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Guo Y, Hong L, Gao P, Liu S, Zhu Y, Xie X, Zhang G, Xie K. Development of a QuEChERS-HPLC-FLD Procedure for the Simultaneous Detection of Residues of Florfenicol, Its Metabolite Florfenicol Amine, and Three Fluoroquinolones in Eggs. Molecules 2024; 29:252. [PMID: 38202835 PMCID: PMC10780869 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A method utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) has been developed and refined for the simultaneous detection of florfenicol (FF) and its metabolite florfenicol amine (FFA) along with three fluoroquinolone (ciprofloxacin (CIP), enrofloxacin (ENR), and sarafloxacin (SAR)) residues in different parts of eggs (whole egg, egg yolk, and egg albumen). The QuEChERS ("Quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe") procedure utilized 0.1 M disodium EDTA solution, water, and acetonitrile as extractants; sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, and trisodium citrate as dehydrating salts; and N-propylethylenediamine and C18 as adsorbents. A dual-channel FLD method was utilized to analyze the target compounds using an XBridge BEH C18 chromatographic column (4.6 mm × 150 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase was employed isocratically using a solution of 0.01 M sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.005 M sodium dodecyl sulfate, and 0.1% triethylamine (pH 4.8) in combination with acetonitrile at a ratio of 65:35 (V/V). The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of the analytes ranged from 0.03 to 1.5 µg/kg and from 0.1 to 5.0 µg/kg, respectively. The recoveries of the analytes in the blank egg samples ranged from 71.9% to 94.8% when reference standard concentrations of the LOQ, half of the maximum residual limit (MRL), MRL, and twice the MRL were added. The parameters of the presented protocol were validated and subsequently applied to the analysis of real samples, demonstrating the applicability and reliability of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.G.); (L.H.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Lu Hong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.G.); (L.H.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Pengfei Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China;
| | - Shuyu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.G.); (L.H.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yali Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.G.); (L.H.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China;
| | - Genxi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.G.); (L.H.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Kaizhou Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.G.); (L.H.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Melekhin AO, Tolmacheva VV, Apyari VV, Dmitrienko SG. Current trends in analytical strategies for the chromatographic determination of nitrofuran metabolites in food samples. An update since 2012. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1685:463620. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Farag MA, Mansour ST, Nouh RA, Khattab AR. Crustaceans (shrimp, crab, and lobster): A comprehensive review of their potential health hazards and detection methods to assure their biosafety. J Food Saf 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.13026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy Cairo University Cairo Egypt
| | - Somaia T. Mansour
- Chemistry Department, School of Sciences & Engineering The American University in Cairo New Cairo Egypt
| | - Roua A. Nouh
- Chemistry Department, School of Sciences & Engineering The American University in Cairo New Cairo Egypt
| | - Amira R. Khattab
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport Alexandria Egypt
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Liu Y, Ai X, Sun R, Yang Y, Zhou S, Dong J, Yang Q. Residue, biotransformation, risk assessment and withdrawal time of enrofloxacin in red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135657. [PMID: 35820477 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Crayfish is a very popular aquatic food in many countries, and enrofloxacin (ENR) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) was the most frequently detected in aquatic products. However, limited information is available on the residue characterization, biotransformation rate and withdrawal period (WT) of ENR and CIP in crayfish and health risk via consumption of ENR and CIP remained crayfish. Herein, a comprehensive investigation was conducted to study residue depletion, biotransformation, ingestion risk, and WT of ENR and its predominate metabolite CIP in crayfish following different routes with repeated doses. The results showed that the elimination half-life (T1/2) of target compounds in crayfish were all in order of hepatopancreas > muscle > gill, and the order of T1/2 in different crayfish tissues were intramuscular (IM) route > oral (PO) treatment > immersion (IMMR) administration. The biotransformation rates from ENR to CIP varied from 0.75% to 3.45% in crayfish tissues following different exposure routes. The high dietary risk (RQ > 1) consuming muscle and hepatopancreas of ENR and CIP remained crayfish occurred at early after different administrations. WT is the key to control the drug residue risk, and the longest WT of marker residue of ENR in crayfish was calculated to be 51 d (1275 °C-day).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Liu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China; Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Aquatic Product Quality and Safety, Wuhan, 430223, China; Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100141, China.
