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Gam S, Petz AK, Bjerre LR, Bøgild J, Nielsen AB, Sørensen RN, Kolind MI, Gram B, Hansen S, Aagaard P. Intersession reliability of lower limb muscle strength assessments in adults with obesity eligible for bariatric surgery. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2024; 44:303-312. [PMID: 38462744 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to examine the test-retest reliability in lower limb muscle strength and rate of torque development (RTD) using isokinetic dynamometry in adults with obesity, with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 35 kg/m2. METHOD Thirty-two adults with a BMI of 43.8 ± 6.6 kg/m2 eligible for bariatric surgery were enroled in the study. Isokinetic and isometric knee extensor (KE) and flexor (KF) strength were assessed in an isokinetic dynamometer (Biodex 4) during three test sessions separated by 3-7 days. RESULTS There were no statistical differences in peak KE and KF torque for any test modalities between sessions. Intraclass correlation (ICC) was 0.91-0.94 between sessions 1 and 2 and 0.94-0.97 between sessions 2 and 3. Standard error of measurement (SEM%) and coefficient of variation (CV) ranged across test sessions from 4.3% to 7.3%. KE RTD showed high test-retest reliability following familiarization, with ICC, CV and SEM% values ranging from 0.84 to 0.90, 13.3%-20.3% and 14.6%-24.9%, respectively. CONCLUSION Maximal lower limb muscle strength measured by isokinetic dynamometry showed excellent test-retest reliability manifested by small measurement errors and low CV. Reliability was slightly improved by including a familiarization session. KE RTD but not KF RTD demonstrated high test-retest reliability following familiarization. The present data indicate that isokinetic dynamometry can be used to detect even small changes in lower limb muscle strength in adults with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren Gam
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anders K Petz
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lukas R Bjerre
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Bøgild
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anders B Nielsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rikke N Sørensen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mikkel I Kolind
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense, Denmark
| | - Bibi Gram
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Research unit of Endocrinology: Bariatrics and Diabetes, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Stinus Hansen
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Per Aagaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Franco-López F, Durkalec-Michalski K, Díaz-Morón J, Higueras-Liébana E, Hernández-Belmonte A, Courel-Ibáñez J. Using Resistance-Band Tests to Evaluate Trunk Muscle Strength in Chronic Low Back Pain: A Test-Retest Reliability Study. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:4131. [PMID: 39000910 PMCID: PMC11244540 DOI: 10.3390/s24134131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Exercise is a front-line intervention to increase functional capacity and reduce pain and disability in people with low strength levels or disorders. However, there is a lack of validated field-based tests to check the initial status and, more importantly, to control the process and make tailored adjustments in load, intensity, and recovery. We aimed to determine the test-retest reliability of a submaximal, resistance-band test to evaluate the strength of the trunk stability muscles using a portable force sensor in middle-aged adults (48 ± 13 years) with medically diagnosed chronic low back pain and healthy peers (n = 35). Participants completed two submaximal progressive tests of two resistance-band exercises (unilateral row and Pallof press), consisting of 5 s maintained contraction, progressively increasing the load. The test stopped when deviation from the initial position by compensation movements occurred. Trunk muscle strength (CORE muscles) was monitored in real time using a portable force sensor (strain gauge). Results revealed that both tests were highly reliable (intra-class correlation [ICC] > 0.901) and presented low errors and coefficients of variation (CV) in both groups. In particular, people with low back pain had errors of 14-19 N (CV = 9-12%) in the unilateral row test and 13-19 N (CV = 8-12%) in the Pallof press. No discomfort or pain was reported during or after the tests. These two easy-to-use and technology-based tests result in a reliable and objective screening tool to evaluate the strength and trunk stability in middle-aged adults with chronic low back pain, considering an error of measurement < 20 N. This contribution may have an impact on improving the individualization and control of rehabilitation or physical training in people with lumbar injuries or disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Franco-López
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, 30720 Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - Enrique Higueras-Liébana
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, 30720 Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Javier Courel-Ibáñez
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 52005 Melilla, Spain
