.E.Y.); (H.L.L.); (J.H.J.); (I.-R.L.); (C.Y.); (D.K.); (Y.G.); (C.-K.L.)
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02855, Republic of Korea
| | - Deokho Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology for BK21 PLUS, Korea University, Seoul 02855, Republic of Korea; (J.M.K.); (Y.E.Y.); (H.L.L.); (J.H.J.); (I.-R.L.); (C.Y.); (D.K.); (Y.G.); (C.-K.L.)
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02855, Republic of Korea
| | - Yalcin Gulperi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology for BK21 PLUS, Korea University, Seoul 02855, Republic of Korea; (J.M.K.); (Y.E.Y.); (H.L.L.); (J.H.J.); (I.-R.L.); (C.Y.); (D.K.); (Y.G.); (C.-K.L.)
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02855, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Koo Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology for BK21 PLUS, Korea University, Seoul 02855, Republic of Korea; (J.M.K.); (Y.E.Y.); (H.L.L.); (J.H.J.); (I.-R.L.); (C.Y.); (D.K.); (Y.G.); (C.-K.L.)
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02855, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongwon Sohn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02842, Republic of Korea;
- Korea Institute of Molecular Medicine and Nutrition, Seoul 02842, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology for BK21 PLUS, Korea University, Seoul 02855, Republic of Korea; (J.M.K.); (Y.E.Y.); (H.L.L.); (J.H.J.); (I.-R.L.); (C.Y.); (D.K.); (Y.G.); (C.-K.L.)
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02855, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanns Hatt
- Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany; (S.D.); (D.W.)
| | - Sung-Joon Lee
- Department of Food Bioscience and Technology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02855, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul 02846, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Four Institute of Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul 02846, Republic of Korea
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Jeong JH, Lee HL, Park HJ, Yoon YE, Shin J, Jeong MY, Park SH, Kim DH, Han SW, Kang CG, Hong KJ, Lee SJ. Effects of tomato ketchup and tomato paste extract on hepatic lipid accumulation and adipogenesis. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:1111-1122. [PMID: 37215254 PMCID: PMC10195947 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01244-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tomatoes include high levels of lycopene, which is a potent antioxidative, hypolipidemic, and antidiabetic phytochemical. The intake of lycopene is associated with a reduced risk of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to investigate whether tomato ketchup and tomato paste, major dietary sources for tomato and lycopene, could regulate hepatic lipid metabolism and adipogenesis. To investigate the regulatory effects of tomato ketchup and tomato paste, we prepared a tomato ketchup extract (TKE) and a tomato paste extract (TPE) in 80% (v/v) ethyl acetate for the experiment. TKE and TPE reduced lipid accumulation and key markers for gluconeogenesis and induced a higher rate of fatty acid oxidation in HepG2 hepatocytes. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, TKE and TPE increased adipogenesis and intracellular triglyceride accumulation, and stimulated glucose uptake. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and gamma expression levels were increased by TKE and TPE treatment. A single oral dose of tomato ketchup and tomato paste (9.28 g/kg) significantly improved glucose and insulin tolerance in mice. These findings suggest that lycopene-containing tomato ketchup and tomato paste may have beneficial regulatory effects in terms of energy metabolism in hepatocytes and adipocytes, and thus may improve blood glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Jeong
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Lim Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Eun Yoon
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeeun Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Young Jeong
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Park
- Department of Food & Nutrition, College of Life Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Da-hye Kim
- R&D Center, Ottogi Corporation, Anyang-Si, 14060 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Han
- R&D Center, Ottogi Corporation, Anyang-Si, 14060 Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Gil Kang
- R&D Center, Ottogi Corporation, Anyang-Si, 14060 Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Ju Hong
- R&D Center, Ottogi Corporation, Anyang-Si, 14060 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Joon Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Bioscience & Technology, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, BK21 Four Institute of Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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da Silva VC, Elois M, Savi BP, Miotto M, De Dea Lindner J, Fongaro G, Souza DSM. Bioaccumulation Dynamic by Crassostrea gigas Oysters of Viruses That Are Proposed as Surrogates for Enteric Virus Contamination in Environmental Samples. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2023; 15:1-7. [PMID: 36287375 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-022-09538-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Oysters are filter-feeders and retain sewage-derived pathogens in their organs or tissues. Since most enteric viruses involved in outbreaks cannot grow in cell culture, studies using viral surrogate models are essential. Some species are proposed as surrogates for enteric viruses in environmental samples, including in bivalve mollusk samples, such as murine norovirus type 1 (MNV-1) and somatic (as φX) or F-specific coliphages (as MS2) bacteriophages. This study evaluated the tissue distribution of viral surrogates for enteric virus contamination after their bioaccumulation by Crassostrea gigas. Oyster tissues were analyzed for the distribution of viral surrogates (MNV-1, φX-174, and MS2) in digestive tissue (DT), gills (GL), and mantle (MT) after 4, 6, and 24 h of experimental bioaccumulation. MNV-1 had higher counts at 6 h in DT (1.2 × 103 PFU/g), followed by GL and MT (9.5 × 102 and 3.8 × 102 PFU/g, respectively). The bacteriophage φX-174 had a higher concentration in the MT at 4 and 6 h (3.0 × 102 PFU/g, in both) and MS2 in the GL after 24 h (2.2 × 102 PFU/g). The bioaccumulation pattern of MNV-1 by oysters was similar to the other enteric viruses (more in DT), while that of phages followed distinct patterns from these. Since the MNV-1 is bioaccumulated by C. gigas and is adapted to grow in cell culture, it is an important tool for bioaccumulation and viral inactivation tests in oysters. Although bacteriophage bioaccumulation was not similar to enteric viruses, they can be indicated for viral bioaccumulation analysis, analyzing MT and GL, since they do not bioaccumulate in DT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilaine Corrêa da Silva
- Applied Virology Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Mariana Elois
- Applied Virology Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Pereira Savi
- Applied Virology Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Marília Miotto
- Department of Food Science and Technology, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Gislaine Fongaro