| | - Xiaohui Ai
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China; Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Aquatic Product Quality and Safety, Wuhan, 430223, China; Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100141, China.
| | - Ruyu Sun
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yibin Yang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China; Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Aquatic Product Quality and Safety, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Shun Zhou
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China; Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Aquatic Product Quality and Safety, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China; Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Aquatic Product Quality and Safety, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Qiuhong Yang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China; Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Aquatic Product Quality and Safety, Wuhan, 430223, China
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Wang X, Jiao Y, Wang G, Li F, Shao L, Zheng F, Wang L, Chen F, Yang L. Occurrence of quinolones in cultured fish from Shandong Province, China and their health risk assessment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 180:113777. [PMID: 35635886 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The residue levels of 6 quinolones in 160 cultured fish samples from Shandong Province, China were investigated using UPLC-MS/MS. The detection rate was 43.1% and enrofloxacin had the highest detection rate as well as the highest residue concentration. The violation rates were 2.50% for the sum of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin and 1.25% for ofloxacin. Among the 9 fish species, quinolone contamination problems should receive more attention in Carp, Grass carp, Crucian and Catfish. The health risk assessment showed that when calculated by the maximum concentration, the estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of Carp, Grass carp and Crucian for the high consumption group accounted for more than 10% of the acceptable daily intakes (ADIs), indicating that a large intake of these fish species might pose a potential health risk and health risk monitoring of quinolones in cultured fish should be continually performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Wang
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanni Jiao
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoling Wang
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenghua Li
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Shao
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengjia Zheng
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Wang
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Chen
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Luping Yang
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
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Xia W, Chakka VP, Chen K, Wang F, Xie YY, Hider RC, Zhou T. A Novel Stilbene Analogue: Antioxidant Activity and Application in Controlling the Quality and Bacterial Growth of Shrimp Refrigerated at 4ºC. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2021.2024636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xia
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Vara Prasad Chakka
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Fan Wang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Xie
- Department of Food Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P R China
| | - Robert C. Hider
- Division of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Tao Zhou
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
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Wang JH, Chang CP, Chang CC, Wang CM, Lin CF, Lin JW, Lin WL, Liao HJ, Kao CY, Fan PS, Yang WC, Chang GR. Analysis of persistent organochlorine pesticides in shellfish and their risk assessment from aquafarms in Taiwan. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 172:112811. [PMID: 34403924 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In Taiwan, freshwater clams (Corbicula fluminea) and hard clams (Meretrix lusoria) are the most frequently raised shellfish in land-based pond aquaculture, but research on the accumulation of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in these shellfish is limited. We detected the levels of 14 OCPs in 62 shellfish from Taiwanese aquafarms by performing gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. OCP residues were detected in 4.84% of the samples including readings of 0.04 mg/kg chlordane (in a freshwater clam), 0.03 mg/g p,p'-DDE (in a freshwater clam), and 0.02 mg/g p,p'-DDE (in a hard clam). However, the associated estimated daily intake values were less than the acceptable daily intake levels of chlordane and p,p'-DDE Therefore, the consumption of these shellfish presents no immediate health risks. Our findings contribute to food safety and serve as a reference for OCP screenings for aquatic shellfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiann-Hsiung Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Pei Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, 1 Section, 542 Chung-Shan Road, Changhua 50008, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chia Chang
- Animal Drugs Inspection Branch, Animal Health Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, 21 Muchang, Ciding Village, Zhunan Township, Miaoli 35054, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Min Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Fu Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Wei Lin
- Bachelor Degree Program in Animal Healthcare, Hungkuang University, 6 Section, 1018 Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung 433304, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Li Lin
- Bachelor Degree Program in Animal Healthcare, Hungkuang University, 6 Section, 1018 Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung 433304, Taiwan; General Education Center, Chaoyang University of Technology, 168 Jifeng Eastern Road, Taichung 413310, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Jyuan Liao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yung Kao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Shan Fan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Yang
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, 4 Section, 1 Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Geng-Ruei Chang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan.
