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Carli S, Marchini E, Catani M, Orlandi M, Bazzanella N, Barboni D, Boaretto R, Cavazzini A, Caramori S. Electrocatalytic Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) for Electrochemical Conversion of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:10115-10128. [PMID: 38703121 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the utilization of the conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) as a catalytic material for the 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). PEDOT films doped with different counterions were electrodeposited on graphite foil. In particular, the mobile anion perchlorate and the polymeric ionomers polystyrenesulfonate, Nafion, and Aquivion were used. The electrocatalytic properties of PEDOT films were evaluated toward the TEMPO redox mediator in the absence and the presence of HMF as a substrate for oxidation reactions. The electrocatalytic HMF oxidation was confirmed to occur at PEDOT electrodes, and it was also found that the chemical nature of PEDOT counterions controls the electrocatalytic conversion of HMF by modulating the kinetics of the electrochemical generation of the oxoammonium cation TEMPO(+). Potentiostatic electrolysis experiments showed that both the reference graphite electrode and PEDOT substrates were able to convert HMF to FDCA with an 80% faradaic efficiency (FE) and a >90% yield (FDCA), but, compared to graphite, the complete conversion of HMF to FDCA required a ca. 30% shorter time when using PEDOT electrodes doped with perchlorate or Aquivion, thanks to their ability to sustain a higher current density in the initial phase of the electrolysis. In addition, while all PEDOT films were chemically stable under the electrochemical conditions herein described, only PEDOT films doped with Aquivion were also mechanically robust and stable against delamination. Thus, the new PEDOT/Aquivion composite may represent the best choice for the implementation of PEDOT-based electrodes in TEMPO-mediated electrocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Carli
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Edoardo Marchini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agrarian Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Catani
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agrarian Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michele Orlandi
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Nicola Bazzanella
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Davide Barboni
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agrarian Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Rita Boaretto
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agrarian Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alberto Cavazzini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agrarian Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics─CREA, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Caramori
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agrarian Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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2
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Machín A, Cotto M, Ducongé J, Márquez F. Artificial Photosynthesis: Current Advancements and Future Prospects. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:298. [PMID: 37504186 PMCID: PMC10807655 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8030298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial photosynthesis is a technology with immense potential that aims to emulate the natural photosynthetic process. The process of natural photosynthesis involves the conversion of solar energy into chemical energy, which is stored in organic compounds. Catalysis is an essential aspect of artificial photosynthesis, as it facilitates the reactions that convert solar energy into chemical energy. In this review, we aim to provide an extensive overview of recent developments in the field of artificial photosynthesis by catalysis. We will discuss the various catalyst types used in artificial photosynthesis, including homogeneous catalysts, heterogeneous catalysts, and biocatalysts. Additionally, we will explore the different strategies employed to enhance the efficiency and selectivity of catalytic reactions, such as the utilization of nanomaterials, photoelectrochemical cells, and molecular engineering. Lastly, we will examine the challenges and opportunities of this technology as well as its potential applications in areas such as renewable energy, carbon capture and utilization, and sustainable agriculture. This review aims to provide a comprehensive and critical analysis of state-of-the-art methods in artificial photosynthesis by catalysis, as well as to identify key research directions for future advancements in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abniel Machín
- Divisionof Natural Sciences and Technology, Universidad Ana G. Méndez-Cupey Campus, San Juan, PR 00926, USA
| | - María Cotto
- Nanomaterials Research Group, Department of Natural Sciences and Technology, Universidad Ana G. Méndez-Gurabo Campus, Gurabo, PR 00778, USA; (M.C.); (J.D.)
| | - José Ducongé
- Nanomaterials Research Group, Department of Natural Sciences and Technology, Universidad Ana G. Méndez-Gurabo Campus, Gurabo, PR 00778, USA; (M.C.); (J.D.)
| | - Francisco Márquez
- Nanomaterials Research Group, Department of Natural Sciences and Technology, Universidad Ana G. Méndez-Gurabo Campus, Gurabo, PR 00778, USA; (M.C.); (J.D.)
