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Kounatidis D, Vallianou NG, Stratigou T, Voukali M, Karampela I, Dalamaga M. The Kidney in Obesity: Current Evidence, Perspectives and Controversies. Curr Obes Rep 2024:10.1007/s13679-024-00583-y. [PMID: 39141201 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-024-00583-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW As obesity and chronic kidney disease (CKD) remain a public health issue, we aim to elaborate on their complex relationship regarding pathogenetic mechanisms and therapeutic potential as well. The purpose of this review is to enhance our understanding of the interplay between obesity and CKD in order to timely diagnose and treat obesity-related CKD. RECENT FINDINGS Obesity and CKD pose significant intertwined challenges to global health, affecting a substantial portion of the population worldwide. Obesity is recognized as an independent risk factor, intricately contributing to CKD pathogenesis through mechanisms such as lipotoxicity, chronic inflammation, and insulin resistance. Recent evidence highlights additional factors including hemodynamic changes and intestinal dysbiosis that exacerbate kidney dysfunction in obese individuals, leading to histologic alterations known as obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG). This narrative review synthesizes current knowledge on the prevalence, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic strategies of obesity-related kidney disease. Furthermore, it explores mechanistic insights to delineate current therapeutic approaches, future directions for managing this condition and controversies. By elucidating the multifaceted interactions between obesity and kidney health, this review aims to inform clinical practice and stimulate further research to address this global health epidemic effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Kounatidis
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Natalia G Vallianou
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Sismanogleio General Hospital, 15126, Athens, Greece.
| | - Theodora Stratigou
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, European and National Expertise Center for Rare Endocrine Disorders, Evangelismos General Hospital, 10676, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Voukali
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Sismanogleio General Hospital, 15126, Athens, Greece
| | - Irene Karampela
- Second Department of Critical Care, Medical School, Attikon General University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
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Miaskowski C, Conley YP, Levine JD, Cooper BA, Paul SM, Hammer MJ, Oppegaard K, Harris C, Shin J, Abrams G, Asakitogum D, Fu MR, Alismal S. Chronic Decrements in Energy in Women with Breast Cancer are Associated with Cytokine Gene Polymorphisms. Semin Oncol Nurs 2024; 40:151652. [PMID: 38834449 DOI: 10.1016/j.soncn.2024.151652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Decrements in energy were found in 67% of women who underwent breast cancer surgery. However, no information is available on chronic decrements in energy and associations with inflammation. Purposes were to identify latent classes of patients with distinct average energy profiles from prior to through 12 months after breast cancer surgery; evaluate for differences in demographic and clinical characteristics between the two extreme average energy classes; and evaluate for polymorphisms for cytokine genes associated with membership in the Low energy class. METHODS Women (n = 397) completed assessments of energy prior to and for 12 months following breast cancer surgery. Growth mixture modeling was used to identify classes of patients with distinct average energy profiles. Eighty-two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among 15 cytokine genes were evaluated. RESULTS Three distinct energy profiles were identified (ie, Low [27.0%], Moderate [54.4%], Changing [18.6%]). Data from patients in the Low and Moderate energy classes were used in the candidate gene analyses. Five SNPs and one haplotype in six different genes remained significant in logistic regression analyses (ie, interleukin [IL]-1β rs1143623, IL1 receptor 1 rs3917332 IL4 rs2243263, IL6 HapA1 [that consisted of rs1800795, rs2069830, rs2069840, rs1554606, rs2069845, rs2069849, and rs2069861], nuclear factor kappa beta subunit 1 rs170731, tumor necrosis factor rs1799964). For several SNPs for IL6, expression quantitative trait locis were identified in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue and thyroid tissue. In addition, skeletal muscle was identified as an expression quantitative trait loci for nuclear factor kappa beta subunit 1. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that cytokine genes are involved in the mechanisms that underlie chronic decrements in energy in women following breast cancer surgery. Given the roles of subcutaneous and visceral adipose and thyroid tissues in metabolism and energy balance, the findings related to IL6 suggest that these polymorphisms may have a functional role in the development and maintenance of chronic decrements in energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Miaskowski
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco; School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco.
