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Caviness PC, Lazarenko OP, Blackburn ML, Chen JF, Randolph CE, Zabaleta J, Zhan F, Chen JR. Phenolic acids prevent sex-steroid deficiency-induced bone loss and bone marrow adipogenesis in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 127:109601. [PMID: 38367948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Phenolic acids, such as hippuric acid (HA) and 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid (3-3-PPA), can be produced from microbiome digestion of polyphenols. Previously it was found that HA and 3-3-PPA facilitate bone formation and suppress bone resorption. However, the mechanism of action by which HA and 3-3-PPA protect bone from degeneration is currently unknown. In this report, we present that HA and 3-3-PPA suppression of bone resorption is able to ameliorate bone loss in an ovariectomy (OVX) osteopenic mouse model though not to the extent of Zoledronic acid (ZA). HA and 3-3-PPA treatments were shown to significantly decrease bone marrow adipocyte-like cell formation and inhibited gene expression of key adipogenesis regulator peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and lipoprotein lipase (Lpl) in bone from OVX mice. In addition, ChIP experiments showed that the association between PPARγ and Lpl promoter region in preadipocyte-like cells was significantly suppressed following HA or 3-3-PPA treatment. Contrasting HA and 3-3-PPA, ZA significantly increased TRAP activity in the area close to growth plate and significantly suppressed bone cell proliferation. These data suggest that phenolics acids such as HA or 3-3-PPA may prevent bone degeneration after OVX through suppression of inflammatory milieu in the bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perry C Caviness
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA
| | - Oxana P Lazarenko
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA
| | - Michael L Blackburn
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA
| | - Jennifer F Chen
- Undergraduate Pre-Medical Program, University of Arkansas at Fayetteville, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
| | - Christopher E Randolph
- Center for Translational Pediatric Research, Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202, USA
| | - Jovanny Zabaleta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Los Angeles 70112, USA
| | - Fenghuang Zhan
- Myeloma Center, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Jin-Ran Chen
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA.
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Elbeltagi R, Al-Beltagi M, Saeed NK, Bediwy AS. Cardiometabolic effects of breastfeeding on infants of diabetic mothers. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:617-631. [PMID: 37273257 PMCID: PMC10236993 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i5.617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast milk is the best and principal nutritional source for neonates and infants. It may protect infants against many metabolic diseases, predominantly obesity and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic and microvascular disease that affects all the body systems and all ages from intrauterine life to late adulthood. Breastfeeding protects against infant mortality and diseases, such as necrotizing enterocolitis, diarrhoea, respiratory infections, viral and bacterial infection, eczema, allergic rhinitis, asthma, food allergies, malocclusion, dental caries, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis. It also protects against obesity and insulin resistance and increases intelligence and mental development. Gestational diabetes has short and long-term impacts on infants of diabetic mothers (IDM). Breast milk composition changes in mothers with gestational diabetes.
AIM To investigate the beneficial or detrimental effects of breastfeeding on the cardiometabolic health of IDM and their mothers.
METHODS We performed a database search on different engines and a thorough literature review and included 121 research published in English between January 2000 and December 15, 2022, in this review.
RESULTS Most of the literature agreed on the beneficial effects of breast milk for both the mother and the infant in the short and long terms. Breastfeeding protects mothers with gestational diabetes against obesity and type 2 DM. Despite some evidence of the protective effects of breastfeeding on IDM in the short and long term, the evidence is not strong enough due to the presence of many confounding factors and a lack of sufficient studies.
CONCLUSION We need more comprehensive research to prove these effects. Despite many obstacles that may enface mothers with gestational diabetes to start and maintain breastfeeding, every effort should be made to encourage them to breastfeed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Elbeltagi
- Department of Medicine, Irish Royal College of Surgeon, Busaiteen 15503, Bahrain
| | - Mohammed Al-Beltagi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center, King Abdulla Medical City, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 26671, Bahrain
| | - Nermin Kamal Saeed
- Medical Microbiology Section, Department of Pathology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Bahrain, Manama 12, Bahrain
- Department of Microbiology, Irish Royal College of Surgeon, Bahrain, Busaiteen 15503, Bahrain
| | - Adel Salah Bediwy
- Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center, King Abdulla Medical City, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 26671, Bahrain
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Smilowitz JT, Allen LH, Dallas DC, McManaman J, Raiten DJ, Rozga M, Sela DA, Seppo A, Williams JE, Young BE, McGuire MK. Ecologies, synergies, and biological systems shaping human milk composition-a report from "Breastmilk Ecology: Genesis of Infant Nutrition (BEGIN)" Working Group 2. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 117 Suppl 1:S28-S42. [PMID: 37173059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2022.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk is universally recognized as the preferred food for infants during the first 6 mo of life because it provides not only essential and conditionally essential nutrients in necessary amounts but also other biologically active components that are instrumental in protecting, communicating important information to support, and promoting optimal development and growth in infants. Despite decades of research, however, the multifaceted impacts of human milk consumption on infant health are far from understood on a biological or physiological basis. Reasons for this lack of comprehensive knowledge of human milk functions are numerous, including the fact that milk components tend to be studied in isolation, although there is reason to believe that they interact. In addition, milk composition can vary greatly within an individual as well as within and among populations. The objective of this working group within the Breastmilk Ecology: Genesis of Infant Nutrition (BEGIN) Project was to provide an overview of human milk composition, factors impacting its variation, and how its components may function to coordinately nourish, protect, and communicate complex information to the recipient infant. Moreover, we discuss the ways whereby milk components might interact such that the benefits of an intact milk matrix are greater than the sum of its parts. We then apply several examples to illustrate how milk is better thought of as a biological system rather than a more simplistic "mixture" of independent components to synergistically support optimal infant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer T Smilowitz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Foods for Health Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Lindsay H Allen
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - David C Dallas
- Nutrition Program, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - James McManaman
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Daniel J Raiten
- Pediatric Growth and Nutrition Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mary Rozga
- Evidence Analysis Center, Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David A Sela
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Antti Seppo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Janet E Williams
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Bridget E Young
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Michelle K McGuire
- Margaret Ritchie School of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA.
