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Romasco T, De Bortoli Jr N, Paulo De Bortoli J, Jorge Jayme S, Piattelli A, Di Pietro N. Primary stability evaluation of different morse cone implants in low-density artificial bone blocks: A comparison between high-and low-speed drilling. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35225. [PMID: 39170202 PMCID: PMC11336439 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate various biomechanical parameters associated with the primary stability of Maestro and Due Cone implants placed in low-density artificial bones, prepared using high-speed drilling with irrigation and low-speed drilling without irrigation. The insertion torque (IT), removal torque (RT), and implant stability quotient (ISQ) values were recorded for Maestro and Due Cone implants placed in low-density polyurethane blocks (10 and 20 pounds per cubic foot (PCF) with and without a cortical layer) prepared using high-speed and low-speed with or without irrigation using a saline solution, respectively. A three-way ANOVA model and Tukey's post-hoc test were conducted, presenting data as means and standard deviations. P-values equal to or less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. No statistically significant differences in IT, RT, and ISQ between drilling speeds were observed. However, Maestro implants exhibited lower IT and RT values after high- and low-speed drilling across almost all polyurethane blocks, significantly evident in the 20 PCF density block for IT and in the 20 PCF density block with the cortical layer for the RT with low-speed drilling (IT: 47.33 ± 10.02 Ncm and 16.00 ± 12.49 Ncm for Due Cone and Maestro implants, respectively, with p < 0.01; RT: 44.67 ± 22.81 Ncm and 20.01 ± 4.36 Ncm for Due Cone and Maestro implants, respectively, with p < 0.05) and among the same implant types inserted in different bone densities. Additionally, the study found that for all bone densities and drilling speeds, both implants registered ISQ values exceeding 60, except for the lowest-density polyurethane block. Overall, it can be inferred that low-speed drilling without irrigation achieved biomechanical parameters similar to conventional drilling with both implant types, even with lower IT values in the case of Maestro implants. These findings suggest a promising potential use of low-speed drilling without irrigation in specific clinical scenarios, particularly when focusing on preparation depth or when ensuring proper irrigation is challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tea Romasco
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST, “G. D'Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 11, 66100, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. D'Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Nilton De Bortoli Jr
- Department of Oral Implantology, Associação Paulista Dos Cirurgiões Dentistas-APCD, São Bernardo Do Campo, 02011-000, Brazil
| | - Joao Paulo De Bortoli
- Biomaterials Division, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, 10010, NY, USA
| | - Sergio Jorge Jayme
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthetics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14040-904, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriano Piattelli
- School of Dentistry, Saint Camillus International, University of Health and Medical Sciences, Via di Sant’Alessandro 8, 00131, Rome, Italy
- Facultad de Medicina, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Av. de Los Jerónimos 135, 30107, Guadalupe de Maciascoque, Spain
| | - Natalia Di Pietro
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST, “G. D'Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 11, 66100, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. D'Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
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de Carvalho Formiga M, da Silva HDP, Ghiraldini B, Siroma RS, Ardelean LC, Piattelli A, Shibli JA. Effects of Osseodensification on Primary Stability of Cylindrical and Conical Implants-An Ex Vivo Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12113736. [PMID: 37297938 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12113736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary stability is an important factor for dental implant success. In the past years, a new method for bone site preparation was introduced, named osseodensification (OD). OD produces a condensation of the trabecular portion of the bone, increasing bone-to-implant contact and primary stability. This study aims to compare the effect of OD in cylindrical and conical implants to conventional instrumentation. A total of forty implants, divided into four groups, were placed in porcine tibia: cylindrical conventional (1a), cylindrical OD (1b), conical conventional (2a) and conical OD (2b). Each implant was measured for implant stability quotient (ISQ), insertion torque (IT) and removal torque (RT). Group 2b showed the higher values for each of the evaluated parameters; groups 1b and 2b showed better results than 1a and 2a, respectively. Regarding the IT and RT, group 1b achieved higher values than group 2a, but not for ISQ. The inter-group comparison showed significant difference between groups 1a vs 2a, 1a vs 2b and 1b vs 2b for ISQ and 1a vs 1b and 1a vs 2b for RT analysis. OD resulted in improved ISQ, IT and RT of both cylindrical and conical implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcio de Carvalho Formiga
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Unisul, Palhoça, 515 Felipe Schmidt Str., Florianopolis 88101-001, SC, Brazil
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, 88 Praça Tereza Cristina Sq., Guarulhos 07011-010, SC, Brazil