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Canton L, Lanusse C, Moreno L. Rational Pharmacotherapy in Infectious Diseases: Issues Related to Drug Residues in Edible Animal Tissues. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2878. [PMID: 34679899 PMCID: PMC8532868 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs are used in veterinary medicine to prevent or treat animal diseases. When rationally administered to livestock following Good Veterinary Practices (GVP), they greatly contribute to improving the production of food of animal origin. Since humans can be exposed chronically to veterinary drugs through the diet, residues in food are evaluated for effects following chronic exposures. Parameters such as an acceptable daily intake (ADI), the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL), maximum residue limits (MRLs), and the withdrawal periods (WPs) are determined for each drug used in livestock. Drug residues in food exceeding the MRLs usually appear when failing the GVP application. Different factors related either to the treated animal or to the type of drug administration, and even the type of cooking can affect the level of residues in edible tissues. Residues above the MRLs can have a diverse negative impact, mainly on the consumer's health, and favor antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Drug residue monitoring programmes are crucial to ensure that prohibited or authorized substances do not exceed MRLs. This comprehensive review article addresses different aspects of drug residues in edible tissues produced as food for human consumption and provides relevant information contributing to rational pharmacotherapy in food-producing animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura Moreno
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBACONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Tandil CP7000, Argentina; (L.C.); (C.L.)
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Jiang S, Wang F, Li Q, Sun H, Wang H, Yao Z. Environment and food safety: a novel integrative review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:54511-54530. [PMID: 34431060 PMCID: PMC8384557 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16069-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Environment protection and food safety are two critical issues in the world. In this review, a novel approach which integrates statistical study and subjective discussion was adopted to review recent advances on environment and food safety. Firstly, a scientometric-based statistical study was conducted based on 4904 publications collected from the Web of Science Core Collection database. It was found that the research on environment and food safety was growing steadily from 2001 to 2020. Interestingly, the statistical analysis of most-cited papers, titles, abstracts, keywords, and research areas revealed that the research on environment and food safety was diverse and multidisciplinary. In addition to the scientometric study, strategies to protect environment and ensure food safety were critically discussed, followed by a discussion on the emerging research topics, including emerging contaminates (e.g., microplastics), rapid detection of contaminants (e.g., biosensors), and environment friendly food packaging materials (e.g., biodegradable polymers). Finally, current challenges and future research directions were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanxue Jiang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
- Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Fang Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
- Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Qirun Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Haishu Sun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Huijiao Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhiliang Yao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
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Luo L, Lu S, Huang C, Wang F, Ren Y, Cao H, Lin Q, Tan Z, Wen X. A survey of chloramphenicol residues in aquatic products of Shenzhen, South China. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2021; 38:914-921. [PMID: 33792514 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2021.1898680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Food safety is a top priority of concern for consumers. To promote growth, as well as to treat diseases which occur in aquaculture, antibiotics, even banned veterinary antibiotics, are widely used. This survey investigated the levels of chloramphenicol (CAP) by LC-MS/MS in 291 aquatic samples (all the products in this survey were local sales, exported products were not included), including shellfish, shrimp and fish, from Shenzhen, South China. The CAP concentrations in these samples (based on wet weight) were: shellfish (<LOD-205 µg kg-1, mean: 68.8 µg kg-1); shrimp (<LOD-2.2 µg kg-1, mean: 0.5 µg kg-1) and fish (<LOD-1.9 µg kg-1, mean: 0.7 µg kg-1). The highest concentration of CAP was found in shellfish samples (Mactra veneriformis, 205 µg kg-1), these levels were greater than those reported in aquatic products from other locations in China. The detection rate of CAP was 37.2% in shellfish samples (64/172), 13.6% in shrimp samples (3/22) and 16.5% in fish samples (16/97). The detection rate of CAP in shellfish samples was higher than that in fish and shrimp samples, and therefore food safety in this region cannot be ignored. The results obtained from the current study indicated a high incidence of CAP in aquatic products in this region and argue for stronger market supervision and regulation in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Luo
