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Schmidt V, Skokan R, Depaepe T, Kurtović K, Haluška S, Vosolsobě S, Vaculíková R, Pil A, Dobrev PI, Motyka V, Van Der Straeten D, Petrášek J. Phytohormone profiling in an evolutionary framework. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3875. [PMID: 38719800 PMCID: PMC11079000 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47753-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The genomes of charophyte green algae, close relatives of land plants, typically do not show signs of developmental regulation by phytohormones. However, scattered reports of endogenous phytohormone production in these organisms exist. We performed a comprehensive analysis of multiple phytohormones in Viridiplantae, focusing mainly on charophytes. We show that auxin, salicylic acid, ethylene and tRNA-derived cytokinins including cis-zeatin are found ubiquitously in Viridiplantae. By contrast, land plants but not green algae contain the trans-zeatin type cytokinins as well as auxin and cytokinin conjugates. Charophytes occasionally produce jasmonates and abscisic acid, whereas the latter is detected consistently in land plants. Several phytohormones are excreted into the culture medium, including auxin by charophytes and cytokinins and salicylic acid by Viridiplantae in general. We note that the conservation of phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling pathways known from angiosperms does not match the capacity for phytohormone biosynthesis in Viridiplantae. Our phylogenetically guided analysis of established algal cultures provides an important insight into phytohormone biosynthesis and metabolism across Streptophyta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtěch Schmidt
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Prague 6, Czechia
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44, Prague 2, Czechia
| | - Roman Skokan
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Prague 6, Czechia.
| | - Thomas Depaepe
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katarina Kurtović
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44, Prague 2, Czechia
| | - Samuel Haluška
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Prague 6, Czechia
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44, Prague 2, Czechia
| | - Stanislav Vosolsobě
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44, Prague 2, Czechia
| | - Roberta Vaculíková
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Prague 6, Czechia
| | - Anthony Pil
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Petre Ivanov Dobrev
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Prague 6, Czechia
| | - Václav Motyka
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Prague 6, Czechia
| | - Dominique Van Der Straeten
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Petrášek
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Prague 6, Czechia.
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44, Prague 2, Czechia.
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Yamashita K, Hanaki R, Mori A, Suzuki K, Tomo T, Tokunaga E. Reddening of the Unicellular Green Alga Euglena gracilis by Dried Bonito Stock and Intense Red Light Irradiation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:510. [PMID: 38498509 PMCID: PMC10892402 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
This study confirms for the first time that the significant red coloration of Euglena gracilis is induced by bonito stock (BS), a traditional Japanese food, and intense red light exposure (605~660 nm, 1000~1300 µmol photons/m2/s). Under the condition, excessive photosynthetic activity destroyed many chloroplasts, while carotenoids were maintained, resulting in the formation of reddened cells. The HPLC analysis revealed that diadinoxanthin was the primary carotenoid present in reddened cells. Additionally, an undefined xanthophyll, not produced under normal culture conditions, was synthesized and suggested to contain a C=O bond. While it has been reported that strong light stress can increase the total carotenoid content of cells, this study did not verify this claim, and it should be investigated further in future research. Under white light irradiation conditions (90 μmol photons/m2/s) in BS medium, no reddening of cells was observed, and good growth was achieved (over four times the cell density in CM medium on the seventh day). This cell suspension is considered to have a high nutritional value because it is composed of functional food, BS and E. gracilis. The fact that this method does not involve genetic modification suggests the possibility of industrial applications, including food use, even in reddened cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Yamashita
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science Division I, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan (E.T.)
| | - Ryusei Hanaki
- Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Ayaka Mori
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science Division I, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan (E.T.)
| | - Kengo Suzuki
- Euglena Co., Ltd., 1-6, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tomo
- Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Eiji Tokunaga
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science Division I, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan (E.T.)
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3
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Sun H, Wang J, Li Y, Yang S, Chen DD, Tu Y, Liu J, Sun Z. Synthetic biology in microalgae towards fucoxanthin production for pharmacy and nutraceuticals. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 220:115958. [PMID: 38052271 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic biology has emerged as a powerful tool for engineering biological systems to produce valuable compounds, including pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. Microalgae, in particular, offer a promising platform for the production of bioactive compounds due to their high productivity, low land and water requirements, and ability to perform photosynthesis. Fucoxanthin, a carotenoid pigment found predominantly in brown seaweeds and certain microalgae, has gained significant attention in recent years due to its numerous health benefits, such as antioxidation, antitumor effect and precaution osteoporosis. This review provides an overview of the principles and applications of synthetic biology in the microbial engineering of microalgae for enhanced fucoxanthin production. Firstly, the fucoxanthin bioavailability and metabolism in vivo was introduced for the beneficial roles, followed by the biological functions of anti-oxidant activity, anti-inflammatory activity, antiapoptotic role antidiabetic and antilipemic effects. Secondly, the cultivation condition and strategy were summarized for fucoxanthin improvement with low production costs. Thirdly, the genetic engineering of microalgae, including gene overexpression, knockdown and knockout strategies were discussed for further improving the fucoxanthin production. Then, synthetic biology tools of CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, transcription activator-like effector nucleases as well as modular assembly and chassis engineering were proposed to precise modification of microalgal genomes to improve fucoxanthin production. Finally, challenges and future perspectives were discussed to realize the industrial production and development of functional foods of fucoxanthin from microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Sun
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology; Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jia Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yuelian Li
- China National Chemical Information Center, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Shufang Yang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | | | - Yidong Tu
- Technology Center, Shanghai Inoherb Co. Ltd, 121 Chengyin Road, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Algae Innovation Center for Engineering Research, School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology; Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Marine Biomedical Science and Technology Innovation Platform of Lin-gang Special Area, Shanghai 201306, China.
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4
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Seyedi FS, Nafchi MG, Reezi S. Effects of light spectra on morphological characteristics, primary and specialized metabolites of Thymus vulgaris L. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23032. [PMID: 38148820 PMCID: PMC10750077 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Light is a crucial environmental factor that profoundly influences the growth and development of plants. However, the precise mechanisms by which light affects biochemical processes and growth and development factors in Thymus vulgaris remain unknown, necessitating further investigation. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the impact of different light spectra, including red, blue, red-blue, and white lights, on the morphological characteristics, primary, and specialized metabolites of T. vulgaris. Compared to white light, red light significantly increased leaf area (by 64 %), the number of branches (by 132 %), and dry weight (by 6.2 %), although a 40 % reduction in fresh weight was observed under red light conditions. Red-blue light notably enhanced canopy width, fresh weight, and dry weight. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis of the plant's essential oil (EO) revealed that p-Cymene and γ-Terpinene were present at the highest levels. Notably, p-Cymene exhibited the highest concentrations under white light and blue light treatments, reaching 60.92 % and 59.53 %, respectively. Moreover, under the same light conditions, phenol and antioxidant levels were significantly elevated. Overall, these findings indicate that red and red-blue light spectra are the most favorable for thyme production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forouh Sadat Seyedi
- Department of Horticulture Science, College of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ghasemi Nafchi
- Department of Horticulture Science, College of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Iran
| | - Saeed Reezi
- Department of Horticulture Science, College of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Iran
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Tripathi G, Dubey P, Ahmad S, Farooqui A, Mishra V. Role of Algal-derived Bioactive Compounds in Human Health. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2024; 18:190-209. [PMID: 37537776 DOI: 10.2174/1872208317666230623141740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Algae is emerging as a bioresource with high biological potential. Various algal strains have been used in traditional medicines and human diets worldwide. They are a rich source of bioactive compounds like ascorbic acid, riboflavin, pantothenate, biotin, folic acid, nicotinic acid, phycocyanins, gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), adrenic acid (ARA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), etc. Beta-carotene, astaxanthin, and phycobiliproteins are different classes of pigments that are found in algae. They possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. The sulfur-coated polysaccharides in algae have been used as an anticancer, antibacterial, and antiviral agent. Scientists have exploited algal-derived bioactive compounds for developing lead molecules against several diseases. Due to the surge in research on bioactive molecules from algae, industries have started showing interest in patenting for the large-scale production of bioactive compounds having applications in sectors like pharmaceuticals, food, and beverage. In the food industry, algae are used as a thickening, gelling, and stabilizing agent. Due to their gelling and thickening characteristics, the most valuable algae products are macroalgal polysaccharides such as agar, alginates, and carrageenan. The high protein, lipid, and nutrient content in microalgae makes it a superfood for aquaculture. The present review aims at describing various non-energy-based applications of algae in pharmaceuticals, food and beverage, cosmetics, and nutraceuticals. This review attempts to analyze information on algal-derived drugs that have shown better potential and reached clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyanendra Tripathi
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226026, India
| | - Priyanka Dubey
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226026, India
| | - Suhail Ahmad
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226026, India
| | - Alvina Farooqui
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226026, India
| | - Vishal Mishra
- School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT(BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
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Parveen A, Bhatnagar P, Gautam P, Bisht B, Nanda M, Kumar S, Vlaskin MS, Kumar V. Enhancing the bio-prospective of microalgae by different light systems and photoperiods. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:2687-2698. [PMID: 37642905 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00471-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are a source of highly valuable bioactive metabolites and a high-potential feedstock for environmentally friendly and sustainable biofuel production. Recent research has shown that microalgae benefit the environment using less water than conventional crops while increasing oxygen production and lowering CO2 emissions. Microalgae are an excellent source of value-added compounds, such as proteins, pigments, lipids, and polysaccharides, as well as a high-potential feedstock for environmentally friendly and sustainable biofuel production. Various factors, such as nutrient concentration, temperature, light, pH, and cultivation method, effect the biomass cultivation and accumulation of high-value-added compounds in microalgae. Among the aforementioned factors, light is a key and essential factor for microalgae growth. Since photoautotrophic microalgae rely on light to absorb energy and transform it into chemical energy, light has a significant impact on algal growth. During micro-algal culture, spectral quality may be tailored to improve biomass composition for use in downstream bio-refineries and boost production. The light regime, which includes changes in intensity and photoperiod, has an impact on the growth and metabolic composition of microalgae. In this review, we investigate the effects of red, blue, and UV light wavelengths, different photoperiod, and different lighting systems on micro-algal growth and their valuable compounds. It also focuses on different micro-algal growth, photosynthesis systems, cultivation methods, and current market shares.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afreen Parveen
- Algal Research and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be) University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
| | - Pooja Bhatnagar
- Algal Research and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be) University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
| | - Pankaj Gautam
- Department of Microbiology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be) University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
| | - Bhawna Bisht
- Algal Research and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be) University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
| | - Manisha Nanda
- Department of Microbiology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be) University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Algal Research and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be) University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
| | - Mikhail S Vlaskin
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 13/2 Izhorskaya St, Moscow, 125412, Russian Federation
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Algal Research and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be) University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India.