- Applied Virology Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Doris Sobral Marques Souza
- Applied Virology Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
- Department of Food Science and Technology, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Pellegrini F, Camero M, Catella C, Fracchiolla G, Sblano S, Patruno G, Trombetta CM, Galgano M, Pratelli A, Tempesta M, Martella V, Lanave G. Virucidal Activity of Lemon Essential Oil against Feline Calicivirus Used as Surrogate for Norovirus. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020322. [PMID: 36830233 PMCID: PMC9952628 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Norovirus (NoV) is regarded as a common cause of acute gastrointestinal illness worldwide in all age groups, with substantial morbidity across health care and community settings. The lack of in vitro cell culture systems for human NoV has prompted the use of cultivatable caliciviruses (such as feline calicivirus, FCV, or murine NoV) as surrogates for in vitro evaluation of antivirals. Essential oils (EOs) may represent a valid tool to counteract viral infections, particularly as food preservatives. In the present study, the virucidal efficacy of lemon EO (LEO) against FCV was assessed in vitro. The gas chromatography hyphenated with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) technique was used to reveal the chemical composition of LEO. The following small molecules were detected as major components of LEO: limonene (53%), β-pinene (14.5%), γ-terpinene (5.9%), citral (3.8%), α-pinene (2.4%), and β-thujene (1.94%). LEO at 302.0 μg/mL, exceeding the maximum non cytotoxic limit, significantly decreased viral titre of 0.75 log10 TCID50/50 μL after 8 h. Moreover, virucidal activity was tested using LEO at 3020.00 μg/mL, determining a reduction of viral titre as high as 1.25 log10 TCID50/50 μL after 8 h of time contact. These results open up perspectives for the development of alternative prophylaxis approaches for the control of NoV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Pellegrini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Camero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Cristiana Catella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fracchiolla
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Aldo Moro of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Sabina Sblano
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Aldo Moro of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Patruno
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Michela Galgano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Annamaria Pratelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Tempesta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
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Ezzatpanah H, Gómez‐López VM, Koutchma T, Lavafpour F, Moerman F, Mohammadi M, Raheem D. New food safety challenges of viral contamination from a global perspective: Conventional, emerging, and novel methods of viral control. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:904-941. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Ezzatpanah
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | | | - Tatiana Koutchma
- Guelph Research and Development Center Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada Guelph Ontario Canada
| | | | - Frank Moerman
- Department of Chemistry Catholic University of Leuven ‐ KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | | | - Dele Raheem
- Arctic Centre (NIEM) University of Lapland Rovaniemi Finland
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Virucidal and Immunostimulating Activities of Monogalactosyl Diacylglyceride from Coccomyxa sp. KJ, a Green Microalga, against Murine Norovirus and Feline Calicivirus. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20020131. [PMID: 35200660 PMCID: PMC8877313 DOI: 10.3390/md20020131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human noroviruses are the most common pathogens causing acute gastroenteritis and may lead to more severe illnesses among immunosuppressed people, including elderly and organ transplant recipients. To date, there are no safe and effective vaccines or antiviral agents for norovirus infections. In the present study, we aimed to demonstrate the antiviral activity of monogalactosyl diacylglyceride (MGDG) isolated from a microalga, Coccomyxa sp. KJ, against murine norovirus (MNV) and feline calicivirus (FCV), the surrogates for human norovirus. MGDG showed virucidal activities against these viruses in a dose- and time-dependent manner—MGDG at 100 μg/mL reduced the infectivity of MNV and FCV to approximately 10% after 60 min incubation. In the animal experiments of MNV infection, intraoral administration of MGDG (1 mg/day) exerted a therapeutic effect by suppressing viral shedding in the feces and produced high neutralizing antibody titers in sera and feces. When MGDG was orally administered to immunocompromised mice treated with 5-fluorouracil, the compound exhibited earlier stopping of viral shedding and higher neutralizing antibody titers of sera than those in the control mice administered with distilled water. Thus, MGDG may offer a new therapeutic and prophylactic alternative against norovirus infections.
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Sarowska J, Wojnicz D, Jama-Kmiecik A, Frej-Mądrzak M, Choroszy-Król I. Antiviral Potential of Plants against Noroviruses. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154669. [PMID: 34361822 PMCID: PMC8347075 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human noroviruses, which belong to the enterovirus family, are one of the most common etiological agents of food-borne diseases. In recent years, intensive research has been carried out regarding the antiviral activity of plant metabolites that could be used for the preservation of fresh food, because they are safer for consumption when compared to synthetic chemicals. Plant preparations with proven antimicrobial activity differ in their chemical compositions, which significantly affects their biological activity. Our review aimed to present the results of research related to the characteristics, applicability, and mechanisms of the action of various plant-based preparations and metabolites against norovirus. New strategies to combat intestinal viruses are necessary, not only to ensure food safety and reduce infections in humans but also to lower the direct health costs associated with them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Sarowska
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 4, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.S.); (A.J.-K.); (M.F.-M.); (I.C.-K.)
| | - Dorota Wojnicz
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 9, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-717-841-512
| | - Agnieszka Jama-Kmiecik
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 4, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.S.); (A.J.-K.); (M.F.-M.); (I.C.-K.)
| | - Magdalena Frej-Mądrzak
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 4, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.S.); (A.J.-K.); (M.F.-M.); (I.C.-K.)
| | - Irena Choroszy-Król
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 4, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.S.); (A.J.-K.); (M.F.-M.); (I.C.-K.)
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