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Ramírez-Mejía MM, Castillo-Castañeda SM, Pal SC, Qi X, Méndez-Sánchez N. The Multifaceted Role of Bilirubin in Liver Disease: A Literature Review. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2024; 12:939-948. [PMID: 39544246 PMCID: PMC11557368 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2024.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 10/08/2024] [Indexed: 11/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Bilirubin, the primary breakdown product of hemoproteins, particularly hemoglobin, plays a key role in the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of liver diseases. In acute liver diseases, such as acute liver failure, drug-induced liver injury, and viral hepatitis, bilirubin serves as a biomarker reflecting the extent of hepatocyte loss and liver damage. Chronic liver diseases, including alcohol-related liver disease, chronic hepatitis C virus infection, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease, and autoimmune liver diseases, are marked by persistent liver injury and inflammation. Bilirubin levels in chronic liver diseases provide insight into liver function, disease severity, and prognosis. As a versatile biomarker, bilirubin offers valuable information on the pathophysiology of liver diseases and aids in guiding clinical decision-making regarding the treatment of liver diseases and their complications. This review aimed to explore the multifunctional role of bilirubin in liver diseases by analyzing its biological functions beyond its role as a biomarker of liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana M. Ramírez-Mejía
- Plan of Combined Studies in Medicine (PECEM-MD/PhD), Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
- Liver Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Stephany M. Castillo-Castañeda
- Liver Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
- Medical, Dental and Health Sciences Master and Doctorate Program, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Shreya C. Pal
- Liver Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
- Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Xingshun Qi
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command (formerly General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area), Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Nahum Méndez-Sánchez
- Liver Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
- Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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2
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Zoroddu S, Di Lorenzo B, Paliogiannis P, Mangoni AA, Carru C, Zinellu A. The association between bilirubin concentrations and inflammatory bowel disease: Insights from a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Invest 2024; 54:e14281. [PMID: 38970234 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), poses a significant challenge to health care systems because of its chronic nature and increasing global prevalence. Effective management of IBD requires accurate diagnostic tools and biomarkers. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the relationship between bilirubin concentrations and IBD activity and outcomes. METHODS A comprehensive search of electronic databases identified 11 studies that included 2606 subjects with IBD and 3607 healthy controls. RESULTS Bilirubin concentrations were significantly lower in subjects with IBD when compared to controls (SMD = -0.96, 95% CI -1.21 to -0.70; p < .001). Although substantial heterogeneity was observed, sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the results. Publication bias was detected, but subgroup analyses did not significantly alter the results. Meta-regression showed that age was a significant factor influencing the association between bilirubin concentrations and IBD. Subgroup analyses showed a more pronounced reduction in bilirubin concentrations in subjects with CD than those with UC. CONCLUSION This study supports the potential utility of bilirubin as a biomarker in IBD, emphasizing the need for further research to validate its clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Zoroddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Biagio Di Lorenzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Panagiotis Paliogiannis
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Anatomic Pathology and Histology Unit, University Hospital (AOU) of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Arduino A Mangoni
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders Medical Centre, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ciriaco Carru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital (AOU) of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Mirhadi E, Butler AE, Kesharwani P, Sahebkar A. Utilizing stimuli-responsive nanoparticles to deliver and enhance the anti-tumor effects of bilirubin. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 77:108469. [PMID: 39427964 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 10/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/22/2024]
Abstract
Bilirubin (BR) is among the most potent endogenous antioxidants that originates from the heme catabolic pathway. Despite being considered as a dangerous and cytotoxic waste product at high concentrations, BR has potent antioxidant effects leading to the reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation, which play an important role in the development and progression of cancer. The purpose of this study is to introduce PEGylated BR nanoparticles (NPs), themselves or in combination with other anti-cancer agents. BR is effective when loaded into various nanoparticles and used in cancer therapy. Interestingly, BRNPs can be manipulated to create stimuli-responsive carriers providing a sustained and controlled, as well as on-demand, release of drug in response to internal or external factors such as reactive oxygen species, glutathione, light, enzymes, and acidic pH. This review suggests that BRNPs have the potential as tumor microenvironment-responsive delivery systems for effective targeting of various types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Mirhadi
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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4
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Chen H, Xiong P, Guo N, Liu Z. Metabolic Engineering of Escherichia coli for Production of a Bioactive Metabolite of Bilirubin. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9741. [PMID: 39273688 PMCID: PMC11396004 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Bilirubin (BR) is an important ingredient of a valuable Chinese medicine, Calculus bovis. Over recent decades, increasing evidence has confirmed that BR offers health benefits in cardiovascular health, stroke, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. However, BR is mainly produced by extraction from pig bile. In this study, we assembled an efficient pathway for BR production by metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli. First, heme oxygenase (HO1) and biliverdin reductase were co-expressed in E. coli. HPLC and LC-MS confirmed the accumulation of BR in the recombinant E. coli cells. To improve BR production, the catalytic abilities of HO1 from different species were investigated. In addition, the outermembrane-bound heme receptor (ChuA) and the enzymes involved in heme biosynthesis were overexpressed among which ChuA, 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (HemB), protoporphyrin oxidase (HemG), and ferrochelatase (HemH) were found to enhance BR accumulation in E. coli. In addition, expression of ferredoxin (Fd) was shown to contribute to efficient conversion of heme to BR in E. coli. To increase supply of NADPH, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), NAD kinase (nadK), NADP-specific glutamate dehydrogenase (gdhA), and glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase (ZWF) were overexpressed and were found to enhance BR accumulation when these proteins were expressed with a low-copy plasmid pACYCduet-1. Modular optimization of the committed genes led to a titer of 17.2 mg/L in strain M1BHG. Finally, fed-batch fermentation was performed for the strains M1BHG and M1, resulting in accumulation of 75.5 mg/L and 25.8 mg/L of BR, respectively. This is the first report on biosynthesis of BR through metabolic engineering in a heterologous host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxin Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Peng Xiong
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Ning Guo
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
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Salloom RJ, Ahmad IM, Sahtout DZ, Baine MJ, Abdalla MY. Heme Oxygenase-1 and Prostate Cancer: Function, Regulation, and Implication in Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9195. [PMID: 39273143 PMCID: PMC11394971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is a significant cause of mortality in men worldwide, hence the need for a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying its progression and resistance to treatment. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an inducible enzyme involved in heme catabolism, has emerged as a critical player in cancer biology, including PC. This review explores the multifaceted role of HO-1 in PC, encompassing its function, regulation, and implications in cancer therapy. HO-1 influences cell proliferation, anti-apoptotic pathways, angiogenesis, and the tumor microenvironment, thereby influencing tumor growth and metastasis. HO-1 has also been associated with therapy resistance, affecting response to standard treatments. Moreover, HO-1 plays a significant role in immune modulation, affecting the tumor immune microenvironment and potentially influencing therapy outcomes. Understanding the intricate balance of HO-1 in PC is vital for developing effective therapeutic strategies. This review further explores the potential of targeting HO-1 as a therapeutic approach, highlighting challenges and opportunities. Additionally, clinical implications are discussed, focusing on the prognostic value of HO-1 expression and the development of novel combined therapies to augment PC sensitivity to standard treatment strategies. Ultimately, unraveling the complexities of HO-1 in PC biology will provide critical insights into personalized treatment approaches for PC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramia J. Salloom
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (R.J.S.); (D.Z.S.)
| | - Iman M. Ahmad
- Department of Clinical, Diagnostic, and Therapeutic Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Dania Z. Sahtout
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (R.J.S.); (D.Z.S.)
| | - Michael J. Baine
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Maher Y. Abdalla
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (R.J.S.); (D.Z.S.)