- Graphic Era, Hill University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India.
- Peoples' Friendship, University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation.
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Keil L, Mehlmer N, Cavelius P, Garbe D, Haack M, Ritz M, Awad D, Brück T. The Time-Resolved Salt Stress Response of Dunaliella tertiolecta-A Comprehensive System Biology Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15374. [PMID: 37895054 PMCID: PMC10607294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Algae-driven processes, such as direct CO2 fixation into glycerol, provide new routes for sustainable chemical production in synergy with greenhouse gas mitigation. The marine microalgae Dunaliella tertiolecta is reported to accumulate high amounts of intracellular glycerol upon exposure to high salt concentrations. We have conducted a comprehensive, time-resolved systems biology study to decipher the metabolic response of D. tertiolecta up to 24 h under continuous light conditions. Initially, due to a lack of reference sequences required for MS/MS-based protein identification, a high-quality draft genome of D. tertiolecta was generated. Subsequently, a database was designed by combining the genome with transcriptome data obtained before and after salt stress. This database allowed for detection of differentially expressed proteins and identification of phosphorylated proteins, which are involved in the short- and long-term adaptation to salt stress, respectively. Specifically, in the rapid salt adaptation response, proteins linked to the Ca2+ signaling pathway and ion channel proteins were significantly increased. While phosphorylation is key in maintaining ion homeostasis during the rapid adaptation to salt stress, phosphofructokinase is required for long-term adaption. Lacking β-carotene, synthesis under salt stress conditions might be substituted by the redox-sensitive protein CP12. Furthermore, salt stress induces upregulation of Calvin-Benson cycle-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas Brück
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany; (L.K.); (N.M.); (P.C.); (D.G.); (M.H.); (M.R.); (D.A.)
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8
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Papapostolou H, Kachrimanidou V, Alexandri M, Plessas S, Papadaki A, Kopsahelis N. Natural Carotenoids: Recent Advances on Separation from Microbial Biomass and Methods of Analysis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051030. [PMID: 37237896 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Biotechnologically produced carotenoids occupy an important place in the scientific research. Owing to their role as natural pigments and their high antioxidant properties, microbial carotenoids have been proposed as alternatives to their synthetic counterparts. To this end, many studies are focusing on their efficient and sustainable production from renewable substrates. Besides the development of an efficient upstream process, their separation and purification as well as their analysis from the microbial biomass confers another important aspect. Currently, the use of organic solvents constitutes the main extraction process; however, environmental concerns along with potential toxicity towards human health necessitate the employment of "greener" techniques. Hence, many research groups are focusing on applying emerging technologies such as ultrasounds, microwaves, ionic liquids or eutectic solvents for the separation of carotenoids from microbial cells. This review aims to summarize the progress on both the biotechnological production of carotenoids and the methods for their effective extraction. In the framework of circular economy and sustainability, the focus is given on green recovery methods targeting high-value applications such as novel functional foods and pharmaceuticals. Finally, methods for carotenoids identification and quantification are also discussed in order to create a roadmap for successful carotenoids analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harris Papapostolou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ionian University, 28100 Argostoli, Greece
| | | | - Maria Alexandri
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ionian University, 28100 Argostoli, Greece
| | - Stavros Plessas
- Laboratory of Food Processing, Faculty of Agriculture Development, Democritus University of Thrace, 68200 Orestiada, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Papadaki
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ionian University, 28100 Argostoli, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kopsahelis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ionian University, 28100 Argostoli, Greece
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9
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Paravar A, Maleki Farahani S, Rezazadeh A. Morphological, physiological and biochemical response of L allemantia species to elevated temperature and light duration during seed development. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15149. [PMID: 37123928 PMCID: PMC10133671 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Seed weight, storability, and germinability can depend on maternal plant's environment. However, there is slight information about the effect of light and temperature on seed quality of Lallemantia species. The purpose of this research was to determine the properties of physio-biochemical of maternal plant, seed quality, and seed chemical composition of Lallemantia species (Lallemantia iberica and Lallemantia royleana) under temperature (15 °C, 25 °C, and 35 °C) and photoperiod (8 hd-1, 16 hd-1, and 24 hd-1) maternal plants environment. Increasing temperature and photoperiod caused a reduction in leaf chlorophyll, stomatal movement, total soluble sugar, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzymes activities, and an increment in malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content of seeds. However, the highest weight, germination, vigor index, and longevity, seed chemical compositions were obtained in offspring which matured under 25 °C for 16 hd-1. The highest germination, oil, and relative percentage of fatty acids (oleic acid (OA), linoleic acid (LA), and linolenic acid (LNA)) were obtained in L. iberica seeds. On the contrary, longevity, mucilage, and sucrose were more abundant in L. royleana seeds. Overall, this research has clearly shown that temperature and light quality and quantity of maternal plant's environment have an immensely effect on producing of seeds with high-quality. However, it is necessary to investigate the impact of the epigenetic mechanisms of the maternal plant on the offspring in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Paravar
- Department of Crop Production and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Maleki Farahani
- Department of Crop Production and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding author.