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Yang X, Jiang S, Deng X, Luo Z, Chen A, Yu R. Effects of Antioxidants in Human Milk on Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Prevention and Treatment: A Review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:924036. [PMID: 35923207 PMCID: PMC9340220 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.924036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a severe chronic lung illness that affects neonates, particularly premature infants. It has far-reaching consequences for infant health and their families due to intractable short- and long-term repercussions. Premature infant survival and long-term quality of life are severely harmed by BPD, which is characterized by alveolarization arrest and hypoplasia of pulmonary microvascular cells. BPD can be caused by various factors, with oxidative stress (OS) being the most common. Premature infants frequently require breathing support, which results in a hyperoxic environment in the developing lung and obstructs lung growth. OS can damage the lungs of infants by inducing cell death, inhibiting alveolarization, inducing inflammation, and impairing pulmonary angiogenesis. Therefore, antioxidant therapy for BPD relieves OS and lung injury in preterm newborns. Many antioxidants have been found in human milk, including superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione, vitamins, melatonin, short-chain fatty acids, and phytochemicals. Human milk oligosaccharides, milk fat globule membrane, and lactoferrin, all unique to human milk, also have antioxidant properties. Hence, human milk may help prevent OS injury and improve BPD prognosis in premature infants. In this review, we explored the role of OS in the pathophysiology of BPD and related signaling pathways. Furthermore, we examined antioxidants in human milk and how they could play a role in BPD to understand whether human milk could prevent and treat BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianpeng Yang
- Department of Neonatology, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shanyu Jiang
- Department of Neonatology, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xianhui Deng
- Department of Neonatology, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zichen Luo
- Department of Neonatology, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ailing Chen
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Ailing Chen
| | - Renqiang Yu
- Department of Neonatology, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Renqiang Yu
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5
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Budiono B, Pertami SB, Kasiati, Arifah SN, Atho'illah MF. Lactogenic effect of Polyscias scutellaria extract to maintain postpartum prolactin and oxytocin in lactating rats. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2022:100580. [PMID: 35753895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2022.100580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypogalactia remains a challenge for mother to complete exclusive breastfeeding. Shield aralia (Polysicias scutellaria) has been used by Indonesian society to increase breast milk production. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to elucidate the novel galactopoietic effect of P. scutellaria extract (PSE) in lactating rats for three weeks. MATERIALS AND METHODS PSE were assayed for total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant capacity. The secondary metabolites of PSE were determined by liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). After parturition, dams were randomly divided into four groups: lactating rats (LR) + distilled water (LRO), LR + Asifit, and LR + PSE at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight (BW). Virgin rats served as the control group. The treatments were given for 14 days. RESULTS There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in TPC, TFC, and antioxidant capacity among the three solvents. LC-HRMS revealed 22 compounds greater than 70 of the best-match, which were categorised as flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolic acids, and lignan. PSE increased the weight gain and survival rate of pups from our 3-week observation. Serum Prl was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in lactating rats treated with PSE 250 mg/kg BW at the first and third weeks than in the LRO group. Oxt serum was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in lactating rats treated with PSE (500 mg/kg BW) in the first and second weeks than in the LRO group. CONCLUSION PSE-rich polyphenols are promising galactopoietics by orchestrating Prl and Oxt and reducing the mortality of pups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Budiono Budiono
- Department of Nursing, Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Malang, Jl. Besar Ijen No. 77C, Malang 65119, East Java, Indonesia.
