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Mayr A, Ciper N, Wahl G, Wildenhof J, Frede S, Kirschneck C, Jäger A, Götz W, Beisel-Memmert S. Longitudinal analysis of microcirculatory parameters in gingival tissues after tooth extraction in patients with different risk profiles for wound healing disorders - a pilot study. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:303. [PMID: 38714559 PMCID: PMC11076346 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05686-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to establish a risk profile for intraoral wound healing disorders based on measurements of microcirculation in gingival tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS Oxygen saturation (SO2) and blood flow in gingival tissues were measured with tissue spectrometry and laser doppler spectroscopy in 37 patients before/after tooth extractions. Patients were assigned to four groups: anamnestically and periodontally healthy patients (n = 7), anamnestically healthy but suffering from periodontitis (n = 10), anamnestically healthy but smoking and suffering from periodontitis (n = 10) and suffering from diabetes and periodontitis (n = 10). Measurements were performed at three different time points: Baseline measurement (T0), one day post extractionem (p.e.) (T1) and seven days p.e. (T2). RESULTS Baseline SO2 values were higher in control patients (p = .038). This effect was most evident in comparison to smokers suffering from periodontitis (p = .042), followed by diabetics suffering from periodontitis (p = .09). An opposite trend was seen for blood flow. Patients suffering from periodontitis demonstrated higher blood flow values (p = .012). Five patients, which belonged to the group of smokers suffering from periodontitis, showed clinically a delayed wound healing. CONCLUSION Differences in SO2 and blood flow of gingival tissue could be detected in different groups of patients with existing periodontitis compared to control patients. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Lower baseline SO2 values could be a warning signal for possible wound healing disorders after oral surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Mayr
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nadja Ciper
- Center for Dental, Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wahl
- Center for Dental, Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan Wildenhof
- Private Clinic Schloss Schellenstein, Olsberg, Germany
| | - Stilla Frede
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Kirschneck
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Jäger
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany
| | - Werner Götz
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany
| | - Svenja Beisel-Memmert
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany.
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Zalewska EA, Ławicka R, Grygorczuk P, Nowosielska M, Kicman A, Ławicki S. Importance of Metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8) in the Diagnosis of Periodontitis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2721. [PMID: 38473967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a complex condition. Left untreated, it leads to tooth loss and the need for prosthetic treatment. The incidence of periodontitis is steadily increasing, so new methods are being sought to aid in the diagnosis of the disease. Among the methods postulated is the determination of concentrations of bioactive compounds which include extracellular matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). These enzymes are present in various structural elements of the stomatognathic system. The most promising enzyme of this group appears to be metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8). MMP-8 assays are performed in gingival fluid or saliva, and MMP-8 levels have been shown to be higher in patients with periodontitis compared to healthy subjects and correlated with some clinical parameters of the condition and the severity of the disease. In addition, the preliminary usefulness of this enzyme in evaluating the effectiveness of periodontal treatment and doxycycline therapy has been demonstrated. Determination of the active form of MMP-8 (aMMP-8) in oral rinse fluid using off-the-shelf assays shows the highest potential. Despite reports about aMMP-8 and promising data on the role of MMP-8 in periodontal diagnosis, a clear determination of the usefulness of this enzyme requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renata Ławicka
- The "Karedent" Dental Clinic, Bukowskiego 1/u3, 15-006 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Grygorczuk
- The "Karedent" Dental Clinic, Bukowskiego 1/u3, 15-006 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Magdalena Nowosielska
- Department of Gerostomatology, Medical University of Białystok, Akademicka 3, 15-267 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kicman
- Department of Aesthetic Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Akademicka 3, 15-267 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Sławomir Ławicki
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Białystok, Waszyngtona 13a, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