| | - Alireza Rezazadeh
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Koopmann IK, Müller BA, Labes A. Screening of a Thraustochytrid Strain Collection for Carotenoid and Squalene Production Characterized by Cluster Analysis, Comparison of 18S rRNA Gene Sequences, Growth Behavior, and Morphology. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:204. [PMID: 37103341 PMCID: PMC10140983 DOI: 10.3390/md21040204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids and squalene are important terpenes that are applied in a wide range of products in foods and cosmetics. Thraustochytrids might be used as alternative production organisms to improve production processes, but the taxon is rarely studied. A screening of 62 strains of thraustochytrids sensu lato for their potential to produce carotenoids and squalene was performed. A phylogenetic tree was built based on 18S rRNA gene sequences for taxonomic classification, revealing eight different clades of thraustochytrids. Design of experiments (DoE) and growth models identified high amounts of glucose (up to 60 g/L) and yeast extract (up to 15 g/L) as important factors for most of the strains. Squalene and carotenoid production was studied by UHPLC-PDA-MS measurements. Cluster analysis of the carotenoid composition partially mirrored the phylogenetic results, indicating a possible use for chemotaxonomy. Strains in five clades produced carotenoids. Squalene was found in all analyzed strains. Carotenoid and squalene synthesis was dependent on the strain, medium composition and solidity. Strains related to Thraustochytrium aureum and Thraustochytriidae sp. are promising candidates for carotenoid synthesis. Strains closely related to Schizochytrium aggregatum might be suitable for squalene production. Thraustochytrium striatum might be a good compromise for the production of both molecule groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga K Koopmann
- ZAiT, Center for Analytics in Technology Transfer of Bio and Food Technology Innovations, Flensburg University of Applied Sciences, 24943 Flensburg, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Bettina A Müller
- ZAiT, Center for Analytics in Technology Transfer of Bio and Food Technology Innovations, Flensburg University of Applied Sciences, 24943 Flensburg, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Antje Labes
- ZAiT, Center for Analytics in Technology Transfer of Bio and Food Technology Innovations, Flensburg University of Applied Sciences, 24943 Flensburg, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
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11
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Guermazi W, Masmoudi S, Trabelsi NA, Gammoudi S, Ayadi H, Morant-Manceau A, Hotos GN. Physiological and Biochemical Responses in Microalgae Dunaliella salina, Cylindrotheca closterium and Phormidium versicolor NCC466 Exposed to High Salinity and Irradiation. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020313. [PMID: 36836671 PMCID: PMC9961930 DOI: 10.3390/life13020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dunaliella salina (Chlorophyceae), Phormidium versicolor (Cyanophyceae), and Cylindrotheca closterium (Bacillariophyceae) were isolated from three ponds in the solar saltern of Sfax (Tunisia). Growth, pigment contents, and photosynthetic and antioxidant enzyme activities were measured under controlled conditions of three light levels (300, 500, and 1000 µmol photons m-2 s-1) and three NaCl concentrations (40, 80, and 140 g L-1). The highest salinity reduced the growth of D. salina and P. versicolor NCC466 and strongly inhibited that of C. closterium. According to ΦPSII values, the photosynthetic apparatus of P. versicolor was stimulated by increasing salinity, whereas that of D. salina and C. closterium was decreased by irradiance rise. The production of carotenoids in D. salina and P. versicolor was stimulated when salinity and irradiance increased, whereas it decreased in the diatom. Catalase (CAT), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities were only detected when the three species were cultivated under E1000. The antioxidant activity of carotenoids could compensate for the low antioxidant enzyme activity measured in D. salina. Salinity and irradiation levels interact with the physiology of three species that have mechanisms of more or less effective stress resistance, hence different resistance to environmental stresses according to the species. Under these stress-controlled conditions, P. versicolor and C. closterium strains could provide promising sources of extremolyte for several purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wassim Guermazi
- Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity and Environment (LR18ES/30), University of Sfax, Sfax CP 3000, Tunisia
| | - Salma Masmoudi
- Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity and Environment (LR18ES/30), University of Sfax, Sfax CP 3000, Tunisia
- LUNAM, Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (EA 2160), Université du Maine, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, CEDEX 9, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Neila Annabi Trabelsi
- Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity and Environment (LR18ES/30), University of Sfax, Sfax CP 3000, Tunisia
| | - Sana Gammoudi
- Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity and Environment (LR18ES/30), University of Sfax, Sfax CP 3000, Tunisia
| | - Habib Ayadi
- Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity and Environment (LR18ES/30), University of Sfax, Sfax CP 3000, Tunisia
| | - Annick Morant-Manceau
- LUNAM, Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (EA 2160), Université du Maine, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, CEDEX 9, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - George N. Hotos
- Plankton Culture Laboratory, Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Patras, 30200 Messolonghi, Greece
- Correspondence:
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12
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The Biological Role of Dead Sea Water in Skin Health: A Review. COSMETICS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics10010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Applying natural mineral water to skin care is a popular tendency and many cosmetics products based on thermal spring water have been developed. The special location and environmental conditions provide Dead Sea water (DSW) with unique ion composition and concentrations, which bring comprehensive positive effects on skin health. This article reviews two potential action modes of DSW, and the biological function of DSW and its related complex in dermatology and skin care. Previous studies have proved the functions of skin moisturization, anti-inflammation, skin barrier repair, and anti-pollution. Especially, the anti-aging effect of DSW and related complexes can act in three different ways: keratinocyte rejuvenation, photo-protection, and cellular energy elevation. Additionally, the issues that need further investigation are also discussed. We hope that this review will help to improve the understanding of DSW and its related complex, and further contribute to product development in the skincare industry.
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Duan X, Xie C, Hill DRA, Barrow CJ, Dunshea FR, Martin GJO, Suleria HA. Bioaccessibility, Bioavailability and Bioactivities of Carotenoids in Microalgae: A Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2023.2165095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Duan
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Cundong Xie
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David R. A. Hill
- Algal Processing Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Colin J. Barrow
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia
| | - Frank R. Dunshea
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, The University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Gregory J. O. Martin
- Algal Processing Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Hafiz A.R. Suleria
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia
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14
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Phinyo K, Ruangrit K, Pekkoh J, Tragoolpua Y, Kaewkod T, Duangjan K, Pumas C, Suwannarach N, Kumla J, Pathom-aree W, Gu W, Wang G, Srinuanpan S. Naturally Occurring Functional Ingredient from Filamentous Thermophilic Cyanobacterium Leptolyngbya sp. KC45: Phytochemical Characterizations and Their Multiple Bioactivities. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122437. [PMID: 36552645 PMCID: PMC9774153 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are rich in phytochemicals, which have beneficial impacts on the prevention of many diseases. This study aimed to comprehensively characterize phytochemicals and evaluate multifunctional bioactivities in the ethanolic extract of the cyanobacterium Leptolyngbya sp. KC45. Results found that the extract mainly contained chlorophylls, carotenoids, phenolics, and flavonoids. Through LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS analysis, 38 phenolic compounds with promising bioactivities were discovered, and a higher diversity of flavonoids was found among the phenolic compounds identified. The extract effectively absorbed the harmful UV rays and showed high antioxidant activity on DPPH, ABTS, and PFRAP. The extract yielded high-efficiency inhibitory effects on enzymes (tyrosinase, collagenase, ACE, and α-glucosidase) related to diseases. Interestingly, the extract showed a strong cytotoxic effect on cancer cells (skin A375, lung A549, and colon Caco-2), but had a much smaller effect on normal cells, indicating a satisfactory level of safety for the extract. More importantly, the combination of the DNA ladder assay and the TUNEL assay proved the appearance of DNA fragmentation in cancer cells after a 48 h treatment with the extract, confirming the apoptosis mechanisms. Our findings suggest that cyanobacterium extract could be potentially used as a functional ingredient for various industrial applications in foods, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittiya Phinyo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Khomsan Ruangrit
- Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Jeeraporn Pekkoh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Yingmanee Tragoolpua
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Thida Kaewkod
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Kritsana Duangjan
- Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Chayakorn Pumas
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nakarin Suwannarach
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Jaturong Kumla
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wasu Pathom-aree
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wenhui Gu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Guangce Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Sirasit Srinuanpan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (S.S.)
