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Akhlaghi H, Javan AJ, Chashmi SHE. Helicobacter pullorum and Helicobacter canadensis: Etiology, pathogenicity, epidemiology, identification, and antibiotic resistance implicating food and public health. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 413:110573. [PMID: 38246022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Nowadays, it is well-established that the consumption of poultry meat, especially chicken meat products has been drastically increasing. Even though more attentions are being paid to the major foodborne pathogens, it seems that scientists in the area of food safety and public health would prefer tackling the minor food borne zoonotic emerging or reemerging pathogens, namely Helicobacter species. Recently, understanding the novel aspects of zoonotic Enterohepatic Helicobacter species, including pathogenesis, isolation, identification, and genomic features is regarded as a serious challenge. In this regard, considerable attention is given to emerging elusive zoonotic Enterohepatic Helicobacter species, comprising Helicobacter pullorum and Helicobacter canadensis. In conclusion, the current review paper would attempt to elaborately summarize and somewhat compare the etiology, pathogenesis, cultivation process, identification, genotyping, and antimicrobial resistance profile of both H. pullorum and H. Canadensis. Further, H. pullorum has been introduced as the most significant food borne pathogen in chicken meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosein Akhlaghi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ashkan Jebelli Javan
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.
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Yazdanparast S, Bakhtiyaridovvombaygi M, Mikanik F, Ahmadi R, Ghorbani M, Mansoorian MR, Mansoorian M, Chegni H, Moshari J, Gharehbaghian A. Spotlight on contributory role of host immunogenetic profiling in SARS-CoV-2 infection: Susceptibility, severity, mortality, and vaccine effectiveness. Life Sci 2023:121907. [PMID: 37394094 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SARS-CoV-2 virus has spread continuously worldwide, characterized by various clinical symptoms. The immune system responds to SARS-CoV-2 infection by producing Abs and secreting cytokines. Recently, numerous studies have highlighted that immunogenetic factors perform a putative role in COVID-19 pathogenesis and implicate vaccination effectiveness. AIM This review summarizes the relevant articles and evaluates the significance of mutation and polymorphism in immune-related genes regarding susceptibility, severity, mortality, and vaccination effectiveness of COVID-19. Furthermore, the correlation between host immunogenetic and SARS-CoV-2 reinfection is discussed. METHOD A comprehensive search was conducted to identify relevant articles using five databases until January 2023, which resulted in 105 total articles. KEY FINDINGS Taken to gather this review summarized that: (a) there is a plausible correlation between immune-related genes and COVID-19 outcomes, (b) the HLAs, cytokines, chemokines, and other immune-related genes expression profiles can be a prognostic factor in COVID-19-infected patients, and (c) polymorphisms in immune-related genes have been associated with the effectiveness of vaccination. SIGNIFICANCE Regarding the importance of mutation and polymorphisms in immune-related genes in COVID-19 outcomes, modulating candidate genes is expected to help clinical decisions, patient outcomes management, and innovative therapeutic approach development. In addition, the manipulation of host immunogenetics is hypothesized to induce more robust cellular and humoral immune responses, effectively increase the efficacy of vaccines, and subsequently reduce the incidence rates of reinfection-associated COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Yazdanparast
- Student Research Committee, Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Bakhtiyaridovvombaygi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mikanik
- Student Research Committee, Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Ahmadi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ghorbani
- Laboratory Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
| | | | - Mozhgan Mansoorian
- Nursing Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Hamid Chegni
- Department of Immunology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalil Moshari
- School of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Science, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Gharehbaghian
