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Zhang X, Geng A, Cao D, Dugarjaviin M. Identification of mulberry leaf flavonoids and evaluating their protective effects on H 2O 2-induced oxidative damage in equine skeletal muscle satellite cells. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1353387. [PMID: 38650596 PMCID: PMC11033687 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1353387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Horses are susceptible to oxidative stress during strenuous endurance exercise, leading to muscle fatigue and damage. Mulberry leaf flavonoids (MLFs) possess significant antioxidant properties. However, the antioxidant efficacy of MLFs can be influenced by the extraction process, and their impact on H2O2-induced oxidative stress in equine skeletal muscle satellite cells (ESMCs) remains unexplored. Methods: Our study employed three extraction methods to obtain MLFs: ultrasound-assisted extraction (CEP), purification with AB-8 macroporous resin (RP), and n-butanol extraction (NB-EP). We assessed the protective effects of these MLFs on H2O2-induced oxidative stress in ESMCs and analyzed the MLF components using metabolomics. Results: The results revealed that pre-treatment with MLFs dose-dependently protected ESMCs against H2O2-induced oxidative stress. The most effective concentrations were 0.8 mg/mL of CEP, 0.6 mg/mL of RP, and 0.6 mg/mL of NB-EP, significantly enhancing EMSC viability (p < 0.05). These optimized MLF concentrations promoted the GSH-Px, SOD and T-AOC activities (p < 0.05), while reducing MDA production (p < 0.05) in H2O2-induced ESMCs. Furthermore, these MLFs enhanced the gene expression, including Nrf2 and its downstream regulatory genes (TrxR1, GPX1, GPX3, SOD1, and SOD2) (p < 0.05). In terms of mitochondrial function, ESMCs pre-treated with MLFs exhibited higher basal respiration, spare respiratory capacity, maximal respiration, ATP-linked respiration compared to H2O2-induced ESMCs (p < 0.05). Additionally, MLFs enhanced cellular basal glycolysis, glycolytic reserve, and maximal glycolytic capacity (p < 0.05). Metabolomics analysis results revealed significant differences in mulberrin, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside [X-Mal], neohesperidin, dihydrokaempferol, and isobavachalcone among the three extraction processes (p < 0.05). Discussion: Our study revealed that MLFs enhance antioxidant enzyme activity, alleviate oxidative damage in ESMCs through the activation of the Nrf2 pathway, and improve mitochondrial respiration and cell energy metabolism. Additionally, we identified five potential antioxidant flavonoid compounds, suggesting their potential incorporation into the equine diet as a strategy to alleviate exercise-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Manglai Dugarjaviin
- lnner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Science Research and Technology Innovation, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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Shen Z, Yin L, Chang M, Wang H, Hao M, Liang Y, Guo R, Bi Y, Wang J, Yu C, Li J, Zhai Q, Cheng R, Zhang J, Sun J, Yang Z. Medicarpin suppresses lung cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo by inducing cell apoptosis. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2024; 74:149-164. [PMID: 38554387 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2024-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Surgery, chemoradiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy are considered dominant treatment strategies for LC in the clinic. However, drug resistance and meta-stasis are two major challenges in cancer therapies. Medicarpin (MED) is an isoflavone compound isolated from alfalfa, which is usually used in traditional medicine. This study was de sig ned to evaluate the anti-LC effect and reveal the underlying mechanisms of MED in vivo and in vitro. We found that MED could significantly inhibit proliferation, induce apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest of A549 and H157 cell lines. Basically, MED induced cell apoptosis of LC cells by upregu lating the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins BAX and Bak1, leading to the cleavage of caspase-3 (Casp3). Moreover, MED inhibited the proliferation of LC cells via downregulating the expression of proliferative protein Bid. Overall, MED inhibited LC cell growth in vitro and in vivo via suppressing cell proliferation and inducing cell apoptosis, suggesting the therapeutic potential of MED in treating LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyi Shen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Liqi Yin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Manxia Chang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, China
| | - Mingxuan Hao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Youfeng Liang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Rui Guo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ying Bi
- College of Life Science and Technology, Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jiansong Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, China
| | - Changyuan Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jinmei Li
- Department of Pathology, Baoding No. 1 Central Hospital, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Early Diagnosis of Tumor in Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Qiongli Zhai
- Department of Pathology, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Runfen Cheng
- Department of Pathology, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Jinku Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Baoding No. 1 Central Hospital, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Early Diagnosis of Tumor in Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Jirui Sun