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15
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Moosavi-Nezhad M, Alibeigi B, Estaji A, Gruda NS, Aliniaeifard S. Growth, Biomass Partitioning, and Photosynthetic Performance of Chrysanthemum Cuttings in Response to Different Light Spectra. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3337. [PMID: 36501376 PMCID: PMC9735900 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) is among the most popular ornamental plants, propagated mainly through stem cuttings. There is a lack of information regarding the impact of the lighting environment on the successful production of cuttings and underlying mechanisms. The light spectrum affects plant morphology, growth, and photosynthesis. In the present study, chrysanthemum, cv. 'Katinka' cuttings, were exposed to five lighting spectra, including monochromatic red (R), blue (B) lights, and multichromatic lights, including a combination of R and B (R:B), a combination of R, B, and far red (R:B:FR) and white (W), for 30 days. B light enhanced areal growth, as indicated by a higher shoot mass ratio, while R light directed the biomass towards the underground parts of the cuttings. Monochromatic R and B lights promoted the emergence of new leaves. In contrast, individual leaf area was largest under multichromatic lights. Exposing the cuttings to R light led to the accumulation of carbohydrates in the leaves. Cuttings exposed to multichromatic lights showed higher chlorophyll content than monochromatic R- and B-exposed cuttings. Conversely, carotenoid and anthocyanin contents were the highest in monochromatic R- and B-exposed plants. B-exposed cuttings showed higher photosynthetic performance, exhibited by the highest performance index on the basis of light absorption, and maximal quantum yield of PSII efficiency. Although R light increased biomass toward roots, B light improved above-ground growth, photosynthetic functionality, and the visual performance of Chrysanthemum cuttings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Moosavi-Nezhad
- Photosynthesis Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, Pakdasht P.O. Box 33916-53755, Iran
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Boshra Alibeigi
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj P.O. Box 31587-77871, Iran
| | - Ahmad Estaji
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-E-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan P.O. Box 77188-97111, Iran
| | - Nazim S. Gruda
- Department of Horticultural Science, INRES–Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sasan Aliniaeifard
- Photosynthesis Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, Pakdasht P.O. Box 33916-53755, Iran
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Si C, Yang S, Lou X, Zhang G, Zhong Q. Effects of light spectrum on the morphophysiology and gene expression of lateral branching in Pepino ( Solanum muricatum). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1012086. [PMID: 36212344 PMCID: PMC9540516 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1012086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we determined the morphological and physiological indicators of Pepino to elucidate its lateral branching responses to different light qualities using a full-spectrum lamp (F) as the control and eight different light ratios using blue light (B) and red light (R). In addition, correlation analysis revealed that the gene expression patterns correlated with lateral branching under various light treatments. Compared with the F treatment, the R treatment increased the plant height and inhibited the elongation of lateral branches, in contrast with the B treatment. The number of lateral branches did not change significantly under different light quality treatments. Moreover, correlation analysis showed that the ratio of blue light was significantly positively correlated with the length of lateral branches and significantly negatively correlated with plant height, aboveground dry weight, and other indicators. We conducted transcriptome sequencing of the sites of lateral branching at three periods under different light quality treatments. The gene related to photodynamic response, cryptochrome (CRY), was the most highly expressed under B treatment, negatively regulated lateral branch length, and positively correlated with plant height. Branched 1, a lateral branch regulation gene, was upregulated under R treatment and inhibited branching. Overall, the red light facilitated internode elongation, leaf area expansion, plant dry weight increase, and inhibition of lateral branching. Soluble sugar content increased, and the lateral branches elongated under blue light. Different light qualities regulated lateral branching by mediating different pathways involving strigolactones and CRY. Our findings laid a foundation for further clarifying the response mechanism of Pepino seedlings to light and provided a theoretical reference for elucidating the regulation of different light qualities on the lateral branching of Pepino.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Si
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Physiology, Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Institute of Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Shipeng Yang
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Physiology, Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Institute of Qinghai University, Xining, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xining, China
| | - Xiangyun Lou
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Physiology, Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Institute of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Guangnan Zhang
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Physiology, Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Institute of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Qiwen Zhong
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Physiology, Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Institute of Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Germplasm Resources in Qinghai Tibet Plateau, Xi’an, China
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17
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Gan S, Liang S, Zou Q, Shang C. Optimization of carotenoid extraction of a halophilic microalgae. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270650. [PMID: 35917330 PMCID: PMC9345481 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dunaliella parva can produce abundant carotenoids under certain conditions. This paper optimized the extraction efficiency of carotenoids from D. parva. Different organic solvents were examined to determine the most suitable solvent for the extraction. After the determination of the solvent (dimethylsulfoxide, DMSO), the extraction conditions including time, temperature, and volume were then optimized to maximize the extraction efficiency of carotenoids from D. parva using response surface methodology. DMSO was identified as the most suitable solvent. The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: temperature of 57.2°C, time of 11.35 min, the volume of 410 μl, and the optimal extraction efficiency reached 0.517‰. The results showed that the optimal extraction efficiency (0.517‰) improved 31.69% in comparison to the initial extraction efficiency (0.3926‰). In addition, The optimal levels of three influence factors (temperature of 57.2°C, time of 11.35 min, volume of 410 μl) decreased compared with the initial levels (temperature of 60°C, time of 20 min, volume of 1000 μl). In this paper, Central Composite Design (CCD) was used to optimize the extraction efficiency of carotenoids from D. parva, which would lay the groundwork for the extraction and utilization of carotenoids from D. parva in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanling Gan
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Shengjia Liang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Qiman Zou
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Changhua Shang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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18
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Mohebi Najafabadi M, Naeimpoor F. Boosting β-carotene and storage materials productivities by two-stage mixed and monochromatic exposure stresses on Dunaliella salina. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2022; 25:609-620. [PMID: 35815399 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2095976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Growth and product formation of Dunaliella salina, a potent β-carotene source, were investigated under single and two-stage monochromic and mixed illuminations using two LEDs, each emitting red (R), blue (B), or white (W) light. Targeting cell growth in single-stage, WW, RR, and BB, as well as RB illumination, were compared and mixed RB illumination was found most supportive showing the highest cell growth of 1.81 ± 0.008 g/L. Subsequently, new two-stage illuminations (RB-BB and RB-RR) were designed to investigate growth and bio-product formation using RB illumination similarly in the 1st stage followed by separate BB and RR illuminations within the 2nd stage. RB-BB strategy resulted in enhanced productivities of lipid (7.6 mg/L/day), starch (20 mg/L/day), and β-carotene (0.4 mg/L/day) which were respectively higher by 80, 70, and 81% compared to single-stage control (WW). RB-RR strategy stimulated cell growth while it resulted in decreased productivities of products (other than chlorophyll). The highest biomass level of 2.2 g/L and nitrate removal of 80% were obtained in RB-RR while RB-BB resulted in the lowest values of 1.2 g/L and 48%, respectively. Appropriate selection of illuminations in two-stage strategies, therefore, functions to enhance the productivity of important metabolites or cell growth which can have generic applications in other microalgae.NOVELTY STATEMENTAlthough the effects of a variety of stressful conditions on microalgae product lines have been investigated so far, the effects of two-stage mixed and monochromatic exposure as a light management strategy have not yet been considered. This strategy was inspired by the fact that cell mass alongside the cell content of a product contributes to product productivity. Accordingly, the growth of Dunaliella salina was first examined under single-stage mixed and monochromatic exposure where mixed red-blue light led to the highest biomass formation. Shifting from mixed to different monochromatic exposures was then examined as a stress factor to stimulate product formation. Higher cell factories obtained under mixed exposure in the 1st stage escalated product productivities within the 2nd stage when exposed to monochromatic light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Mohebi Najafabadi
- Biotechnology Research Laboratory, School of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Naeimpoor
- Biotechnology Research Laboratory, School of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran
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Sustainable Microalgae and Cyanobacteria Biotechnology. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12146887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Marine organisms are a valuable source of new compounds, many of which have remarkable biotechnological properties, such as microalgae and cyanobacteria, which have attracted special attention to develop new industrial production routes. These organisms are a source of many biologically active molecules in nature, including antioxidants, immunostimulants, antivirals, antibiotics, hemagglutinates, polyunsaturated fatty acids, peptides, proteins, biofuels, and pigments. The use of several technologies to improve biomass production, in the first step, industrial processes schemes have been addressed with different accomplishments. It is critical to consider all steps involved in producing a bioactive valuable compound, such as species and strain selection, nutrient supply required to support productivity, type of photobioreactor, downstream processes, namely extraction, recovery, and purification. In general, two product production schemes can be mentioned; one for large amounts of product, such as biodiesel or any other biofuel and the biomass for feeding purposes; the other for when the product will be used in the human health domain, such as antivirals, antibiotics, antioxidants, etc. Several applications for microalgae have been documented. In general, the usefulness of an application for each species of microalgae is determined by growth and product production. Furthermore, the use of OMICS technologies enabled the development of a new design for human therapeutic recombinant proteins, including strain selection based on previous proteomic profiles, gene cloning, and the development of expression networks. Microalgal expression systems have an advantage over traditional microbial, plant, and mammalian expression systems for new and sustainable microalga applications, for responsible production and consumption.
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Bamary Z, Einali A. Changes in Carbon Partitioning and Pattern of Antioxidant Enzyme Activity Induced by Arginine Treatment in the Green Microalga Dunaliella salina Under Long-Term Salinity. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 84:198-212. [PMID: 34396460 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01843-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the effects of arginine (Arg) on biochemical responses and antioxidant enzyme activity in the green microalga Dunaliella salina grown at different salt concentrations were investigated. Suspensions adapted with the concentrations of 1, 2, and 3 M NaCl were treated at the exponential growth phase with a concentration of 5 mM Arg. Salt stress was associated with a large decrease in the number of cells and non-reducing sugar levels but accumulated higher amounts of chlorophyll, β-carotene, reducing sugar, starch, total protein, free amino acid, and glycerol. Increased levels of protein carbonylation, lipid peroxidation, proteolysis, hydrogen peroxide, and antioxidant enzyme activity also occurred during salinity. Arg treatment changed the pattern of biochemical responses in the cells grown at high salinity by directing carbon flow to the biosynthesis of non-reducing sugars instead of starch, lowering levels of hydrogen peroxide, and downregulating antioxidant enzyme activity, but the levels of lipid peroxidation, glycerol, and β-carotene remained nearly unchanged. These results suggest that Arg treatment alleviates salinity-induced oxidative stress in D. salina cells by modifying carbon partitioning and inducing signaling molecules rather than antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bamary
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Alireza Einali
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.