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Tavakoli R, Maleki MH, Vakili O, Taghizadeh M, Zal F, Shafiee SM. Bilirubin, once a toxin but now an antioxidant alleviating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in an autophagy-dependent manner in high-fat diet-induced rats: a molecular and histopathological analysis. Res Pharm Sci 2024; 19:475-488. [PMID: 39399727 PMCID: PMC11468170 DOI: 10.4103/rps.rps_53_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose As an endogenous antioxidant, bilirubin has surprisingly been inversely correlated with the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Thereupon, the current evaluation was designed to assess the positive effects of bilirubin on the autophagy flux, as well as the other pathogenic processes and parameters involved in the expansion of NAFLD. Experimental approach Thirty adult male rats weighing 150-200 g with free access to sucrose solution (18%) were randomly subdivided into 5 groups (n = 6). Subsequently, the animals were euthanized, and their blood specimens and liver tissue samples were collected to measure serum biochemical indices, liver histopathological changes, intrahepatic triglycerides content, and tissue stereological alterations. Furthermore, the expression levels of autophagy-related genes (Atgs) were measured to assess the state of the autophagy flux. Findings/Results Fasting blood glucose, body weight, as well as liver weight, liver-specific enzyme activity, and serum lipid profile indices markedly decreased in rats that underwent a six-week bilirubin treatment compared to the control group. In addition, histopathological studies showed that hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, inflammation, and necrosis significantly decreased in the groups that received bilirubin compared to the control animals. Bilirubin also caused significant alterations in the expression levels of the Atgs, as well as the Beclin- 1 protein. Conclusion and implication Bilirubin may have potential ameliorative effects on NAFLD-associated liver damage. Moreover, the beneficial effects of bilirubin on intrahepatic lipid accumulation and steatosis were comparable with the group that did not ever receive bilirubin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Tavakoli
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasan Maleki
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Omid Vakili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Motahareh Taghizadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zal
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sayed Mohammad Shafiee
- Autophagy Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Castillo-Castañeda SM, Cordova-Gallardo J, Rivera-Espinosa L, Chavez-Pacheco JL, Ramírez-Mejía MM, Méndez-Sánchez N. Bilirubin Molecular Species Play an Important Role in the Pathophysiology of Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8181. [PMID: 39125751 PMCID: PMC11311833 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bilirubin plays a key role in early diagnosis, prognosis, and prevention of liver diseases. Unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) requires conversion to a water-soluble form through liver glucuronidation, producing monoglucuronide (BMG) or diglucuronide bilirubin (BDG) for bile excretion. This study aimed to assess the roles of bilirubin's molecular species-UCB, BMG, and BDG-in diagnosing and understanding the pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), compensated liver cirrhosis (LC) patients, and healthy individuals. The study included patients with ACLF and compensated LC of diverse etiologies, along with healthy controls. We collected laboratory and clinical data to determine the severity and assess mortality. We extracted bilirubin from serum samples to measure UCB, BMG, and BDG using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The quantification of bilirubin was performed by monitoring the mass charge (m/z) ratio. Of the 74 patients assessed, 45 had ACLF, 11 had LC, and 18 were healthy individuals. Among ACLF patients, the levels of molecular species of bilirubin were UCB 19.69 μmol/L, BMG 47.71 μmol/L, and BDG 2.120 μmol/L. For compensated cirrhosis patients, the levels were UCB 11.29 μmol/L, BMG 1.49 μmol/L, and BDG 0.055 μmol/L, and in healthy individuals, the levels were UCB 6.42 μmol/L, BMG 0.52 μmol/L, and BDG 0.028 μmol/L. The study revealed marked elevations in the bilirubin species in individuals with ACLF compared to those with compensated cirrhosis and healthy controls, underscoring the progression of liver dysfunction. The correlation of BMG and BDG levels with commonly used inflammatory markers suggests a relationship between bilirubin metabolism and systemic inflammation in ACLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephany M. Castillo-Castañeda
- Liver Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City 14050, Mexico; (S.M.C.-C.); (M.M.R.-M.)
- Medical, Dental and Health Sciences Master and Doctorate Program, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Jacqueline Cordova-Gallardo
- Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
- Hepatology, General Surgery Department, General Hospital Dr. Manuel Gea González, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Liliana Rivera-Espinosa
- Pharmacology Department, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (L.R.-E.); (J.L.C.-P.)
| | - Juan L. Chavez-Pacheco
- Pharmacology Department, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (L.R.-E.); (J.L.C.-P.)
| | - Mariana M. Ramírez-Mejía
- Liver Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City 14050, Mexico; (S.M.C.-C.); (M.M.R.-M.)
- Plan of Combined Studies in Medicine (PECEM-MD/PhD), Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Nahum Méndez-Sánchez
- Liver Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City 14050, Mexico; (S.M.C.-C.); (M.M.R.-M.)
- Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
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Wang W, Qiao J, Su Z, Wei H, Wu J, Liu Y, Lin R, Michael N. Serum metabolites and hypercholesterolemia: insights from a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1410006. [PMID: 39171325 PMCID: PMC11337230 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1410006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hypercholesterolemia, a critical contributor to cardiovascular disease, is not fully understood in terms of its relationship with serum metabolites and their role in disease pathogenesis. Methods This study leveraged GWAS data to explore the relationship between serum metabolites and hypercholesterolemia, pinpointing significant metabolites via Mendelian Randomization (MR) and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Data on metabolites were sourced from a European population, with analysis focusing on individuals diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia. Results Out of 486 metabolites analyzed, ten showed significant associations with hypercholesterolemia, categorized into those enhancing risk and those with protective effects. Specifically, 2-methoxyacetaminophen sulfate and 1-oleoylglycerol (1-monoolein) were identified as risk-enhancing, with odds ratios (OR) of 1.545 (95% CI: 1.230-1.939; P_FDR = 3E-04) and 1.462 (95% CI: 1.036-2.063; P_FDR = 0.037), respectively. On the protective side, 3-(cystein-S-yl)acetaminophen, hydroquinone sulfate, and 2-hydroxyacetaminophen sulfate demonstrated ORs of 0.793 (95% CI: 0.735-0.856; P_FDR = 6.18E-09), 0.641 (95% CI: 0.423-0.971; P_FDR = 0.042), and 0.607 (95% CI: 0.541-0.681; P_FDR = 5.39E-17), respectively. In addition, KEGG pathway enrichment analysis further revealed eight critical pathways, comprising "biosynthesis of valine, leucine, and isoleucine", "phenylalanine metabolism", and "pyruvate metabolism", emphasizing their significant role in the pathogenesis of hypercholesterolemia. Conclusion This study underscores the potential causal links between particular serum metabolites and hypercholesterolemia, offering innovative viewpoints on the metabolic basis of the disease. The identified metabolites and pathways offer promising targets for therapeutic intervention and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Wang
- The First Clinical College of Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingwen Qiao
- Graduate Department of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhaoyin Su
- The First Clinical College of Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hui Wei
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jincan Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yatao Liu
- Department of Anesthesia, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rubing Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Nerich Michael