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3
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Conradie J. DFT study of UV-vis-properties of thiophene-containing Cu(β-diketonato) 2 - Application for DSSC. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 121:108459. [PMID: 36963304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Experimental and theoretically calculated UV-vis properties of three Cu(β-diketonato)2 complexes are presented. The Cu(β-diketonato)2 contains β-diketones without (β-diketone = acetylacetone, (CH3)COCH2CO(CH3), complex (1)), with one (β-diketone = thenoyltrifluoroacetone, (CF3)COCH2CO(C4H3S), complex (2)) and with two thiophene (β-diketone = (CF3)COCH2CO(C4H2S) (C4H3S), complex (3)) groups. More thiophenes on the β-diketonato ligand of Cu(β-diketonato)2, lead to a red shift of the experimental absorbance maxima of the UV-vis of the complex, from 295 nm for complex (1), to 340 nm for complex (2) to 390 nm for complex (3). Theoretical time dependant density functional theory calculations indicate that both the two strongest absorbance peaks of the ultraviolet-visible spectrum of Cu(acetylacetonato)2 are mainly ligand-to-metal charge-transfer excitations. However, the absorbance maxima of the UV-vis of thiophene-containing Cu(β-diketonato)2 are mainly ligand-to-ligand charge-transfer excitations. Calculated properties such as light harvesting energy (LHE = 0.47, 0.94 and 0.99 for (1)-(3) respectively), driving force for electron injection (ΔGinject = 1.43, 0.76 and 0.63 for (1)-(3) respectively), and driving force of dye regeneration (ΔGregenerate = 1.85, 2.16 and 1.49 for (1)-(3) respectively), are favourable for (1)-(3) to be considered as dyes in DSSCs. However, some structural modifications are needed to prevent intramolecular charge recombination after excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa.
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4
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Synthesis of lignite-based Ni/C composite with low-medium temperature pyrolysis method as an efficient Pt-free counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-022-01822-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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5
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Gonzalez-Flores CA, Pourjafari D, Escalante R, Canto-Aguilar EJ, Poot AV, Andres Castán JM, Kervella Y, Demadrille R, Riquelme AJ, Anta JA, Oskam G. Influence of Redox Couple on the Performance of ZnO Dye Solar Cells and Minimodules with Benzothiadiazole-Based Photosensitizers. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2022; 5:14092-14106. [PMID: 36465262 PMCID: PMC9709824 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.2c02609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ZnO-based dye-sensitized solar cells exhibit lower efficiencies than TiO2-based systems despite advantageous charge transport dynamics and versatility in terms of synthesis methods, which can be primarily ascribed to compatibility issues of ZnO with the dyes and the redox couples originally optimized for TiO2. We evaluate the performance of solar cells based on ZnO nanomaterial prepared by microwave-assisted solvothermal synthesis, using three fully organic benzothiadiazole-based dyes YKP-88, YKP-137, and MG-207, and alternative electrolyte solutions with the I-/I3 -, Co(bpy)3 2+/3+, and Cu(dmp)2 1+/2+ redox couples. The best cell performance is achieved for the dye-redox couple combination YKP-88 and Co(bpy)3 2+/3+, reaching an average efficiency of 4.7% and 5.0% for the best cell, compared to 3.7% and 3.9% for the I-/I3 - couple with the same dye. Electrical impedance spectroscopy highlights the influence of dye and redox couple chemistry on the balance of recombination and regeneration kinetics. Combined with the effects of the interaction of the redox couple with the ZnO surface, these aspects are shown to determine the solar cell performance. Minimodules based on the best systems in both parallel and series configurations reach 1.5% efficiency for an area of 23.8 cm2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. Gonzalez-Flores
- Departamento
de Física Aplicada, CINVESTAV-IPN, Antigua Carretera a Progreso km
6, Mérida97310, Yucatán, México
| | - Dena Pourjafari
- Departamento
de Física Aplicada, CINVESTAV-IPN, Antigua Carretera a Progreso km
6, Mérida97310, Yucatán, México
| | - Renan Escalante
- Departamento
de Física Aplicada, CINVESTAV-IPN, Antigua Carretera a Progreso km
6, Mérida97310, Yucatán, México
- Área
de Química Física, Departamento de Sistemas Físicos,
Químicos y Naturales, Universidad
Pablo de Olavide, ES-41013Seville, Spain
| | - Esdras J. Canto-Aguilar
- Facultad
de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma
de Campeche-Campus V, San Francisco de Campeche, Campeche24085, México
| | - Alberto Vega Poot
- Departamento
de Física Aplicada, CINVESTAV-IPN, Antigua Carretera a Progreso km
6, Mérida97310, Yucatán, México
| | | | - Yann Kervella
- Université
Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SyMMES, Grenoble38000, France
| | - Renaud Demadrille
- Université
Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SyMMES, Grenoble38000, France
| | - Antonio J. Riquelme
- Área
de Química Física, Departamento de Sistemas Físicos,
Químicos y Naturales, Universidad
Pablo de Olavide, ES-41013Seville, Spain
| | - Juan A. Anta
- Área
de Química Física, Departamento de Sistemas Físicos,
Químicos y Naturales, Universidad
Pablo de Olavide, ES-41013Seville, Spain
| | - Gerko Oskam
- Departamento
de Física Aplicada, CINVESTAV-IPN, Antigua Carretera a Progreso km
6, Mérida97310, Yucatán, México
- Área
de Química Física, Departamento de Sistemas Físicos,
Químicos y Naturales, Universidad
Pablo de Olavide, ES-41013Seville, Spain
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6
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Electrodeposited PPy@TiO2 and PEDOT@TiO2 Counter Electrodes for [Co(bpy)3]2+/3+ Redox Mediator-Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. INORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics10110213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The main goal of this work is to enhance the catalytic performance of PPy and PEDOT films toward the Co2+/Co3+ redox couple. PPy and PEDOT films were electrodeposited separately on a porous TiO2 template to assess their suitability as alternative catalysts in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) based on the [Co(bpy)3]2+/3+ redox shuttle. The obtained PPy@TiO2 and PEDOT@TiO2 counter electrodes displayed much rougher surfaces. Electrochemical studies indicate the superior catalytic activity of both the electrodeposited electrodes toward Co3+ reduction, as indicated by lower charge transfer resistance than that of pristine films and even that of Pt electrodes. Therefore, the fabricated DSSC devices with these counter electrodes achieved higher power conversion efficiencies compared to cells with pristine PPy and PEDOT counter electrodes, or even with a Pt counter electrode. Interestingly, the assembled DSSC device with a PEDOT@TiO2 counter electrode displayed the highest performance among all with a power conversion efficiency of 6.62%, which is better than that obtained by the device with a Pt electrode (6.07%).