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21
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Kouidhi S, Mnif W, Alqarni N, Abdelwahed S, Redissi A, Ammous N, Selmi B, Gargouri A, Achour S, Cherif A, Mosbah A. Design and use of chimeric peptides in a new non-destructive ecological process applied to the extraction of all trans/9-cis β-carotene isomers from Dunaliella salina. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:1928-1936. [PMID: 35702303 PMCID: PMC9179151 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, β-carotene has gained tremendous importance as a bioactive molecule due to the growing awareness of the harmful effects of synthetic products. β-carotene is a high-value natural pigment that has the highest demand in the global carotenoid market owing to its proven antioxidant properties relevant for several diseases. To date, Dunaliella salina is the most important producer of natural β-carotene and is the subject of important industrial efforts. However, the extraction of β-carotene remains challenging since all the proposed techniques present a risk of product contamination or loss of quality due to solvent residuals and low yields. The purpose of this study was to set up a green, ecological, and innovative process of extraction of the two major β-carotene isomers from the halophilic microalgae Dunaliella salina. Based on molecular modeling, docking, and drug design, we conceived and synthesized two chimeric peptides (PP2, PP3) targeting specifically the two major isomers: all-trans or 9-cis β-carotene. The experimental protocol used in this study demonstrated the ability and the efficacy of those two peptides to cross the cell membrane and bind with high affinity to β-carotene isomers and exclude them toward the extracellular medium while preserving the integrity of living cells. Interestingly, the tested peptides (PP2, PP3) exhibit significant β-carotene extraction yields 58% and 34%, respectively, from the total of the β-carotene in microalgae cells. In addition to its simplicity, this process is fast, independent of the source of the β-carotene, and selective. These results would allow us to set up a green, ecological, and very profitable process of extraction from microalgae containing high amounts of β-carotene. Our innovative approach is highly promising for the extraction of Dunaliella salina biomass on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumaya Kouidhi
- Laboratory (BVBGR)‐LR11ES31University ManoubaISBSTBiotechnopole Sidi ThabetArianaTunisia
| | - Wissem Mnif
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of Sciences and Arts in BalgarnUniversity of BishaBishaSaudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorisation of Bio‐GeoRessourcesHigher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi ThabetBiotechPole of Sidi ThabetUniversity of ManoubaArianaTunisia
| | - Nada Alqarni
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of Sciences and Arts in BalgarnUniversity of BishaBishaSaudi Arabia
| | - Soukaina Abdelwahed
- Laboratory (BVBGR)‐LR11ES31University ManoubaISBSTBiotechnopole Sidi ThabetArianaTunisia
| | - Alaeddine Redissi
- Laboratory (BVBGR)‐LR11ES31University ManoubaISBSTBiotechnopole Sidi ThabetArianaTunisia
| | - Nihel Ammous
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology of EukaryotesCenter of Biotechnology of SfaxUniversity of SfaxSfaxTunisia
| | - Boulbaba Selmi
- Laboratory of BioresourcesIntegrative Biology and ValorizationHigher Institute of Biotechnology of MonastirUniversity of MonastirMonastirTunisia
| | - Ali Gargouri
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology of EukaryotesCenter of Biotechnology of SfaxUniversity of SfaxSfaxTunisia
| | - Sami Achour
- Laboratory of BioresourcesIntegrative Biology and ValorizationHigher Institute of Biotechnology of MonastirUniversity of MonastirMonastirTunisia
| | - Ameur Cherif
- Laboratory (BVBGR)‐LR11ES31University ManoubaISBSTBiotechnopole Sidi ThabetArianaTunisia
| | - Amor Mosbah
- Laboratory (BVBGR)‐LR11ES31University ManoubaISBSTBiotechnopole Sidi ThabetArianaTunisia
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22
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Mazzucchi L, Xu Y, Harvey PJ. Evaluation of Cellular Uptake and Removal of Chlorpropham in the Treatment of Dunaliella salina for Phytoene Production. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20060367. [PMID: 35736170 PMCID: PMC9231035 DOI: 10.3390/md20060367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorpropham is a carbamate herbicide that inhibits cell division and has been widely used as a potato sprout suppressant. Recently we showed that the microalga Dunaliella salina treated with chlorpropham massively accumulated the colourless carotenoids phytoene and phytofluene. Phytoene and phytofluene are valued for their antioxidant, UV-absorption and skin protectant properties; however, they are present in very low quantities in nature. The low toxicity herbicide chlorpropham seems a promising catalyst to produce phytoene in large quantities from CO2 and solar energy with D. salina. This study explored chlorpropham uptake by the algal cells, the formation of potential intermediate metabolites, and the removal of residual chlorpropham from harvested D. salina biomass. Algal biomass rapidly concentrated chlorpropham from culture media. However, washing the harvested biomass with fresh culture medium twice and five times removed ~83 and ~97% of the chlorpropham from the biomass, respectively, and retained algal cell integrity. Furthermore, chloroaniline, a common metabolite of chlorpropham degradation, was not detected in chlorpropham-treated cultures, which were monitored every two days for thirty days. Cells treated with chlorpropham for either 10 min or 24 h continued to over-accumulate phytoene after resuspension in an herbicide-free medium. These data imply that whilst Dunaliella cells do not possess the intracellular capacity to degrade chlorpropham to chloroaniline, the effect of chlorpropham is irreversible on cell nuclear division and hence on carotenoid metabolism.
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23
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Kholany M, Coutinho JAP, Ventura SPM. Carotenoid Production from Microalgae: The Portuguese Scenario. Molecules 2022; 27:2540. [PMID: 35458744 PMCID: PMC9030877 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae have an outstanding capacity to efficiently produce value-added compounds. They have been inspiring researchers worldwide to develop a blue biorefinery, supporting the development of the bioeconomy, tackling the environmental crisis, and mitigating the depletion of natural resources. In this review, the characteristics of the carotenoids produced by microalgae are presented and the downstream processes developed to recover and purify them are analyzed, considering their main applications. The ongoing activities and initiatives taking place in Portugal regarding not only research, but also industrialization under the blue biorefinery concept are also discussed. The situation reported here shows that new techniques must be developed to make microalgae production more competitive. Downstream pigment purification technologies must be developed as they may have a considerable impact on the economic viability of the process. Government incentives are needed to encourage a constructive interaction between academics and businesses in order to develop a biorefinery that focuses on high-grade chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sónia P. M. Ventura
- Chemistry Department, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.K.); (J.A.P.C.)
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24
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Diaz-MacAdoo D, Mata MT, Riquelme C. Influence of Irradiance and Wavelength on the Antioxidant Activity and Carotenoids Accumulation in Muriellopsis sp. Isolated from the Antofagasta Coastal Desert. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082412. [PMID: 35458610 PMCID: PMC9031948 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are a valuable natural resource for a variety of biocompounds such as carotenoids. The use of different light spectra and irradiance has been considered as a promising option to improve the production of these compounds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different wavelengths (white, red, and blue) and irradiances (80 and 350 µmol photons/m2/s) on the photosynthetic state, total carotenoids and lutein productivity (HPLC), lipids (Nile red method) and antioxidant activity (DPPH) of the microalgae Muriellopsis sp. (MCH-35). This microalga, which is a potential source of lutein, was isolated from the coastal desert of Antofagasta, Chile, and adapted to grow in seawater. The results indicate that the culture exposed to high-intensity red light showed the highest biomass yield (2.5 g/L) and lutein productivity (>2.0 mg L−1day−1). However, blue light was found to have a stimulating effect on the synthesis of lutein and other carotenoids (>0.8% dry wt). Furthermore, a direct relationship between lipid accumulation and high light intensity was evidenced. Finally, the highest antioxidant activity was observed with high-intensity white light, these values have no direct relationship with lutein productivity. Therefore, the findings of this study could be utilized to obtain biocompounds of interest by altering certain culture conditions during the large-scale cultivation of MCH-35.