| | - Helio Doyle Pereira da Silva
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, 88 Praça Tereza Cristina Sq., Guarulhos 07011-010, SC, Brazil
| | - Bruna Ghiraldini
- Dental Research Division, Paulista University, 303 Borges de Figueiredo Str., São Paulo 03110-010, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Shinoske Siroma
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, 88 Praça Tereza Cristina Sq., Guarulhos 07011-010, SC, Brazil
| | - Lavinia Cosmina Ardelean
- Department of Technology of Materials and Devices in Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Multidisciplinary Center for Research, Evaluation, Diagnosis and Therapies in Oral Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Adriano Piattelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 332 Viale Abruzzo Str., 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Jamil Awad Shibli
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, 88 Praça Tereza Cristina Sq., Guarulhos 07011-010, SC, Brazil
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de Carvalho Formiga M, Grzech-Leśniak K, Moraschini V, Shibli JA, Neiva R. Effects of Osseodensification on Immediate Implant Placement: Retrospective Analysis of 211 Implants. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15103539. [PMID: 35629566 PMCID: PMC9147081 DOI: 10.3390/ma15103539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Osseodensification is a new method of bone instrumentation for dental implant placement that preserves bulk bone and increases primary implant stability, and may accelerate the implant rehabilitation treatment period and provide higher success and survival rates than conventional methods. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate and discuss results obtained on immediate implant placement with immediate and delayed loading protocols under Osseodensification bone instrumentation. This study included private practice patients that required dental implant rehabilitation, between February 2017 and October 2019. All implants were placed under Osseodensification and had to be in function for at least 12 months to be included on the study. A total of 211 implants were included in the study, with a 98.1% total survival rate (97.9% in the maxilla and 98.5% in the mandible). For immediate implants with immediate load, 99.2% survival rate was achieved, and 100% survival rate for immediate implant placement without immediate load cases. A total of four implants were lost during this period, and all of them were lost within two months after placement. Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that Osseodensification bone instrumentation provided similar or better results on survival rates than conventional bone instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kinga Grzech-Leśniak
- Laser Laboratory Oral Surgery Department, Medical University of Wroclaw, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Vittorio Moraschini
- Department of Periodontology, Veiga de Almeida University, Rio de Janeiro 20271-020, Brazil;
| | - Jamil Awad Shibli
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Dental Research Division, University of Guarulhos, Guarulhos 07023-040, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | - Rodrigo Neiva
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
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Gehrke SA, Júnior JA, Treichel TLE, do Prado TD, Dedavid BA, de Aza PN. Effects of insertion torque values on the marginal bone loss of dental implants installed in sheep mandibles. Sci Rep 2022; 12:538. [PMID: 35017552 PMCID: PMC8752839 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04313-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present in vivo study was to analyze and compare the effects on the crestal bone healing of two different implant macrogeometries installed in fresh socket areas and in normal bone areas with different insertion torque values. Two implant macrogeometries were used in the present study, DuoCone implant (DC) and Maestro implant (MAE), forming four groups: group DCws, in which the implants were installed in healing bone (without a socket); group DCfs, in which the implants were installed in post-extraction areas (fresh sockets); group MAEws, in which the implants were installed in healing bone (without a socket); group MAEfs, in which the implants were installed in post-extraction areas (fresh sockets). After 30 and 90 days of implantations in the bilateral mandibles of 10 sheep, eighty implants were evaluated through digital X-ray images and histologic slices. The crestal bone position in relation to the implant platform shoulder was measured and compared. The measured insertion torque was 47.2 ± 4.69 Ncm for the DCws group, 43.4 ± 4.87 Ncm for the DCfs group, 29.3 ± 3.16 Ncm for the MAEws group, and 27.7 ± 4.41 Ncm for the MAEfs group. The radiographic mesio-distal and histological bucco-lingual analyses showed significantly greater vertical bone loss in the implants installed with high torque (DC groups) in comparison to the implants installed with a low torque (MAE groups) (p < 0.05), at both evaluation times. In general, low insertion torque values (Maestro implants) showed better results of MBL when compared to implants installed with higher torque values (Duo Cone implants). Moreover, our results showed that the implants installed in the sites without sockets showed a less MBL in comparison with the implants installed in sites of fresh sockets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Alexandre Gehrke
- Department of Biotechnology, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107, Murcia, Spain.