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Maleki MH, Vakili O, Tavakoli R, Nadimi E, Noori Z, Taghizadeh M, Dehghanian A, Tayebi L, Shafiee SM. Protective and curative effects of unconjugated bilirubin on gene expression of LOX-1 and iNOS in the heart of rats receiving high-fat diet and low dose streptozotocin: a histomorphometric approach. J Inflamm (Lond) 2024; 21:26. [PMID: 38982470 PMCID: PMC11234610 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-024-00397-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the large arteries and is a major cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) globally. Increased levels of adhesion molecules in cardiac tissue serve as prognostic markers for coronary artery occlusion risk. Given the antioxidant properties of bilirubin and its inverse correlation with atherosclerosis, this study aimed to assess the beneficial effects of bilirubin on atherosclerotic indices and heart structure in high-fat diet-fed diabetic rats with atherosclerosis. METHODS Atherosclerosis was induced in three out of five groups of adult male Sprague Dawley rats through a 14-week period of high-fat diet (HFD) consumption and a single low dose of streptozotocin (STZ) (35 mg/kg). The atherosclerotic rats were then treated with intraperitoneal administration of 10 mg/kg/day bilirubin for either 6 or 14 weeks (treated and protected groups, respectively), or the vehicle. Two additional groups served as the control and bilirubin-treated rats. Subsequently, the mRNA expression levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), lectin-like LDL receptor 1 (LOX-1), and the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were analyzed using quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Histopathological and stereological analyses were performed to assess changes in the heart structure. RESULTS Bilirubin significantly decreased the expression of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, LOX-1, and iNOS genes in the treated group. Moreover, bilirubin mitigated pathological damage in the left ventricle of the heart. Stereological analysis revealed a decrease in the left ventricle and myocardium volume, accompanied by an increase in vessel volume in rats treated with bilirubin. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that mild hyperbilirubinemia can protect against the progression of atherosclerosis and heart failure by improving lipid profile, modulating adhesion molecules, LOX-1, and iNOS gene expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hasan Maleki
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Omid Vakili
- Autophagy Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ramin Tavakoli
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elham Nadimi
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Noori
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Motahareh Taghizadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amirreza Dehghanian
- Trauma Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Molecular Pathology and Cytogenetics Division, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA
| | - Sayed Mohammad Shafiee
- Autophagy Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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10
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O AA, Akhila BA, George S. Fluorescent Nitrogen-doped Carbon Dots-based Turn-off Sensor for Bilirubin. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03771-0. [PMID: 38865062 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03771-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Bilirubin (BR), a heme protein produced from breakdown of haemoglobin is present in aged red blood cells; whose abnormal concentration is associated with diseases like hyperbilirubinemia, coronary disease, iron deficiency, and so on. Herein, we have synthesized a selective, sensitive, and low-cost sensing platform using fluorescent nitrogen doped carbon dots (NCDs), prepared from precursors; citric acid and urea via a simple microwave-assisted method. The emission at 444 nm on excitation with 360 nm was well quenched in presence of BR suggesting a direct turn-off detection for BR. Characterization of developed probe was done by UV-Visible absorption studies, photoluminescence studies, SEM, TEM, ATR-FTIR, XPS, and DLS analysis. BR was detected with a Limit of Detection (LoD) and Limit of Quantification (LoQ) of 0.32 µM and 1.08 µM respectively. NCDs exhibited excellent selectivity and sensitivity towards BR in the presence of co-existing biomolecules and ions. Practical feasibility was checked by paper-strip-based sensing of BR and spiked real human samples were used for conducting real sample analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswathy A O
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581, Kerala, India
| | - B A Akhila
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581, Kerala, India
| | - Sony George
- Department of Chemistry, International Inter University Centre for Sensing and Imaging (IIUCSI), University of Kerala, Coordinator, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581, Kerala, India.
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11
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Punzo A, Silla A, Fogacci F, Perillo M, Cicero AFG, Caliceti C. Bile Acids and Bilirubin Role in Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Cardiovascular Diseases. Diseases 2024; 12:103. [PMID: 38785758 PMCID: PMC11119340 DOI: 10.3390/diseases12050103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) and bilirubin, primarily known for their role in lipid metabolism and as heme catabolite, respectively, have been found to have diverse effects on various physiological processes, including oxidative stress and inflammation. Indeed, accumulating evidence showed that the interplay between BAs and bilirubin in these processes involves intricate regulatory mechanisms mediated by specific receptors and signaling pathways under certain conditions and in specific contexts. Oxidative stress plays a significant role in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) due to its role in inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and other risk factors. In the cardiovascular (CV) system, recent studies have suggested that BAs and bilirubin have some opposite effects related to oxidative and inflammatory mechanisms, but this area of research is still under investigation. This review aims to introduce BAs and bilirubin from a biochemical and physiological point of view, emphasizing their potential protective or detrimental effects on CVDs. Moreover, clinical studies that have assessed the association between BAs/bilirubin and CVD were examined in depth to better interpret the possible link between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Punzo
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.P.); (M.P.); (C.C.)
- Biostructures and Biosystems National Institute (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Silla
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy;
| | - Federica Fogacci
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Center, Medical and Surgery Sciences Dept., Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Matteo Perillo
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.P.); (M.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Arrigo F. G. Cicero
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Center, Medical and Surgery Sciences Dept., Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, IRCCS AOU di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristiana Caliceti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.P.); (M.P.); (C.C.)
- Biostructures and Biosystems National Institute (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agrofood Research—CIRI Agrofood, University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
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Przybylski P, Żebrowski M, Witkowski W, Cybularczyk-Cecotka M, Litwinienko G. Antioxidant Activity of Bilirubin in Micellar and Liposomal Systems Is pH-Dependent. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:426. [PMID: 38671874 PMCID: PMC11047478 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bilirubin (BR), a product of heme catabolism, plays a critical role in biological systems. Although increased levels of BR result in hyperbilirubinemia or jaundice, there is increasing evidence that lower concentrations substantially decrease the risk of oxidative stress-mediated diseases due to antioxidant functions of BR. We studied the radical-trapping ability of BR in two model systems, micellar and liposomal, at a broad pH range. At pH < 6.0, BR behaves as a retardant; however, at pH ≥ 6.0, BR becomes strong radical trapping antioxidant, with rate constants for reaction with lipidperoxyl radicals (kinh) within the range from 1.2 × 104 M-1 s-1 to 3.5 × 104 M-1 s-1, and in liposomal system, the activity of BR is comparable to α-tocopherol. This transition is likely facilitated by the ionization of carboxyl groups, leading to a conformational shift in BR and improved solubility/localization at the water/lipid interface. This is the first experimental evidence of the role of pH on the antioxidant activity of bilirubin, and the observed pH-dependent radical-trapping ability of BR holds practical significance, particularly in jaundice treatment where light therapy targets the skin's weakly acidic surface. Minor adjustments toward neutral or alkaline pH can enhance radical-trapping action of BR, thereby mitigating oxidative stress induced with blue or violet light exposure.