| | - Sumirah Budi Pertami
- Department of Nursing, Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Malang, Jl. Besar Ijen No. 77C, Malang 65119, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Kasiati
- Department of Nursing, Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Malang, Jl. Besar Ijen No. 77C, Malang 65119, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Siti Nur Arifah
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang No. 5, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Mochammad Fitri Atho'illah
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
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Nogueira JAV, Passos MC, Santos ACR, Falco TS, Breguez GS, Sanson AL, Gandra KMB, Bearzoti E, Santos EM, Parreiras PM, Menezes CC. Lipid stability and antioxidant activity of human milk after thermosonication and frozen storage. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.14050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Cristina Passos
- Department of Clinical and Social Nutrition Federal University of Ouro Preto Ouro Preto Brazil
| | | | - Thaís Silva Falco
- Department of Food Science Federal University of Ouro Preto Ouro Preto Brazil
| | | | - Ananda Lima Sanson
- Department of Chemistry Federal University of Ouro Preto Ouro Preto Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Bearzoti
- Department of Statistics Federal University of Ouro Preto Ouro Preto Brazil
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7
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Kitessa DA, Bacha K, Tola YB, Murimi M, Smith E, Gershe S. Nutritional compositions and bioactive compounds of “Shameta”, A traditional home made fermented porridge provided exclusively to lactating mothers in the western part of Ethiopia. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08990. [PMID: 35243103 PMCID: PMC8866073 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Kitessa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Wollega University, Shambu Campus, P.O. Box: 38, Shambu, Ethiopia
- Department of Postharvest Management, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, P.O. Box: 307, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Ketema Bacha
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, P.O. Box: 378, Ethiopia
| | - Yetenayet B. Tola
- Department of Postharvest Management, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, P.O. Box: 307, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Mary Murimi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Science, Texas Tech University, P.O. Box: 41270, Texas, USA
| | - Ernest Smith
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, P.O. Box: 41163, Texas, USA
| | - Soressa Gershe
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Science, Jimma University, P.O. Box: 378, Ethiopia
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Di Filippo P, Lizzi M, Raso M, Di Pillo S, Chiarelli F, Attanasi M. The Role of Breastfeeding on Respiratory Outcomes Later in Childhood. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:829414. [PMID: 35573946 PMCID: PMC9096137 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.829414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breastfeeding is associated with a lower risk of wheezing in early childhood, but its effect later in childhood remains unclear. We investigated the association of breastfeeding and respiratory outcomes in children aged 11 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed an observational longitudinal study including 110 prepubertal children. Information about breastfeeding duration, wheezing and asthma was collected by questionnaires. At 11 years of age, we measured spirometry parameters, lung volumes, diffusing lung capacity, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide. We used logistic and linear regression models to examine the associations of breastfeeding duration with the odds of asthma and lung function measures. All multivariable analyses were adjusted for sex, smoking during pregnancy, gestational age at birth, twins, and mode of delivery (confounder model). RESULTS Breastfeeding duration was associated with FEV1 z-score [β = 0.04, CI 95% (0.02-0.09)], FEF75 z-score [β = 0.06, CI 95% (0.03-0.09)] and FEV1/FVC z-score [β = 0.03, CI 95% (0.00-0.07)], but not with diffusing lung capacity and fractional exhaled nitric oxide. No association of breastfeeding duration with preschool wheezing, ever asthma and current asthma was documented. CONCLUSION We showed that children breastfed for longer time presented higher FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and FEF75 z-score values at 11 years of age compared to children breastfed for shorter time, suggesting a protective effect of breastfeeding on airways, and not on lung parenchyma (lung volumes and alveolar capillary membrane) or allergic airway inflammation. The positive effect of breastfeeding duration on lung function lays the foundation to promote breastfeeding more and more as effective preventive measure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mauro Lizzi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Marina Attanasi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
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Valls-Bellés V, Abad C, Hernández-Aguilar MT, Nacher A, Guerrero C, Baliño P, Romero FJ, Muriach M. Human Milk Antioxidative Modifications in Mastitis: Further Beneficial Effects of Cranberry Supplementation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010051. [PMID: 35052555 PMCID: PMC8772773 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is the inflammation of one or several mammal lobes which can be accompanied by a mammary gland infection, and is the leading cause of undesired early weaning in humans. However, little information exists regarding the changes that this disease may induce in the biochemical composition of human milk, especially in terms of oxidative status. Given that newborns are subject to a significant increase in total ROS burden in their transition to neonatal life and that their antioxidant defense system is not completely developed, the aim of this study was to evaluate antioxidant defense (glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH), total polyphenol content (TPP), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC)) in milk samples from mothers suffering from mastitis and controls. We also measured the oxidative damage to lipids (malondyaldehyde (MDA)) and proteins (carbonyl group content (CGC)) in these samples. Finally, we tested whether dietary supplementation with cranberries (a product rich in antioxidants) in these breastfeeding mothers during 21 days could improve the oxidative status of milk. GPx activity, TPP, and TAC were increased in milk samples from mastitis-affected women, providing a protective mechanism to the newborn drinking mastitis milk. MDA concentrations were diminished in the mastitis group, confirming this proposal. Some oxidative damage might occur in the mammary gland since the CGC was increased in mastitis milk. Cranberries supplementation seems to strengthen the antioxidant system, further improving the antioxidative state of milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Valls-Bellés
- Unitat Predepartamental de Medicina, Facultat de Ciencies de la Salud, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellon de la Plana, Spain; (V.V.-B.); (C.A.); (M.T.H.-A.); (A.N.); (C.G.); (P.B.)
| | - Cristina Abad
- Unitat Predepartamental de Medicina, Facultat de Ciencies de la Salud, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellon de la Plana, Spain; (V.V.-B.); (C.A.); (M.T.H.-A.); (A.N.); (C.G.); (P.B.)
| | - María Teresa Hernández-Aguilar
- Unitat Predepartamental de Medicina, Facultat de Ciencies de la Salud, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellon de la Plana, Spain; (V.V.-B.); (C.A.); (M.T.H.-A.); (A.N.); (C.G.); (P.B.)
| | - Amalia Nacher
- Unitat Predepartamental de Medicina, Facultat de Ciencies de la Salud, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellon de la Plana, Spain; (V.V.-B.); (C.A.); (M.T.H.-A.); (A.N.); (C.G.); (P.B.)
| | - Carlos Guerrero
- Unitat Predepartamental de Medicina, Facultat de Ciencies de la Salud, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellon de la Plana, Spain; (V.V.-B.); (C.A.); (M.T.H.-A.); (A.N.); (C.G.); (P.B.)
| | - Pablo Baliño
- Unitat Predepartamental de Medicina, Facultat de Ciencies de la Salud, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellon de la Plana, Spain; (V.V.-B.); (C.A.); (M.T.H.-A.); (A.N.); (C.G.); (P.B.)
| | - Francisco J. Romero
- Hospital General de Requena, Conselleria de Sanitat, Generalitat Valenciana, 46340 Requena, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.J.R.); (M.M.)
| | - María Muriach
- Unitat Predepartamental de Medicina, Facultat de Ciencies de la Salud, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellon de la Plana, Spain; (V.V.-B.); (C.A.); (M.T.H.-A.); (A.N.); (C.G.); (P.B.)