- Department of Hematology and Blood Bank, School of Allied Medical Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Pediatric Congenital Hematologic Disorders Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Kuznetsova NA, Ogarkova DA, Gushchin VA, Antipyat NА, Bacalin VV, Burgasova OA, Vasilchenko LA, Samkov AA, Simakova YV, Divisenko EV, Siniavin AE, Tkachuk AP, Kolobukhina LV, Shidlovskaya EV, Tyurin IN, Kruzhkova IS, Zlobin VI, Nikiforova MA, Odnoralov MA, Gintsburg AL. [Evaluation of the dynamics of detection of viable SARS-CoV-2 (Coronaviridae: Betacoronavirus: Sarbecovirus) in biological samples obtained from patients with COVID-19 in a health care setting, as one of the indicators of the infectivity of the virus]. Vopr Virusol 2023; 68:105-116. [PMID: 37264845 DOI: 10.36233/0507-4088-160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The study of the mechanisms of transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is the basis for building a strategy for anti-epidemic measures in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding in what time frame a patient can spread SARS-CoV-2 is just as important as knowing the transmission mechanisms themselves. This information is necessary to develop effective measures to prevent infection by breaking the chains of transmission of the virus. The aim of the work is to identify the infectious SARS-CoV-2 virus in patient samples in the course of the disease and to determine the duration of virus shedding in patients with varying severity of COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS In patients included in the study, biomaterial (nasopharyngeal swabs) was subjected to analysis by quantitative RT-PCR and virological determination of infectivity of the virus. RESULTS We have determined the timeframe of maintaining the infectivity of the virus in patients hospitalized with severe and moderate COVID-19. Based on the results of the study, we made an analysis of the relationship between the amount of detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA and the infectivity of the virus in vitro in patients with COVID-19. The median time of the infectious virus shedding was 8 days. In addition, a comparative analysis of different protocols for the detection of the viral RNA in relation to the identification of the infectious virus was carried out. CONCLUSION The obtained data make it possible to assess the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 detection and viral load in patients with COVID-19 and indicate the significance of these parameters for the subsequent spread of the virus and the organization of preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Kuznetsova
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - D A Ogarkova
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - V A Gushchin
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - N А Antipyat
- Infectious Clinical Hospital No. 1 of the Department of Health of the Moscow
| | | | | | - L A Vasilchenko
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - A A Samkov
- Infectious Clinical Hospital No. 1 of the Department of Health of the Moscow
| | - Y V Simakova
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - E V Divisenko
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - A E Siniavin
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - A P Tkachuk
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - L V Kolobukhina
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - E V Shidlovskaya
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - I N Tyurin
- Infectious Clinical Hospital No. 1 of the Department of Health of the Moscow
| | - I S Kruzhkova
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - V I Zlobin
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - M A Nikiforova
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
| | - M A Odnoralov
- Infectious Clinical Hospital No. 1 of the Department of Health of the Moscow
| | - A L Gintsburg
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
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Inam A, Mushtaq A, Zaman S, Wasif S, Noor M, Khan HA. Vaccine hesitancy and post-vaccination adherence to safety measures: A mixed-method study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1072740. [PMID: 37064699 PMCID: PMC10102652 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1072740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundDespite being recognized as one of the most successful public health measures, vaccination is still considered to be unnecessary and unreliable in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The current study utilized a two-pronged approach in analyzing vaccine hesitancy and health behaviors after vaccination by employing a mixed-method design. Phase 1 was aimed at identifying predictors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and acceptance among the Pakistani population using protection motivation theory (PMT), whereas Phase 2 was aimed at exploring the factors related to the vaccination of COVID-19.MethodA convenient sample of 1,736 individuals from the vaccine-eligible population (12 years and above) was selected to collect data on vaccine hesitancy and acceptance (Phase 1). Phase 2 of the study explored post-vaccination health behaviors, especially adherence to safety measures for COVID-19, through 23 in-depth interviews with the vaccinated population.ResultsMultiple regression analyses showed that response cost is a major predictor of vaccine hesitancy (in Phase 1). In terms of the role of demographic variables, the results showed that being male (for severity: B = −0.481; threat appraisal: B = −0.737), old age (B = −0.044), not vaccinated, and not infected with COVID-19 (themselves and family members) are strongly associated with vaccination hesitancy. Results of thematic analysis in Phase 2 revealed that perceived individual experience and insensitivity toward the severity of the disease are strongly associated with a lack of adherence to safety measures of COVID-19. Faith and religious beliefs and reliance on traditional remedies are also key predictors of people's general non-compliance to health behaviors. One interesting aspect that was revealed in the analysis was the general financially and socially destabilized situation in the context of developing countries that contributed to general apathy in the pandemic situation.ConclusionThe findings of the current study may help in devising a health model for the public from the developing world to deal with future pandemic situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Inam
