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Wu L, Zhang L, Yuan L, Liao Q, Xiang J, Zhang D, Qiu T, Liu J, Guo J. Spatio-temporal variation of toxin-producing gene abundance in Microcystis aeruginosa from Poyang Lake. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:2930-2943. [PMID: 38079038 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31284-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) causes massive blooms in eutrophic freshwater and releases microcystin. Poyang Lake is the largest freshwater lake in China and has kept a mid-nutrient level in recent years. However, there is little research on microcystin production in Poyang Lake. In this study, water and sediment samples from ten sampling sites in Poyang Lake were collected from May to December in 2020, and from January to April in 2021 respectively. Microcystis genes (mcyA, mcyB, 16 s rDNA) were quantified by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR analysis, and then the spatial and temporal variation of mcy genes, physicochemical factors, and bacterial population structure in the lake was analyzed. The relationship between the abundance of mcy genes and physicochemical factors in water column was also revealed. Results indicated that the microcystin-producing genes mcyA and mcyB showed significant differences in spatial and temporal levels as well, which is closely related to the physicochemical factors especially the water temperature (p < 0.05) and the nitrogen content (p < 0.05). The abundance of mcy genes in the sediment in December affected the abundance of mcy genes in the water column in the next year, while the toxic Microcystis would accumulate in the sediment. In addition to the toxic Microcystis, we also found a large number of non-toxic Microcystis in the water column and sediment, and the ratio of toxic to non-toxic species can also affect the toxicity production of M. aeruginosa. Overall, the results showed that M. aeruginosa toxin-producing genes in Poyang Lake distributed spatially and temporally which related to the physicochemical factors of Poyang Lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wu
- Institute for Quality & Safety and Standards of Agricultural Products Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanlian Road 602, Nanchang, 330200, People's Republic of China
- Institute WUT-AMU, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute for Quality & Safety and Standards of Agricultural Products Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanlian Road 602, Nanchang, 330200, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Yuan
- Institute for Quality & Safety and Standards of Agricultural Products Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanlian Road 602, Nanchang, 330200, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiegen Liao
- Institute for Quality & Safety and Standards of Agricultural Products Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanlian Road 602, Nanchang, 330200, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Xiang
- Institute for Quality & Safety and Standards of Agricultural Products Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanlian Road 602, Nanchang, 330200, People's Republic of China
| | - Dawen Zhang
- Institute for Quality & Safety and Standards of Agricultural Products Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanlian Road 602, Nanchang, 330200, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tong Qiu
- Institute WUT-AMU, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jutao Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Water Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, Jiangxi, China
| | - Junhui Guo
- Institute WUT-AMU, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
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2
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Nugumanova G, Ponomarev ED, Askarova S, Fasler-Kan E, Barteneva NS. Freshwater Cyanobacterial Toxins, Cyanopeptides and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15030233. [PMID: 36977124 PMCID: PMC10057253 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15030233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria produce a wide range of structurally diverse cyanotoxins and bioactive cyanopeptides in freshwater, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems. The health significance of these metabolites, which include genotoxic- and neurotoxic agents, is confirmed by continued associations between the occurrence of animal and human acute toxic events and, in the long term, by associations between cyanobacteria and neurodegenerative diseases. Major mechanisms related to the neurotoxicity of cyanobacteria compounds include (1) blocking of key proteins and channels; (2) inhibition of essential enzymes in mammalian cells such as protein phosphatases and phosphoprotein phosphatases as well as new molecular targets such as