- Correspondence: (F.J.R.); (M.M.)
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10
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Lu Z, Chan YT, Lo KKH, Wong VWS, Ng YF, Li SY, Ho WW, Wong MS, Zhao D. Levels of polyphenols and phenolic metabolites in breast milk and their association with plant-based food intake in Hong Kong lactating women. Food Funct 2021; 12:12683-12695. [PMID: 34825914 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02529e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dietary polyphenols are phytonutrients exhibiting multiple health benefits in humans including those in infants. However, data on breast milk (poly)phenolic composition are limited, especially among Asian populations. This study aimed to assess the levels of dietary polyphenols and their microbial-derived metabolites in the breast milk of Hong Kong lactating women, and how maternal diet correlated with the phenolic composition in breast milk. Breast milk samples from 89 healthy Hong Kong lactating women (aged 19-40 years) were collected. Maternal intake of plant-based foods and polyphenols was estimated through 3-day dietary records and the Phenol-Explorer database. Twelve commonly consumed polyphenols including their microbial-derived metabolites in breast milk were quantified using an optimized and validated UHPLC-MS/MS method. The effect of maternal intake on breast milk phenolic levels was then examined via the Pearson correlation test. The mean concentrations of individual phenolic compounds ranged from 5.1 nmol L-1 (chlorogenic acid) to 731.5 nmol L-1 (3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid). Despite suboptimal intake of fruits and vegetables among our participants, breast milk phenolic levels were comparable to those of foreign populations. Significant correlations were found between dietary intake and multiple phenolics, particularly legume and daidzein (r = 0.33, P = 0.001), and tea and epicatechin (r = 0.30, P = 0.03). Regarding phenolic metabolites, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid was significantly correlated with several polyphenols, particularly quercetin (r = 0.34, P = 0.002), and equol was exclusively correlated with daidzein (r = 0.46, P < 0.001). Our findings support that intake of plant-based foods significantly affects breast milk phenolic composition. Future investigation on the bioavailability and health outcomes in infants is warranted to substantiate the transferability of these bioactive phytonutrients from mother to child through lactation, and to promote maternal intake of polyphenol-rich foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Lu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yat-Tin Chan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kenneth Ka-Hei Lo
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
- Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vincy Wing-Si Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yuk-Fan Ng
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Shi-Ying Li
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
- Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing-Wa Ho
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Man-Sau Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
- Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Danyue Zhao
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
- Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
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Sibeko L, Johns T, Cordeiro LS. Traditional plant use during lactation and postpartum recovery: Infant development and maternal health roles. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 279:114377. [PMID: 34192598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Evidence of phytochemical roles in infant development and maternal recovery offers insights into beneficial functions of traditional plant use during lactation and the postpartum period. Ethnopharmacological research has relevance to global priorities on maternal and child health, to understanding origins and determinants of human self-medication, and for reconciling traditional postpartum practices and mainstream healthcare. AIM OF THE STUDY Present emerging evidence, within evolutionary and socio-cultural contexts, on the role of maternal consumption on transfer of phytochemicals into breast milk with impacts on maternal and child health, and on infant development. Establish current state of knowledge and an ethnopharmacological research agenda that is attentive to cross-cultural and regional differences in postpartum plant use. MATERIALS AND METHODS An extensive literature review using Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science focused on traditional and contemporary use and socio-cultural context, as well as physiological, pharmacological, toxicological, and behavioral activities of plants used medicinally by women during postpartum recovery and lactation. RESULTS The most widely reported postpartum plants show antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, immunological, and neurophysiological activities, with low toxicity. Phytochemicals transfer from maternal consumption into breast milk in physiological concentrations, while animal studies demonstrate immunomodulation and other actions of medicinal plants during lactation. Reporting on the use and diverse traditional knowledge of women about plants during the postpartum period is obscured by the marginal place of obstetric issues and by gender biases in ethnobotanical research. In many contemporary contexts use is prejudiced by precautionary risk warnings in health literature and practice that confound lactation with pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Although systematic investigation of postpartum plant use is lacking, known pharmacological activities support potential benefits on infant development and maternal health with immediate and long-term consequences in relation to allergic, inflammatory, autoimmune, and other diseases. An ethnopharmacological agenda focused on the perinatal period requires directed methodologies and a regional approach in relation to culturally-specific knowledge and practices, traditional plant use, and local health needs. Testing the hypothesis that phytochemicals transferred from medicinal plants into breast milk impact the human immune system and other aspects of infant development requires extended analysis of phytochemicals in human milk and infant lumen and plasma, as well as effects on gastrointestinal and milk microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindiwe Sibeko
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Timothy Johns
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Lorraine S Cordeiro
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