- Department of Humanities, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asia Mushtaq
- Department of Applied Psychology, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Asia Mushtaq
| | - Sahira Zaman
- Department of Gender Studies, Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Samia Wasif
- Department of Humanities, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mah Noor
- Department of Humanities, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hania Asghar Khan
- Department of Humanities, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Lahaye C, Parant F, Haesebaert J, Goldet K, Bendim'red L, Henaff L, Saadatian-Elahi M, Vanhems P, Cuerq C, Gilbert T, Blond E, Bost M, Bonnefoy M. Minerals and Antioxidant Micronutrients Levels and Clinical Outcome in Older Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 during the First Wave of the Pandemic. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061516. [PMID: 36986247 PMCID: PMC10056386 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive inflammatory response has been implicated in severe respiratory forms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Trace elements such as zinc, selenium, and copper are known to modulate inflammation and immunity. This study aimed to assess the relationships between antioxidant vitamins and mineral trace elements levels as well as COVID-19 severity in older adults hospitalized. In this observational retrospective cohort study, the levels of zinc, selenium, copper, vitamin A, β-carotene, and vitamin E were measured in 94 patients within the first 15 days of hospitalization. The outcomes were in-hospital mortality secondary to COVID-19 or severe COVID-19. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to test whether the levels of vitamins and minerals were independently associated with severity. In this cohort (average age of 78 years), severe forms (46%) were associated with lower zinc (p = 0.012) and β-carotene (p < 0.001) concentrations, and in-hospital mortality (15%) was associated with lower zinc (p = 0.009), selenium (p = 0.014), vitamin A (p = 0.001), and β-carotene (p = 0.002) concentrations. In regression analysis, severe forms remained independently associated with lower zinc (aOR 2.13, p = 0.018) concentrations, and death was associated with lower vitamin A (aOR = 0.165, p = 0.021) concentrations. Low plasma concentrations of zinc and vitamin A were associated with poor prognosis in older people hospitalized with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Lahaye
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - François Parant
- Biology Center South, Hôpital Lyon Sud, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Julie Haesebaert
- Public Health Unit, Department of Clinical Research and Epidemiology, Groupement Hospitalier Est, 69002 Lyon, France
- RESHAPE Research on Healthcare Performance Inserm U1290, Université Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Karine Goldet
- Clinical Research Centre, Ageing, Brain, Fragility-Hôpital des Charpennes, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Lamia Bendim'red
- Clinical Research Centre, Ageing, Brain, Fragility-Hôpital des Charpennes, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laetitia Henaff
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Prevention, Hôpital Édouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69003 Lyon, France
- ICIR-International Center for Infectiology Research (Team PHE3ID), Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Mitra Saadatian-Elahi
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Prevention, Hôpital Édouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69003 Lyon, France
- ICIR-International Center for Infectiology Research (Team PHE3ID), Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Vanhems
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Prevention, Hôpital Édouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69003 Lyon, France
- ICIR-International Center for Infectiology Research (Team PHE3ID), Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Charlotte Cuerq
- Biology Center South, Hôpital Lyon Sud, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Thomas Gilbert
- RESHAPE Research on Healthcare Performance Inserm U1290, Université Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Groupement Hospitalier Sud, CHU de Lyon, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Emilie Blond
- Biology Center South, Hôpital Lyon Sud, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Muriel Bost
- Biology Center South, Hôpital Lyon Sud, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Marc Bonnefoy
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Groupement Hospitalier Sud, CHU de Lyon, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
- INSERM, 1060 CaRMeN 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France