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Ignatoglou D, Paliouras A, Paraskevopoulos E, Strimpakos N, Bilika P, Papandreou M, Kapreli E. Pole Dancing-Specific Muscle Strength: Development and Reliability of a Novel Assessment Protocol. Methods Protoc 2024; 7:44. [PMID: 38804338 PMCID: PMC11163365 DOI: 10.3390/mps7030044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pole dancing is a physically demanding sport that combines dance and acrobatic movements on a vertical pole. Despite its highly growing popularity, there is currently limited research in the field. The aim of this study was to create and evaluate a strength assessment protocol for athletes in pole dancing, with a specific focus on functional positions on the pole. METHODS Thirty-two female pole dancing athletes participated in this study. Maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) were measured at three different sport-specific positions on the pole (shoulder abduction and adduction, and hip adduction), on two separate days (test and re-test) with a five to seven day interval between them. A hand-held dynamometer (Activ5- Activbody) stabilized on the pole was used for this study. RESULTS The intra-session reliability was good to excellent for all sports-specific positions and for both sides of the body, across all different movements (ICC = 0.837-0.960, SEM = 5.02Kg-2.24Kg, and SDD = 27.46%-14.92%). Slightly better results were found regarding inter-session reliability (ICC = 0.927-0.970, SEM = 3.72Kg-1.97Kg, and SDD = 22.86%-15.19%). There was not a statistically significant difference between the MVICs between the left and right or dominant and non-dominant side in shoulder abduction (p = 0.105) and hip adduction (p = 0.282), in contrast to shoulder adduction (p = 0.00). CONCLUSION The strength assessment protocol developed in the current study has proven to be a reliable and functional tool, with the potential for utilization in clinical practice as part of objective strength testing. Further studies are needed in order to expand the protocol to other muscle groups and positions and to generalize the results in all pole dancing populations such as male athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Ignatoglou
- Clinical Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 35132 Lamia, Greece; (D.I.); (A.P.); (P.B.)
| | - Achilleas Paliouras
- Clinical Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 35132 Lamia, Greece; (D.I.); (A.P.); (P.B.)
| | - Eleftherios Paraskevopoulos
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Peloponnese, 23100 Sparta, Greece;
- Laboratory of Advanced Physiotherapy, Department of Physiotherapy, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece;
| | - Nikolaos Strimpakos
- Health Assessment and Quality of Life Research Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 35132 Lamia, Greece;
| | - Paraskevi Bilika
- Clinical Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 35132 Lamia, Greece; (D.I.); (A.P.); (P.B.)
| | - Maria Papandreou
- Laboratory of Advanced Physiotherapy, Department of Physiotherapy, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece;
| | - Eleni Kapreli
- Clinical Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 35132 Lamia, Greece; (D.I.); (A.P.); (P.B.)
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Maroto-Izquierdo S, Mulero P, Menéndez H, Pinto-Fraga J, Lista S, Santos-Lozano A, Téllez N. Pumping up the Fight against Multiple Sclerosis: The Effects of High-Intensity Resistance Training on Functional Capacity, Muscle Mass, and Axonal Damage. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:837. [PMID: 38667599 PMCID: PMC11050496 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12080837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance training (RT) has been recognized as a beneficial non-pharmacological intervention for multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, but its impact on neurodegeneration is not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of high-intensity RT on muscle mass, strength, functional capacity, and axonal damage in MS patients. METHODS Eleven relapsing-remitting MS patients volunteered in this within-subject counterbalanced intervention study. Serum neurofilament light-chain (NfL) concentration, vastus lateralis thickness (VL), timed up-and-go test (TUG), sit-to-stand test (60STS), and maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) were measured before and after intervention. Participants performed 18 sessions of high-intensity RT (70-80% 1-RM) over 6 weeks. RESULTS Significant (p < 0.05) differences were observed post-intervention for VL (ES = 2.15), TUG (ES = 1.98), 60STS (ES = 1.70), MVIC (ES = 1.78), and NfL (ES = 1.43). Although moderate correlations between changes in VL (R = 0.434), TUG (R = -0.536), and MVIC (R = 0.477) and changes in NfL were observed, only the correlation between VL and MVIC changes was significant (R = 0.684, p = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS A 6-week RT program significantly increased muscle mass, functional capacity, and neuromuscular function while also decreasing serum NfL in MS patients. These results suggest the effectiveness of RT as a non-pharmacological approach to mitigate neurodegeneration while improving functional capacity in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Maroto-Izquierdo
- i+HeALTH, Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Patricia Mulero
- Neurology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Héctor Menéndez
- i+HeALTH, Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - José Pinto-Fraga
- i+HeALTH, Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Simone Lista
- i+HeALTH, Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Santos-Lozano
- i+HeALTH, Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Nieves Téllez
- Neurology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