| | | | - Jon D Levine
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Bruce A Cooper
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Steven M Paul
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco
| | | | | | - Carolyn Harris
- School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Gary Abrams
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | | | - Mei R Fu
- University of Missouri, Kansas City
| | - Sarah Alismal
- Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
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Fang Z, Raza U, Song J, Lu J, Yao S, Liu X, Zhang W, Li S. Systemic aging fuels heart failure: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic avenues. ESC Heart Fail 2024. [PMID: 39034866 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic aging influences various physiological processes and contributes to structural and functional decline in cardiac tissue. These alterations include an increased incidence of left ventricular hypertrophy, a decline in left ventricular diastolic function, left atrial dilation, atrial fibrillation, myocardial fibrosis and cardiac amyloidosis, elevating susceptibility to chronic heart failure (HF) in the elderly. Age-related cardiac dysfunction stems from prolonged exposure to genomic, epigenetic, oxidative, autophagic, inflammatory and regenerative stresses, along with the accumulation of senescent cells. Concurrently, age-related structural and functional changes in the vascular system, attributed to endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffness, impaired angiogenesis, oxidative stress and inflammation, impose additional strain on the heart. Dysregulated mechanosignalling and impaired nitric oxide signalling play critical roles in the age-related vascular dysfunction associated with HF. Metabolic aging drives intricate shifts in glucose and lipid metabolism, leading to insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction and lipid accumulation within cardiomyocytes. These alterations contribute to cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis and impaired contractility, ultimately propelling HF. Systemic low-grade chronic inflammation, in conjunction with the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, aggravates cardiac dysfunction with age by promoting immune cell infiltration into the myocardium, fostering HF. This is further exacerbated by age-related comorbidities like coronary artery disease (CAD), atherosclerosis, hypertension, obesity, diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD). CAD and atherosclerosis induce myocardial ischaemia and adverse remodelling, while hypertension contributes to cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Obesity-associated insulin resistance, inflammation and dyslipidaemia create a profibrotic cardiac environment, whereas diabetes-related metabolic disturbances further impair cardiac function. CKD-related fluid overload, electrolyte imbalances and uraemic toxins exacerbate HF through systemic inflammation and neurohormonal renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activation. Recognizing aging as a modifiable process has opened avenues to target systemic aging in HF through both lifestyle interventions and therapeutics. Exercise, known for its antioxidant effects, can partly reverse pathological cardiac remodelling in the elderly by countering processes linked to age-related chronic HF, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, senescence and declining cardiomyocyte regeneration. Dietary interventions such as plant-based and ketogenic diets, caloric restriction and macronutrient supplementation are instrumental in maintaining energy balance, reducing adiposity and addressing micronutrient and macronutrient imbalances associated with age-related HF. Therapeutic advancements targeting systemic aging in HF are underway. Key approaches include senomorphics and senolytics to limit senescence, antioxidants targeting mitochondrial stress, anti-inflammatory drugs like interleukin (IL)-1β inhibitors, metabolic rejuvenators such as nicotinamide riboside, resveratrol and sirtuin (SIRT) activators and autophagy enhancers like metformin and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, all of which offer potential for preserving cardiac function and alleviating the age-related HF burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuyubing Fang
- Cardiovascular Department of Internal Medicine, Karamay Hospital of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Karamay, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Umar Raza
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jia Song
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Research), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Junyan Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Zengcheng Branch of Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shun Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Cardiovascular Department of Internal Medicine, Karamay Hospital of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Karamay, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Outpatient Clinic of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shujuan Li
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Dimala CA, Nso N, Wasserlauf J, Njei B. Electrocardiographic abnormalities in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102580. [PMID: 38653446 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study review aimed to consolidate current knowledge on the electrocardiographic abnormalities observed in patients with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD), formerly known as Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). METHODS This was a systematic review of studies on the association between MASLD and electrocardiographic abnormalities, published between January 1, 1946, and October 31, 2023. Data from eligible studies were extracted, analyzed, synthesized, and summarized. RESULTS We evaluated a total of 27 studies with 8,607,500 participants overall and 1,005,101 participants with MASLD. There was a statistically significant association between MASLD and prevalent atrial fibrillation (pooled OR: 1.34 95 % CI: 1.20-1.49, p < 0.001, n = 12), shorter QRS duration (pooled SMD: -0.073, 95 % CI: -0.144 - -0.001, n = 2, p = 0.048, n = 2), QTc prolongation (p < 0.001, n = 2), LVH (pooled OR: 1.48, 95 % CI: 1.25-1.75, p < 0.001, n = 3), low voltage (p < 0.001, n = 1), ST changes (OR: 1.41, 95 % CI: 1.04-1.91, p = 0.027, n = 1), T wave inversion (p < 0.001, n = 1), axis deviation (OR: 3.21, 95 % CI: 1.99-5.17, p < 0.001, n = 1), conduction defect (OR: 2.79, 95 % CI: 1.83-4.26, p < 0.001, n = 1) and bundle branch block (OR: 2.90, 95 % CI: 1.82-4.61, p < 0.001, n = 1), any persistent heart block (p < 0.001, n = 1), fragmented QRS (p < 0.001, n = 1), and p wave dispersion (p < 0.001, n = 1) CONCLUSION: MASLD is associated with multiple ECG abnormalities which are potential markers of early cardiac involvement, highlighting the multisystemic nature of MASLD. These specific ECG abnormalities could be used in screening and management algorithms to improve cardiac risk stratification in MASLD patients. PROSPERO REGISTRATION CRD42023477501.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Akem Dimala
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., 5.106 John Sealy Annex, Galveston, TX 77555-0553, United States.
