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Yasmin A, Sumi MJ, Akter K, Rabbi RHM, Almoallim HS, Ansari MJ, Hossain A, Imran S. Comparative analysis of nutrient composition and antioxidant activity in three dragon fruit cultivars. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17719. [PMID: 39006035 PMCID: PMC11246028 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Dragon fruit has significant economic value in many countries due to has excellent nutritional content, health advantages, and adaptability to different climates, making it an important crop in the global fruit industry. This study aimed to gather comprehensive nutritional data on three dragon fruit cultivars by analysing the levels of micronutrients, fibre, carbohydrates, antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals in their pulps. Uniform dragon fruit samples underwent thorough analysis for proximate composition, mineral content, pigments, antioxidants, and vitamin C, with statistical methods used to assess significant differences among the parameters studied. The proximate composition analysis revealed significant differences among the three dragon fruit cultivars. Among the proximate components, protein (0.40 ± 0.02 g/100 g), moisture (91.33 ± 0.88%), crude fibre (0.32 ± 0.07 g/100 g), and ash (1.27 ± 0.09 g/100 g) were more abundant in Hylocereus costaricensis than in Hylocereus undatus and Hylocereus megalanthus. On the other hand, Hylocereus undatus had higher carbohydrate (17.02 ± 0.63 g/100 g) and energy (69.74 ± 2.44 kcal/100 g) contents. K (7.23 ± 0.35 mg/100 g), Ca (1.61 ± 0.13 mg/100 g), Fe (1.84 ± 0.05 mg/100 g), and Zn (0.37 ± 0.034 mg/100 g) are highly abundant in H. costaricensis. Additionally, Hylocereus costaricensis had the highest anthocyanin content (120.15 ± 3.29 mg/g FW) and total carotenoid content (72.51 ± 1.62 mg/g FW), along with the highest vitamin C content (8.92 ± 0.13 mg/g FW) and total soluble phenolic content (572.48 ± 20.77 mg/100 g). Its remarkable antioxidant activity was further highlighted by the lowest SC50 value (13.50 ± 0.4 mg/mL) for its DPPH radical scavenging capacity. The total soluble sugar content was highest in Hylocereus megalanthus (8.72 ± 0.30 g/100 g FW). Hierarchical clustering analysis revealed distinct trait and genotype associations; among the studied cultivars, Hylocereus costaricensis demonstrated superior performance across multiple traits. Correlation analysis indicated significant positive correlations among several traits, while principal component analysis highlighted the contribution of each trait to overall variance, with PC1 explaining 73.95% of the total variance. This study highlights the nutritional variations among dragon fruit cultivars, with Hylocereus costaricensis showing superior performance, guiding dietary planning and functional food development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsana Yasmin
- Department of Horticulture, Khulna Agricultural University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Mousumi Jahan Sumi
- Department of Crop Botany, Khulna Agricultural University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Keya Akter
- Department of Crop Botany, Khulna Agricultural University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | | | - Hesham S. Almoallim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Botany, Hindu College Moradabad, Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University Bareilly, Moradabad, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Akbar Hossain
- Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
| | - Shahin Imran
- Department of Agronomy, Khulna Agricultural University, Khulna, Bangladesh
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Saud S, Xiaojuan T, Fahad S. The consequences of fermentation metabolism on the qualitative qualities and biological activity of fermented fruit and vegetable juices. Food Chem X 2024; 21:101209. [PMID: 38384684 PMCID: PMC10878862 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Fermentation of fruit and vegetable juices with probiotics is a novel nutritional approach with potential health benefits. Lactic acid fermentation-based biotransformation results in changes in the profile and nature of bioactive compounds and improves the organoleptic properties, shelf life and bioavailability of vitamins and minerals in the fermented juices. This process has been shown to enrich the phenolic profile and bioactivity components of the juices, resulting in a new type of functional food with improved health benefits. Fruits and vegetables are the ideal substrate for microbial growth, and fruit and vegetable juice will produce rich nutrients and a variety of functional activities after fermentation, so that the high-quality utilization of fruits and vegetables is realized, and the future fermented fruit and vegetable juice products have a wide application market. This paper explores the typical fermentation methods for fruit and vegetable juices, investigates the bioactive components, functional activities, and the influence of fermentation on enhancing the quality of fruit and vegetable juices. The insights derived from this study carry significant implications for guiding the development of fermented fruit and vegetable juice industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Saud
- College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong 276000, China
| | - Tang Xiaojuan
- College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong 276000, China
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Agronomy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