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13
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Zhu M, He H, Yu D, Geng F, Qu M, Yang C. Prediction of prognosis in patients with ischemic stroke combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus based on serum total bilirubin levels. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37468. [PMID: 38518031 PMCID: PMC10956998 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Serum bilirubin levels may have therapeutic benefits in oxidative stress-related diseases, but their role in stroke remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum bilirubin levels on admission and clinical outcomes in ischemic stroke patients. We prospectively collected data from consecutive ischemic stroke admissions. Serum total bilirubin (TBIL) and direct bilirubin levels on admission were measured. Stroke severity at admission was assessed using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, and functional status at discharge was evaluated using the modified Rankin scale. Among 180 patients, lower TBIL levels were observed in all 3 groups, with the mild group (7.89 ± 2.12 μmol/L) having lower levels than the moderate group (8.01 ± 2.12 μmol/L) and the severe group (9.12 ± 2.12 μmol/L). Although TBIL levels were initially associated with stroke severity, this relationship did not hold after adjusting for confounding factors. Serum bilirubin levels appear to be related to stroke severity but not independently associated with outcomes in ischemic stroke patients. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms of this relationship. There is a strong correlation between serum bilirubin levels and the severity and prognosis of ischemic stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, early control of serum TBIL and direct bilirubin is crucial for the treatment and prognosis of ischemic stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsu Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Huan He
- Department of Diabetes, Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Dongdong Yu
- Department of Neurology, Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Fengjing Geng
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Mingwei Qu
- Department of Neurology, Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Chaoping Yang
- Department of Neurology, Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
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14
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Rahim A, Salhi S, El Khelfaoui N, Badaoui B, Essamadi A, El Amiri B. Effect of C-phycocyanin purified from Spirulina platensis on cooled ram semen quality and in vivo fertility. Theriogenology 2024; 215:234-240. [PMID: 38100995 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
This research sought to purify C-phycocyanin (C-PC) from Spirulina platensis and investigate its potential in enhancing the quality parameters and in vivo fertility of ram semen subjected to cooled storage at 5 °C, when using a skim milk (SM) based semen extender. The purification process of C-PC involved cold maceration, pre-purification using chitosan and activated charcoal, followed by purification through aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE) and ion-exchange chromatography. Afterward, fifty ejaculates were collected from 4 fertile Boujaâd rams and extended using the SM extender at 37 °C, enriched with 0 μg/mL (control), 1.2 μg/mL, 2.4 μg/mL, 3.6 μg/mL, or 4.8 μg/mL of C-PC. The diluted semen was subsequently cooled to 5 °C using a controlled cooling process, with a gradual cooling rate of approximately 0.5 °C per minute, and its quality parameters were evaluated after 0, 4, 8, and 24 h of cooling storage. Then, its fertilization ability after 4 h of cooling storage was evaluated using artificial insemination. The adopted purification process yielded a grade analytical purity of 4.06. Additionally, semen extended in SM with a 2.4 μg/mL C-PC supplement displayed significant (P < 0.0001) enhancement in total motility, progressive motility, curvilinear velocity, straight-line velocity, average path velocity, viability and lipid peroxidation of ram semen at 0, 4, 8, and 24 h of cooling storage. These improvements were observed in direct comparison to both the control group and the other C-PC concentrations. Regarding fertility rates, semen extended in SM with a 2.4 μg/mL C-PC recorded a 76 % rate, a notable increment from the 63 % observed in ewes inseminated by semen extended in SM alone, although the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). These findings underscore the promising potential of C-PC as a natural supplement for enhancing semen quality, warranting further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellatif Rahim
- Animal Production Unit, Regional Center Agricultural Research of Settat, National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Avenue Ennasr, P.O. Box 415 Rabat Principal, 10090, Rabat, Morocco; Hassan First University of Settat, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neurosciences, Natural Resources and Environment, P.O. Box 577, 26000, Settat, Morocco
| | - Saad Salhi
- Animal Production Unit, Regional Center Agricultural Research of Settat, National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Avenue Ennasr, P.O. Box 415 Rabat Principal, 10090, Rabat, Morocco; Hassan First University of Settat, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neurosciences, Natural Resources and Environment, P.O. Box 577, 26000, Settat, Morocco
| | - Nora El Khelfaoui
- Animal Production Unit, Regional Center Agricultural Research of Settat, National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Avenue Ennasr, P.O. Box 415 Rabat Principal, 10090, Rabat, Morocco; Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, NARILIS, UNamur, Belgium
| | - Bouabid Badaoui
- Laboratory of Biodiversity, Ecology, and Genome, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco; African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laâyoune, Morocco
| | - Abdelkhalid Essamadi
- Hassan First University of Settat, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neurosciences, Natural Resources and Environment, P.O. Box 577, 26000, Settat, Morocco
| | - Bouchra El Amiri
- Animal Production Unit, Regional Center Agricultural Research of Settat, National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Avenue Ennasr, P.O. Box 415 Rabat Principal, 10090, Rabat, Morocco; African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laâyoune, Morocco.
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15
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Sun C, Ruan Z, Zhang Y, Guo R, Li H, Wang T, Gao T, Tang Y, Song N, Hao S, Huang X, Li S, Ning F, Su Y, Lu Q, Wang Q, Cao X, Li Z, Chang T. High indirect bilirubin levels as an independent predictor of postoperative myasthenic crisis: a single-center, retrospective study. Front Neurol 2024; 14:1336823. [PMID: 38283685 PMCID: PMC10811789 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1336823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Thymectomy is an efficient and standard treatment strategy for patients with myasthenia gravis (MG), postoperative myasthenic crisis (POMC) is the major complication related to thymectomy and has a strongly life-threatening effect. As a biomarker, whether the bilirubin level is a risk factor for MG progression remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between the preoperative bilirubin level and postoperative myasthenic crisis (POMC). Methods We analyzed 375 patients with MG who underwent thymectomy at Tangdu Hospital between January 2012 and September 2021. The primary outcome measurement was POMC. The association between POMC and bilirubin level was analyzed by restricted cubic spline (RCS). Indirect bilirubin (IBIL) was divided into two subgroups based on the normal upper limit of IBIL, 14 μmol/L. Results Compared with non-POMC group, IBIL levels were significantly higher in patients with POMC. Elevated IBIL levels were closely associated with an increased risk of POMC (p for trend = 0.002). There was a dose-response curve relationship between IBIL levels and POMC incidence (p for non-linearity = 0.93). However, DBIL levels showed a U-shaped association with POMC incidence. High IBIL level (≥14 μmol/L) was an independent predictive factor for POMC [odds ratio = 3.47, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.56-7.8, p = 0.002]. The addition of high IBIL levels improved the prediction model performance (net reclassification index = 0.186, 95% CI: 0.039-0.334; integrated discrimination improvement = 0.0345, 95% CI: 0.005-0.065). Conclusion High preoperative IBIL levels, especially those exceeding the normal upper limit, could independently predict the incidence of POMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Sun
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhe Ruan
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rongjing Guo
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tantan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Gao
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yonglan Tang
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Na Song
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sijia Hao
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoxi Huang
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fan Ning
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yue Su
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiang Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiangqi Cao
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhuyi Li
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ting Chang
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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16
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Cao J, Li S, Li D, Hua W, Guo L, Xia Z. Development and Validation of Pretreatment Serum Total Bilirubin as a Biomarker to Predict the Clinical Outcomes in Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma: A Multicenter Cohort Study. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4584. [PMID: 37760555 PMCID: PMC10526312 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a predominantly aggressive neoplasm isolated to the central nervous system or vitreoretinal space. Bilirubin is an important biomarker reflecting hepatic function and oxidative stress status that is associated with the occurrence and development of various tumors. However, its prognostic role in PCNSL has yet to be evaluated. Therefore, we conducted a prospective-retrospective study to analyze the predictive value of serum total bilirubin (STB) in PCNSL patients. The association between the pretreatment STB and clinical outcomes in PCNSL was developed in the discovery cohort (retrospective [n = 44] and prospective [n = 45]) and validated in an independent retrospective cohort (n = 69). A generalized additive model, Kaplan-Meier curve, and Cox analysis were applied. In the discovery cohort, the STB showed a linear relationship with overall survival (OS, p = 0.011) and progression-free survival (PFS, p = 0.0476). The median STB level of 12.0 µmol/L was determined as the cutoff value to predict the clinical outcomes with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) values of 0.9205 and 0.8464 for OS and PFS, respectively. The median STB level resulted in similar accuracy for predicting the clinical outcomes in the validation cohort with AUROC values of 0.8857 and 0.8589 for OS and PFS, respectively. In both the discovery and validation cohorts, the Kaplan-Meier survival curve and Cox regression analysis showed that the upper median STB groups showed significantly worse OS than the lower median STB groups. In conclusion, the pretreatment STB could be considered a novel biomarker to predict the clinical outcomes in patients with PCNSL receiving high-dose methotrexate-based combination immunochemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhen Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China;
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shengjie Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; (S.L.); (W.H.)
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai 200040, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Danhui Li
- Department of Pathology, RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China;
| | - Wei Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; (S.L.); (W.H.)
