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Romero FJ, Diaz-Llopis M, Romero-Gomez MI, Miranda M, Romero-Wenz R, Sancho-Pelluz J, Romero B, Muriach M, Barcia JM. Small Extracellular Vesicles and Oxidative Pathophysiological Mechanisms in Retinal Degenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1618. [PMID: 38338894 PMCID: PMC10855665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the role of small extracellular vesicles in the pathophysiological mechanisms of retinal degenerative diseases. Many of these mechanisms are related to or modulated by the oxidative burden of retinal cells. It has been recently demonstrated that cellular communication in the retina involves extracellular vesicles and that their rate of release and cargo features might be affected by the cellular environment, and in some instances, they might also be mediated by autophagy. The fate of these vesicles is diverse: they could end up in circulation being used as markers, or target neighbor cells modulating gene and protein expression, or eventually, in angiogenesis. Neovascularization in the retina promotes vision loss in diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. The importance of micro RNAs, either as small extracellular vesicles' cargo or free circulating, in the regulation of retinal angiogenesis is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Romero
- Hospital General de Requena, Conselleria de Sanitat, Generalitat Valenciana, 46340 Requena, Spain;
| | - Manuel Diaz-Llopis
- Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | | | - Maria Miranda
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU-Cardenal Herrera, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Spain;
| | - Rebeca Romero-Wenz
- Hospital General de Requena, Conselleria de Sanitat, Generalitat Valenciana, 46340 Requena, Spain;
| | - Javier Sancho-Pelluz
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Valencia, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (J.S.-P.); (B.R.); (J.M.B.)
| | - Belén Romero
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Valencia, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (J.S.-P.); (B.R.); (J.M.B.)
- Unidad de Cuidados intensivos, Hospital de Manises, 46940 Manises, Spain
| | - Maria Muriach
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universitat Jaume I, 12006 Castelló de la Plana, Spain;
| | - Jorge M. Barcia
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Valencia, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (J.S.-P.); (B.R.); (J.M.B.)
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Martínez-Santos M, Ybarra M, Oltra M, Muriach M, Romero FJ, Pires ME, Sancho-Pelluz J, Barcia JM. Role of Exosomal miR-205-5p Cargo in Angiogenesis and Cell Migration. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:934. [PMID: 38256008 PMCID: PMC10815498 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes or small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) represent a pivotal component in intercellular communication, carrying a diverse array of biomolecules. Several factors can affect sEVs release dynamics, as occurs in hyperglycemia or inflammation. In fact, sEVs release has been associated with the promotion of physio-pathological processes. Among the sEVs cargo, microRNAs play an essential role in cell-to-cell regulation. More concretely, miR-205-5p is related to angiogenesis and cell proliferation. The aim of this study is to understand the specific role of sEVs containing miR-205-5p under high glucose conditions. ARPE-19 cells were cultured with high glucose (HG) for 5 days. sEVs were isolated and characterized. sEVs from ARPE-19 were used for angiogenesis and cell proliferation. HG increased sEVs release but downregulated miR-205-5p cargo expression compared to the control. sEVs from HG-treated ARPE-19 cells promoted tube formation and migration processes. In contrast, miR-205-5p overexpression (by mimic transfection) decreased angiogenesis and cell migration. Our results demonstrate how ARPE-19 cells respond to HG challenge by increasing sEVs with weak miR-205-5p cargo. The absence of this miRNA in sEVs is enough to promote angiogenesis. In contrast, restoring sEVs-miR-205-5p levels decreased it. These findings open new possibilities in sEVs-based therapies containing miR-205-5p against angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Martínez-Santos
- Escuela de Doctorado, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (M.M.-S.); (M.Y.); (M.E.P.); (J.M.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Translacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain;
| | - María Ybarra
- Escuela de Doctorado, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (M.M.-S.); (M.Y.); (M.E.P.); (J.M.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Translacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain;
| | - María Oltra
- Centro de Investigación Translacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain;
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - María Muriach
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Jaime I, Avda. Vicent Sos Baynat, 12006 Castellón de la Plana, Spain;
| | - Francisco J. Romero
- Hospital General de Requena, Conselleria de Sanitat, Generalitat Valenciana, 46340 Requena, Spain;
| | - Maria E. Pires
- Escuela de Doctorado, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (M.M.-S.); (M.Y.); (M.E.P.); (J.M.B.)
