1
|
Jion MMMF, Jannat JN, Mia MY, Ali MA, Islam MS, Ibrahim SM, Pal SC, Islam A, Sarker A, Malafaia G, Bilal M, Islam ARMT. A critical review and prospect of NO 2 and SO 2 pollution over Asia: Hotspots, trends, and sources. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 876:162851. [PMID: 36921864 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) are two major atmospheric pollutants that significantly threaten human health, the environment, and ecosystems worldwide. Despite this, only some studies have investigated the spatiotemporal hotspots of NO2 and SO2, their trends, production, and sources in Asia. Our study presents a literature review covering the production, trends, and sources of NO2 and SO2 across Asian countries (e.g., Bangladesh, China, India, Iran, Japan, Pakistan, Malaysia, Kuwait, and Nepal). Based on the findings of the review, NO2 and SO2 pollution are increasing due to industrial activity, fossil fuel burning, biomass burning, heavy traffic movement, electricity generation, and power plants. There is significant concern about health risks associated with NO2 and SO2 emissions in Bangladesh, China, India, Malaysia, and Iran, as they pay less attention to managing and controlling pollution. Even though the lack of quality datasets and adequate research in most Asian countries further complicates the management and control of NO2 and SO2 pollution. This study has NO2 and SO2 pollution scenarios, including hotspots, trends, sources, and their influences on Asian countries. This study highlights the existing research gaps and recommends new research on identifying integrated sources, their variations, spatiotemporal trends, emission characteristics, and pollution level. Finally, the present study suggests a framework for controlling and monitoring these two pollutants' emissions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jannatun Nahar Jannat
- Department of Disaster Management, Begum Bekeya University, Rangpur 5400, Bangladesh
| | - Md Yousuf Mia
- Department of Disaster Management, Begum Bekeya University, Rangpur 5400, Bangladesh
| | - Md Arfan Ali
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, China; Center of Excellence for Climate Change Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Saiful Islam
- Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Sobhy M Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Subodh Chandra Pal
- Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, Bardhaman 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Aznarul Islam
- Department of Geography, Aliah University, 17 Gorachand Road, Kolkata 700 014, West Bengal, India.
| | - Aniruddha Sarker
- Department of Agro-food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Ecology, Conservation, and Biodiversity, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China.
| | - Abu Reza Md Towfiqul Islam
- Department of Disaster Management, Begum Bekeya University, Rangpur 5400, Bangladesh; Department of Development Studies, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu F, Xing C, Su P, Luo Y, Zhao T, Xue J, Zhang G, Qin S, Song Y, Bu N. Source analysis of the tropospheric NO 2 based on MAX-DOAS measurements in northeastern China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 306:119424. [PMID: 35537554 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ground-based Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (Max-DOAS) measurements of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were continuously obtained from January to November 2019 in northeastern China (NEC). Seasonal variations in the mean NO2 vertical column densities (VCDs) were apparent, with a maximum of 2.9 × 1016 molecules cm-2 in the winter due to enhanced NO2 emissions from coal-fired winter heating, a longer photochemical lifetime and atmospheric transport. Daily maximum and minimum NO2 VCDs were observed, independent of the season, at around 11:00 and 13:00 local time, respectively, and the most obvious increases and decreases occurred in the winter and autumn, respectively. The mean diurnal NO2 VCDs at 11:00 increased to at 08:00 by 1.6, 5.8, and 6.7 × 1015 molecules cm-2 in the summer, autumn and winter, respectively, due to increased NO2 emissions, and then decreased by 2.8, 4.2, and 5.1 × 1015 molecules cm-2 at 13:00 in the spring, summer, and autumn, respectively. This was due to strong solar radiation and increased planetary boundary layer height. There was no obvious weekend effect, and the NO2 VCDs only decreased by about 10% on the weekends. We evaluated the contributions of emissions and transport in the different seasons to the NO2 VCDs using a generalized additive model, where the contributions of local emissions to the total in the spring, summer, autumn, and winter were 89 ± 12%, 92 ± 11%, 86 ± 12%, and 72 ± 16%, respectively. The contribution of regional transport reached 26% in the winter, and this high contribution value was mainly correlated with the northeast wind, which was due to the transport channel of air pollutants along the Changbai Mountains in NEC. The NO2/SO2 ratio was used to identify NO2 from industrial sources and vehicle exhaust. The contribution of industrial NO2 VCD sources was >66.3 ± 16% in Shenyang due to the large amount of coal combustion from heavy industrial activity, which emitted large amounts of NO2. Our results suggest that air quality management in Shenyang should consider reductions in local NO2 emissions from industrial sources along with regional cooperative control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Chengzhi Xing
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Pinjie Su
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Yifu Luo
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Jiexiao Xue
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Guohui Zhang
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Sida Qin
- Liaoning Science and Technology Center for Ecological and Environmental Protection, Shenyang, 110161, China
| | - Youtao Song
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Naishun Bu
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment Research in Cold Regions of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin University, 150086, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xue J, Zhao T, Luo Y, Miao C, Su P, Liu F, Zhang G, Qin S, Song Y, Bu N, Xing C. Identification of ozone sensitivity for NO 2 and secondary HCHO based on MAX-DOAS measurements in northeast China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 160:107048. [PMID: 34959197 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.107048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, tropospheric formaldehyde (HCHO) vertical column densities (VCDs) were measured using multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) from January to November 2019 in Shenyang, Northeast China. The maximum HCHO VCD value appeared in the summer (1.74 × 1016 molec/cm2), due to increased photo-oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). HCHO concentrations increased from 08:00 and peaked near 13:00, which was mainly attributed to the increased release of isoprene from plants and enhanced photolysis at noon. The HCHO VCDs observed by MAX-DOAS and OMI have a good correlation coefficient (R) of 0.78, and the contributions from primary and secondary HCHO sources were distinguished by the multi-linear regression model. The anthropogenic emissions showed unobvious seasonal variations, and the primary HCHO was relatively stable in Shenyang. Secondary HCHO contributed 82.62%, 83.90%, 78.90%, and 41.53% to the total measured ambient HCHO during the winter, spring, summer, and autumn, respectively. We also found a good correlation (R = 0.78) between enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and HCHO VCDs, indicating that the oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) was the main source of HCHO. The ratio of secondary HCHO to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was used as the tracer to analyze O3-NOx-VOC sensitivities. We found that the VOC-limited, VOC-NOx-limited, and NOx-limited regimes made up 93.67%, 6.23%, 0.11% of the overall measurements, respectively. In addition, summertime ozone (O3) sensitivity changed from VOC-limited in the morning to VOC-NOx-limited in the afternoon. Therefore, this study offers information on HCHO sources and corresponding O3 production sensitivities to support strategic management decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiexiao Xue
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Yifu Luo
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Congke Miao
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Pinjie Su
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Guohui Zhang
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Sida Qin
- Liaoning Science and Technology Center for Ecological and Environmental Protection, Shenyang 110161, China
| | - Youtao Song
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Naishun Bu
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment Research in Cold Regions of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin University, 150086, China.