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Lin Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China;
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zuguang Xia
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of lymphoma, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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17
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Shoer S, Shilo S, Godneva A, Ben-Yacov O, Rein M, Wolf BC, Lotan-Pompan M, Bar N, Weiss EI, Houri-Haddad Y, Pilpel Y, Weinberger A, Segal E. Impact of dietary interventions on pre-diabetic oral and gut microbiome, metabolites and cytokines. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5384. [PMID: 37666816 PMCID: PMC10477304 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41042-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and associated comorbidities are a global health threat on the rise. We conducted a six-month dietary intervention in pre-diabetic individuals (NCT03222791), to mitigate the hyperglycemia and enhance metabolic health. The current work explores early diabetes markers in the 200 individuals who completed the trial. We find 166 of 2,803 measured features, including oral and gut microbial species and pathways, serum metabolites and cytokines, show significant change in response to a personalized postprandial glucose-targeting diet or the standard of care Mediterranean diet. These changes include established markers of hyperglycemia as well as novel features that can now be investigated as potential therapeutic targets. Our results indicate the microbiome mediates the effect of diet on glycemic, metabolic and immune measurements, with gut microbiome compositional change explaining 12.25% of serum metabolites variance. Although the gut microbiome displays greater compositional changes compared to the oral microbiome, the oral microbiome demonstrates more changes at the genetic level, with trends dependent on environmental richness and species prevalence in the population. In conclusion, our study shows dietary interventions can affect the microbiome, cardiometabolic profile and immune response of the host, and that these factors are well associated with each other, and can be harnessed for new therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saar Shoer
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Smadar Shilo
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- The Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Anastasia Godneva
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Orly Ben-Yacov
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michal Rein
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Bat Chen Wolf
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Maya Lotan-Pompan
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noam Bar
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ervin I Weiss
- Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yael Houri-Haddad
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yitzhak Pilpel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Adina Weinberger
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eran Segal
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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18
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Kasprzak MP, Gryszczyńska B, Olasińska-Wiśniewska A, Urbanowicz T, Jawień A, Krasiński Z, Formanowicz D. Blb-NRF2-PON1 Cross-Talk in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Progression. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1568. [PMID: 37627563 PMCID: PMC10451880 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The progression of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an important issue, especially as AAA is becoming more common, and potentially life-threatening. This study aimed to understand better the mechanisms underlying AAA progression. For this purpose, we have focused on assessing the selected biomarkers whose potentially common denominator is the NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) transcription factor, that determines the selected antioxidant enzymes' activation. The study group consisted of 44 AAA male patients (71.41 ± 7.80 years aged). They were divided into three groups based on the aneurism diameter: group I (below 55 mm), group II (between 55 and 70 mm), and group III (over 70 mm). The laboratory analyses of PON1 (paraoxonase-1), NRF2, and HO-1 (heme oxygenase 1) were performed based on commercial ELISA tests; Blb (bilirubin) and hsCRP (high sensitivity C-reactive protein) were assessed during routine morphology examinations after admission to the hospital. Multiple linear regression showed that both bilirubin and NRF2 determined the PON1 concentration in the entire study group. The correlations between the examined parameters within the three studied groups suggest the capitulation of NRF2-dependent antioxidant mechanisms to pro-inflammatory processes. We showed that HO-1 and hsCRP may play a crucial role in the development of inflammation aneurism progression. Moreover, in patients with medium-sized aneurysms, antioxidant mechanisms were depressed, and inflammatory processes began to dominate, which may lead to uncontrolled growth aneurysm rupture. Our study is one of the first to indicate that the chronically activated antioxidant pathway using NRF2 may be a source of reduction stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena P. Kasprzak
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Bogna Gryszczyńska
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Olasińska-Wiśniewska
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Urbanowicz
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Jawień
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Angiology and Phlebology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Krasiński
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Angiology and Phlebology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Dorota Formanowicz
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants-National Research, Kolejowa 2, 62-064 Plewiska, Poland
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19
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Lee M, Jang M, Jo J, Yu B, Lee G, Lee J, Lee S, Jeon Y, Choi K. Hyperbilirubinemia as a Risk Factor for Mortality and Morbidity in Trauma Patients. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4203. [PMID: 37445238 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperbilirubinemia is frequently reported in trauma patients. However, few studies have investigated the effects of hyperbilirubinemia on patients' clinical trajectories. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between hyperbilirubinemia and patient outcomes following trauma. Our study included 387 patients who were admitted to the trauma bay with severe trauma between January 2017 and December 2021. We categorized patients into two groups based on their peak bilirubin levels: the low-bilirubin (LB) group, with levels below 3 mg/dL, and the high-bilirubin (HB) group, with levels above 3 mg/dL. We then compared the rates of complications and mortality between these two groups. The incidence of pneumonia (10.8% vs. 32.3%, p < 0.001), acute kidney injury (AKI) (2.8% vs. 19.2%, p < 0.001), sepsis (2.8% vs. 10.1%, p = 0.003), and wound infections (8.3% vs. 30.3%, p < 0.001) was significantly higher in the HB group. Additionally, the mortality rate was significantly higher (4.2% vs. 10.1%, p = 0.028) in the HB group. Multivariate analysis revealed that the higher the bilirubin level, the greater the risk of complications (pneumonia: odds ratio [OR] = 3.238; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.68-6.22; p < 0.001, AKI: OR = 4.718; 95% CI = 1.65-13.44; p = 0.004, sepsis: OR = 3.087; 95% CI = 1.00-9.52; p = 0.04, wound infection: OR = 3.995; 95% CI = 2.073-7.700; p < 0.001). In conclusion, hyperbilirubinemia was associated with poorer outcomes in trauma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Lee
- Department of Traumatology, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21556, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungjin Jang
- Department of Traumatology, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayun Jo
- Department of Traumatology, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21556, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungchul Yu
- Department of Traumatology, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21556, Republic of Korea
| | - Giljae Lee
- Department of Traumatology, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21556, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungnam Lee
- Department of Traumatology, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21556, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghwan Lee
- Department of Traumatology, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21556, Republic of Korea
| | - Yangbin Jeon
- Department of Traumatology, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21556, Republic of Korea
| | - Kangkook Choi
- Department of Traumatology, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21556, Republic of Korea
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20
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Wang C, Western D, Yang C, Ali M, Wang L, Gorijala P, Timsina J, Ruiz A, Pastor P, Fernandez M, Panyard D, Engelman C, Deming Y, Boada M, Cano A, García-González P, Graff-Radford N, Mori H, Lee JH, Perrin R, Sung YJ, Cruchaga C. Unique genetic architecture of CSF and brain metabolites pinpoints the novel targets for the traits of human wellness. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2923409. [PMID: 37333177 PMCID: PMC10274943 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2923409/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Brain metabolism perturbation can contribute to traits and diseases. We conducted the first large-scale CSF and brain genome-wide association studies, which identified 219 independent associations (59.8% novel) for 144 CSF metabolites and 36 independent associations (55.6% novel) for 34 brain metabolites. Most of the novel signals (97.7% and 70.0% in CSF and brain) were tissue specific. We also integrated MWAS-FUSION approaches with Mendelian Randomization and colocalization to identify causal metabolites for 27 brain and human wellness phenotypes and identified eight metabolites to be causal for eight traits (11 relationships). Low mannose level was causal to bipolar disorder and as dietary supplement it may provide therapeutic benefits. Low galactosylglycerol level was found causal to Parkinson's Disease (PD). Our study expanded the knowledge of MQTL in central nervous system, provided insights into human wellness, and successfully demonstrates the utility of combined statistical approaches to inform interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dan Western
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Lihua Wang
- Washington University School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | - Pau Pastor
- University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol
| | | | | | | | | | - Merce Boada
- Research Center and Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades-UIC, Barcelona
| | - Amanda Cano
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona. Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Spain
| | | | | | - Hiroshi Mori
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Faculty of medicine
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21
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Croce AC, Ferrigno A, Palladini G, Mannucci B, Vairetti M, Di Pasqua LG. Fatty Acids and Bilirubin as Intrinsic Autofluorescence Serum Biomarkers of Drug Action in a Rat Model of Liver Ischemia and Reperfusion. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093818. [PMID: 37175228 PMCID: PMC10180479 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The autofluorescence of specific fatty acids, retinoids, and bilirubin in crude serum can reflect changes in liver functional engagement in maintaining systemic metabolic homeostasis. The role of these fluorophores as intrinsic biomarkers of pharmacological actions has been investigated here in rats administered with obeticholic acid (OCA), a Farnesoid-X Receptor (FXR) agonist, proven to counteract the increase of serum bilirubin in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Fluorescence spectroscopy has been applied to an assay serum collected from rats submitted to liver I/R (60/60 min ± OCA administration). The I/R group showed changes in the amplitude and profiles of emission spectra excited at 310 or 366 nm, indicating remarkable alterations in the retinoid and fluorescing fatty acid balance, with a particular increase in arachidonic acid. The I/R group also showed an increase in bilirubin AF, detected in the excitation spectra recorded at 570 nm. OCA greatly reversed the effects observed in the I/R group, confirmed by the biochemical analysis of bilirubin and fatty acids. These results are consistent with a relationship between OCA anti-inflammatory effects and the acknowledged roles of fatty acids as precursors of signaling agents mediating damaging responses to harmful stimuli, supporting serum autofluorescence analysis as a possible direct, real-time, cost-effective tool for pharmacological investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Croce