- Department of Pathology, Baoding No. 1 Central Hospital, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Early Diagnosis of Tumor in Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Tarim University, Alar 843300 Xinjiang, China
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Ying L, Hao M, Zhang Z, Guo R, Liang Y, Yu C, Yang Z. Medicarpin suppresses proliferation and triggeres apoptosis by upregulation of BID, BAX, CASP3, CASP8, and CYCS in glioblastoma. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:1097-1109. [PMID: 37515387 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant brain tumor and incurable. Medicarpin (MED), a flavonoid compound from the legume family, has multiple targets and anticancer properties. However, the role of MED in GBM remains unclear. The objective of this study was to explore the effects of MED on the apoptosis of GBM and to explain the potential molecular mechanisms. We found that the IC50 values of U251 and U-87 MG cells treated with MED for 24 h were 271 μg/mL and 175 μg/mL, and the IC50 values for 48 h were 154 μg/mL and 161 μg/mL, respectively. Additionally, the cell cycle of U251 and U-87 MG cells were arrested at the G2/M phase. Furthermore, the apoptosis rate of U251 and U-87 MG cells increased from 6.26% to 18.36% and 12.46% to 31.33% for 48 h, respectively. The migration rate of U251 and U-87 MG decreased from 20% to 5% and 25% to 15% for 12 h and these of U251 and U-87 MG decreased from 50% to 28% and 60% to 25% for 24 h. MED suppressed GBM tumorigenesis, and improved survival rate of tumor-bearing mice. Taken together, MED triggered GBM apoptosis through upregulation of pro-apoptotic proteins (BID, BAX, CASP3, CASP8, and CYCS), showed strong inhibitory effects on cell proliferation and cell migration, and displayed anti-tumor activity in nude mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ying
- College of Life Science and Technology, Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Tarim University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Mingxuan Hao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zichen Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Guo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Youfeng Liang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Changyuan Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Tarim University, Xinjiang, China
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Huang X, Fei Q, Yu S, Liu S, Zhang L, Chen X, Cao L, Wang Z, Shan M. A comprehensive review: Botany, phytochemistry, traditional uses, pharmacology, and toxicology of Spatholobus suberectus vine stems. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 312:116500. [PMID: 37062528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Spatholobus suberectus vine stem (SSVS) is the dried lianoid stem of the leguminous plant, Spatholobus suberectus Dunn, which is mainly distributed in China and some Southeast Asian countries. Due to its notable effects of promoting blood circulation and tonifying blood, regulating menstruation and relieving pain, this phytomedicine has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for hundreds of years. AIM OF THE STUDY This review is designed to provide a comprehensive profile of SSVS concerning its botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, quality control, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology and attempts to provide a scientific basis and future directions for further research and development. MATERIALS AND METHODS Related document information was collected with the help of databases such as the Web of Science, Science Direct, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Flora of China. RESULTS SSVS is reported to be traditionally used to treat rheumatic arthralgia, numbness and paralysis, blood deficiency, irregular menstruation and other gynecological diseases. Botanical studies have revealed that there are some confusable varieties in some specific locations with a long history. Additionally, 145 chemical constituents have been isolated and identified from SSVS, including flavonoids, organic acids, terpenoids, lignans, and phenolic glycosides. Pharmacological studies have shown that SSVS has a variety of effects, such as nervous system regulation, and antioxidative, antitumor, antiviral, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, in regard to the absorption-distribution-metabolism-elimination-toxicity (ADMET) of SSVS, few studies have been carried out, and few articles have been published. CONCLUSION With a long history of traditional uses, a variety of bioactive phytochemicals and a wide range of definite pharmacological activities, SSVS is believed to have great potential in clinical applications and further research, development and exploitation. The precise action mechanisms, rational quality control and quality markers, and explicit ADMET routes should be highlighted in the future, which might provide effective help to safely, effectively and sustainably use this herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Huang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Qingqing Fei
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Sheng Yu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Shengjin Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Xialin Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New Technology for Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, PR China
| | - Liang Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New Technology for Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, PR China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New Technology for Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, PR China
| | - Mingqiu Shan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