- Department of Research, Biotecnos - Technology and Science, Cuareim 1483, 11100, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | | | | | - Tales Dias do Prado
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Veterinary, University of Rio Verde, Rio Verde, Brazil
| | - Berenice Anina Dedavid
- Department of Materials Engineering, Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Piedad N de Aza
- Department of Materials, Instituto de Bioingenieria, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Alicante, Spain
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Gehrke SA, Júnior JA, Eirles Treichel TL, Dedavid BA. Biomechanical and histological evaluation of four different implant macrogeometries in the early osseointegration process: An in vivo animal study. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 125:104935. [PMID: 34736028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effects of implant macrogeometry on the early period of the osseointegration process, comparing four different implant models through biomechanical and histological analysis after implantation in rabbit tibiae. Twenty New Zealand rabbits were used, evaluated at two different times (21 and 28 days) after installation of the implant. Eighty implants with different macrogeometries were used, forming four groups (n = 20 per group): cylindrical implants Ø4.1 mm and 8 mm in length (STRc group); cylindrical-conical implants Ø4.1 mm and 8 mm in length (STRt group); tapered implants Ø4.3 mm and 8 mm in length (NOBt group); and tapered implants with healing chambers Ø4.0 mm and 8 mm in length (MAEt group). Ten samples from each group were analyzed at each proposed time. The initial implant stability quotient (ISQ) was measured by resonance frequency analysis, both at the time of installation and at the time of sacrifice. In the histological sections, the percentage of bone-implant contact (BIC%), newly formed bone, osteoid matrix, and medullary spaces were measured in the pre-determined cortical and medullary bone portion for each sample. The three tapered implant groups (STRt, NOBt, and MAEt) showed higher values for the analyzed parameters in the early osseointegration period, in comparison with the cylindrical implant group (STRc). In all parameters, the three tapered groups showed no difference (p > 0.05); however, all three tapered groups presented significant differences, when compared to the cylindrical group (p < 0.05). No correlation was detected between the parameters analyzed. Within the limitations of the present study, in all parameters analyzed, the tapered implants demonstrated greater results when compared to the cylindrical implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Alexandre Gehrke
- Department of Biotechnology, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107, Murcia, Spain; Department of Research, Biotecnos - Technology and Science, 11100, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | | | | | - Berenice Anina Dedavid
- Department of Materials Engineering, Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Can the design of the instruments used for undersized osteotomies influence the initial stability of implants installed in low-density bone? An in vitro pilot study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257985. [PMID: 34618848 PMCID: PMC8496820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aims of this study were to compare the initial implant stability obtained using four different osteotomy techniques in low-density synthetic bone, to evaluate the instrument design in comparison to the implant design, and to determinate a possible correlation between the insertion torque and initial stability quotient (ISQ). Materials and methods Four groups were identified in accordance with the osteotomy technique used (n = 10 implants per group): group G1, osteotomy using the recommended drilling sequence; group G2, osteotomy using an undersized compactor drill; group G3, osteotomy using an undersized drill; and group G4, osteotomy using universal osseodensification drills. Two polyurethane blocks were used: block 1, with a medullary portion of 10 pounds per cubic foot (PCF 10) and with a 1 mm cortical portion of PCF 40, and block 2, with a medullary of PCF 15 and with a 2 mm cortical portion of PCF 40. Tapered implants of 4 mm in diameter and 11 mm in length were used. The insertion torque (IT) and ISQ were measured. The dimensions of the final instrument used in each group and the dimensions of the implant were used to calculate the total area of each part, and these data were compared. Results Differences between the four groups were found for IT and ISQ values depending on the technique used for the osteotomy in the two synthetic bone models (p < 0.0001). All groups showed lower values of initial stability in block 1 than in block 2. Conclusions Undersized osteotomies with instruments designed according to the implant body significantly increased the initial stability values compared to beds prepared with universal drills and using the drilling sequence standardized by the manufacturer.