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Lee FSY, Ang CS. Positive Vibes are Not Always Easy: Examining the Association Between Covid-19 Stress and Mental Well-Being. Psychol Rep 2023:332941221149179. [PMID: 36592181 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221149179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The virus known as Covid-19 caused a global pandemic in 2019 and was found to have a devastating impact on mental well-being. Individuals around the world had difficulty retaining positive emotions such as gratitude, mindfulness, and hope in the face of this disaster. These feelings diminished their sense of mental well-being. This study examined the mediational model of gratitude, mindfulness, and hope as parallel mediators of the relationship between Covid-19 stress and mental well-being. In total, 289 adults from the general population completed the scales of Covid stress, gratitude, mindfulness, hope, and mental well-being. Results indicated that Covid-19 stress was related to mental well-being, with mindfulness and hope acting as mediators. Gratitude, on the other hand, did not mediate the relationship. The study provides evidence that targeting gratitude, mindfulness, and hope may have a meaningful effect on Covid-19 stress as a related symptom and potentially have a negative impact on mental well-being during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chin-Siang Ang
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, 122122Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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Singh P, Sharma K, Shaw D, Bhargava A, Negi SS. Mosaic Recombination Inflicted Various SARS-CoV-2 Lineages to Emerge into Novel Virus Variants: a Review Update. Indian J Clin Biochem 2022; 38:1-8. [PMID: 36569378 PMCID: PMC9759274 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-022-01109-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Human Coronaviruses (hCoVs) belongs to the enormous and dissimilar family of positive-sense, non-segmented, single-stranded RNA viruses. The RNA viruses are prone to high rates of mutational recombination resulting in emergence of evolutionary variant to alter various features including transmissibility and severity. The evolutionary changes affect the immune escape and reduce effectiveness of diagnostic and therapeutic measures by becoming undetectable by the currently available diagnostics and refractory to therapeutics and vaccines. Whole genome sequencing studies from various countries have adequately reported mosaic recombination between different lineage strain of SARS-CoV-2 whereby RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene reconnects with a homologous RNA strand at diverse position. This all lead to evolutionary emergence of new variant/ lineage as evident with the emergence of XBB in India at the time of writing this review. The continuous periodical genomic surveillance is utmost required for understanding the various lineages involved in recombination to emerge into hybrid variant. This may further help in assessing virus transmission dynamics, virulence and severity factor to help health authorities take appropriate timely action for prevention and control of any future COVID-19 outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpendra Singh
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh India
| | - Kuldeep Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh India
| | - Dipika Shaw
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh India
| | - Anudita Bhargava
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh India
| | - Sanjay Singh Negi
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh India
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Saba EKA, Elsawy MS. Biofeedback pelvic floor muscle training versus posterior tibial nerve electrostimulation in treatment of functional obstructed defecation: a prospective randomized clinical trial. EGYPTIAN RHEUMATOLOGY AND REHABILITATION 2022. [PMCID: PMC9510403 DOI: 10.1186/s43166-022-00148-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Functional obstructed defecation is a common anorectal problem among adult population. The objective was to compare the short-term efficacy of biofeedback pelvic floor muscle training versus transcutaneous posterior tibial nerve electrostimulation in treatment of patients with functional obstructed defecation.
Results
There were 41 patients completed the study. There were no statistical significant differences between biofeedback pelvic floor muscle training group and transcutaneous posterior tibial nerve electrostimulation group regarding different clinical characteristics, as well as, electrophysiological findings. There was statistically significant reduction in all outcome measures after intervention in both groups. The primary outcome measure was Modified obstructed defecation score. Secondary outcome measures were Patient Assessment of Constipation-Quality of Life questionnaire, time of toileting, and maximum anal pressure during straining to evacuate. No significant differences were present between both groups regarding different outcome measures in the pretreatment and post-treatment assessments. Successful outcome was reported in 81% of patients in biofeedback pelvic floor muscle training group in comparison to 40% of patients in the posterior tibial nerve electrostimulation group according to the Modified obstructed defecation score which was the primary outcome measure.