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Pinheiro JMF, Flor TBM, de Araújo MGG, Xavier AMSF, da Mata AMB, Pires VCDC, de Oliveira LIC, de Andrade FB. Feeding practices and early weaning in the neonatal period: a cohort study. Rev Saude Publica 2021; 55:63. [PMID: 34706039 PMCID: PMC8522712 DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2021055003248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe feeding practices and the risk factors for the mixed breastfeeding and early weaning in the neonatal period. METHODS Cohort study, which we collected socioeconomic, demographic, health care and feeding data from 415 mother/child binomials born in four public maternity hospitals in Natal/Brazil. They were followed-up at 48 hours, 7 and 28 days after birth. The association was established using Pearson's Chi-square test and Poisson's regression, after adjusting it to other variables. RESULTS The prevalence of mixed breastfeeding in the first 2 days was 47,2% and early weaning in 7 and 28 days was 8,4% and 16,2% in that order. The main reasons for mixed breastfeeding and early weaning were: colostrum deficiency (33.8%), difficulty in latching/sucking (23.5%) and "little milk" (70.0%). The use of formula/milk/porridge remained associated with maternal age ≤ 20 years (RR = 0.64; 95%CI: 0.47-0.86), age 20-29 years (RR = 0,70; 95%CI: 0,57-0,87), primiparity (RR = 1.37; 95%CI: 1.11-1.60) and cesarean delivery (RR = 1.20; 95%CI: 1.00-1.45) at 2 days; absence of paternal support (RR = 4.98; 95%CI: 2.54-9.79) and pacifier use (RR = 3.21; 95%CI: 1.63-6.32) at 7 days; and only pacifier use (RR = 2.48; 95%CI: 1.53-4.02) at 28 days. CONCLUSIONS Early weaning was associated with maternal and health care factors, thus suggesting the need to readjust good practices and educational actions to achieve the exclusive offer to the maternal breast in the neonatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josilene Maria Ferreira Pinheiro
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do NortePrograma de Pós-Graduação em Saúde ColetivaNatalRNBrasilUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva. Natal, RN, Brasil
| | - Taiana Brito Menêzes Flor
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do NortePrograma de Pós-Graduação em Saúde ColetivaNatalRNBrasilUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva. Natal, RN, Brasil
| | - Mayara Gabrielly Germano de Araújo
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do NorteHospital Universitário Onofre LopesNatalRNBrasilUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes. Natal, RN, Brasil
| | - Ana Márcia Soares Fernandes Xavier
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do NorteHospital Universitário Onofre LopesNatalRNBrasilUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes. Natal, RN, Brasil
| | - Amanda Michelly Braga da Mata
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do NorteHospital Universitário Onofre LopesNatalRNBrasilUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes. Natal, RN, Brasil
| | - Vanessa Cristina da Costa Pires
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do NorteHospital Universitário Onofre LopesNatalRNBrasilUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes. Natal, RN, Brasil
| | - Luana Isabelly Carneiro de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do NorteNatalRNBrasilUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Curso de Graduação em Nutrição. Natal, RN, Brasil
| | - Fábia Barbosa de Andrade
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do NortePrograma de Pós-Graduação em Saúde ColetivaNatalRNBrasilUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva. Natal, RN, Brasil
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Mukonowenzou NC, Adeshina KA, Donaldson J, Ibrahim KG, Usman D, Erlwanger KH. Medicinal Plants, Phytochemicals, and Their Impacts on the Maturation of the Gastrointestinal Tract. Front Physiol 2021; 12:684464. [PMID: 34393812 PMCID: PMC8363294 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.684464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is the first point of contact for ingested substances and thus represents a direct interface with the external environment. Apart from food processing, this interface plays a significant role in immunity and contributes to the wellbeing of individuals through the brain-gut-microbiota axis. The transition of life from the in utero environment, to suckling and subsequent weaning has to be matched by phased development and maturation of the GIT; from an amniotic fluid occupancy during gestation, to the milk in the suckling state and ultimately solid food ingestion at weaning. This phased maturation of the GIT can be affected by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including diet. Despite the increasing dietary inclusion of medicinal plants and phytochemicals for health benefits, a dearth of studies addresses their impact on gut maturation. In this review we focus on some recent findings mainly on the positive impact of medicinal plants and phytochemicals in inducing precocious maturation of the GIT, not only in humans but in pertinent animals. We also discuss Paneth cells as mediators and potential markers of GIT maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kehinde Ahmad Adeshina
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Janine Donaldson
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kasimu Ghandi Ibrahim
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Dawoud Usman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Kennedy Honey Erlwanger
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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De Santis S, Scarano A, Liso M, Calabrese FM, Verna G, Cavalcanti E, Sila A, Lippolis A, De Angelis M, Santino A, Chieppa M. Polyphenol Enriched Diet Administration During Pregnancy and Lactation Prevents Dysbiosis in Ulcerative Colitis Predisposed Littermates. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:622327. [PMID: 34178715 PMCID: PMC8221423 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.622327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal colonization of the gastrointestinal tract depends on mother microbiome, thus mother microbiota dysbiosis is transmitted to the offspring during the delivery and shaped by breastmilk characteristics. Here we used a murine model of UC predisposition (Winnie-/-) to evaluate the effects of maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation. Using heterozygous breeders, we obtained both Winnie-/- and C57BL/6 littermates from the same mother and compared their microbiota at weaning and adult age, using a diet enriched with 1% tomato fruit of a line – named Bronze – highly enriched in bioactive polyphenols, or Control tomato. Females received enriched diets two weeks before the beginning of the breeding and never stopped for the following six months. No significant effect was observed in regard to the percentage of Winnie-/- offspring, as with both diets the percentage was about 25% as expected. Winnie littermates from breeders fed with the Bronze-enriched diet showed reduced dysbiosis at 4 weeks of age if compared with Winnie under the Control tomato diet. This effect was then reduced when mice reached adult age. Conversely, the microbiota of C57BL/6 does not change significantly, indicating that fortified mothers-diet significantly contribute to preventing dysbiosis in genetically predisposed offspring, but has mild effects on healthy littermates and adult mice. An overall tendency towards reduced inflammation was underlined by the colon weight and the percentage of Foxp3+ cells reduction in Winnie mice fed with Bronze diet. Control diet did not show similar tendency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania De Santis
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Aurelia Scarano
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production National Research Council (CNR), Unit of Lecce, Lecce, Italy