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Petrini M, Pierfelice TV, D’Amico E, Di Pietro N, Pandolfi A, D’Arcangelo C, De Angelis F, Mandatori D, Schiavone V, Piattelli A, Iezzi G. Influence of Nano, Micro, and Macro Topography of Dental Implant Surfaces on Human Gingival Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9871. [PMID: 34576038 PMCID: PMC8464951 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Current research on dental implants has mainly focused on the influence of surface roughness on the rate of osseointegration, while studies on the development of surfaces to also improve the interaction of peri-implant soft tissues are lacking. To this end, the first purpose of this study was to evaluate the response of human gingival fibroblasts (hGDFs) to titanium implant discs (Implacil De Bortoli, Brazil) having different micro and nano-topography: machined (Ti-M) versus sandblasted/double-etched (Ti-S). The secondary aim was to investigate the effect of the macrogeometry of the discs on cells: linear-like (Ti-L) versus wave-like (Ti-W) surfaces. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that the Ti-S surfaces were characterized by a significantly higher micro and nano roughness and showed the 3D macrotopography of Ti-L and Ti-W surfaces. For in vitro analyses, the hGDFs were seeded into titanium discs and analyzed at 1, 3, and 5 days for adhesion and morphology (SEM) viability and proliferation (Cck-8 and MTT assays). The results showed that all tested surfaces were not cytotoxic for the hGDFs, rather the nano-micro and macro topography favored their proliferation in a time-dependent manner. Especially, at 3 and 5 days, the number of cells on Ti-L was higher than on other surfaces, including Ti-W surfaces. In conclusion, although further studies are needed, our in vitro data proved that the use of implant discs with Ti-S surfaces promotes the adhesion and proliferation of gingival fibroblasts, suggesting their use for in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morena Petrini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy; (M.P.); (T.V.P.); (E.D.); (A.P.); (C.D.); (F.D.A.); (D.M.); (V.S.); (A.P.); (G.I.)
| | - Tania Vanessa Pierfelice
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy; (M.P.); (T.V.P.); (E.D.); (A.P.); (C.D.); (F.D.A.); (D.M.); (V.S.); (A.P.); (G.I.)
| | - Emira D’Amico
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy; (M.P.); (T.V.P.); (E.D.); (A.P.); (C.D.); (F.D.A.); (D.M.); (V.S.); (A.P.); (G.I.)
| | - Natalia Di Pietro
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy; (M.P.); (T.V.P.); (E.D.); (A.P.); (C.D.); (F.D.A.); (D.M.); (V.S.); (A.P.); (G.I.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST (ex CeSI-MeT), University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66013 Chieti, Italy
| | - Assunta Pandolfi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy; (M.P.); (T.V.P.); (E.D.); (A.P.); (C.D.); (F.D.A.); (D.M.); (V.S.); (A.P.); (G.I.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST (ex CeSI-MeT), University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66013 Chieti, Italy
| | - Camillo D’Arcangelo
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy; (M.P.); (T.V.P.); (E.D.); (A.P.); (C.D.); (F.D.A.); (D.M.); (V.S.); (A.P.); (G.I.)