Conclusions
Both biofeedback pelvic floor muscle training and posterior tibial nerve electrostimulation are considered effective methods in the treatment of functional obstructed defecation. However, biofeedback pelvic floor muscle training seems to be more effective and superior in comparison to posterior tibial nerve electrostimulation. Posterior tibial nerve electrostimulation could be combined with biofeedback pelvic floor muscle training or considered as a second line therapy after failure of biofeedback pelvic floor muscle training.
Trial registration
Pan African Clinical Trials Registry, PACTR202009762113535. Registered 2 September 2020—retrospectively registered, https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=12321.
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Chen A, Zhu J, Lin Q, Liu W. A Comparative Study of Forehead Temperature and Core Body Temperature under Varying Ambient Temperature Conditions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15883. [PMID: 36497956 PMCID: PMC9740153 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED When the ambient temperature, in which a person is situated, fluctuates, the body's surface temperature will alter proportionally. However, the body's core temperature will remain relatively steady. Consequently, using body surface temperature to characterize the core body temperature of the human body in varied situations is still highly inaccurate. This research aims to investigate and establish the link between human body surface temperature and core body temperature in a variety of ambient conditions, as well as the associated conversion curves. METHODS Plan an experiment to measure temperature over a thousand times in order to get the corresponding data for human forehead, axillary, and oral temperatures at varying ambient temperatures (14-32 °C). Utilize the axillary and oral temperatures as the core body temperature standards or the control group to investigate the new approach's accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for detecting fever/non-fever conditions and the forehead temperature as the experimental group. Analyze the statistical connection, data correlation, and agreement between the forehead temperature and the core body temperature. RESULTS A total of 1080 tests measuring body temperature were conducted on healthy adults. The average axillary temperature was (36.7 ± 0.41) °C, the average oral temperature was (36.7 ± 0.33) °C, and the average forehead temperature was (36.2 ± 0.30) °C as a result of the shift in ambient temperature. The forehead temperature was 0.5 °C lower than the average of the axillary and oral temperatures. The Pearson correlation coefficient between axillary and oral temperatures was 0.41 (95% CI, 0.28-0.52), between axillary and forehead temperatures was 0.07 (95% CI, -0.07-0.22), and between oral and forehead temperatures was 0.26 (95% CI, 0.11-0.39). The mean differences between the axillary temperature and the oral temperature, the oral temperature and the forehead temperature, and the axillary temperature and the forehead temperature were -0.08 °C, 0.49 °C, and 0.42 °C, respectively, according to a Bland-Altman analysis. Finally, the regression analysis revealed that there was a linear association between the axillary temperature and the forehead temperature, as well as the oral temperature and the forehead temperature due to the change in ambient temperature. CONCLUSION The changes in ambient temperature have a substantial impact on the temperature of the forehead. There are significant differences between the forehead and axillary temperatures, as well as the forehead and oral temperatures, when the ambient temperature is low. As the ambient temperature rises, the forehead temperature tends to progressively converge with the axillary and oral temperatures. In clinical or daily applications, it is not advised to utilize the forehead temperature derived from an uncorrected infrared thermometer as the foundation for a body temperature screening in public venues such as hospital outpatient clinics, shopping malls, airports, and train stations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anming Chen
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Biomechanics and Biotechnology Lab, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Jia Zhu
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Biomechanics and Biotechnology Lab, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qunxiong Lin
- Guangdong Public Security Science and Technology Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangdong Provincial Public Security Department, Guangzhou 510050, China
| | - Weiqiang Liu
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Biomechanics and Biotechnology Lab, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Understanding and combating COVID-19 using the biology and chemistry of SARS-CoV-2. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2022; 45:1753-1769. [PMID: 36125525 PMCID: PMC9486761 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-022-02788-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Symptoms of COVID-19 can range from asymptomatic to severe, which could lead to fatality. Like other pathogenic viruses, the infection of SARS-CoV-2 relies on binding its spike glycoprotein to the host receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE 2). Molecular studies suggested that there is a high affinity between the spike glycoprotein and ACE 2 that might arise due to their hydrophobic interaction. This property is mainly responsible for making this virus highly infectious. Apart from this, the transmissibility of the virus, prolonged viability in certain circumstances, and rapid mutations also contributed to the current pandemic situation. Nanotechnology provides potential alternative solutions to combat COVID-19 with the development of i. nanomaterial-based COVID-19 detection technology, ii. nanomaterial-based disinfectants, iii. nanoparticle-based vaccines, and iv. nanoparticle-based drug delivery. Hence, this review provides diverse insight into understanding COVID-19.