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25
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Coleman B, Van Poucke C, Dewitte B, Ruttens A, Moerdijk-Poortvliet T, Latsos C, De Reu K, Blommaert L, Duquenne B, Timmermans K, van Houcke J, Muylaert K, Robbens J. Potential of microalgae as flavoring agents for plant-based seafood alternatives. FUTURE FOODS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fufo.2022.100139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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26
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Watcharawipas A, Sansatchanon K, Phithakrotchanakoon C, Tanapongpipat S, Runguphan W, Kocharin K. Novel carotenogenic gene combinations from red yeasts enhanced lycopene and beta-carotene production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae from the low-cost substrate sucrose. FEMS Yeast Res 2021; 21:6449371. [PMID: 34865010 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foab062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids (C40H56) including lycopene and beta-carotene are relatively strong antioxidants that provide benefits to human health. Here, we screened highly efficient crt variants from red yeasts to improve lycopene and beta-carotene production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We identified that crt variants from Sporidiobolus pararoseus TBRC-BCC 63403 isolated from rice leaf in Thailand exhibited the highest activity in term of lycopene and beta-carotene production in the context of yeast. Specifically, the phytoene desaturase SpCrtI possessed up to 4-fold higher in vivo activity based on lycopene content than the benchmark enzyme BtCrtI from Blakeslea trispora in our engineered WWY005 strain. Also, the geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) synthase SpCrtE, the bifunctional phytoene synthase-lycopene cyclase SpCrtYB, and SpCrtI when combined led to 7-fold improvement in beta-carotene content over the benchmark enzymes from Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous in the laboratory strain CEN.PK2-1C. Sucrose as an alternative to glucose was found to enhance lycopene production in cells lacking GAL80. Lastly, we demonstrated a step-wise improvement in lycopene production from shake-flasks to a 5-L fermenter using the strain with GAL80 intact. Altogether, our study represents novel findings on more effective crt genes from Sp. pararoseus over the previously reported benchmark genes and their potential applications in scale-up lycopene production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akaraphol Watcharawipas
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Kitisak Sansatchanon
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Chitwadee Phithakrotchanakoon
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sutipa Tanapongpipat
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Weerawat Runguphan
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Kanokarn Kocharin
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
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27
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A Comparison of β-Carotene, Phytoene and Amino Acids Production in Dunaliella salina DF 15 (CCAP 19/41) and Dunaliella salina CCAP 19/30 Using Different Light Wavelengths. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112824. [PMID: 34829102 PMCID: PMC8617983 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Strains of Dunaliella salina microalgae are of considerable research and industrial interest because they hyper-accumulate β-carotene as well as produce high-quality protein. To explore the co-production of valuable compounds in D. salina, this study compared the production of β-carotene, phytoene and amino acids in two strains cultivated under white, red or blue light until no further nitrogen was available. D. salina DF15 (CCAP 19/41 (PLY DF15)) produced more than 12% β-carotene (ash-free dry weight (AFDW) basis), and red light triggered the production of 9-cis β-carotene at a 9-cis/all-trans β-carotene ratio of 1.5. Phytoene production was also evident in D. salina DF15 under all conditions, particularly under blue light. However, the profile of essential amino acids (EAAs) and calculation of the essential amino acid index (EAAI) was less than ideal in terms of protein quality, for both strains. Umami compounds, quantified as monosodium glutamate (MSG) equivalents, indicated a higher equivalent umami concentration (EUC) in D. salina DF15 under red light (3.2 g MSG/100 g AFDW) than in D. salina CCAP19/30. Overall, D. salina DF15 demonstrates valuable traits for further exploration and product optimisation.
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28
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Mitosis Inhibitors Induce Massive Accumulation of Phytoene in the Microalga Dunaliella salina. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19110595. [PMID: 34822466 PMCID: PMC8622826 DOI: 10.3390/md19110595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoene is a colourless natural carotenoid that absorbs UV light and provides antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities as well as protection against photodamage. It is therefore valued for its skin health and aesthetic benefits by the cosmetic industry, as well as by the health food sector. The halotolerant green microalga Dunaliella salina is one of the richest sources of natural carotenoids. We have previously investigated the over-production of phytoene in D. salina after cultivation with the well-characterised mitosis inhibitor, chlorpropham. In this study, 15 herbicides with different modes of action were tested for their potential to promote phytoene accumulation. All herbicides showed different levels of capabilities to support phytoene over-production in D. salina. Most significantly, the two mitosis inhibitors tested in this study, propyzamide and chlorpropham, showed similar capacities to support the over-production of phytoene by D. salina cultures as phytoene desaturase inhibitors. The cellular content of phytoene increased by over 10-fold within 48 h of treatment with the mitosis inhibitors compared to untreated cultures. Results indicate a general effect of mitosis inhibitors on phytoene accumulation in D. salina. Furthermore, red light was found to significantly enhance the phytoene yield when used in combination with effective inhibitor treatments. Red light can be applied to maximize the production of phytoene from D. salina.
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29
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Liu C, Hu B, Cheng Y, Guo Y, Yao W, Qian H. Carotenoids from fungi and microalgae: A review on their recent production, extraction, and developments. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 337:125398. [PMID: 34139560 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The demand for carotenoids from natural sources obtained by biological extraction methods is increasing with the development of biotechnology and the continued awareness of food safety. Natural plant-derived carotenoids have a relatively high production cost and are affected by the season, while microbial-derived carotenoids are favored due to their natural, high-efficiency, low production cost, and ease of industrialization. This article reviewed the following aspects of natural carotenoids derived from microorganisms: (1) the structures and properties of main carotenoids; (2) fungal and microalgal sources of the main carotenoids; (3) influencing factors and modes of improvement for carotenoids production; (4) efficient extraction methods for carotenoids; and (5) the commercial value of carotenoids. This review provided a reference and guidance for the development of natural carotenoids derived from microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
| | - Bin Hu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
| | - Yuliang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
| | - Yahui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
| | - Weirong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
| | - He Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China.
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30
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Soleimani khorramdashti M, Samipoor Giri M, Majidian N. Extraction lipids from chlorella vulgaris by supercritical CO2 for biodiesel production. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sajce.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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31
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Flieger J, Flieger W, Baj J, Maciejewski R. Antioxidants: Classification, Natural Sources, Activity/Capacity Measurements, and Usefulness for the Synthesis of Nanoparticles. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:4135. [PMID: 34361329 PMCID: PMC8347950 DOI: 10.3390/ma14154135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural extracts are the source of many antioxidant substances. They have proven useful not only as supplements preventing diseases caused by oxidative stress and food additives preventing oxidation but also as system components for the production of metallic nanoparticles by the so-called green synthesis. This is important given the drastically increased demand for nanomaterials in biomedical fields. The source of ecological technology for producing nanoparticles can be plants or microorganisms (yeast, algae, cyanobacteria, fungi, and bacteria). This review presents recently published research on the green synthesis of nanoparticles. The conditions of biosynthesis and possible mechanisms of nanoparticle formation with the participation of bacteria are presented. The potential of natural extracts for biogenic synthesis depends on the content of reducing substances. The assessment of the antioxidant activity of extracts as multicomponent mixtures is still a challenge for analytical chemistry. There is still no universal test for measuring total antioxidant capacity (TAC). There are many in vitro chemical tests that quantify the antioxidant scavenging activity of free radicals and their ability to chelate metals and that reduce free radical damage. This paper presents the classification of antioxidants and non-enzymatic methods of testing antioxidant capacity in vitro, with particular emphasis on methods based on nanoparticles. Examples of recent studies on the antioxidant activity of natural extracts obtained from different species such as plants, fungi, bacteria, algae, lichens, actinomycetes were collected, giving evaluation methods, reference antioxidants, and details on the preparation of extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Flieger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Flieger
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (W.F.); (J.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Jacek Baj
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (W.F.); (J.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Ryszard Maciejewski
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (W.F.); (J.B.); (R.M.)
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32
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Mavrommati M, Daskalaki A, Papanikolaou S, Aggelis G. Adaptive laboratory evolution principles and applications in industrial biotechnology. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 54:107795. [PMID: 34246744 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) is an innovative approach for the generation of evolved microbial strains with desired characteristics, by implementing the rules of natural selection as presented in the Darwinian Theory, on the laboratory bench. New as it might be, it has already been used by several researchers for the amelioration of a variety of characteristics of widely used microorganisms in biotechnology. ALE is used as a tool for the deeper understanding of the genetic and/or metabolic pathways of evolution. Another important field targeted by ALE is the manufacturing of products of (high) added value, such as ethanol, butanol and lipids. In the current review, we discuss the basic principles and techniques of ALE, and then we focus on studies where it has been applied to bacteria, fungi and microalgae, aiming to improve their performance to biotechnological procedures and/or inspect the genetic background of evolution. We conclude that ALE is a promising and efficacious method that has already led to the acquisition of useful new microbiological strains in biotechnology and could possibly offer even more interesting results in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mavrommati
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Division of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra Daskalaki
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Division of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Seraphim Papanikolaou
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - George Aggelis
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Division of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.