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Li J, Arest S, Olszowy B, Gordon J, Barrero CA, Perez-Leal O. CRISPR/Cas9-Based Screening of FDA-Approved Drugs for NRF2 Activation: A Novel Approach to Discover Therapeutics for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1363. [PMID: 37507903 PMCID: PMC10375998 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
With the rising prevalence of obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) now affects 20-25% of the global population. NAFLD, a progressive condition associated with oxidative stress, can result in cirrhosis and liver cancer in 10% and 3% of patients suffering NAFLD, respectively. Therapeutic options are currently limited, emphasizing the need for novel treatments. In this study, we examined the potential of activating the transcription factor NRF2, a crucial player in combating oxidative stress, as an innovative approach to treating NAFLD. Utilizing a CRISPR/Cas9-engineered human HEK293T cell line, we were able to monitor the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1), an NRF2 target, using a Nanoluc luciferase tag. Our model was validated using a known NRF2 activator, after which we screened 1200 FDA-approved drugs, unearthing six compounds (Disulfiram, Thiostrepton, Auranofin, Thimerosal, Halofantrine, and Vorinostat) that enhanced NRF2 activity and antioxidant response. These compounds demonstrated protective effects against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide and lipid droplets accumulation in vitro with hepatoma HUH-7 cells. Our study underscores the utility of CRISPR/Cas9 tagging with Nanoluc luciferase in identifying potential NRF2 activators, paving the way for potential NAFLD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Oscar Perez-Leal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Moulder Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmacy, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Perez Rojo F, Pillow JJ, Kaur P. Bioprospecting microbes and enzymes for the production of pterocarpans and coumestans. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1154779. [PMID: 37187887 PMCID: PMC10175578 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1154779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The isoflavonoid derivatives, pterocarpans and coumestans, are explored for multiple clinical applications as osteo-regenerative, neuroprotective and anti-cancer agents. The use of plant-based systems to produce isoflavonoid derivatives is limited due to cost, scalability, and sustainability constraints. Microbial cell factories overcome these limitations in which model organisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae offer an efficient platform to produce isoflavonoids. Bioprospecting microbes and enzymes can provide an array of tools to enhance the production of these molecules. Other microbes that naturally produce isoflavonoids present a novel alternative as production chassis and as a source of novel enzymes. Enzyme bioprospecting allows the complete identification of the pterocarpans and coumestans biosynthetic pathway, and the selection of the best enzymes based on activity and docking parameters. These enzymes consolidate an improved biosynthetic pathway for microbial-based production systems. In this review, we report the state-of-the-art for the production of key pterocarpans and coumestans, describing the enzymes already identified and the current gaps. We report available databases and tools for microbial bioprospecting to select the best production chassis. We propose the use of a holistic and multidisciplinary bioprospecting approach as the first step to identify the biosynthetic gaps, select the best microbial chassis, and increase productivity. We propose the use of microalgal species as microbial cell factories to produce pterocarpans and coumestans. The application of bioprospecting tools provides an exciting field to produce plant compounds such as isoflavonoid derivatives, efficiently and sustainably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Perez Rojo
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - J. Jane Pillow
- UWA School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Parwinder Kaur
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Medicarpin and Homopterocarpin Isolated from Canavalia lineata as Potent and Competitive Reversible Inhibitors of Human Monoamine Oxidase-B. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010258. [PMID: 36615451 PMCID: PMC9822396 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirteen compounds were isolated from the Canavalia lineata pods and their inhibitory activities against human monoamine oxidase-A (hMAO-A) and -B (hMAO-B) were evaluated. Among them, compounds 8 (medicarpin) and 13 (homopterocarpin) showed potent inhibitory activity against hMAO-B (IC50 = 0.45 and 0.72 µM, respectively) with selectivity index (SI) values of 44.2 and 2.07, respectively. Most of the compounds weakly inhibited MAO-A, except 9 (prunetin) and 13. Compounds 8 and 13 were reversible competitive inhibitors against hMAO-B (Ki = 0.27 and 0.21 µM, respectively). Structurally, the 3-OH group at A-ring of 8 showed higher hMAO-B inhibitory activity than 3-OCH3 group at the A-ring of 13. However, the 9-OCH3 group at B-ring of 13 showed higher hMAO-B inhibitory activity than 8,9-methylenedioxygroup at the B-ring of 12 (pterocarpin). In cytotoxicity study, 8 and 13 showed non-toxicity to the normal (MDCK) and cancer (HL-60) cells and moderate toxicity to neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cell. Molecular docking simulation revealed that the binding affinities of 8 and 13 for hMAO-B (-8.7 and -7.7 kcal/mol, respectively) were higher than those for hMAO-A (-3.4 and -7.1 kcal/mol, respectively). These findings suggest that compounds 8 and 13 be considered potent reversible hMAO-B inhibitors to be used for the treatment of neurological disorders.