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Pu Y, Wang C, Jiang Y, Wang X, Ai Y, Zhuang W. Metabolic profiling and transcriptome analysis provide insights into the accumulation of flavonoids in chayote fruit during storage. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1029745. [PMID: 36937343 PMCID: PMC10019507 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1029745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chayote (Sechium edulel) fruits are rich in flavonoids, folate, and low-calorie food. However, studies about the flavonoids and the corresponding regulatory mechanism of flavonoid synthesis in chayote fruits was still unclear. In present study, an integrated transcriptome and metabolite analysis of chayote fruits at three different storage stages were conducted to explore the flavonoid compositions and gene expression associated with flavonoid synthesis. Through the UPLC-MS/MS analysis, a total of 57 flavonoid compounds were detected. Of these, 42 flavonoid glycosides were significantly differential accumulation in chayote fruits at three different storage stages. Many genes associated with flavonoid synthesis were differentially expressed in chayote fruits at three different storage stages through RNA-seq analysis, including structural genes and some TFs. There was a high correlation between RNA-seq analysis and metabolite profiling, and the expression level of candidate genes in the flavonoid synthesis pathway were consistent with the dynamic changes of flavonoids. In addition, one R2R3-MYB transcription factor, FSG0057100, was defined as the critical regulatory gene of flavonoid synthesis. Furthermore, exogenous application of phenylalanine increased the total content of flavonoids and promoted some flavonoid biosynthesis-related gene expression in chayote fruits. The above results not only make us better understand the molecular mechanism of flavonoid synthesis in chayote fruits, but also contribute to the promotion and application of chayote products.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuTing Pu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology and Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), College of Life Sciences, Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, China
| | - YongWen Jiang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Hangzhou, China
| | - XiaoJing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology and Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), College of Life Sciences, Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- *Correspondence: XiaoJing Wang,
| | - YuJie Ai
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Hangzhou, China
- YuJie Ai,
| | - WeiBing Zhuang
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Botanical Garden Memorial Sun Yat-sen, Institute of Botany, Nanjing, China
- WeiBing Zhuang,
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Shehata SA, Omar HS, Elfaidy AGS, El-Sayed SSF, Abuarab ME, Abdeldaym EA. Grafting enhances drought tolerance by regulating stress-responsive gene expression and antioxidant enzyme activities in cucumbers. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:408. [PMID: 35987604 PMCID: PMC9392319 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03791-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Water scarcity is a major limiting factor for crop yield production in arid and water-stressed areas worldwide. Cucumber plants have a high transpiration ratio and are vulnerable to drought. Grafting commercial genotypes onto selected strong rootstocks has been useful in mitigating the effects of drought. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the possibility of using a novel rootstock plant's tolerance to water-deficit stress in inducing drought tolerance in cucumbers by activating the stress-response gene expression and the antioxidant system, which improved the cucumber quality and yield under water-deficit conditions. This field experiment was conducted for > 2 years, 2020 and 2021, with five drought stress tolerant genotypes (i.e., rootstock) and drought-sensitive genotype Luerans (i.e., a scion). They were subjected to various deficit irrigation levels for 12 days, and their agro-physiological and molecular responses to water-deficit stress were assessed. The results of the study showed that the agronomical parameters, including the leaf area (LA), leaf water content (LWC), number of leaves, plant height, root dry matter shoot dry matter, rates of leaf appearance and stem elongation, and total yield significantly increased with grafted cucumber plants than with non-grafted cucumber plants (control) under normal and stressful conditions.Similar results were observed in the physiological measurements in terms of antioxidant enzymes, abscisic acid levels, gibberellic acid content, and lower lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA). Grafting of Luerans (section) on five rootstocks significantly raised the activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase and peroxidase), improved the gibberellic acid and proline accumulation, and reduced the content of lipid peroxidation and abscisic acid. Furthermore, the real-time polymerase chain reaction expression results revealed that transcript levels of the stress-response genes CsAGO1 and CsDCLs increased rapidly and continuously in five rootstock grafting. Concurrently, these findings suggest that grafting with local varieties of novel drought-tolerant rootstock genotypes could improve drought tolerance in drought-sensitive cucumber genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said A Shehata
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, PO box 12613, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanaa S Omar
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, PO box 12613, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed G S Elfaidy
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, PO box 12613, Giza, Egypt
| | - Shereen S F El-Sayed
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, PO box 12613, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Abuarab
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, PO box 12613, Giza, Egypt
| | - Emad A Abdeldaym
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, PO box 12613, Giza, Egypt.
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