| | - Chengzhi Xing
- Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Analysis of Spatio-Temporal Heterogeneity and Socioeconomic driving Factors of PM2.5 in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei and Its Surrounding Areas. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12101324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Due to rapid urbanization and socio-economic development, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution has drawn very wide concern, especially in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, as well as in its surrounding areas. Different socio-economic developments shape the unique characteristics of each city, which may contribute to the spatial heterogeneity of pollution levels. Based on ground fine particulate matter (PM2.5) monitoring data and socioeconomic panel data from 2015 to 2019, the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, and its surrounding provinces, were selected as a case study area to explore the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of PM2.5 pollution, and the driving effect of socioeconomic factors on local air pollution. The spatio-temporal heterogeneity analysis showed that PM2.5 concentration in the study area expressed a downward trend from 2015 to 2019. Specifically, the concentration in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei and Henan Province had decreased, but in Shanxi Province and Shandong Province, the concentration showed an inverted U-shaped and U-shaped variation trend, respectively. From the perspective of spatial distribution, PM2.5 concentrations in the study area had an obvious spatial positive correlation, with agglomeration characteristics of “high–high” and “low–low”. The high-value area was mainly distributed in the junction area of Henan, Shandong, and Hebei Provinces, which had been gradually moving to the southwest. The low values were mainly concentrated in the northern parts of Shanxi and Hebei Provinces, and the eastern part of Shandong Province. The results of the spatial lag model showed that Total Population (POP), Proportion of Urban Population (UP), Output of Second Industry (SI), and Roads Density (RD) had positive driving effects on PM2.5 concentration, which were opposite of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). In addition, the spatial spillover effect of the PM2.5 concentrations in surrounding areas has a positive driving effect on local pollution levels. Although the PM2.5 levels in the study area have been decreasing, air pollution is still a serious problem. In the future, studies on the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of PM2.5 caused by unbalanced social development will help to better understand the interaction between urban development and environmental stress. These findings can contribute to the development of effective policies to mitigate and reduce PM2.5 pollutions from a socio-economic perspective.
Collapse
|
5
|
Meteorological Drivers of Permian Basin Methane Anomalies Derived from TROPOMI. REMOTE SENSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13050896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The launch of the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) on the Sentinel-5 Precursor (S-5P) satellite has revolutionized pollution observations from space. The purpose of this study was to link spatiotemporal variations in TROPOMI methane (CH4) columns to meteorological flow patterns over the Permian Basin, the largest oil and second-largest natural gas producing region in the United States. Over a two-year period (1 December 2018–1 December 2020), the largest average CH4 enhancements were observed near and to the north and west of the primary emission regions. Four case study periods—two with moderate westerly winds associated with passing weather disturbances (8–15 March 2019 and 1 April–10 May 2019) and two other periods dominated by high pressure and low wind speeds (16–23 March 2019 and 24 September–9 October 2020)—were analyzed to better understand meteorological drivers of the variability in CH4. Meteorological observations and analyses combined with TROPOMI observations suggest that weakened transport out of the Basin during low wind speed periods contributes to CH4 enhancements throughout the Basin, while valley and slope flows may explain the observed western expansion of the Permian Basin CH4 anomaly.
Collapse
|
6
|
Temporal Variability of Equivalent Black Carbon Components in Atmospheric Air in Southern Poland. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study assesses the air quality in Zabrze (southern Poland) based on the ambient concentrations of equivalent black carbon (eBC). eBC measurement campaigns were carried out from April 2019 to March 2020 using a modern AE33 Aethalometer, accompanied by parallel measurements of gaseous pollutants, PM10 and meteorological parameters. The use of the two-component AE33 model allows for the determination of the eBC from fossil fuel combustion (eBCff) and biomass burning (eBCbb). The obtained results showed a clear seasonal variability of eBC concentrations, with higher average levels in the heating season (4.70 µg·m−3) compared to the non-heating one (1.79 µg·m−3). In both seasons, the eBCff component had a dominant share in total eBC, which indicates significant emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels for heating purposes and from local traffic sources. The obtained results showed high correlation coefficients with gaseous and particulate pollutants, with the strongest relationship for eBC and carbon monoxide (CO). During the non-heating and heating period, both anticyclone and cyclone systems played an important role in shaping eBC, eBCff and eBCbb concentrations. High concentrations of all components occurred with a significant decrease in air temperature and solar radiation in winter.
Collapse
|