| | - Marina Liso
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | | | - Giulio Verna
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Cavalcanti
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Annamaria Sila
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Antonio Lippolis
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Santino
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production National Research Council (CNR), Unit of Lecce, Lecce, Italy
| | - Marcello Chieppa
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Italy
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Sibeko L, Johns T. Global survey of medicinal plants during lactation and postpartum recovery: Evolutionary perspectives and contemporary health implications. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 270:113812. [PMID: 33450288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cross-cultural comparison of plants used during lactation and the postpartum period offers insight into a largely overlooked area of ethnopharmacological research. Potential roles of phytochemicals in emerging models of interaction among immunity, inflammation, microbiome and nervous system effects on perinatal development have relevance for the life-long health of individuals and of populations in both traditional and contemporary contexts. AIM OF THE STUDY Delineate and interpret patterns of traditional and contemporary global use of medicinal plants ingested by mothers during the postpartum period relative to phytochemical activity on immune development and gastrointestinal microbiome of breastfed infants, and on maternal health. MATERIALS AND METHODS Published reviews and surveys on galactagogues and postpartum recovery practices plus ethnobotanical studies from around the world were used to identify and rank plants, and ascertain regional use patterns. Scientific literature for 20 most-cited plants based on frequency of publication was assessed for antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antidepressant, analgesic, galactagogic and safety properties. RESULTS From compilation of 4418 use reports related to 1948 species, 105 plant taxa were recorded ≥7 times, with the most frequently cited species, Foeniculum vulgare, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Pimpinella anisum, Euphorbia hirta and Asparagus racemosus, 81, 64, 42, 40 and 38 times, respectively. Species and use vary globally, illustrated by the pattern of aromatic plants of culinary importance versus latex-producing plants utilized in North Africa/Middle East and Sub-Saharan Africa with opposing predominance. For 18/20 of the plants a risk/benefit perspective supports assessment that positive immunomodulation and related potential exceed any safety concerns. Published evidence does not support a lactation-enhancing effect for nearly all the most-cited plants while antidepressant data for the majority of plants are predominately limited to animal studies. CONCLUSIONS Within a biocultural context traditional postpartum plant use serves adaptive functions for the mother-infant dyad and contributes phytochemicals absent in most contemporary diets and patterns of ingestion, with potential impacts on allergic, inflammatory and other conditions. Polyphenolics and other phytochemicals are widely immunologically active, present in breast milk and predominately non-toxic. Systematic analysis of phytochemicals in human milk, infant lumen and plasma, and immunomodulatory studies that differentiate maternal ingestion during lactation from pregnancy, are needed. Potential herb-drug interaction and other adverse effects should remain central to obstetric advising, but unless a plant is specifically shown as harmful, considering potential contributions to health of individuals and populations, blanket advisories against postpartum herbal use during lactation appear empirically unwarranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindiwe Sibeko
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Timothy Johns
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada.
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16
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Ríos J, Valero-Jara V, Thomas-Valdés S. Phytochemicals in breast milk and their benefits for infants. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:6821-6836. [PMID: 33792429 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1906627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Exclusive breastfeeding is widely recommended at least during the first 6 months of life and breast milk (BM) composition depends on maternal diet. Phytochemicals, including polyphenols and carotenoids, are recognized by their powerful antioxidant activities being present in BM. This review provides an overview of BM composition with respect to polyphenols and carotenoids evaluating its possible benefits for the infant. Polyphenols do not have any body deposit and their content in BM depends on regular dietary intake from mothers and bioavailability of them, while carotenoids content in BM changed depending on factors including stages of breastfeeding, maternal diet and maternal health status. Preeclampsia, overweight or obesity are conditions able to reduce polyphenols and carotenoids in BM by using them as antioxidants. For both polyphenols and carotenoids, the supplementation slightly enhances their BM content. Few studies have shown the presence of phytochemicals in infant plasma and still remains unclear the benefits that polyphenols and carotenoids provide for development of infants. Further studies using long-term, randomized and controlled designs are necessary to determine the relation between carotenoids, polyphenols and its potential benefits for early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Ríos
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Viviana Valero-Jara
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias e Ingeniería para la Salud, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Samanta Thomas-Valdés
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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The Gut‒Breast Axis: Programming Health for Life. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020606. [PMID: 33673254 PMCID: PMC7917897 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut is a pivotal organ in health and disease. The events that take place in the gut during early life contribute to the programming, shaping and tuning of distant organs, having lifelong consequences. In this context, the maternal gut plays a quintessence in programming the mammary gland to face the nutritional, microbiological, immunological, and neuroendocrine requirements of the growing infant. Subsequently, human colostrum and milk provides the infant with an impressive array of nutrients and bioactive components, including microbes, immune cells, and stem cells. Therefore, the axis linking the maternal gut, the breast, and the infant gut seems crucial for a correct infant growth and development. The aim of this article is not to perform a systematic review of the human milk components but to provide an insight of their extremely complex interactions, which render human milk a unique functional food and explain why this biological fluid still truly remains as a scientific enigma.