toll-like receptors 4 and 8. One of the widely discussed implicated mechanisms includes a misincorporation of cyanobacterial non-proteogenic amino acids. Recent research provides evidence that non-proteinogenic amino acid BMAA produced by cyanobacteria have multiple effects on translation process and bypasses the proof-reading ability of the aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetase. Aberrant proteins generated by non-canonical translation may be a factor in neuronal death and neurodegeneration. We hypothesize that the production of cyanopeptides and non-canonical amino acids is a more general mechanism, leading to mistranslation, affecting protein homeostasis, and targeting mitochondria in eukaryotic cells. It can be evolutionarily ancient and initially developed to control phytoplankton communities during algal blooms. Outcompeting gut symbiotic microorganisms may lead to dysbiosis, increased gut permeability, a shift in blood-brain-barrier functionality, and eventually, mitochondrial dysfunction in high-energy demanding neurons. A better understanding of the interaction between cyanopeptides metabolism and the nervous system will be crucial to target or to prevent neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Nugumanova
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Eugene D Ponomarev
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Sholpan Askarova
- Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Elizaveta Fasler-Kan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital, Inselspital Bern, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Natasha S Barteneva
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
- The Environment & Resource Efficiency Cluster (EREC), Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
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Stoyneva-Gärtner M, Stefanova K, Uzunov B, Radkova M, Gärtner G. Cuspidothrix Is the First Genetically Proved Anatoxin A Producer in Bulgarian Lakes and Reservoirs. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14110778. [PMID: 36356028 PMCID: PMC9696308 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14110778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper presents the first proof of planktonic cyanoprokaryote genus Cuspidothrix as an anatoxin A (ATX) producer in Bulgarian wetlands. The results from polymerase chain reaction (PCR) obtained from two summer sampling campaigns in 26 selected lakes and reservoirs demonstrated presence of the anaC gene, responsible for ATX production in 21 strains of the genus. They were found in three waterbodies sampled in 2018 (coastal lake Vaya, coastal reservoir Poroy, inland reservoir Sinyata Reka) and in four waterbodies sampled in 2019 (inland reservoirs Duvanli, Koprinka, Plachidol 2, Sinyata Reka). The detected genetic diversity generally corresponds to the observations conducted by conventional light microscopy, by which we distinguished three species of Cuspidothrix (Cuspidothrix issatschenkoi, Cuspidothrix elenkinii and Cuspidothrix tropicalis, the latter considered alien in the country). Eleven strains showed high similarity to two sequences of C. issatschenkoi available from the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Ten other strains assembled in a group, which-in lack of available from NCBI genetic sequences-were presumed related to C. tropicalis and C. elenkinii after comparison with the results from light microscopy. Cuspidothrix strains found in Bulgarian waterbodies showed high genetic similarity to those isolated and sequenced from Asia (Japan, China) and Northern Europe (Norway, Finland).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katerina Stefanova
- AgroBio Institute, Bulgarian Agricultural Academy, BG-1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Blagoy Uzunov
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Botany, Sofia University, BG-1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Correspondence:
| | - Mariana Radkova
- AgroBio Institute, Bulgarian Agricultural Academy, BG-1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Georg Gärtner
- Institute of Botany, Innsbruck University, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Passos LS, de Almeida ÉC, Villela A, Fernandes AN, Marinho MM, Gomes LC, Pinto E. Cyanotoxins and water quality parameters as risk assessment indicators for aquatic life in reservoirs. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 241:113828. [PMID: 36068755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the extent of pollution in an essential public water supply reservoir (southeastern Brazil). An environmental monitoring study was performed at the Billings Reservoir (at the water catchment site) to assess the water quality in 2017, 2018, and 2019. Physicochemical parameters were analyzed, quantifying the total cyanobacteria and the cyanotoxins microcystins (MCs) and saxitoxins (SXTs), as well as their possible ecological risk to the aquatic environment. We also determined metals and metalloids (As, Ba, Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn, and Sb) and fecal bacteria (Escherichia coli). Monthly samplings were performed for 2017, 2018, and 2019 (totaling 36 sampling campaigns). Metals, metalloids, and E. coli values were below the maximum limit allowed by the Brazilian legislation. High concentrations of total cyanobacteria (3.07 × 104 - 3.23 × 105 cells/mL), microcystin variants MC-LR (0.67-23.63 μg/L), MC-LA (0.03-8.66 μg/L), MC-RR (0.56-7.92 μg/L), and MC-YR (0.04-1.24 μg/L), as well as the saxitoxins GTX2 (0.18-5.37 μg/L), GTX3 (0.13-4.40 μg/L), and STX (0.12-2.92 μg/L) were detected. From an ecotoxicological point of view, the estimated values for the risk quotient (RQ) for microcystins and saxitoxins were largely greater than 1, indicating a high risk to aquatic life. Therefore, further efforts need to be made to delay the eutrophication of the reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Souza Passos
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Centenário, 13416-000 Piracicaba, Brazil; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Éryka Costa de Almeida
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Villela
- Laboratory of Ictiology of Altamira, Federal University of Pará, Rua Cel. José Porfírio, 68378-000 Altamira, Brazil
| | - Adilson Nunes Fernandes
- Departamento de Recursos Hídricos Metropolitanos (MAR), Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo (SABESP), Rua Costa Carvalho, 05429-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Manzi Marinho
- Department of Plant Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Levy Carvalho Gomes
- Laboratory of Applied Ichthyology, Vila Velha University, Rua José Dantas de Melo, 29102-770 Vila Velha, Brazil
| | - Ernani Pinto
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Centenário, 13416-000 Piracicaba, Brazil; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil; Food Research Center (FoRC-CEPID), University of São Paulo, Rua do Lago, 05508-080 São Paulo, Brazil
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Overlingė D, Toruńska-Sitarz A, Kataržytė M, Pilkaitytė R, Gyraitė G, Mazur-Marzec H. Characterization and Diversity of Microcystins Produced by Cyanobacteria from the Curonian Lagoon (SE Baltic Sea). Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13120838. [PMID: 34941676 PMCID: PMC8703916 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13120838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are the most widely distributed and structurally diverse cyanotoxins that can have significant health impacts on living organisms, including humans. The identification of MC variants and their quantification is very important for toxicological assessment. Within this study, we explored the diversity of MCs and their potential producers from the Curonian Lagoon. MC profiles were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method, while the potential producers were detected based on the presence of genus-specific mcyE gene sequences. Among the numerous MCs detected, one new potential MC variant with m/z 1057 was partially characterized. Moreover, two other MCs with m/z 1075 and m/z 1068 might belong to new variants with serine (Ser), rarely detected in position one of the peptides. They might also represent MC-Y(OMe)R and MC-WR, respectively. However, the application of a low-resolution MS/MS system made the unambiguous identification of the MCs impossible. Based on this example, the problems of peptide structure identification are discussed in the work. Genetic analysis revealed that potential MCs producers include Dolichospermum/Anabaena, Microcystis spp., and Planktothrix agardhii. The diversity and temporal variations in MC profiles may indicate the presence of several chemotypes of cyanobacteria in the Curonian Lagoon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donata Overlingė
- Marine Research Institute, Klaipeda University, University Avenue 17, 92295 Klaipeda, Lithuania; (M.K.); (R.P.); (G.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Toruńska-Sitarz
- Division of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdańsk, Marszałka J. Piłsudskiego 46, PL-81378 Gdynia, Poland; (A.T.-S.); (H.M.-M.)
| | - Marija Kataržytė
- Marine Research Institute, Klaipeda University, University Avenue 17, 92295 Klaipeda, Lithuania; (M.K.); (R.P.); (G.G.)
| | - Renata Pilkaitytė
- Marine Research Institute, Klaipeda University, University Avenue 17, 92295 Klaipeda, Lithuania; (M.K.); (R.P.); (G.G.)
| | - Greta Gyraitė
- Marine Research Institute, Klaipeda University, University Avenue 17, 92295 Klaipeda, Lithuania; (M.K.); (R.P.); (G.G.)
| | - Hanna Mazur-Marzec
- Division of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdańsk, Marszałka J. Piłsudskiego 46, PL-81378 Gdynia, Poland; (A.T.-S.); (H.M.-M.)