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Marchini E, Orlandi M, Bazzanella N, Boaretto R, Cristino V, Miotello A, Caramori S, Carli S. Electrodeposited PEDOT/Nafion as Catalytic Counter Electrodes for Cobalt and Copper Bipyridyl Redox Mediators in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:29181-29194. [PMID: 36033653 PMCID: PMC9404163 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PEDOT-based counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are generally prepared by electrodeposition, which produces polymer films endowed with the best electrocatalytic properties. This translates in fast regeneration of the redox mediator, which allows the solar cell to sustain efficient photoconversion. The sustainable fabrication of DSSCs must consider the scaling up of the entire process, and when possible, it should avoid the use of large amounts of hazardous and/or inflammable chemicals, such as organic solvents for instance. This is why electrodeposition of PEDOT-based counter electrodes should preferably be carried out in aqueous media. In this study, PEDOT/Nafion was electrodeposited on FTO and comparatively evaluated as a catalytic material in DSSCs based on either cobalt or copper electrolytes. Our results show that the electrochemical response of PEDOT/Nafion toward Co(II/III-) or Cu(I/II)-based redox shuttles was comparable to that of PEDOT/ClO4 and significantly superior to that of PEDOT/PSS. In addition, when tested for adhesion, PEDOT/Nafion films were more stable for delamination if compared to PEDOT/ClO4, a feature that may prove beneficial in view of the long-term stability of solar devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Marchini
- Department
of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agrarian Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michele Orlandi
- Department
of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Nicola Bazzanella
- Department
of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Rita Boaretto
- Department
of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agrarian Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Vito Cristino
- Department
of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agrarian Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Antonio Miotello
- Department
of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Stefano Caramori
- Department
of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agrarian Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefano Carli
- Department
of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Barichello J, Spadaro D, Gullace S, Sinopoli A, Calandra P, Irrera A, Matteocci F, Calogero G, Caramori S, Bignozzi CA. Optically Transparent Gold Nanoparticles for DSSC Counter-Electrode: An Electrochemical Characterization. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134178. [PMID: 35807425 PMCID: PMC9268613 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A gold nanoparticles transparent electrode was realized by chemical reduction. This work aims to compare the transparent gold nanoparticles electrode with a more commonly utilized gold-film-coated electrode in order to investigate its potential use as counter-electrode (CE) in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). A series of DSSC devices, utilizing I−/I3− and Co(III)/(II) polypyridine redox mediators [Co(dtb)3]3+/2+; dtb = 4,4′ditert-butyl-2,2′-bipyridine)], were evaluated. The investigation focused firstly on the structural characterization of the deposited gold layers and then on the electrochemical study. The novelty of the work is the realization of a gold nanoparticles CE that reached 80% of average visible transmittance. We finally examined the performance of the transparent gold nanoparticles CE in DSSC devices. A maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.56% was obtained with a commercial I−/I3−-based electrolyte, while a maximum 3.1% of PCE was obtained with the homemade Co-based electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Barichello
- IPCF-CNR, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy; (J.B.); (D.S.); (A.I.)
- CHOSE—Center for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Donatella Spadaro
- IPCF-CNR, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy; (J.B.); (D.S.); (A.I.)
| | - Sara Gullace
- ISIS UMR 7006, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
| | - Alessandro Sinopoli
- QEERI—Qatar Environment & Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar;
| | - Pietro Calandra
- CNR-ISMN, National Research Council—Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, Via Salaria km 29.300, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessia Irrera
- IPCF-CNR, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy; (J.B.); (D.S.); (A.I.)
| | - Fabio Matteocci
- CHOSE—Center for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Calogero
- IPCF-CNR, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy; (J.B.); (D.S.); (A.I.)