- Physicochemical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaoyou Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengpeng Huang
- Physicochemical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Fu Wang
- Physicochemical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Ren
- Physicochemical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - He Cao
- Physicochemical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qihui Lin
- Physicochemical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiqiang Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Wen
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
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Alam MM, Haque MM. Presence of antibacterial substances, nitrofuran metabolites and other chemicals in farmed pangasius and tilapia in Bangladesh: Probabilistic health risk assessment. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:248-257. [PMID: 33552923 PMCID: PMC7844123 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ANCs in pangasius and tilapia, fish feed, pond sediments and water were analysed comprehensively. Residual ANCs except heavy metals were not found in farmed pangasius and tilapia flesh. Residual toxic heavy metals lead and chromium in fish were above the permissible limit. Heavy metals sourced primarily from fish feed with secondary sources such as groundwater. Lead and chromium concentrations in fish flesh pose potential carcinogenic risks to human health.
Intensive feeding and the use of drugs and other chemicals for enhancing yield characterised commercial pangasius and tilapia aquaculture in Bangladesh. The residual presence of prohibited antibacterial substances, nitrofuran metabolites and other chemicals (ANCs) in fish, and their effect on public health are a concern for consumers. This study collected samples from 15 pangasius and 15 tilapia ponds to assess the contamination of ANCs, including pesticides, dyes and heavy metals in fish flesh, and heavy metals in feed, sediments and water. Antibacterial substances, nitrofuran metabolites and dyes in fish flesh were detected using LC–MS/MS. Organochlorine pesticides and heavy metals were detected applying GC–MS and AAS, respectively. We found very low residue of the most ANCs in pangasius and tilapia flesh, however, both species contained heavy metals, particularly lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr). The level of metal contamination was affected by the age of the pond; the highest concentration of Pb was in pangasius from old ponds (> 10 years), and the highest concentration of Cr was found in pangasius from new ponds (< 10 years), and tilapia from old ponds. The feed sampled in this study, particularly the commercial pellet and farm-made feed, were highly contaminated with heavy metals. Pond water and sediments were contaminated by heavy metals; fish, water and sediment samples from older ponds had higher concentrations of heavy metals. The concentration of these heavy metals in fish flesh above regulatory limits poses potential risks to human health. To ensure the production of safe fish for human consumption, commercial aquaculture in Bangladesh requires a functional regulatory framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mehedi Alam
- Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.,Department of Fishery Resources Conservation and Management, Khulna Agricultural University, Khulna, Bangladesh
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Chang CP, Hou PH, Yang WC, Wu CF, Chang CC, Tsai MY, Tsai HP, Lin CT, Xue YJ, Wang JH, Chang GR. Analytical Detection of Sulfonamides and Organophosphorus Insecticide Residues in Fish in Taiwan. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071501. [PMID: 32218373 PMCID: PMC7181026 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to residues of antibiotics (e.g., sulfonamides) and insecticides (e.g., organophosphorus insecticides) in aquacultured food can adversely affect humans and animals and thus affect public health globally. Here, using a validated method, we examined the levels of residues of 12 sulfonamides as well as 18 organophosphorus insecticides in aquacultured fish in Taiwan. A total of 52 fish samples (i.e., 20 tilapia, 16 milk fish, and 16 perch samples) were obtained from Taiwanese aquafarms from June 2018 to October 2019. We detected 0.02 and 0.03 mg/kg of sulfamethazine (a sulfonamide) in one tilapia and one milk fish, respectively, and 0.02, 0.05, and 0.03 mg/kg of