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Biology & Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Ferrigno
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Palladini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Internal Medicine, Fondazione, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Mariapia Vairetti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura G Di Pasqua
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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22
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Hamann B, Klimova A, Klotz F, Frank F, Jänichen C, Kapalla M, Sabarstinski P, Wolk S, Morawietz H, Poitz DM, Hofmann A, Reeps C. Regulation of CD163 Receptor in Patients with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm and Associations with Antioxidant Enzymes HO-1 and NQO1. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040947. [PMID: 37107322 PMCID: PMC10135987 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Red blood cells are found within the abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), in the intraluminal thrombus (ILT), and in neovessels. Hemolysis promotes aortic degeneration, e.g., by heme-induced reactive oxygen species formation. To reduce its toxicity, hemoglobin is endocytosed by the CD163 receptor and heme is degraded by heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). A soluble form (sCD163) is discussed as an inflammatory biomarker representing the activation of monocytes and macrophages. HO-1 and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) are antioxidant genes that are induced by the Nrf2 transcription factor, but their regulation in AAA is only poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to analyze linkages between CD163, Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1 and to clarify if plasma sCD163 has diagnostic and risk stratification potential. Soluble CD163 was 1.3-fold (p = 0.015) higher in AAA compared to patients without arterial disease. The difference remained significant after adjusting for age and sex. sCD163 correlated with the thickness of the ILT (rs = 0.26; p = 0.02) but not with the AAA diameter or volume. A high aneurysmal CD163 mRNA was connected to increases in NQO1, HMOX1, and Nrf2 mRNA. Further studies are needed to analyze the modulation of the CD163/HO-1/NQO1 pathway with the overall goal of minimizing the detrimental effects of hemolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Hamann
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna Klimova
- Core Unit Data Management and Analytics, National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden (NCT/UCC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Felicia Klotz
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Frieda Frank
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Jänichen
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marvin Kapalla
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Pamela Sabarstinski
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Steffen Wolk
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Henning Morawietz
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - David M Poitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Hofmann
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Reeps
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
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23
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Maleki MH, Nadimi E, Vakili O, Tavakoli R, Taghizadeh M, Dehghanian A, Bordbar H, Shafiee SM. Bilirubin improves renal function by reversing the endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation in the kidneys of type 2 diabetic rats fed high-fat diet. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 378:110490. [PMID: 37054934 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), as a chronic diabetes-induced complication, is considered the most frequent leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Regarding the observed protective effects of bilirubin, as a potential endogenous antioxidant/anti-inflammatory compound, against DKD progression, we planned to evaluate the effects of bilirubin administration on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inflammation in type 2 diabetic (T2D) rats fed high-fat diet (HFD). In this regard, thirty 8-week adult male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups (n = 6). T2D and obesity were induced by streptozotocin (STZ) (35 mg/kg) and HFD (700 kcal/day), respectively. Bilirubin treatment was carried out for 6- and 14-week intervals (10 mg/kg/day), intraperitoneally. Then, the expression levels of ER stress-related genes (i.e. binding immunoglobulin protein (Bip), C/EBP homologous protein (Chop), and spliced x-box-binding protein 1 (sXbp1), as well as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were analyzed using quantitative Real-time PCR experiments. Moreover, histopathological and stereological changes of kidney and its related structures were investigated for the studied rats. Bip, Chop, and NF-κB expression levels were significantly decreased under bilirubin treatment, while sXbp1 was up-regulated following the bilirubin administration. More interestingly, glomerular constructive damages seen in HFD-T2D rats, were considerably improved in the animals received bilirubin. Stereological assessments also revealed that bilirubin could desirably reverse the mitigation of kidney's total volume and its related structures, such as cortex, glomeruli, and convoluted tubules. Taken together, bilirubin has potential protective/ameliorative effects on DKD progression, especially through alleviating the renal ER stress and inflammatory responses in T2D rats with injured kidneys. In this era, clinical benefits of mild hyperbilirubinemia can be considered in human DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hassan Maleki
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Elham Nadimi
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Omid Vakili
- Autophagy Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Ramin Tavakoli
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Motahareh Taghizadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Amirreza Dehghanian
- Trauma Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Molecular Pathology and Cytogenetics Division, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Hossein Bordbar
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Sayed Mohammad Shafiee
- Autophagy Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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24
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Alouffi S. Serum bilirubin levels are negatively associated with atherogenic lipids in Saudi subjects with type 2 diabetes: A pilot study. ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.29333/ejgm/12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
<b>Background: </b>Recent research has demonstrated the possible relevance of bilirubin in metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Lipid abnormalities are a major problem that is related with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in diabetics. This study examined the relationship between serum bilirubin and direct bilirubin concentrations and atherogenic lipids in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).<br />
<b>Methods</b>: This cross-sectional included 67 patients with type 2 diabetes and 39 matched healthy control. The lipid profile, including total cholesterol, HDL-C, and TG levels, fasting blood glucose, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, ALT, AST, and ALP were measured using a dimension EXL clinical chemistry analyzer (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics). Cholesterol in VLDL, LDL, and sdLDL were calculated from standard lipid assay results by the equations of Sampson et al.<br />
<b>Results</b>: Serum bilirubin was lower in non T2DM subjects nearly significant (p=0.0.51) whereas direct bilirubin concentrations were lower in T2DM (p=0.008). ALT, AST, and ALP levels were higher in T2DM groups. The mean values of LDL-C, sdLDL-C, non HDL-C and VLDL-C were significantly increased in T2DM group and lower HDL-C. An inverse relationship could be observed with increase in serum total bilirubin and serum levels of LDL-C (r<sup>2</sup>=0.139, p<0.005), sdLDL-C (r<sup>2</sup>=0.137, p<0.005), VLDL-C (r<sup>2</sup>=0.074, p<0.044), and non HDL-C (r<sup>2</sup>=0.166, p<0.002) in T2DM group. The same inverse relationship was observed with serum direct bilirubin and serum levels of LDL-C (r<sup>2</sup>=0.133, p<0.006), sdLDL-C (r<sup>2</sup>=0.172, p<0.001), VLDL-C (r<sup>2</sup>=0.118, p<0.01), and non HDL-C (r<sup>2</sup>=0.182, p<0.001) in T2DM group.<br />
<b>Conclusions</b>: A significant negative association was found between serum bilirubin levels and direct serum bilirubin with atherogenic lipids, suggesting that serum bilirubin may protect T2DM patients from development of cardiovascular disease. These findings indicate the need for additional research in a large cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Alouffi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, SAUDI ARABIA
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25
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Athanerey A, Verma NR, Bhargava P, Amle D, Patra PK, Kumar A. Biochemical aspects of effects of mesenchymal stem cell treatment in chronic wounds progressive healing. Cell Tissue Bank 2023; 24:211-220. [PMID: 35849224 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-022-10026-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Chronic wounds are a persistent burden for medical professionals. Despite developments and advancements in treatment, these wounds do not heal completely. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the epicenter of regenerative medicine that have shown promising results in chronic wound regeneration. Autologous peripheral blood-derived MSCs (PB-MSCs) are comparatively new in wound healing treatment, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs), and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are commonly being practiced. In the present study, PB-MSCs treatment was given to chronic wound patients. Various biochemical parameters like random blood glucose, serum urea, serum creatinine, bilirubin (total and direct), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), total protein, albumin levels, and association of other factors/conditions such as age, sex, addiction of drug/alcohol were also evaluated/compared with complete and without complete healing. The wound area of the ulcer was found to be significantly reduced and the wound was healthier after the treatment. These biochemical parameters could be certainly utilized as biomarkers to anticipate the risk of chronic wounds. These findings may contribute to the development of better wound care treatment strategies and drug discovery in the field of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Athanerey
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Raipur, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Neha Rani Verma
- Department of Biochemistry, Pt JNM Medical College Raipur, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Piyush Bhargava
- Department of Biochemistry, Pt JNM Medical College Raipur, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Dnyanesh Amle
- Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS Nagpur, Sumthana, Maharastra, India
| | - P K Patra
- Department of Biochemistry, Pt JNM Medical College Raipur, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.
| | - Awanish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Raipur, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.