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Swales B, Ryde GC, Fletcher I, Whittaker AC. The reliability and suitability of strength assessments in frail and pre-frail older adults: recommendations for strength testing in older populations. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:820. [PMID: 38066459 PMCID: PMC10704765 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04552-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lifelong strength is fundamental to physical function, health, and quality of life. Reliable appropriate strength assessment measures for older adults play an important role in effective evaluation of baseline ability and exercise prescription to counter disease and disuse. This study aimed to investigate the within-session reliability of maximal isometric knee extension and flexion, hip abduction and adduction, and handgrip strength measures in frail and pre-frail older adults. METHOD The study was conducted at a residential care home in Birmingham, UK. All care home residents aged ≥ 65 years; pre-frail or frail according to the Fried Frailty phenotype criteria; able to speak and read English; not currently involved in any other clinical trial; without severe sensory impairments; and with a predicted life expectancy greater than the trial length were eligible. Maximal isometric lower limb testing was performed using specialised resistance training equipment and a portable measurement device, and grip strength was assessed using a portable dynamometer. All eligible participants attended a single testing session and performed three trials per measure. Peak force measures were obtained for analysis. Within-session reliability for each measure was calculated from repeated-measures analysis of variance, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and coefficients of variation (CV) with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Eleven frail and eleven pre-frail older adults participated in the study. Within-session absolute and relative measures were found to be reliable with the highest overall repeatability indicated between trial 2 and trial 3 for knee extension, hip abduction, and handgrip (CV ≤ 4.65%, ICC ≥ 0.96) with variation evident across all measures, except knee extension, from trial 1 to 2. CONCLUSIONS Overall, maximal isometric strength in frail and pre-frail older adults with no previous testing experience can be measured with good to high reliability within their first testing session. An initial two familiarisation trials followed by two measurement trials is recommended to achieve the highest level of overall repeatability. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03141879 on 05/05/2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridgitte Swales
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK.
| | - Gemma C Ryde
- The School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Iain Fletcher
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, University of Bedfordshire, Bedfordshire, England, UK
| | - Anna C Whittaker
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
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Di Giminiani R, Marinelli S, La Greca S, Di Blasio A, Angelozzi M, Cacchio A. Neuromuscular Characteristics of Unilateral and Bilateral Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contractions following ACL Reconstruction. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1173. [PMID: 37759573 PMCID: PMC10525486 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Despite the advancement of diagnostic surgical techniques in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and rehabilitation protocols following ACL injury, only half of the athletes return to sports at a competitive level. A major concern is neuromechanical dysfunction, which occurs with injuries persisting in operated and non-operated legs following ACL rehabilitation. One of the criteria for a safe return to sports participation is based on the maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) performed unilaterally and a comparison between the 'healthy knee' and the 'operated knee'. The present study aimed to investigate MVIC in athletes following ACL rehabilitation during open kinetic chain exercise performed unilaterally and bilateral exercises. Twenty subjects participated in the present investigation: 10 male athletes of regional-national level (skiers, rugby, soccer, and volleyball players) who were previously operated on one knee and received a complete rehabilitation protocol (for 6-9 months) were included in the ACL group (age: 23.4 ± 2.11 years; stature: 182.0 ± 9.9 cm; body mass: 78.6 ± 9.9 kg; body mass index: 23.7 ± 1.9 kg/m2), and 10 healthy male athletes formed the control group (CG: age: 24.0 ± 3.4 years; stature: 180.3 ± 10.7 cm; body mass: 74.9 ± 13.5 kg; body mass index: 22.8 ± 2.7 kg/m2). MVICs synchronised with electromyographic (EMG) activity (recorded on the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and biceps femoris muscles) were performed during unilateral and bilateral exertions. The rate of force development (RFD) and co-activation index (CI) were also calculated. The differences in the MVIC and RFD between the two legs within each group were not significant (p > 0.05). Vastus lateralis EMG activity during MVIC and biceps femoris EMG activity during RFD were significantly higher in the operated leg than those in the non-operated leg when exertion was performed bilaterally (p < 0.05). The CI was higher in the operated leg than that in the non-operated leg when exertion was performed bilaterally (p < 0.05). Vice versa, vastus medialis EMG activity during RFD was significantly higher in the right leg than that in the left leg when exertion was performed bilaterally (p < 0.05) in the CG. MVICs performed bilaterally represent a reliability modality for highlighting neuromechanical asymmetries. This bilateral exercise should be included in the criteria for a safe return to sports following ACL reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Di Giminiani
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.M.); (S.L.G.)