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Li Y, He X, Zhang J, Zhou Q, Liu X, Zhou G. Medicarpin Improves Depressive-Like Behaviors in a Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress-Induced Mouse Model of Depression by Upregulating Liver X Receptor β Expression in the Amygdala. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:1937-1947. [PMID: 36445678 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00610-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Presently, the regulatory mechanism underlying depression is indistinct, and almost 50% of depression sufferers undergo no apparent effects during treatment. This study explored the effects of medicarpin on depressive-like behaviors in a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced mouse model of depression. The results of network pharmacological analysis revealed that liver X receptor β (LXRβ) might be a potential target of medicarpin and depression. The LXRβ level was reduced in the amygdala of mice induced by CUMS; however, this effect was suppressed by co-treatment with medicarpin. Medicarpin treatment ameliorated depressive-like behaviors in CUMS-induced mice by modulating LXRβ level. Moreover, medicarpin treatment reduced M1 polarization and enhanced M2 polarization of amygdala microglia in CUMS-induced mice, as well as increased GFAP level in the amygdala. Medicarpin treatment also suppressed CUMS-induced inflammation and hindered nuclear factor-κ B (NF-κB) signaling activation. These data indicate that medicarpin activated astrocytes and inhibited microglia M1 polarization while promoted M2 polarization by enhancing the expression of LXRβ. Hence, our results suggest that medicarpin could have a positive effect on the treatment of depression, and LXRβ could serve as a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 305, Zhongshan East Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Xiaolu He
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 305, Zhongshan East Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jieyu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 305, Zhongshan East Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 305, Zhongshan East Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xuejiao Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 305, Zhongshan East Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guohua Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 305, Zhongshan East Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
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Lao Y, Huang P, Chen J, Wang Y, Su R, Shao W, Hu W, Zhang J. Discovery of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives as novel neuroprotectants against cerebral ischemic injury by activating antioxidant response element. Bioorg Chem 2022; 128:106096. [PMID: 35985158 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke is an important cause of death and long-term disability worldwide. In this work, we have synthesized a series of derivatives with 3,5‑diaryl substituent triazole scaffolds. The derivatives showed favorable protective effective in SNP-induced oxidative stress model, of which compound 5 was the most active. In vivo experiments showed that compound 5 could ameliorate neurological deficits, attenuate infarction sizes, reduce malonaldehyde (MDA) level and increase superoxide dismutase (SOD) level in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats. Preliminary safety evaluation showed that compound 5 exhibited low acute toxicity in BALB/c mice (LD50 greater than 1000 mg/kg). Further investigation indicated that compound 5 was able to scavenge ROS, restore mitochondrial membrane potential and protect PC12 cells from SNP-induced apoptosis. Moreover, compound 5 could initiate transcription of antioxidant response element (ARE) and induced expressions of antioxidative enzymes. Collectively, compound 5 might have the potency of treating acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoqiang Lao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Jianwen Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Ruiqi Su
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Weiyan Shao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Wenhao Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Jingxia Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
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Zhu H, Wang R, Hua H, Cheng Y, Guo Y, Qian H, Du P. Network Pharmacology Exploration Reveals Gut Microbiota Modulation as a Common Therapeutic Mechanism for Anti-Fatigue Effect Treated with Maca Compounds Prescription. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081533. [PMID: 35458095 PMCID: PMC9026883 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Maca compounds prescription (MCP) is a common botanical used in dietary supplements, primarily to treat exercise-induced fatigue. The aim of this study is to elucidate the multi-target mechanism of MCP on fatigue management via network pharmacology and gut microbiota analysis. Databases and literature were used to screen the chemical compounds and targets of MCP. Subsequently, 120 active ingredients and 116 fatigue-related targets played a cooperative role in managing fatigue, where several intestine-specific targets indicated the anti-fatigue mechanism of MCP might be closely related to its prebiotics of intestinal bacteria. Thus, forced swimming tests (FSTs) were carried and mice fecal samples were collected and analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Gut microbiota were beneficially regulated in the MCP-treated group in phylum, genus and OTU levels, respectively, and that with a critical correlation included Lactobacillus and Candidatus Planktophila. The results systematically reveal that MCP acts against fatigue on multi-targets with different ingredients and reshapes the gut microbial ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkang Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (H.Z.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (Y.G.)
| | - Ruoyong Wang
- Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing 100142, China;
| | - Hanyi Hua
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (H.Z.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yuliang Cheng
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (H.Z.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yahui Guo
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (H.Z.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (Y.G.)
| | - He Qian
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (H.Z.); (H.H.); (Y.C.); (Y.G.)
- Correspondence: (H.Q.); (P.D.); Tel.: +86-13951588662 (H.Q.); +86-010-66927220 (P.D.)
| | - Peng Du
- Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing 100142, China;
- Correspondence: (H.Q.); (P.D.); Tel.: +86-13951588662 (H.Q.); +86-010-66927220 (P.D.)
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