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The Triad Mother-Breast Milk-Infant as Predictor of Future Health: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020486. [PMID: 33540672 PMCID: PMC7913039 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The benefits of human milk for both mother and infant are widely acknowledged. Human milk could represent a link between maternal and offspring health. The triad mother-breast milk-infant is an interconnected system in which maternal diet and lifestyle might have effects on infant's health outcome. This link could be in part explained by epigenetics, even if the underlining mechanisms have not been fully clarified yet. The aim of this paper is to update the association between maternal diet and human milk, pointing out how maternal diet and lifestyle could be associated with breast-milk composition, hence with offspring's health outcome.
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Sánchez-Hernández S, Esteban-Muñoz A, Samaniego-Sánchez C, Giménez-Martínez R, Miralles B, Olalla-Herrera M. Study of the phenolic compound profile and antioxidant activity of human milk from Spanish women at different stages of lactation: A comparison with infant formulas. Food Res Int 2021; 141:110149. [PMID: 33642015 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human milk (HM) has been proven to have important and essential antioxidant properties to counteract infant susceptibility to oxidative stress. Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites which come from plants and are potent natural antioxidants. The ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method used in the present study allowed the quantification of 26 phenolic compounds (ten hydroxybenzoic acids, seven hydroxycinnamic acids, four flavonoids, three hydroxybenzaldehydes and two other polyphenols) in HM samples at different stages of lactation (colostrum, transitional milk and mature milk) and infant formulas (IF). Many of the phenolic compounds identified have been reported to be present in HM for the first time. The total phenolic compound content (TPC) was quantified using the Folin assay and the antioxidant activity (AC) was evaluated with the DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays. Significant differences were evidenced between HM and IF. HM from mothers with an adherence to a Mediterranean diet contained twice as many individual phenolic compounds as infant formulas, with a higher proportion of hydroxybenzoic acids. Conversely, IF showed a higher proportion of hydroxycinnamic acids. Overall, the antioxidant activity of HM showed small variations during lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Sánchez-Hernández
- Departament of Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, s.n., 18071 Granada, Spain; Ph.D. Programme in Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Adelaida Esteban-Muñoz
- Departament of Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, s.n., 18071 Granada, Spain; Ph.D. Programme in Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Spain.
| | - Cristina Samaniego-Sánchez
- Departament of Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, s.n., 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Rafael Giménez-Martínez
- Departament of Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, s.n., 18071 Granada, Spain; Institute of Biosanitary Research ibs. University of Granada, Av. del Conocimiento, s/n., 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Beatriz Miralles
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC.UAM, Calle Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Olalla-Herrera
- Departament of Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, s.n., 18071 Granada, Spain; Institute of Biosanitary Research ibs. University of Granada, Av. del Conocimiento, s/n., 18016 Granada, Spain
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Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Properties of Banana Inflorescence in a Beverage for Maternal Breastfeeding. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app11010343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Banana inflorescence is consumed as a traditional Thai cuisine for milk lactation in maternal breastfeeding. In this study, the inflorescence of banana (Musa x paradisiaca) was extracted in various solvents to determine the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity in 2,2′-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging. A suitable extract was developed into a beverage. We compared the results for the amount of total phenolic compounds and the capability of antioxidants obtained in polar and non-polar solvents. The extract in a high-polarity solvent demonstrated high total phenolic compounds and flavonoids. The bioactive compounds of banana inflorescence contained β- sitosterol, flavonoids, saponin, and other phenolic compounds such as catechin and isoquercetin. The aqueous extract of banana inflorescence was developed to act as a primary beverage ingredient. The beverage containing the aqueous extract of banana inflorescence (BAB) exhibited a brownish-yellow color and displayed high acidity and high total phenolic compounds, which are responsible for the antioxidant activity. The food processing of BAB showed no contamination of microbial pathogens. From our results, we concluded that banana inflorescence is a beneficial health food supplement for general consumers. Additionally, the beverage provides convenience and an alternative drink for postpartum mothers who breastfeed for their infants.
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Jendras G, Monizi M, Neinhuis C, Lautenschläger T. Plants, food and treatments used by BaKongo tribes in Uíge (northern Angola) to affect the quality and quantity of human breast milk. Int Breastfeed J 2020; 15:88. [PMID: 33097071 PMCID: PMC7583195 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-020-00329-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Angola has one of the highest annual under-five mortality rates in in the world and malnutrition poses a severe problem in the country. This study is the first to focus on the traditional knowledge of plants, foods, and treatments used by the local population in the province of Uíge to affect the quality and quantity of human breast milk, since decades of independence and civil war impeded ethnobotanical studies in this area. Methods This study was conducted in eight municipalities in the province of Uíge, Northern Angola in February and March 2018. In 265 semi-structured interviews, 360 informants in 40 rural villages were asked about plants, food, and treatments used to affect the quality and quantity of human breast milk. Additionally, information on child mortality and the duration of breastfeeding were collected. Whenever possible, plant specimens were collected for later identification. To determine the local importance of the collected plants, food, and treatments, the Relative Frequency of Citations was calculated. Results Most women reported to have no problems with their breast milk production. The duration of breastfeeding meets the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO). Across all use categories, 69 plants from 36 plant families, and 21 other foods and treatments could be identified. Conclusions The study shows an overview of a variety of plants, foods, and treatments used by mothers as galactagogues, to “clean” or to reduce their breast milk and those which they avoided to use during the lactation period. There is great potential for further research into this traditional knowledge. Also, further analysis of some of the plants could be of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gesine Jendras