| | - Francesco De Angelis
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy; (M.P.); (T.V.P.); (E.D.); (A.P.); (C.D.); (F.D.A.); (D.M.); (V.S.); (A.P.); (G.I.)
| | - Domitilla Mandatori
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy; (M.P.); (T.V.P.); (E.D.); (A.P.); (C.D.); (F.D.A.); (D.M.); (V.S.); (A.P.); (G.I.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST (ex CeSI-MeT), University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66013 Chieti, Italy
| | - Valeria Schiavone
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy; (M.P.); (T.V.P.); (E.D.); (A.P.); (C.D.); (F.D.A.); (D.M.); (V.S.); (A.P.); (G.I.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST (ex CeSI-MeT), University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66013 Chieti, Italy
| | - Adriano Piattelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy; (M.P.); (T.V.P.); (E.D.); (A.P.); (C.D.); (F.D.A.); (D.M.); (V.S.); (A.P.); (G.I.)
- Research Center Fondazione Villa Serena per la Ricerca, 65013 Città Sant’Angelo, Italy
- Clinical Center, Casa di Cura Villa Serena del dott. L. Petruzzi, 65013 Città Sant’Angelo, Italy
| | - Giovanna Iezzi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy; (M.P.); (T.V.P.); (E.D.); (A.P.); (C.D.); (F.D.A.); (D.M.); (V.S.); (A.P.); (G.I.)
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Alipal J, Lee T, Koshy P, Abdullah H, Idris M. Evolution of anodised titanium for implant applications. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07408. [PMID: 34296002 PMCID: PMC8281482 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Anodised titanium has a long history as a coating structure for implants due to its bioactive and ossified surface, which promotes rapid bone integration. In response to the growing literature on anodised titanium, this article is the first to revisit the evolution of anodised titanium as an implant coating. The review reports the process and mechanisms for the engineering of distinctive anodised titanium structures, the significant factors influencing the mechanisms of its formation, bioactivity, as well as recent pre- and post-surface treatments proposed to improve the performance of anodised titanium. The review then broadens the discussion to include future functional trends of anodised titanium, ranging from the provision of higher surface energy interactions in the design of biocomposite coatings (template stencil interface for mechanical interlock) to techniques for measuring the bone-to-implant contact (BIC), each with their own challenges. Overall, this paper provides up-to-date information on the impacts of the structure and function of anodised titanium as an implant coating in vitro and in/ex vivo tests, as well as the four key future challenges that are important for its clinical translations, namely (i) techniques to enhance the mechanical stability and (ii) testing techniques to measure the mechanical stability of anodised titanium, (iii) real-time/in-situ detection methods for surface reactions, and (iv) cost-effectiveness for anodised titanium and its safety as a bone implant coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Alipal
- Department of Chemical Engineering Technology, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Pagoh Higher Education Hub, 84600 Muar, Johor, Malaysia
| | - T.C. Lee
- Department of Production and Operation Management, Faculty of Technology Management and Business, UTHM Parit Raja 86400, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - P. Koshy
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - H.Z. Abdullah
- Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, UTHM Parit Raja 86400, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - M.I. Idris
- Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, UTHM Parit Raja 86400, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
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Worch JC, Weems AC, Yu J, Arno MC, Wilks TR, Huckstepp RTR, O'Reilly RK, Becker ML, Dove AP. Elastomeric polyamide biomaterials with stereochemically tuneable mechanical properties and shape memory. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3250. [PMID: 32591525 PMCID: PMC7320000 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16945-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocompatible polymers are widely used in tissue engineering and biomedical device applications. However, few biomaterials are suitable for use as long-term implants and these examples usually possess limited property scope, can be difficult to process, and are non-responsive to external stimuli. Here, we report a class of easily processable polyamides with stereocontrolled mechanical properties and high-fidelity shape memory behaviour. We synthesise these materials using the efficient nucleophilic thiol-yne reaction between a dipropiolamide and dithiol to yield an α,β - unsaturated carbonyl moiety along the polymer backbone. By rationally exploiting reaction conditions, the alkene stereochemistry is modulated between 35-82% cis content and the stereochemistry dictates the bulk material properties such as tensile strength, modulus, and glass transition. Further access to materials possessing a broader range of thermal and mechanical properties is accomplished by polymerising a variety of commercially available dithiols with the dipropiolamide monomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C Worch