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Drobac Backović D, Tokodi N, Marinović Z, Lujić J, Dulić T, Simić SB, Đorđević NB, Kitanović N, Šćekić I, Urbányi B, Meriluoto J, Svirčev Z. Cyanobacteria, cyanotoxins, and their histopathological effects on fish tissues in Fehérvárcsurgó reservoir, Hungary. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:554. [PMID: 34357469 PMCID: PMC8346436 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09324-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are important members of lake plankton, but they have the ability to form blooms and produce cyanotoxins and thus cause a number of adverse effects. Freshwater ecosystems around the world have been investigated for the distribution of cyanobacteria and their toxins and the effects they have on the ecosystems. Similar research was performed on the Fehérvárcsurgó reservoir in Hungary during 2018. Cyanobacteria were present and blooming, and the highest abundance was recorded in July (2,822,000 cells/mL). The species present were Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, Microcystis flos-aquae, Microcystis wesenbergii, Cuspidothrix issatschenkoi, Dolichospermum flos-aquae, and Snowella litoralis. In July and September, the microcystin encoding gene mcyE and the saxitoxin encoding gene sxtG were amplified in the biomass samples. While a low concentration of microcystin-RR was found in one water sample from July, analyses of Abramis brama and Carassius gibelio caught from the reservoir did not show the presence of the investigated microcystins in the fish tissue. However, several histopathological changes, predominantly in gills and kidneys, were observed in the fish, and the damage was more severe during May and especially July, which coincides with the increase in cyanobacterial biomass during the summer months. Cyanobacteria may thus have adverse effects in this ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damjana Drobac Backović
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nada Tokodi
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia.
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Metabolomics, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30387, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Zoran Marinović
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Department of Aquaculture, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary
| | - Jelena Lujić
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Reproductive Genomics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Tamara Dulić
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biochemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6 A, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Snežana B Simić
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nevena B Đorđević
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nevena Kitanović
- Department of Aquaculture, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary
| | - Ilija Šćekić
- Department of Aquaculture, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary
| | - Béla Urbányi
- Department of Aquaculture, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary
| | - Jussi Meriluoto
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biochemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6 A, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Zorica Svirčev
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biochemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6 A, 20520, Turku, Finland
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Uzunov B, Stefanova K, Radkova M, Descy JP, Gärtner G, Stoyneva-Gärtner M. First Report on Microcystis as a Potential Microviridin Producer in Bulgarian Waterbodies. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13070448. [PMID: 34203459 PMCID: PMC8310014 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13070448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bulgaria, situated on the Balkan Peninsula, is rich in small and shallow, natural and man-made non-lotic waterbodies, which are threatened by blooms of Cyanoprokaryota/Cyanobacteria. Although cyanotoxins in Bulgarian surface waters are receiving increased attention, there is no information on microviridins and their producers. This paper presents results from a phytoplankton study, conducted in August 2019 in three lakes (Durankulak, Vaya, Uzungeren) and five reservoirs (Duvanli, Mandra, Poroy, Sinyata Reka, Zhrebchevo) in which a molecular-genetic analysis (PCR based on the precursor mdnA gene and subsequent translation to amino acid alignments), combined with conventional light microscopy and an HPLC analysis of marker pigments, were applied for the identification of potential microviridin producers. The results provide evidence that ten strains of the genus Microcystis, and of its most widespread species M. aeruginosa in particular, are potentially toxigenic in respect to microviridins. The mdnA sequences were obtained from all studied waterbodies and their translation to amino-acid alignments revealed the presence of five microviridin variants (types B/C, Izancya, CBJ55500.1 (Microcystis 199), and MC19, as well as a variant, which was very close to type A). This study adds to the general understanding of the microviridin occurrence, producers, and sequence diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blagoy Uzunov
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University, 8 blvd. Dragan Zankov, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Correspondence: (B.U.); (M.S.-G.)
| | - Katerina Stefanova
- AgroBioInstitute, Bulgarian Agricultural Academy, 8 blvd. Dragan Zankov, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (K.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Mariana Radkova
- AgroBioInstitute, Bulgarian Agricultural Academy, 8 blvd. Dragan Zankov, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (K.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Jean-Pierre Descy
- Unité d’Océanographie Chimique, Université de Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
| | - Georg Gärtner
- Institut für Botanik der Universität Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Maya Stoyneva-Gärtner
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University, 8 blvd. Dragan Zankov, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Correspondence: (B.U.); (M.S.-G.)