| | - Stefano Marinelli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.M.); (S.L.G.)
| | - Stefano La Greca
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.M.); (S.L.G.)
| | - Andrea Di Blasio
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, ‘G. D’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, 66013 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Massimo Angelozzi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.A.); (A.C.)
| | - Angelo Cacchio
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (M.A.); (A.C.)
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Mouth rinsing and ingesting salty or bitter solutions does not influence corticomotor excitability or neuromuscular function. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:1179-1189. [PMID: 36700971 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05141-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the effect of tasting unpleasant salty or bitter solutions on lower limb corticomotor excitability and neuromuscular function. METHODS Nine females and eleven males participated (age: 27 ± 7 years, BMI: 25.3 ± 4.0 kg m-2). Unpleasant salty (1 M) and bitter (2 mM quinine) solutions were compared to water, sweetened water, and no solution, which functioned as control conditions. In a non-blinded randomized cross-over order, each solution was mouth rinsed (10 s) and ingested before perceptual responses, instantaneous heart rate (a marker of autonomic nervous system activation), quadricep corticomotor excitability (motor-evoked potential amplitude) and neuromuscular function during a maximal voluntary contraction (maximum voluntary force, resting twitch force, voluntary activation, 0-50 ms impulse, 0-100 impulse, 100-200 ms impulse) were measured. RESULTS Hedonic value (water: 47 ± 8%, sweet: 23 ± 17%, salt: 71 ± 8%, bitter: 80 ± 10%), taste intensity, unpleasantness and increases in heart rate (no solution: 14 ± 5 bpm, water: 18 ± 5 bpm, sweet: 20 ± 5 bpm, salt: 24 ± 7 bpm, bitter: 23 ± 6 bpm) were significantly higher in the salty and bitter conditions compared to control conditions. Nausea was low in all conditions (< 15%) but was significantly higher in salty and bitter conditions compared to water (water: 3 ± 5%, sweet: 6 ± 13%, salt: 7 ± 9%, bitter: 14 ± 16%). There was no significant difference between conditions in neuromuscular function or corticomotor excitability variables. CONCLUSION At rest, unpleasant tastes appear to have no influence on quadricep corticomotor excitability or neuromuscular function. These data question the mechanisms via which unpleasant tastes are proposed to influence exercise performance.