| | - Javier Sancho-Pelluz
- Centro de Investigación Translacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain;
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jorge M. Barcia
- Escuela de Doctorado, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (M.M.-S.); (M.Y.); (M.E.P.); (J.M.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Translacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain;
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain
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Manai F, Smedowski A, Kaarniranta K, Comincini S, Amadio M. Extracellular vesicles in degenerative retinal diseases: A new therapeutic paradigm. J Control Release 2024; 365:448-468. [PMID: 38013069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale extracellular vesicles (EVs), consisting of exomers, exosomes and microvesicles/ectosomes, have been extensively investigated in the last 20 years, although their biological role is still something of a mystery. EVs are involved in the transfer of lipids, nucleic acids and proteins from donor to recipient cells or distant organs as well as regulating cell-cell communication and signaling. Thus, EVs are important in intercellular communication and this is not limited to sister cells, but may also mediate the crosstalk between different cell types even over long distances. EVs play crucial functions in both cellular homeostasis and the pathogenesis of diseases, and since their contents reflect the status of the donor cell, they represent an additional valuable source of information for characterizing complex biological processes. Recent advances in isolation and analytical methods have led to substantial improvements in both characterizing and engineering EVs, leading to their use either as novel biomarkers for disease diagnosis/prognosis or even as novel therapies. Due to their capacity to carry biomolecules, various EV-based therapeutic applications have been devised for several pathological conditions, including eye diseases. In the eye, EVs have been detected in the retina, aqueous humor, vitreous body and also in tears. Experiences with other forms of intraocular drug applications have opened new ways to use EVs in the treatment of retinal diseases. We here provide a comprehensive summary of the main in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo literature-based studies on EVs' role in ocular physiological and pathological conditions. We have focused on age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, which are common eye diseases leading to permanent blindness, if not treated properly. In addition, the putative use of EVs in retinitis pigmentosa and other retinopathies is discussed. Finally, we have reviewed the potential of EVs as therapeutic tools and/or biomarkers in the above-mentioned retinal disorders. Evidence emerging from experimental disease models and human material strongly suggests future diagnostic and/or therapeutic exploitation of these biological agents in various ocular disorders with a good possibility to improve the patient's quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Manai
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Adrian Smedowski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland; GlaucoTech Co., Katowice, Poland
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Sergio Comincini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Limlawan P, Insin N, Marger L, Freudenreich M, Durual S, Vacharaksa A. 3D-printed TCP-HA scaffolds delivering MicroRNA-302a-3p improve bone regeneration in a mouse calvarial model. BDJ Open 2023; 9:50. [PMID: 38001073 PMCID: PMC10673873 DOI: 10.1038/s41405-023-00177-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To demonstrate hydroxyapatite nanoparticles modified with cationic functional molecules. 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (HA-NPs-APTES) carrying microRNA-302a-3p (miR) in the 3D-printed tricalcium phosphate/Hydroxyapatite (TCP/HA) scaffold can increase healing of the critical-sized bone defect. MATERIALS AND METHODS 3D-printed TCP/HA were modified with HA-NPs-APTES by two methods (M1, M2). The dispersion of particles was visualized by fluorescent microscopy. Biocompatibility of the scaffolds was tested by alizarin assay. Delivery of miR to the cells and osteogenic gene expression were evaluated by qPCR. After selecting best method (M2), scaffolds, scaffolds+HA-NPs-APTES with or without miR were implanted in 4 mm mouse calvarium defect (n = 4 per group). After 2,4 and 6 weeks, bone regeneration were evaluated by microCT and histology sections. RESULTS Both M1 and M2 scaffolds were biocompatible with cell adhesion on its surface. M2 scaffold showed significant increase of miR, suggesting successful delivery, resulted in downregulation of its target mRNA COUP-TFII, and upregulation of RUNX2 mRNA. Calvarium defect with M2 scaffold also showed significantly higher BV/TV and higher number of filled spaces at all time points. Histomorphometry demonstrated new bone formed at the center of the HA-NPs-APTES-miR scaffold earlier than controls. CONCLUSION TCP/HA scaffold modified with HA-NPs-APTES facilitated delivery of miR and enhanced bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pirawish Limlawan
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Research Unit on Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Numpon Insin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Laurine Marger
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Division of Fixed Prosthodontics and Biomaterials, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1204, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mélanie Freudenreich
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Division of Fixed Prosthodontics and Biomaterials, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1204, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Durual
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Division of Fixed Prosthodontics and Biomaterials, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1204, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anjalee Vacharaksa
- Research Unit on Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Master of Science Program in Geriatric Dentistry and Special Patients Care, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Bryja A, Zadka Ł, Farzaneh M, Zehtabi M, Ghasemian M, Dyszkiewicz-Konwińska M, Mozdziak P, Zabel M, Podhorska-Okołów M, Dzięgiel P, Piotrowska-Kempisty H, Kempisty B. Small extracellular vesicles - A host for advanced bioengineering and "Trojan Horse" of non-coding RNAs. Life Sci 2023; 332:122126. [PMID: 37769803 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are a type of membranous vesicles that can be released by cells into the extracellular space. The relationship between sEVs and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) is highly intricate and interdependent. This symbiotic relationship plays a pivotal role in facilitating intercellular communication and holds profound implications for a myriad of biological processes. The concept of sEVs and their ncRNA cargo as a "Trojan Horse" highlights their remarkable capacity to traverse biological barriers and surreptitiously deliver their cargo to target cells, evading detection by the host-immune system. Accumulating evidence suggests that sEVs may be harnessed as carriers to ferry therapeutic ncRNAs capable of selectively silencing disease-driving genes, particularly in conditions such as cancer. This approach presents several advantages over conventional drug delivery methods, opening up new possibilities for targeted therapy and improved treatment outcomes. However, the utilization of sEVs and ncRNAs as therapeutic agents raises valid concerns regarding the possibility of unforeseen consequences and unintended impacts that may emerge from their application. It is important to consider the fundamental attributes of sEVs and ncRNAs, including by an in-depth analysis of the practical and clinical potentials of exosomes, serving as a representative model for sEVs encapsulating ncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Bryja
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Łukasz Zadka
- Division of Ultrastructural Research, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Maryam Farzaneh
- Fertility, Infertility and Perinatology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Zehtabi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Ghasemian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Paul Mozdziak
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA
| | - Maciej Zabel
- Division of Ultrastructural Research, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland; Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland; Division of Anatomy and Histology, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Hanna Piotrowska-Kempisty
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland; Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland; Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Toruń, Poland.
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