| | - Nso Nso
- Division of Cardiology, University of Chicago (Northshore), Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Jeremiah Wasserlauf
- Cardiovascular Institute, North Shore University Health System, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Basile Njei
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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Pérez B, Torre-Villalvazo I, Wilson-Verdugo M, Lau-Corona D, Muciño-Olmos E, Coutiño-Hernández D, Noriega-López L, Resendis-Antonio O, Valdés VJ, Torres N, Tovar AR. Epigenetic reprogramming of H3K4me3 in adipose-derived stem cells by HFS diet consumption leads to a disturbed transcriptomic profile in adipocytes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 327:E13-E26. [PMID: 38717362 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00093.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Adipose tissue metabolism is actively involved in the regulation of energy balance. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) play a critical role in maintaining adipose tissue function through their differentiation into mature adipocytes (Ad). This study aimed to investigate the impact of an obesogenic environment on the epigenetic landscape of ASCs and its impact on adipocyte differentiation and its metabolic consequences. Our results showed that ASCs from rats on a high-fat sucrose (HFS) diet displayed reduced adipogenic capacity, increased fat accumulation, and formed larger adipocytes than the control (C) group. Mitochondrial analysis revealed heightened activity in undifferentiated ASC-HFS but decreased respiratory and glycolytic capacity in mature adipocytes. The HFS diet significantly altered the H3K4me3 profile in ASCs on genes related to adipogenesis, mitochondrial function, inflammation, and immunomodulation. After differentiation, adipocytes retained H3K4me3 alterations, confirming the upregulation of genes associated with inflammatory and immunomodulatory pathways. RNA-seq confirmed the upregulation of genes associated with inflammatory and immunomodulatory pathways in adipocytes. Overall, the HFS diet induced significant epigenetic and transcriptomic changes in ASCs, impairing differentiation and causing dysfunctional adipocyte formation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Obesity is associated with the development of chronic diseases like metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, and adipose tissue plays a crucial role. In a rat model, our study reveals how an obesogenic environment primes adipocyte precursor cells, leading to epigenetic changes that affect inflammation, adipogenesis, and mitochondrial activity after differentiation. We highlight the importance of histone modifications, especially the trimethylation of histone H3 to lysine 4 (H3K4me3), showing its influence on adipocyte expression profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenice Pérez
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Iván Torre-Villalvazo
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martí Wilson-Verdugo
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dana Lau-Corona
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Erick Muciño-Olmos
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Biología de Sistemas, Coordinación de la Investigación Científica - Red de Apoyo a la Investigación - Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México & Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diana Coutiño-Hernández
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lilia Noriega-López
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Osbaldo Resendis-Antonio
- Laboratorio de Biología de Sistemas, Coordinación de la Investigación Científica - Red de Apoyo a la Investigación - Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México & Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Víctor Julián Valdés
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nimbe Torres
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Armando R Tovar
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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Mann V, Sundaresan A, Shishodia S. Overnutrition and Lipotoxicity: Impaired Efferocytosis and Chronic Inflammation as Precursors to Multifaceted Disease Pathogenesis. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:241. [PMID: 38666853 PMCID: PMC11048223 DOI: 10.3390/biology13040241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Overnutrition, driven by the consumption of high-fat, high-sugar diets, has reached epidemic proportions and poses a significant global health challenge. Prolonged overnutrition leads to the deposition of excessive lipids in adipose and non-adipose tissues, a condition known as lipotoxicity. The intricate interplay between overnutrition-induced lipotoxicity and the immune system plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of various diseases. This review aims to elucidate the consequences of impaired efferocytosis, caused by lipotoxicity-poisoned macrophages, leading to chronic inflammation and the subsequent development of severe infectious diseases, autoimmunity, and cancer, as well as chronic pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases. Chronic overnutrition promotes adipose tissue expansion which induces cellular stress and inflammatory responses, contributing to insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome. Moreover, sustained exposure to lipotoxicity impairs the efferocytic capacity of macrophages, compromising their ability to efficiently engulf and remove dead cells. The unresolved chronic inflammation perpetuates a pro-inflammatory microenvironment, exacerbating tissue damage and promoting the development of various diseases. The interaction between overnutrition, lipotoxicity, and impaired efferocytosis highlights a critical pathway through which chronic inflammation emerges, facilitating the development of severe infectious diseases, autoimmunity, cancer, and chronic pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases. Understanding these intricate connections sheds light on potential therapeutic avenues to mitigate the detrimental effects of overnutrition and lipotoxicity on immune function and tissue homeostasis, thereby paving the way for novel interventions aimed at reducing the burden of these multifaceted diseases on global health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shishir Shishodia
- Department of Biology, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA; (V.M.); (A.S.)
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Trinchese G, Cimmino F, Catapano A, Cavaliere G, Mollica MP. Mitochondria: the gatekeepers between metabolism and immunity. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1334006. [PMID: 38464536 PMCID: PMC10920337 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1334006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolism and immunity are crucial monitors of the whole-body homeodynamics. All cells require energy to perform their basic functions. One of the most important metabolic skills of the cell is the ability to optimally adapt metabolism according to demand or availability, known as metabolic flexibility. The immune cells, first line of host defense that circulate in the body and migrate between tissues, need to function also in environments in which nutrients are not always available. The resilience of immune cells consists precisely in their high adaptive capacity, a challenge that arises especially in the framework of sustained immune responses. Pubmed and Scopus databases were consulted to construct the extensive background explored in this review, from the Kennedy and Lehninger studies on mitochondrial biochemistry of the 1950s to the most recent findings on immunometabolism. In detail, we first focus on how metabolic reconfiguration influences the action steps of the immune system and modulates immune cell fate and function. Then, we highlighted the evidence for considering mitochondria, besides conventional cellular energy suppliers, as the powerhouses of immunometabolism. Finally, we explored the main immunometabolic hubs in the organism emphasizing in them the reciprocal impact between metabolic and immune components in both physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabiano Cimmino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Catapano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Hamjane N, Mechita MB, Nourouti NG, Barakat A. Gut microbiota dysbiosis -associated obesity and its involvement in cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. A systematic review. Microvasc Res 2024; 151:104601. [PMID: 37690507 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2023.104601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex, multifactorial disease caused by various factors. Recently, the role of the gut microbiota in the development of obesity and its complications has attracted increasing interest. PURPOSE This article focuses on the mechanisms by which gut microbiota dysbiosis induces insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases linked to obesity, highlighting the mechanisms explaining the role of gut microbiota dysbiosis-associated inflammation in the onset of these pathologies. METHODS A systematic study was carried out to understand and summarize the published results on this topic. More than 150 articles were included in this search, including different types of studies, consulted by an online search in English using various electronic search databases and predefined keywords related to the objectives of our study. RESULTS We have summarized the data from the articles consulted in this search, and we have found a major gut microbiota alteration in obesity, characterized by a specific decrease in butyrate-producing bacteria and the production of metabolites and components that lead to metabolic impairments and affect the progression of various diseases associated with obesity through distinct signaling pathways, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). We have also focused on the major role of inflammation as a link between gut microbiota dysbiosis and obesity-associated metabolic complications by explaining the mechanisms involved. CONCLUSION Gut microbiota dysbiosis plays a crucial role in the development of various obesity-related metabolic abnormalities, among them type 2 diabetes and CVD, and represents a major challenge for chronic disease prevention and health. Indeed, the intestinal microbiota appears to be a promising target for the nutritional or therapeutic management of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Hamjane
- Research Team in Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Morocco.