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26
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Nocentini A, Bonardi A, Pratesi S, Gratteri P, Dani C, Supuran CT. Pharmaceutical strategies for preventing toxicity and promoting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions of bilirubin. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:487-501. [PMID: 34986721 PMCID: PMC8741241 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.2020773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bilirubin (BR) is the final product of haem catabolism. Disruptions along BR metabolic/transport pathways resulting from inherited disorders can increase plasma BR concentration (hyperbilirubinaemia). Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia may induce BR accumulation in brain, potentially causing irreversible neurological damage, a condition known as BR encephalopathy or kernicterus, to which newborns are especially vulnerable. Numerous pharmaceutical strategies, mostly based on hemoperfusion, have been proposed over the last decades to identify new valid, low-risk alternatives for BR removal from plasma. On the other hand, accumulating evidence indicates that BR produces health benefits due to its potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory action with a significant potential for the treatment of a multitude of diseases. The present manuscript reviews both such aspects of BR pharmacology, gathering literature data on applied pharmaceutical strategies adopted to: (i) reduce the plasma BR concentration for preventing neurotoxicity; (ii) produce a therapeutic effect based on BR efficacy in the treatment of many disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Nocentini
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bonardi
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Simone Pratesi
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Careggi University, Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Gratteri
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Laboratory of Molecular Modelling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Carlo Dani
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Careggi University, Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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27
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Jayanti S, Moretti R, Tiribelli C, Gazzin S. Bilirubin Prevents the TH + Dopaminergic Neuron Loss in a Parkinson's Disease Model by Acting on TNF-α. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214276. [PMID: 36430754 PMCID: PMC9693357 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), the fastest-growing movement disorder, is still challenged by the unavailability of disease-modifying therapy. Mildly elevated levels of unconjugated bilirubin (UCB, PubChem CID 5280352) have been shown to be protective against several extra-CNS diseases, and the effect is attributed to its well-known anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory capability. We explored the neuroprotective effect of low concentrations of UCB (from 0.5 to 4 µM) in our PD model based on organotypic brain cultures of substantia nigra (OBCs-SN) challenged with a low dose of rotenone (Rot). UCB at 0.5 and 1 µM fully protects against the loss of TH+ (dopaminergic) neurons (DOPAn). The alteration in oxidative stress is involved in TH+ positive neuron demise induced by Rot, but is not the key player in UCB-conferred protection. On the contrary, inflammation, specifically tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), was found to be the key to UCB protection against DOPAn sufferance. Further work will be needed to introduce the use of UCB into clinical settings, but determining that TNF-α plays a key role in PD may be crucial in designing therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Jayanti
- The Liver-Brain Unit “Rita-Moretti”, Fondazione Italiana Fegato-Onlus, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, ss14, Km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
- Molecular Biomedicine Ph.D. Program, Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Rita Moretti
- Neurology Clinic, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34139 Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudio Tiribelli
- The Liver-Brain Unit “Rita-Moretti”, Fondazione Italiana Fegato-Onlus, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, ss14, Km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-040-375-7840
| | - Silvia Gazzin
- The Liver-Brain Unit “Rita-Moretti”, Fondazione Italiana Fegato-Onlus, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, ss14, Km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
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28
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Zheng Z, Chang Z, Chen Y, Li J, Huang T, Huang Y, Fan Z, Gao J. Total bilirubin is associated with all-cause mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a retrospective study. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:1160. [PMID: 36467346 PMCID: PMC9708468 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-1737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening disease for which biomarkers to predict mortality are needed. Total bilirubin (TBIL), an end-product of hemoglobin catabolism in mammals reflecting liver dysfunction, has been demonstrated as an independent risk indicator for critically ill patients. This study aimed to examine whether TBIL on intensive care unit (ICU) admission is associated with ARDS mortality. Methods We analyzed the data of patients diagnosed with ARDS according to the Berlin definition from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database. The primary endpoint was 30-day ICU mortality after admission to the ICU, and the second endpoint was in-hospital mortality. Multivariable logistic analysis adjusted for potential confounders was used to determine the association between TBIL and short-term mortality. Results Of 1,539 ARDS patients enrolled, 261 patients died within 30 days of admission to the ICU. In the multivariable logistic analysis, each 1 g/dL increase in TBIL levels led to a 4% increase in the odds of 30-day ICU mortality [adjusted odds ratio (OR) =0.04; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.01 to 0.08] and a 4% increase in the odds of in-hospital mortality (adjusted OR =0.04; 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.07). Furthermore, TBIL levels ≥2 mg/dL were significantly associated with 30-day ICU mortality (adjusted OR =1.51, 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.07) and in-hospital mortality (OR =1.41; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.87). Similarly, associations between serum TBIL levels and 30-day ICU mortality were found in all subgroups stratified by comorbidities, the severity of ARDS, and other variables. Conclusions A higher serum TBIL on ICU admission was independently associated with mortality in ARDS patients. Intensive care and observation should be provided to ARDS patients with increased TBIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhoude Zheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen’ge Chang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Civil Aviation General Hospital, Beijing, China;,Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxiong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yilin Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongjie Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinming Gao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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The Status of Oxidative Stress in Patients with Alcohol Dependence: A Meta-Analysis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101919. [PMID: 36290642 PMCID: PMC9598131 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-induced oxidative stress (OS) plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of alcohol dependence (AD). This meta-analysis was aimed at investigating the changes in the levels of OS biomarkers in AD patients. We included relevant literature published before 1 April 2022, from the PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO databases following PRISMA guidelines. Finally, 15 eligible articles were enrolled in this meta-analysis, including 860 patients and 849 controls. Compared with healthy controls, AD patients had lower activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzymes, and lower levels of albumin, while levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), vitamin B12, homocysteine, and bilirubin were significantly increased in serum/plasma samples of AD subjects (all p < 0.05). In male patients, the activities of SOD and GPx were increased in serum/plasma but decreased in erythrocytes (all p < 0.05). The opposite trends in the level of SOD and GPx activities in serum/plasma and erythrocytes of male patients could be used as the biomarker of alcohol-induced OS injury, and the synergistic changes of MDA, vitamin B12, albumin, bilirubin, and homocysteine levels should also be considered.
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Shahrokhi SZ, Tehrani FSK, Salami S. Molecular mechanisms of bilirubin induced G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human breast cancer cell lines: involvement of the intrinsic pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10421-10429. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07757-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Bilirubin 2022: The Past, the Present and the Future. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091632. [PMID: 36139706 PMCID: PMC9495766 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present Special Issue (SI) addresses the double-faced Janus behavior of bilirubin [...]