chlorpyrifos (an organophosphorus insecticide) in one tilapia, one milk fish, and one perch, respectively; thus, among the samples, 3.85% and 5.77% contained sulfonamides and organophosphorus insecticide residues, respectively. Furthermore, we assessed human health risk based on the estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of these residues: EDIs of sulfonamide and organophosphorus insecticide residues were <1.0% of the acceptable daily intake recommended by the Joint Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives. The risk of exposure to sulfonamide and organophosphorus insecticide residue by consuming aquacultured fish in Taiwan was thus negligible, signifying no immediate health risk related to the consumption of fish. Our findings can constitute a reference in efforts geared toward ensuring food safety and monitoring veterinary drug and insecticide residue levels in aquacultured organisms. Residue levels in fish must be continually monitored to further determine possible effects of these residues on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Pei Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, 1 Section, 542 Chung-Shan Road, Changhua 50008, Taiwan;
| | - Po-Hsun Hou
- Department of Psychiatry, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 4 Section, 1650 Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung 40705, Taiwan;
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, 2 Section, 155 Linong Street, Beitou District, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Yang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, 4 Section. 1 Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Ching-Fen Wu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan; (C.-F.W.); (C.-T.L.); (Y.-J.X.); (J.-H.W.)
| | - Chia-Chia Chang
- Animal Drugs Inspection Branch, Animal Health Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, 21 Muchang, Ciding Village, Zhunan Township, Miaoli County 35054, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Yang Tsai
- Animal Industry Division, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, 112 Muchang, Xinhua Dist, Tainan 71246, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Bioresources, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 1 Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Pei Tsai
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan;
| | - Chien-Teng Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan; (C.-F.W.); (C.-T.L.); (Y.-J.X.); (J.-H.W.)
| | - Yi-Jing Xue
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan; (C.-F.W.); (C.-T.L.); (Y.-J.X.); (J.-H.W.)
| | - Jiann-Hsiung Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan; (C.-F.W.); (C.-T.L.); (Y.-J.X.); (J.-H.W.)
| | - Geng-Ruei Chang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan; (C.-F.W.); (C.-T.L.); (Y.-J.X.); (J.-H.W.)
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan;
- Ph.D. Program of Agriculture Science, National Chiayi University, 300 Syuefu Road, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-5-2732946
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Analysis of Pollution of Phthalates in Pork and Chicken in Taiwan Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Assessment of Health Risk. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24213817. [PMID: 31652756 PMCID: PMC6865204 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phthalates are widely used plasticizers that can cause endocrine disruption, mutagenicity, and carcinogenic effects and can contaminate food through various pathways. Investigations are scanty on phthalate pollution of livestock and poultry meat and their dietary exposure to humans. The present study assessed residual levels of phthalates in unpackaged pork (30 samples) and unpackaged chicken (30 samples) and their relevance to meat consumption and health risks in the Taiwanese population. Phthalate quantity was assessed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; the materials included diisononyl phthalate, diisodecyl phthalate, benzyl butyl phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), and di-n-butyl phthalate. The Taiwan Food and Drug Administration (TFDA) has established values of tolerable daily intake (TDI) for the five phthalates. The major compound detected was DEHP, which ranged from 0.62 to 0.80 mg/kg in two pork samples, and 0.42-0.45 mg/kg in three chicken samples. Collectively, 8.33% of the phthalate-residue-containing samples tested positive for DEHP. The concentrations of DEHP were lower than the screening value of 1.0 mg/kg, as defined by the TFDA. Health risk was calculated as the estimated daily intake (DI) for any likely adverse effects; the DI of DEHP residues was <1% of the TDI value. The estimated risk was insignificant and considered to be safe, indicating that there is no risk to the health of Taiwanese population due to meat consumption. However, it is suggested that a phthalate monitoring program in meat should be instituted for any possible effects in future on human health.
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