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33
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Strategies for enhancing terpenoids accumulation in microalgae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:4919-4930. [PMID: 34125275 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11368-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Terpenoids represent one of the largest class of chemicals in nature, which play important roles in food and pharmaceutical fields due to diverse biological and pharmacological activities. Microorganisms are recognized as a promising source of terpenoids due to its short growth cycle and sustainability. Importantly, microalgae can fix inorganic carbon through photosynthesis for the growth of themselves and the biosynthesis of various terpenoids. Moreover, microalgae possess effective biosynthesis pathways of terpenoids, both the eukaryotic mevalonic acid (MVA) pathway and the prokaryotic methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway. In recent years, various genetic engineering strategies have been applied to increase target terpenoid yields, including overexpression of the rate-limited enzymes and inhibition of the competing pathways. However, since gene-editing tools are only built in some model microalgae, fermentation strategies that are easier to be operated have been widely successful in promoting the production of terpenoids, such as changing culture conditions and addition of chemical additives. In addition, an economical and effective downstream process is also an important consideration for the industrial production of terpenoids, and the solvent extraction and the supercritical fluid extraction method are the most commonly used strategies, especially in the industrial production of β-carotene and astaxanthin from microalgae. In this review, recent advancements and novel strategies used for terpenoid production are concluded and discussed, and new insights to move the field forward are proposed. KEY POINTS: • The MEP pathway is more stoichiometrically efficient than the MVA pathway. • Advanced genetic engineering and fermentation strategies can increase terpene yield. • SFE has a higher recovery of carotenoids than solvent extraction.
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34
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Huang S, Li K, Pan Y, Yu Y, Wernberg T, de Bettignies T, Wu J, Zhou C, Huang Z, Xiao X. Artificial light source selection in seaweed production: growth of seaweed and biosynthesis of photosynthetic pigments and soluble protein. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11351. [PMID: 34026353 PMCID: PMC8121058 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Seaweed growth is often limited by light. Artificial light supply has been well studied in terrestrial agriculture, however, much less is known about its effect in seaweed aquaculture. In this study, the effects of four artificial light sources (white, red, green, and blue LEDs light) on a brown alga Sargassum fusiforme and a green alga Ulva pertusa were investigated. Seaweed growth, accumulation of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and carotenoid), and soluble protein were evaluated. White LED light was the optimal supplementary light when cultivating Ulva pertusa and Sargassum fusiforme, because it promoted seaweed growth while maintaining protein production. Meanwhile, red LED was unfavored in the cultivation of S. fusiforme, as it affected the seaweed growth and has a lower residual energy ratio underneath the water. LEDs would be a promising supplementary light source for seaweed cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shitao Huang
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ke Li
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yaoru Pan
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Thomas Wernberg
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Thibaut de Bettignies
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,UMS 2006 Patrimoine Naturel (PatriNat), OFB-CNRS-MNHN, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Jiaping Wu
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chaosheng Zhou
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute (Zhejiang Key Lab of Exploitation and Preservation of Coastal Bio-resource), Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhixing Huang
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute (Zhejiang Key Lab of Exploitation and Preservation of Coastal Bio-resource), Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xi Xiao
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
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35
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A New Shifting Strategy in Flashing Light Based on the Cell Growth Curve to Enhance β-carotene Biosynthesis in Dunaliella salina. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:2733-2740. [PMID: 34032884 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02542-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae Dunaliella salina has been recognized as an effective source of β-carotene. To elevate the productivity of this species, light has been served as an important induction factor, in this regard, a new idea was inspired as designing a red-to-blue wavelength shifting system based on the growth rate and cell behavior. A photobioreactor was exposed to two panels of flashing red and blue LEDs. At the commencement of the stationary phase, the wavelength shifting was applied and red LEDs were replaced with blue ones. Maximum β-carotene content of 10 mg.g-1 was obtained; at least 300% higher than the content in the controlled system (flashing red and blue light to the end of growth).
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36
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Sui Y, Harvey PJ. Effect of Light Intensity and Wavelength on Biomass Growth and Protein and Amino Acid Composition of Dunaliella salina. Foods 2021; 10:foods10051018. [PMID: 34067033 PMCID: PMC8150290 DOI: 10.3390/foods10051018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dunaliella salina is a halotolerant, photoautotrophic marine microalga and one of the richest sources of natural carotenoids but also shows potential as a novel food source with high protein quality. This study sought to optimise the production of biomass, protein and amino acids from D. salina, alongside carotenoids using a two-stage cultivation approach based on the use of light of different intensities and quality, i.e., white, red and blue LED light. In stage 1, four white LED light intensities were tested. In stage 2, the same four light intensities from either blue or red LEDs were applied once exponential growth ceased and cells reached the stationary phase under white LED light in stage 1. Remarkably, both biomass concentration and biomass productivity showed a 1.3–1.7-fold increase in stage 2, without medium replenishment, while protein concentration and protein productivity showed an ~1.1-fold increase. The amino acid content and amino acid index remained unchanged from stage 1 to stage 2, and minimum difference was found across different light intensities. Overall, D. salina delivered so-called high protein quality, with an essential amino acid index (EAAI) of 0.99, and red light, which has previously been shown to increase carotenoid production, boosted further biomass production over and above white light, at all light intensities tested.
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Chatragadda R, Dufossé L. Ecological and Biotechnological Aspects of Pigmented Microbes: A Way Forward in Development of Food and Pharmaceutical Grade Pigments. Microorganisms 2021; 9:637. [PMID: 33803896 PMCID: PMC8003166 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial pigments play multiple roles in the ecosystem construction, survival, and fitness of all kinds of organisms. Considerably, microbial (bacteria, fungi, yeast, and microalgae) pigments offer a wide array of food, drug, colorants, dyes, and imaging applications. In contrast to the natural pigments from microbes, synthetic colorants are widely used due to high production, high intensity, and low cost. Nevertheless, natural pigments are gaining more demand over synthetic pigments as synthetic pigments have demonstrated side effects on human health. Therefore, research on microbial pigments needs to be extended, explored, and exploited to find potential industrial applications. In this review, the evolutionary aspects, the spatial significance of important pigments, biomedical applications, research gaps, and future perspectives are detailed briefly. The pathogenic nature of some pigmented bacteria is also detailed for awareness and safe handling. In addition, pigments from macro-organisms are also discussed in some sections for comparison with microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Chatragadda
- Biological Oceanography Division (BOD), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Institute of Oceanography (CSIR-NIO), Dona Paula 403004, Goa, India
| | - Laurent Dufossé
- Chemistry and Biotechnology of Natural Products (CHEMBIOPRO Lab), Ecole Supérieure d’Ingénieurs Réunion Océan Indien (ESIROI), Département Agroalimentaire, Université de La Réunion, F-97744 Saint-Denis, France
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Isolation of Industrial Important Bioactive Compounds from Microalgae. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040943. [PMID: 33579001 PMCID: PMC7916812 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are known as a rich source of bioactive compounds which exhibit different biological activities. Increased demand for sustainable biomass for production of important bioactive components with various potential especially therapeutic applications has resulted in noticeable interest in algae. Utilisation of microalgae in multiple scopes has been growing in various industries ranging from harnessing renewable energy to exploitation of high-value products. The focuses of this review are on production and the use of value-added components obtained from microalgae with current and potential application in the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, cosmeceutical, energy and agri-food industries, as well as for bioremediation. Moreover, this work discusses the advantage, potential new beneficial strains, applications, limitations, research gaps and future prospect of microalgae in industry.
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Xi Y, Kong F, Chi Z. ROS Induce β-Carotene Biosynthesis Caused by Changes of Photosynthesis Efficiency and Energy Metabolism in Dunaliella salina Under Stress Conditions. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:613768. [PMID: 33520962 PMCID: PMC7844308 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.613768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The unicellular alga Dunaliella salina is regarded as a promising cell factory for the commercial production of β-carotene due to its high yield of carotenoids. However, the underlying mechanism of β-carotene accumulation is still unclear. In this study, the regulatory mechanism of β-carotene accumulation in D. salina under stress conditions was investigated. Our results indicated that there is a significant positive correlation between the cellular ROS level and β-carotene content, and the maximum quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm) of PSII is negatively correlated with β-carotene content under stress conditions. The increase of ROS was found to be coupled with the inhibition of Fv/Fm of PSII in D. salina under stress conditions. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis of the cells cultivated with H2O2 supplementation showed that the major differentially expressed genes involved in β-carotene metabolism were upregulated, whereas the genes involved in photosynthesis were downregulated. These results indicated that ROS induce β-carotene accumulation in D. salina through fine-tuning genes which were involved in photosynthesis and β-carotene biosynthesis. Our study provided a better understanding of the regulatory mechanism involved in β-carotene accumulation in D. salina, which might be useful for overaccumulation of carotenoids and other valuable compounds in other microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Xi
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Fantao Kong
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Zhanyou Chi
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
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Harvey PJ, Ben-Amotz A. Towards a sustainable Dunaliella salina microalgal biorefinery for 9-cis β-carotene production. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Silva SC, Ferreira ICFR, Dias MM, Barreiro MF. Microalgae-Derived Pigments: A 10-Year Bibliometric Review and Industry and Market Trend Analysis. Molecules 2020; 25:E3406. [PMID: 32731380 PMCID: PMC7435790 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae productive chains are gaining importance as sustainable alternatives to obtain natural pigments. This work presents a review on the most promising pigments and microalgal sources by gathering trends from a 10-year bibliometric survey, a patents search, and an industrial and market analysis built from available market reports, projects and companies' webpages. The performed analysis pointed out chlorophylls, phycocyanin, astaxanthin, and β-carotene as the most relevant pigments, and Chlorella vulgaris, Spirulina platensis, Haematococcus pluvialis, and Dunaliella salina, respectively, as the most studied sources. Haematococcus is referred in the highest number of patents, corroborating a high technological interest in this microalga. The biorefinery concept, investment in projects and companies related to microalgae cultivation and/or pigment extraction is increasingly growing, particularly, for phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis. These pieces of evidence are a step forward to consolidate the microalgal pigments market, which is expected to grow in the coming years, increasing the prospects of replacing synthetic pigments by natural counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samara C. Silva
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (S.C.S.); (I.C.F.R.F.)