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32
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Miazek K, Beton K, Śliwińska A, Brożek-Płuska B. The Effect of β-Carotene, Tocopherols and Ascorbic Acid as Anti-Oxidant Molecules on Human and Animal In Vitro/In Vivo Studies: A Review of Research Design and Analytical Techniques Used. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081087. [PMID: 36008981 PMCID: PMC9406122 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged elevated oxidative stress (OS) possesses negative effect on cell structure and functioning, and is associated with the development of numerous disorders. Naturally occurred anti-oxidant compounds reduce the oxidative stress in living organisms. In this review, antioxidant properties of β-carotene, tocopherols and ascorbic acid are presented based on in vitro, in vivo and populational studies. Firstly, environmental factors contributing to the OS occurrence and intracellular sources of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation, as well as ROS-mediated cellular structure degradation, are introduced. Secondly, enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanism of anti-oxidant defence against OS development, is presented. Furthermore, ROS-preventing mechanisms and effectiveness of β-carotene, tocopherols and ascorbic acid as anti-oxidants are summarized, based on studies where different ROS-generating (oxidizing) agents are used. Oxidative stress biomarkers, as indicators on OS level and prevention by anti-oxidant supplementation, are presented with a focus on the methods (spectrophotometric, fluorometric, chromatographic, immuno-enzymatic) of their detection. Finally, the application of Raman spectroscopy and imaging as a tool for monitoring the effect of anti-oxidant (β-carotene, ascorbic acid) on cell structure and metabolism, is proposed. Literature data gathered suggest that β-carotene, tocopherols and ascorbic acid possess potential to mitigate oxidative stress in various biological systems. Moreover, Raman spectroscopy and imaging can be a valuable technique to study the effect of oxidative stress and anti-oxidant molecules in cell studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystian Miazek
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Karolina Beton
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Śliwińska
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Brożek-Płuska
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland
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Nowak R, Rój K, Ciechanowicz A, Lewandowska K, Kostrzewa-Nowak D. Capillary Blood Recovery Variables in Young Swimmers: An Observational Case Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148580. [PMID: 35886433 PMCID: PMC9318784 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sport diagnostics is still in pursuit of the optimal combination of biochemical and hematological markers to assess training loads and the effectiveness of recovery. The biochemical and hematological markers selected for a panel should be specific to the sport and training program. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of selected biochemical and hematological variables in professional long-distance and sprint swimming. Twenty-seven participants aged 15–18 years took part in the study. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities and creatinine (Cr), C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, total bilirubin (TB), direct bilirubin (DB) and iron concentrations were measured for 10 weeks and compared with the traditional sport diagnostic markers of creatine kinase (CK) activity and urea (U) concentration. Additionally, capillary blood morphology was analyzed. An effective panel should consist of measurements of CK and AST activities and urea, TB, DB and ferritin concentrations. These markers provide a good overview of athletes’ post-training effort changes, can help assess the effectiveness of their recovery regardless of sex or competitive distance and are affordable. Moreover, changes in ferritin concentration can indicate inflammation status and, when combined with iron concentration and blood morphology, can help to avoid iron deficiencies, anemia and adverse inflammatory states in swimmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Nowak
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, University of Szczecin, 17C Narutowicza Str., 70-240 Szczecin, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Konrad Rój
- Student of ”Sports Diagnostics”, Faculty of Physical Education and Health, University of Szczecin, 40b Piastów Al., 70-240 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Ciechanowicz
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72 Powstańców Wlkp. Al., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (A.C.); (K.L.)
| | - Klaudyna Lewandowska
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72 Powstańców Wlkp. Al., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (A.C.); (K.L.)
| | - Dorota Kostrzewa-Nowak
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, University of Szczecin, 17C Narutowicza Str., 70-240 Szczecin, Poland;
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72 Powstańców Wlkp. Al., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (A.C.); (K.L.)
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Yoon HS, Shu XO, Shidal C, Wu J, Blot WJ, Zheng W, Cai Q. Associations of Pre-Diagnostic Serum Levels of Total Bilirubin and Albumin With Lung Cancer Risk: Results From the Southern Community Cohort Study. Front Oncol 2022; 12:895479. [PMID: 35814479 PMCID: PMC9261263 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.895479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies conducted among European and Asian decedents reported inverse associations of serum total bilirubin and albumin with lung cancer risk. Yet, no study has been conducted among African Americans or low-income European Americans. Methods This study included 522 incident lung cancer cases and 979 matched controls nested in the Southern Community Cohort Study, a cohort of predominantly low-income African and European Americans. Serum levels of total bilirubin and albumin, collected up to 11 years prior to case diagnoses, were measured by a clinical chemistry analyzer. Conditional logistic regression models were applied to evaluate the associations of total bilirubin and albumin with lung cancer risk. Results Overall, serum levels of total bilirubin (ORT3 vs. T1 = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.66-1.39) were not significantly associated with lung cancer risk. However, higher levels of serum total bilirubin were significantly associated with decreased risk of lung cancer among participants who were diagnosed within two years following sample collection (ORT3 vs. T1 = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.15-0.87) and among former/never smokers (ORT3 vs. T1 = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.32-0.93). Serum levels of albumin were significantly associated with decreased risk of lung cancer overall (ORT3 vs. T1 = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.50-0.98) and among African Americans (ORT3 vs. T1 = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.41-0.96), but not among European Americans. Conclusion Our results indicate that in a low-income African American and European American population, serum levels of total bilirubin may be related to lung cancer progression and differ by smoking status. Meanwhile, the association of serum albumin levels with lung cancer risk may differ by race. Further studies are warranted to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
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Brasil FB, de Almeida FJS, Luckachaki MD, Dall'Oglio EL, de Oliveira MR. A Pretreatment with Isoorientin Attenuates Redox Disruption, Mitochondrial Impairment, and Inflammation Caused by Chlorpyrifos in a Dopaminergic Cell Line: Involvement of the Nrf2/HO-1 Axis. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:1043-1056. [PMID: 35583593 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00517-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The C-glucosyl flavone isoorientin (ISO) is obtained by humans from the diet and exhibits several cytoprotective effects, as demonstrated in different experimental models. However, it was not previously shown whether ISO would be able to prevent mitochondrial impairment in cells exposed to a chemical stressor. Thus, we treated the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells with ISO (0.5-20 µM) for 18 h before a challenge with chlorpyrifos (CPF) at 100 µM for additional 24 h. We observed that ISO prevented the CPF-induced lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation and nitration in the membranes of mitochondria extracted from CPF-treated cells. ISO also attenuated the CPF-elicited increase in the production of reactive species in this experimental model. Moreover, ISO prevented the CPF-induced disruption in the activity of components of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system in the SH-SY5Y cells. ISO also promoted an anti-inflammatory action in the cells exposed to CPF. CPF caused a decrease in the activity of the enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a cytoprotective agent. On the other hand, ISO upregulated HO-1 activity in SH-SY5Y cells. Inhibition of HO-1 by zinc protoporphyrin-IX (ZnPP-IX) suppressed the cytoprotection induced by ISO in the CPF-treated cells. Besides, silencing of the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) abolished the ISO-induced HO-1 upregulation and mitochondrial benefits induced by this flavone on the CPF-challenged cells. Thus, ISO protected mitochondria of the CPF-treated cells by an Nrf2/HO-1-dependent fashion in the SH-SY5Y cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Bittencourt Brasil
- Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Campus Universitário de Rio das Ostras - Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fhelipe Jolner Souza de Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, Brazil.,Grupo de Estudos Em Neuroquímica E Neurobiologia de Moléculas Bioativas, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, CEP 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Matheus Dargesso Luckachaki
- Grupo de Estudos Em Neuroquímica E Neurobiologia de Moléculas Bioativas, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, CEP 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Evandro Luiz Dall'Oglio
- Grupo de Estudos Em Neuroquímica E Neurobiologia de Moléculas Bioativas, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, CEP 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Marcos Roberto de Oliveira
- Grupo de Estudos Em Neuroquímica E Neurobiologia de Moléculas Bioativas, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, CEP 78060-900, Brazil.
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Oskay T, Keskin C, Özen M. Antioxidant and inflammatory biomarkers in Herpes Zoster. J Med Virol 2022; 94:3924-3929. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Oskay
- ¹Dermatology DepartmentBayındır Health GroupAnkaraTurkey
| | - Cem Keskin
- ²Internal Medicine DepartmentBayındır Health GroupAnkaraTurkey
| | - Mehmet Özen
- ³Hematology DepartmentBayındır Health GroupAnkaraTurkey
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