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Andrew C Weems
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jiayi Yu
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Maria C Arno
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Thomas R Wilks
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | | | - Rachel K O'Reilly
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Matthew L Becker
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, 308 Research Drive, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
| | - Andrew P Dove
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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Histological and Histomorphometrical Evaluation of a New Implant Macrogeometry. A Sheep Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17103477. [PMID: 32429405 PMCID: PMC7277453 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Decompression or healing chambers between the threads have been proposed to improve and accelerate the osseointegration process of dental implants. The aim of the present work was to test, in an in vivo sheep study, if healing chambers between the threads could produce a better osseointegration process. Thirty titanium implants (15 conventional design (control) and 15 implants with healing chambers (test)) were inserted in a random fashion in the tibia of 3 sheep. The animals were euthanized after 30 days of healing, and the retrieved specimens treated to obtain thin ground sections. Histological observations showed that the quantity of newly formed bone growing in an apical direction was lower in the control group (1095 µm) when compared to the Test group (1658 µm). This difference was statistically significant. Moreover, a layer of osteogenic matrix was present around the portion of implants immersed in the marrow spaces. This osteogenic tissue was thicker in the test group. In conclusion, the present study confirmed the very good results in implants with healing chambers that presented a higher percentage of new bone formation.
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11
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Biomechanical Effects of a New Macrogeometry Design of Dental Implants: An In Vitro Experimental Analysis. J Funct Biomater 2019; 10:jfb10040047. [PMID: 31731451 PMCID: PMC6963387 DOI: 10.3390/jfb10040047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to measure and compare the insertion torque, removal torque, and the implant stability quotient by resonance frequency analysis in different polyurethane block densities of two implant macrogeometries. Four different polyurethane synthetic bone blocks were used with three cortical thickness: Bone 1 with a cortical thickness of 1 mm, Bone 2 with a cortical thickness of 2 mm, Bone 3 with a cortical thickness of 3 mm, and Bone 4, which was totally cortical. Four groups were created in accordance with the implant macrogeometry (n = 10 per group) and surface treatment: G1—regular implant design without surface treatment; G2—regular implant design with surface treatment; G3—new implant design without surface treatment; G4—new implant design with surface treatment. All implants used were 4 mm in diameter and 10 mm in length and manufactured in commercially pure titanium (grade IV) by Implacil De Bortoli (São Paulo, Brazil). The implants were installed using a computed torque machine, and following installation of the implant, the stability quotient (implant stability quotient, ISQ) values were measured in two directions using Osstell devices. The data were analyzed by considering the 5% level of significance. All implant groups showed similar mean ISQ values without statistical differences (p > 0.05), for the same synthetic bone block: for Bone 1, the value was 57.7 ± 3.0; for Bone 2, it was 58.6 ± 2.2; for Bone 3, it was 60.6 ± 2.3; and for Bone 4, it was 68.5 ± 2.8. However, the insertion torque showed similar higher values for the regular macrogeometry (G1 and G2 groups) in comparison with the new implant macrogeometry (G3 and G4 groups). The analysis of the results found that primary stability does not simply depend on the insertion torque but also on the bone quality. In comparison with the regular implant macrogeometry, the new implant macrogeometry decreased the insertion torque without affecting the implant stability quotient values.
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