- Department of Biology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mawunu Monizi
- University of Kimpa Vita, Province of Uíge, Rua Henrique Freitas No. 1, Bairro Popular, Uíge, Angola
| | - Christoph Neinhuis
- Department of Biology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thea Lautenschläger
- Department of Biology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
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Zielinska MA, Hamulka J. Protective Effect of Breastfeeding on the Adverse Health Effects Induced by Air Pollution: Current Evidence and Possible Mechanisms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E4181. [PMID: 31671856 PMCID: PMC6862650 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16214181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is a major social, economic, and health problem around the world. Children are particularly susceptible to the negative effects of air pollution due to their immaturity and excessive growth and development. The aims of this narrative review were to: (1) summarize evidence about the protective effects of breastfeeding on the adverse health effects of air pollution exposure, (2) define and describe the potential mechanisms underlying the protective effects of breastfeeding, and (3) examine the potential effects of air pollution on breastmilk composition and lactation. A literature search was conducted using electronic databases. Existing evidence suggests that breastfeeding has a protective effect on adverse outcomes of indoor and outdoor air pollution exposure in respiratory (infections, lung function, asthma symptoms) and immune (allergic, nervous and cardiovascular) systems, as well as under-five mortality in both developing and developed countries. However, some studies reported no protective effect of breastfeeding or even negative effects of breastfeeding for under-five mortality. Several possible mechanisms of the breastfeeding protective effect were proposed, including the beneficial influence of breastfeeding on immune, respiratory, and nervous systems, which are related to the immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and neuroprotective properties of breastmilk. Breastmilk components responsible for its protective effect against air pollutants exposure may be long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC PUFA), antioxidant vitamins, carotenoids, flavonoids, immunoglobins, and cytokines, some of which have concentrations that are diet-dependent. However, maternal exposure to air pollution is related to increased breastmilk concentrations of pollutants (e.g., Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) or heavy metals in particulate matter (PM)). Nonetheless, environmental studies have confirmed that breastmilk's protective effects outweigh its potential health risk to the infant. Mothers should be encouraged and supported to breastfeed their infants due to its unique health benefits, as well as its limited ecological footprint, which is associated with decreased waste production and the emission of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika A Zielinska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jadwiga Hamulka
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
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Lipid Profile, Lipase Bioactivity, and Lipophilic Antioxidant Content in High Pressure Processed Donor Human Milk. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11091972. [PMID: 31438647 PMCID: PMC6770840 DOI: 10.3390/nu11091972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk fat plays an essential role as the source of energy and cell function regulator; therefore, the preservation of unique human milk donors’ lipid composition is of fundamental importance. To compare the effects of high pressure processing (HPP) and holder pasteurization on lipidome, human milk was processed at 62.5 °C for 30 min and at five variants of HPP from 450 MPa to 600 MPa, respectively. Lipase activity was estimated with QuantiChrom™ assay. Fatty acid composition was determined with the gas chromatographic technique, and free fatty acids content by titration with 0.1 M KOH. The positional distribution of fatty acid in triacylglycerols was performed. The oxidative induction time was obtained from the pressure differential scanning calorimetry. Carotenoids in human milk were measured by liquid chromatography. Bile salt stimulated lipase was completely eliminated by holder pasteurization, decreased at 600 MPa, and remained intact at 200 + 400 MPa; 450 MPa. The fatty acid composition and structure of human milk fat triacylglycerols were unchanged. The lipids of human milk after holder pasteurization had the lowest content of free fatty acids and the shortest induction time compared with samples after HPP. HPP slightly changed the β-carotene and lycopene levels, whereas the lutein level was decreased by 40.0% up to 60.2%, compared with 15.8% after the holder pasteurization.
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Zielinska MA, Hamulka J, Wesolowska A. Carotenoid Content in Breastmilk in the 3rd and 6th Month of Lactation and Its Associations with Maternal Dietary Intake and Anthropometric Characteristics. Nutrients 2019; 11:E193. [PMID: 30669320 PMCID: PMC6356523 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are diet-dependent milk components that are important for the visual and cognitive development of an infant. This study determined β-carotene, lycopene and lutein + zeaxanthin in breastmilk and its associations with dietary intake from healthy Polish mothers in the first six months of lactation. Concentrations of carotenoids in breastmilk were measured by HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) (first, third, sixth month of lactation) and dietary intake was assessed based on a three-day dietary record (third and sixth month of lactation). The average age of participants (n = 53) was 31.4 ± 3.8 years. The breastmilk concentrations of carotenoids were not changed over the progress of lactation. Lycopene was a carotenoid with the highest content in breastmilk (first month 112.2 (95% CI 106.1⁻118.3)-sixth month 110.1 (103.9⁻116.3) nmol/L) and maternal diet (third month 7897.3 (5465.2⁻10329.5) and sixth month 7255.8 (5037.5⁻9474.1) µg/day). There was a positive correlation between carotenoids in breastmilk and dietary intake (lycopene r = 0.374, r = 0.338; lutein + zeaxanthin r = 0.711, r = 0.726, 3rd and 6th month, respectively) and an inverse correlation with maternal BMI in the third month of lactation (β-carotene: r = -0.248, lycopene: r = -0.286, lutein + zeaxanthin: r = -0.355). Adjusted multivariate regression models confirmed an association between lutein + zeaxanthin intake and its concentration in breastmilk (third month: β = 0.730 (0.516⁻0.943); 6th: β = 0.644 (0.448⁻0.840)). Due to the positive associations between dietary intake and breastmilk concentrations, breastfeeding mothers should have a diet that is abundant in carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika A Zielinska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jadwiga Hamulka
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Wesolowska
- Laboratory of Human Milk and Lactation Research at Regional Human Milk Bank in Holy Family Hospital, Department of Neonatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 63A Zwirki i Wigury St., 02-091 Warsaw, Poland.
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