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Neuromuscular and functional responses in professional soccer players during pre-season: implications for injury prevention. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-021-00769-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Buendía-Romero Á, Hernández-Belmonte A, Martínez-Cava A, García-Conesa S, Franco-López F, Conesa-Ros E, Courel-Ibáñez J. Isometric knee extension test: A practical, repeatable, and suitable tool for lower-limb screening among institutionalized older adults. Exp Gerontol 2021; 155:111575. [PMID: 34582970 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to analyze the isometric knee extension test (IKE) test in terms of i) intra- and inter-session repeatability, and ii) relationship with functional and body composition factors of sarcopenia among institutionalized older adults. Thirteen institutionalized older adults (age = 87 ± 10 years, body mass [BM] = 73.1 ± 10.9 kg, body mass index [BMI] = 28.5 ± 3.8 kg·m2) were recruited from a nursing home. Variability of maximal isometric force registered in three IKE trials performed on the same day was used to examine intra-session repeatability, whereas inter-session repeatability was analyzed by comparing maximal isometric force from two different days. Furthermore, functional (Handgrip, 6-m Gait Speed, Time Up and Go [TUG], and Sit-to-stand tests) and body composition (appendicular lean mass adjusted by BMI, ALM/BMI) evaluations were conducted. Statistics included the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the standard error of measurement (SEM), expressed in both absolute (N·kg-1) and relative terms (coefficient of variation, CV = 100 × SEM / mean). High to very high intra-session repeatability was found for both the dominant and non-dominant legs (CV ≤ 6.0%, ICC ≥ 0.989). Similarly, both legs showed high inter-session repeatability (SEM ≤ 0.26 N·kg-1, ICC ≥ 0.959). On the other hand, significant relationships were found between Dominant and Non-dominant IKE tests and 6-m Gait Speed (r = 0.77; r = 0.58), ALM/BMI (r = 0.62; r = 0.58), and Non-dominant Handgrip/BM (r = 0.60; r = 0.68). In addition, a significant association was found between Dominant IKE/BM and TUG (r = -0.74), as well as between Non-dominant IKE/BM and Dominant Handgrip/BM (r = 0.67). These findings suggest that the IKE test is a repeatable and suitable strategy for lower-limb screening in institutionalized older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Buendía-Romero
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Human Performance and Sports Science Laboratory, University of Murcia, Murcia, (Spain)
| | - Alejandro Hernández-Belmonte
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Human Performance and Sports Science Laboratory, University of Murcia, Murcia, (Spain)
| | - Alejandro Martínez-Cava
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Human Performance and Sports Science Laboratory, University of Murcia, Murcia, (Spain)
| | - Silverio García-Conesa
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Human Performance and Sports Science Laboratory, University of Murcia, Murcia, (Spain)
| | - Francisco Franco-López
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Human Performance and Sports Science Laboratory, University of Murcia, Murcia, (Spain)
| | - Elena Conesa-Ros
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Human Performance and Sports Science Laboratory, University of Murcia, Murcia, (Spain)
| | - Javier Courel-Ibáñez
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Human Performance and Sports Science Laboratory, University of Murcia, Murcia, (Spain).
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Pradas F, Ara I, Toro V, Courel-Ibáñez J. Benefits of Regular Table Tennis Practice in Body Composition and Physical Fitness Compared to Physically Active Children Aged 10-11 Years. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:2854. [PMID: 33799620 PMCID: PMC8000723 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18062854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the differences in body composition and physical fitness between children who played table tennis regularly during a two-year period compared to physically active children who were not engaged in a regular activity. Three hundred seventy-four children aged 10 to 11 years were divided into two groups: table tennis players (n = 109 boys and 73 girls) and physically active group (n = 88 boys and 104 girls). Anthropometric analysis included body mass index, skinfolds, perimeters and bone diameters. Somatotype and body composition were determined according to age-specific equations. Physical fitness assessment included hand grip dynamometry (strength), sit-and-reach test (range of movement) and maximal multistage 20 m shuttle run test (cardiovascular fitness). The result show that children who regularly played table tennis had greater bone development and superior physical fitness compared to those who were physically active but not engaged in a regular physical activity. This is the largest study to date presenting data about the potential of table tennis to benefit health in children. These results constitute an important first step in clarifying the effectiveness of table tennis as a health-promotion strategy to encourage children to undertake regular physical activity and limit sedentary behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Pradas
- Research Group Training, Physical Activity and Sports Performance (ENFYRED), University of Zaragoza, 22003 Huesca, Spain;
| | - Ignacio Ara
- Research Group Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD), Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain;
| | - Víctor Toro
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Sports Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, University Avenue, 10003 Cáceres, Spain;
| | - Javier Courel-Ibáñez
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, 30720 Murcia, Spain
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