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering—Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (S.C.S.); (I.C.F.R.F.)
| | - Madalena M. Dias
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering—Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
| | - M. Filomena Barreiro
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (S.C.S.); (I.C.F.R.F.)
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Colusse GA, Mendes CRB, Duarte MER, Carvalho JCD, Noseda MD. Effects of different culture media on physiological features and laboratory scale production cost of Dunaliella salina. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 27:e00508. [PMID: 32775232 PMCID: PMC7399117 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Comparison among well-known marine microalgae culture media was performed. Conway medium increased cellular growth of Dunaliella salina. Johnson medium improved accumulation of photosynthetic pigments. Microalgal biomass showed a cost variation of US$4.64–301.61 per kg in lab scale. Monitoring of pigment profile proved to be essential in microalgal parameters.
Microalgal cultivation system depends on optimal parameters obtained from laboratory conditions to overcome high-value compounds production and decrease cost. In this study, the laboratory-scale cultivation of Dunaliella salina was performed to explore the cost and biochemical effects on biomass cultivated using F/2, Conway, and Johnson media. D. salina cultivation was monitored by cell counting, dry biomass measurements and biochemical analyses. Photosynthetic pigment profiles were identified and quantified through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) whereas economic evaluation was based on media cost. Cellular growth parameters were significantly improved by Conway medium, whereas maximum accumulation of pigments, especially violaxanthin (0.855 mg g−1) and chlorophyll a (14.255 mg g−1) were observed when Johnson medium was used. Conway-biomass showed 43 % of total lipid content. This value represents 1.5 and 1.4 times higher than lipid content found in Johnson- and F/2-biomass, respectively. Furthermore, media cost presented a variation of US$1.17–49.62 for each 103 L of media mainly due to NaNO3, KNO3, and cyanocobalamin supplementation. Thus, biomass production showed a cost variation of US$4.64–301.61 per kg on a dry weight basis. These outcomes emphasize the suitability of laboratory parameters and cost comparison among biomass produced by different media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Augusto Colusse
- Postgraduate Program in Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, CEP 81531-990, PO BOX 19011, Curitiba, Brazil
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, CEP 81531-980, PO BOX 19046, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Carlos Rafael Borges Mendes
- Institute of Oceanography, Federal University of Rio Grande, Av. Itália, Km 8, CEP 96203-900, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Maria Eugênia Rabello Duarte
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, CEP 81531-980, PO BOX 19046, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Julio Cesar de Carvalho
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, CEP 81531-990, PO BOX 19011, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Miguel Daniel Noseda
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, CEP 81531-980, PO BOX 19046, Curitiba, Brazil
- Corresponding author.
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Pagels F, Lopes G, Vasconcelos V, Guedes AC. White and red LEDs as two-phase batch for cyanobacterial pigments production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 307:123105. [PMID: 32222686 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids and phycobiliproteins have a high economic value, due to their wide range of biological and industrial applications. The implementation of strategies to increase their production, such as the application of two-phase light cultivation systems, can stimulate pigments production, increasing economic turnover. In this sense, Cyanobium sp. was grown in seven different two-phase white/red cultivation arrangements, varying the time of each light from 0 to 21 days. Biomass, photosynthetic activity, pigments profile and antioxidant capacity were measured along time. Red light increased photosynthetic activity and pigments content (ca. 1.8-fold), and the use of a two-phase cultivation system generally raised bioactivity and production of phytochemicals. Among the studied, the optimal cultivation condition was found with 10 days of white followed by 4 days of red light. The optimized growth led to a productivity of 137.4 ± 0.8 mg L-1 d-1 of biomass, 17.0 ± 0.2 mg L-1 d-1 of total phycobiliproteins and 4.5 ± 0.2 mg L-1 d-1 of carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Pagels
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Graciliana Lopes
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - A Catarina Guedes
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
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Mazzucchi L, Xu Y, Harvey P. Stereoisomers of Colourless Carotenoids from the Marine Microalga Dunaliella salina. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081880. [PMID: 32325762 PMCID: PMC7222010 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids comprise a diverse range of naturally occurring stereoisomers, which differ in their physico-chemical properties. Their biosynthesis begins with phytoene, which is a rarity among carotenoids because it is colourless. Phytoene is sought after as a skin protectant against harmful UV range B (290-320 nm) and C (100-290 nm) light, and as a natural skin-whitening agent and is synthesized from geranylgeranyl diphosphate. Geranylgeranyl diphosphate is catalysed by phytoene synthase and phytoene desaturase to phytoene and phytofluene, respectively. The subsequent steps involve desaturation, isomerisation and cyclisation reactions to form α- and β-carotene stereoisomers, via all-trans lycopene. The marine microalga Dunaliella salina is the richest source of β-carotene, but it can accumulate phytoene and phytofluene as well. In the present study, different analytical tools including High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Ultra-Performance Convergence Chromatography (UPC2-MS) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) were used to characterize and quantify the phytoene isomeric configurations in D. salina in order to explore both the feasibility of D. salina as a cell factory for phytoene production and to gain new insight into the carotenoid synthesis pathway in D. salina. D. salina, similar to tomato, produced predominantly 15-cis phytoene isomer (>98%) and a trace amount of all-trans phytoene (<2%). High light stress, red light stress, or use of a phytoene desaturase inhibitor or a mitotic disrupter herbicide led to the accumulation of 15-cis phytoene but not all-trans phytoene. 9-cis phytoene was not detected in any of the extracts of D. salina biomass. Our main findings suggest that 15-cis phytoene is the most abundant isomer in D. salina and that it is subject to a series of isomerisation and desaturation reactions to form all-trans and 9-cis β-carotene.
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Abstract
Sea and marine biodiversity exploration represents a new frontier for the discovery of new natural products with human health benefits ("the exploitable biology", [...].
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Pereira S, Otero A. Effect of light quality on carotenogenic and non-carotenogenic species of the genus Dunaliella under nitrogen deficiency. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Xu Y, Harvey PJ. Red Light Control of β-Carotene Isomerisation to 9-cis β-Carotene and Carotenoid Accumulation in Dunaliella salina. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8050148. [PMID: 31137878 PMCID: PMC6562661 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8050148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Dunaliella salina is a rich source of 9-cis β-carotene, which has been identified as an important biomolecule in the treatment of retinal dystrophies and other diseases. We previously showed that chlorophyll absorption of red light photons in D. salina is coupled with oxygen reduction and phytoene desaturation, and that it increases the pool size of β-carotene. Here, we show for the first time that growth under red light also controls the conversion of extant all-trans β-carotene to 9-cis β-carotene by β-carotene isomerases. Cells illuminated with red light from a light emitting diode (LED) during cultivation contained a higher 9-cis β-carotene content compared to cells illuminated with white or blue LED light. The 9-cis/all-trans β-carotene ratio in red light treated cultures reached >2.5 within 48 h, and was independent of light intensity. Illumination using red light filters that eliminated blue wavelength light also increased the 9-cis/all-trans β-carotene ratio. With norflurazon, a phytoene desaturase inhibitor which blocked downstream biosynthesis of β-carotene, extant all-trans β-carotene was converted to 9-cis β-carotene during growth with red light and the 9-cis/all-trans β-carotene ratio was ~2. With blue light under the same conditions, 9-cis β-carotene was likely destroyed at a greater rate than all-trans β-carotene (9-cis/all-trans ratio 0.5). Red light perception by the red light photoreceptor, phytochrome, may increase the pool size of anti-oxidant, specifically 9-cis β-carotene, both by upregulating phytoene synthase to increase the rate of biosynthesis of β-carotene and to reduce the rate of formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and by upregulating β-carotene isomerases to convert extant all-trans β-carotene to 9-cis β-carotene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Xu
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK.
| | - Patricia J Harvey
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK.
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