- Correspondence: (G.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Stefano Caramori
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
- Correspondence: (G.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Carlo Alberto Bignozzi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
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9
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Hora C, Santos F, Pereira AM, Sales MF, Ivanou D, Mendes A. PEDOT-graphene counter-electrode for solar and improved artificial light conversion in regular, bifacial and FTO-less cobalt mediated DSSCs. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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10
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Teodor AH, Monge S, Aguilar D, Tames A, Nunez R, Gonzalez E, Rodríguez JJM, Bergkamp JJ, Starbird R, Renugopalakrishnan V, Bruce BD, Villarreal C. PEDOT-Carbon Nanotube Counter Electrodes and Bipyridine Cobalt (II/III) Mediators as Universally Compatible Components in Bio-Sensitized Solar Cells Using Photosystem I and Bacteriorhodopsin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3865. [PMID: 35409224 PMCID: PMC8998335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In nature, solar energy is captured by different types of light harvesting protein-pigment complexes. Two of these photoactivatable proteins are bacteriorhodopsin (bR), which utilizes a retinal moiety to function as a proton pump, and photosystem I (PSI), which uses a chlorophyll antenna to catalyze unidirectional electron transfer. Both PSI and bR are well characterized biochemically and have been integrated into solar photovoltaic (PV) devices built from sustainable materials. Both PSI and bR are some of the best performing photosensitizers in the bio-sensitized PV field, yet relatively little attention has been devoted to the development of more sustainable, biocompatible alternative counter electrodes and electrolytes for bio-sensitized solar cells. Careful selection of the electrolyte and counter electrode components is critical to designing bio-sensitized solar cells with more sustainable materials and improved device performance. This work explores the use of poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (PEDOT/CNT) as counter electrodes and aqueous-soluble bipyridine cobaltII/III complexes as direct redox mediators for both PSI and bR devices. We report a unique counter electrode and redox mediator system that can perform remarkably well for both bio-photosensitizers that have independently evolved over millions of years. The compatibility of disparate proteins with common mediators and counter electrodes may further the improvement of bio-sensitized PV design in a way that is more universally biocompatible for device outputs and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra H. Teodor
- Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;
| | - Stephanie Monge
- Escuela de Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago 30101, Costa Rica; (S.M.); (D.A.); (A.T.)
- Centro de Investigación y Extensión en Ingeniería de Materiales (CIEMTEC), Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago 30101, Costa Rica
- Maestría Ingeniería en Dispositivos Médicos, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago 30101, Costa Rica
| | - Dariana Aguilar
- Escuela de Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago 30101, Costa Rica; (S.M.); (D.A.); (A.T.)
- Centro de Investigación y Extensión en Ingeniería de Materiales (CIEMTEC), Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago 30101, Costa Rica
| | - Alexandra Tames
- Escuela de Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago 30101, Costa Rica; (S.M.); (D.A.); (A.T.)
- Centro de Investigación y Extensión en Ingeniería de Materiales (CIEMTEC), Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago 30101, Costa Rica
| | - Roger Nunez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Bakersfield, Bakersfield, CA 93311, USA; (R.N.); (E.G.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Elaine Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Bakersfield, Bakersfield, CA 93311, USA; (R.N.); (E.G.); (J.J.B.)
| | | | - Jesse J. Bergkamp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Bakersfield, Bakersfield, CA 93311, USA; (R.N.); (E.G.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Ricardo Starbird
- Centro de Investigación y de Servicios Químicos y Microbiológicos (CEQIATEC), Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago 30101, Costa Rica;
- Escuela de Química, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago 30101, Costa Rica
| | - Venkatesan Renugopalakrishnan
- Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 4 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Renewable Energy Technology, Northeastern University, 317 Egan Center, Boston, MA 02138, USA
| | - Barry D. Bruce
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular, and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Claudia Villarreal
- Escuela de Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago 30101, Costa Rica; (S.M.); (D.A.); (A.T.)
- Centro de Investigación y Extensión en Ingeniería de Materiales (CIEMTEC), Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago 30101, Costa Rica
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11
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Transition Metal Coordination Compounds as Novel Materials for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12073442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are a novel solar cell alternative characterized by lower toxicity by using coordination transition metal compounds while providing high performance benchmarks, such as power conversion efficiency. Particular attention should be paid to compounds containing Cu, which can act both as dyes and as redox mediators, even though compounds relying on other transition metals are also frequently reported. In this paper, examples of compounds containing transition metals in combination with several ligands are presented, and their basic photovoltaic parameters are given.
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