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8
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Redouane EM, Lahrouni M, Martins JC, El Amrani Zerrifi S, Benidire L, Douma M, Aziz F, Oufdou K, Mandi L, Campos A, Vasconcelos V, Oudra B. Protective Role of Native Rhizospheric Soil Microbiota Against the Exposure to Microcystins Introduced into Soil-Plant System via Contaminated Irrigation Water and Health Risk Assessment. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13020118. [PMID: 33562776 PMCID: PMC7914557 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13020118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) produced in eutrophic waters may decrease crop yield, enter food chains and threaten human and animal health. The main objective of this research was to highlight the role of rhizospheric soil microbiota to protect faba bean plants from MCs toxicity after chronic exposure. Faba bean seedlings were grown in pots containing agricultural soil, during 1 month under natural environmental conditions of Marrakech city in Morocco (March–April 2018) and exposed to cyanobacterial extracts containing up to 2.5 mg·L−1 of total MCs. Three independent exposure experiments were performed (a) agricultural soil was maintained intact “exposure experiment 1”; (b) agricultural soil was sterilized “exposure experiment 2”; (c) agricultural soil was sterilized and inoculated with the rhizobia strain Rhizobium leguminosarum RhOF34 “exposure experiment 3”. Overall, data showed evidence of an increased sensitivity of faba bean plants, grown in sterilized soil, to MCs in comparison to those grown in intact and inoculated soils. The study revealed the growth inhibition of plant shoots in both exposure experiments 2 and 3 when treated with 2.5 mg·L−1 of MCs. The results also showed that the estimated daily intake (EDI) of MCs, in sterilized soil, exceeded 2.18 and 1.16 times the reference concentrations (0.04 and 0.45 µg of microcysin-leucine arginine (MC-LR). Kg−1 DW) established for humans and cattle respectively, which raises concerns about human food chain contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- El Mahdi Redouane
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate change Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah, P.O. Box 2390, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; (E.M.R.); (S.E.A.Z.); (F.A.); (L.M.); (B.O.)
| | - Majida Lahrouni
- Bioactives, Health and Environement Laboratory, Biology, Environement & Health Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and technology, Moulay Ismail University, B.P. 509 Boutalamine, Errachidia 52000, Morocco;
| | - José Carlos Martins
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de MatosMatosinhos, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (J.C.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Soukaina El Amrani Zerrifi
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate change Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah, P.O. Box 2390, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; (E.M.R.); (S.E.A.Z.); (F.A.); (L.M.); (B.O.)
| | - Loubna Benidire
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory BiotecV, Laayoune Higher School of Technology, Ibn Zohr University, 25 Mars P.B. 3007, Laayoune 70000, Morocco;
| | - Mountassir Douma
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Modeling and Evironmental Sciences, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Khouribga (F.P.K), Sultan Moulay Slimane University, P.B. 145, Khouribga 25000, Morocco;
| | - Faissal Aziz
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate change Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah, P.O. Box 2390, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; (E.M.R.); (S.E.A.Z.); (F.A.); (L.M.); (B.O.)
- National Center for Studies and Research on Water and Energy (CNEREE), Cadi Ayyad University, B.P. 511, Av. Abdelkrim Elkhattabi, Marrakech 40000, Morocco
| | - Khalid Oufdou
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and Environment (BioMAgE) Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah, P.O. Box 2390, Marrakech 40000, Morocco;
| | - Laila Mandi
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate change Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah, P.O. Box 2390, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; (E.M.R.); (S.E.A.Z.); (F.A.); (L.M.); (B.O.)
- National Center for Studies and Research on Water and Energy (CNEREE), Cadi Ayyad University, B.P. 511, Av. Abdelkrim Elkhattabi, Marrakech 40000, Morocco
| | - Alexandre Campos
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de MatosMatosinhos, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (J.C.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de MatosMatosinhos, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (J.C.M.); (A.C.)
- Departament of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-223401817
| | - Brahim Oudra
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate change Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah, P.O. Box 2390, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; (E.M.R.); (S.E.A.Z.); (F.A.); (L.M.); (B.O.)
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