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Factors Associated with Poor Treatment Outcome among Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in South Central, Ethiopia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:4551132. [PMID: 35252447 PMCID: PMC8890875 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4551132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Deaths due to COVID-19 are common among the elderly, especially among individuals with underlying illnesses. The pandemic of the COVID-19 impaired the mental, psychological, and physical well-being of people admitted to hospitals. Furthermore, in underdeveloped countries, scarcity of medical equipment was a challenge to manage cases in public health facilities. Thus, understanding the epidemiology and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients who are receiving treatment is critical for developing effective treatments and assessing service quality. Therefore, this study is aimed at assessing the treatment outcomes and associated factors among patients affected by the COVID-19 virus. Method We used an institutional-based retrospective cross-sectional analysis of 398 patients discharged in South Central, Ethiopia, between June 1, 2020, and July 5, 2021. Data were extracted using the data abstraction format. Data were entered, coded, and analyzed using the STATA 16 software. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the factors associated with poor treatment outcomes. A 95% confidence interval with adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and p value less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Result In our study, the proportion of poor treatment outcomes was 61 (15.3%). Chronic pulmonary disease (AOR = 5.62; 95% CI: 2.49–12.70), asthma (AOR = 2.8; 95% CI: 1.17–6.67), chronic kidney disease (AOR = 4.81; 95% CI: 1.27–18.22),diabetic mellitus (AOR = 2.27; 95% CI: 1.02–5.09), HIV positive (AOR = 10.44; 95% CI: 3.0–36.35), worsening conditions (AOR = 3.73, 95% CI: 1.17–11.95), and age 55 and above years (AOR = 4.35, 95% CI: 1.30–14.60) were statistically associated with poor treatment outcomes. Conclusion We found a significant number of patients had favourable treatment. Moreover, aging, having complicated situations at admission, and chronic illnesses such as COPD, CKD, asthma, diabetic mellitus, and HIV/AIDS participants were significantly associated with poor treatment outcomes. Therefore, critical follow–up and management of patients with underlying diseases and worsening health conditions during admission is required.
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Zandi M, Soltani S, Fani M, Abbasi S, Ebrahimi S, Ramezani A. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and respiratory syncytial virus coinfection in children. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2021; 12:286-292. [PMID: 34719220 PMCID: PMC8561020 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has infected many people around the world. Children are considered an important target group for SARS-CoV-2, as well as other viral infections such as respiratory syncytial virus infection. Both SARS-CoV-2 and respiratory syncytial virus can affect the respiratory tract. Coinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and respiratory syncytial virus can pose significant challenges in terms of diagnosis and treatment in children. This review compares the symptoms, diagnostic methods, and treatment of COVID-19 and respiratory syncytial virus infection in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Zandi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saber Soltani
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Fani
- Department of Pathobiology and Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Samaneh Abbasi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Ebrahimi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Ramezani
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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