| | - Mohcine Bennani Mechita
- Research Team in Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Morocco
| | - Naima Ghailani Nourouti
- Research Team in Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Morocco
| | - Amina Barakat
- Research Team in Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Morocco
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Nucera S, Scarano F, Macrì R, Mollace R, Gliozzi M, Carresi C, Ruga S, Serra M, Tavernese A, Caminiti R, Coppoletta A, Cardamone A, Montalcini T, Pujia A, Palma E, Muscoli C, Barillà F, Musolino V, Mollace V. The Effect of an Innovative Combination of Bergamot Polyphenolic Fraction and Cynara cardunculus L. Extract on Weight Gain Reduction and Fat Browning in Obese Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:191. [PMID: 38203362 PMCID: PMC10779365 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the world's most serious public health issues, with a high risk of developing a wide range of diseases. As a result, focusing on adipose tissue dysfunction may help to prevent the metabolic disturbances commonly associated with obesity. Nutraceutical supplementation may be a crucial strategy for improving WAT inflammation and obesity and accelerating the browning process. The aim of this study was to perform a preclinical "proof of concept" study on Bergacyn®, an innovative formulation originating from a combination of bergamot polyphenolic fraction (BPF) and Cynara cardunculus (CyC), for the treatment of adipose tissue dysfunction. In particular, Bergacyn® supplementation in WD/SW-fed mice at doses of 50 mg/kg given orally for 12 weeks, was able to reduce body weight and total fat mass in the WD/SW mice, in association with an improvement in plasma biochemical parameters, including glycemia, total cholesterol, and LDL levels. In addition, a significant reduction in serum ALT levels was highlighted. The decreased WAT levels corresponded to an increased weight of BAT tissue, which was associated with a downregulation of PPARγ as compared to the vehicle group. Bergacyn® was able to restore PPARγ levels and prevent NF-kB overexpression in the WAT of mice fed a WD/SW diet, suggesting an improved oxidative metabolism and inflammatory status. These results were associated with a significant potentiation of the total antioxidant status in WD/SW mice. Finally, our data show, for the first time, that Bergacyn® supplementation may be a valuable approach to counteract adipose tissue dysfunction and obesity-associated effects on cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Nucera
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.N.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (R.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Federica Scarano
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.N.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (R.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.N.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (R.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.N.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (R.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (C.M.)
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.N.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (R.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Veterinary Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.C.); (E.P.)
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.N.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (R.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Maria Serra
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.N.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (R.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Annamaria Tavernese
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.N.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (R.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Rosamaria Caminiti
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.N.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (R.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Annarita Coppoletta
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.N.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (R.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Antonio Cardamone
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.N.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (R.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Tiziana Montalcini
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Magna of Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Arturo Pujia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Veterinary Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.C.); (E.P.)
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.N.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (R.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Francesco Barillà
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Pharmaceutical Biology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.N.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (R.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (C.M.)
- Renato Dulbecco Institute, Lamezia Terme, 88046 Catanzaro, Italy
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10
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Siapoush S, Rezaei R, Alavifard H, Hatami B, Zali MR, Vosough M, Lorzadeh S, Łos MJ, Baghaei K, Ghavami S. Therapeutic implications of targeting autophagy and TGF-β crosstalk for the treatment of liver fibrosis. Life Sci 2023; 329:121894. [PMID: 37380126 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is characterized by the excessive deposition and accumulation of extracellular matrix components, mainly collagens, and occurs in response to a broad spectrum of triggers with different etiologies. Under stress conditions, autophagy serves as a highly conserved homeostatic system for cell survival and is importantly involved in various biological processes. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) has emerged as a central cytokine in hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and is the main mediator of liver fibrosis. A growing body of evidence from preclinical and clinical studies suggests that TGF-β1 regulates autophagy, a process that affects various essential (patho)physiological aspects related to liver fibrosis. This review comprehensively highlights recent advances in our understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms of autophagy, its regulation by TGF-β, and the implication of autophagy in the pathogenesis of progressive liver disorders. Moreover, we evaluated crosstalk between autophagy and TGF-β1 signalling and discussed whether simultaneous inhibition of these pathways could represent a novel approach to improve the efficacy of anti-fibrotic therapy in the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Siapoush
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramazan Rezaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Helia Alavifard
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Hatami
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research center, Research institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research center, Research institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Lorzadeh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Marek J Łos
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, 8 Krzywousty St., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; Autophagy Research Center, Department of Biochemistry; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; LinkoCare Life Sciences AB, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Kaveh Baghaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research center, Research institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba-University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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