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Rashid ME, Alam MK, Akhter K, Abdelghani A, Babkair HA, Sghaireen MG. Assessing the Impact of Smoking Cessation Interventions on Periodontal Health and Gingival Inflammation in Smokers with Periodontitis. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2024; 16:S742-S744. [PMID: 38595419 PMCID: PMC11001143 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_987_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Smoking is a well-established risk factor for periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the oral cavity. While smoking cessation has been linked to improved overall health, its specific impact on periodontal health and gingival inflammation in individuals with periodontitis remains less explored. Materials and Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study involving 200 smokers diagnosed with periodontitis. Participants were divided into two groups: Group A received comprehensive smoking cessation interventions, including counseling and pharmacotherapy, while group B continued smoking without intervention. Periodontal health was assessed through clinical parameters, including probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL), at baseline and 6 months post intervention. Gingival inflammation was evaluated using the Gingival Index (GI). Results After 6 months, group A exhibited a significant reduction in mean PD (from 4.5 mm to 3.2 mm) and CAL (from 5.0 mm to 3.5 mm) compared to group B. Conversely, group B showed no significant change in these parameters. The GI score significantly decreased in group A (from 2.8 to 1.2) but remained unchanged in group B. Furthermore, group A demonstrated a higher rate of smoking cessation (72%) compared to group B (14%). Conclusion Smoking cessation interventions play a crucial role in improving periodontal health and reducing gingival inflammation in smokers with periodontitis. The observed reductions in PD, CAL, and gingival inflammation highlight the potential benefits of smoking cessation on oral health outcomes in this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed E. Rashid
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad K. Alam
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Dental Research Cell, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Khaleda Akhter
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Pathology, Pioneer Dental College and Hospital, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abedalla Abdelghani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamzah A. Babkair
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed G. Sghaireen
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Abduljalil SMA, Hashim NT, Rahman MM, Chaitanya NC, Mukhtar MM, Gismalla BG. Soluble Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Ligand and Osteoprotegerin Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid among Cigarette Smokers and Non-smokers with and without Periodontitis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2023; 24:771-778. [PMID: 38152910 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to measure and compare the levels of soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), as well as their ratio, in smokers and nonsmokers with periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected using PerioPaper strips, from 150 individuals, who were categorized into three groups: current smokers with periodontitis stage III grades C and B (n = 50), nonsmokers with periodontitis stages I and II grade A (n = 50), and control healthy individuals (n = 50). The concentrations (pg/mL) of sRANKL and OPG in the GCF were measured by enzyme-linked immunesorbent assays (ELISA). RESULT The smokers' group exhibited the highest sRANKL (pg/mL) concentration as a subsequent lead to a higher sRANKL/OPG ratio. The healthy control group exhibited higher OPG and lower sRANKL concentration, subsequently, the sRANKL/OPG ratio was reduced compared with the other study groups. However, there was no statistical significance of sRANKL and its relative ratio between periodontitis stage III grades C and B, periodontitis stages I and II grade A, and healthy control individuals. There was a statistically significant positive moderate correlation between smoking duration (years) and the sRANKL (pg/mL) concentration and a statistically significant negative moderate correlation between OPG (pg/mL) concentration and cigarettes smoked per day. CONCLUSION As a result, compared to the other research groups, smokers with periodontitis stage III grades C and B had greater GCF concentrations of sRANKL, lower OPG, and a higher sRANKL/OPG ratio. The difference in OPG (pg/mL) level was statistically significant. However, there was no statistically significant difference in sRANKL (pg/mL) or its relative ratio, sRANKL/OPG, across the groups. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE A characteristic that sets periodontitis apart is alveolar bone loss. Resorption is induced by RANKL and inhibited by OPG, resulting in a relative ratio. In light of this, the levels of RANKL and OPG may be helpful indicators for monitoring the activity of periodontal disease in both smokers and nonsmokers with and without periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nada Tawfig Hashim
- Department of Periodontics, RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates, Phone: +971 585267057, e-mail:
| | - Muhammed Mustahsen Rahman
- Department of Periodontics, RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nallan Csk Chaitanya
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE
| | - Moawia Mohamed Mukhtar
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Bakri Gobara Gismalla
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
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Chen SH, Chen JF, Hung YT, Hsu TJ, Chiu CC, Kuo SJ. Exploring the Relationship between Periodontitis, Anti-Periodontitis Therapy, and Extra-Oral Cancer Risk: Findings from a Nationwide Population-Based Study. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1949. [PMID: 37509588 PMCID: PMC10377021 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the systemic impact of periodontitis, previously considered a local disease, on cancer occurrence. We enrolled 683,854 participants, comparing cancer incidence among those with and without periodontitis and assessing the impact of periodontal treatment on cancer risk. Regardless of gender, age, Charlson comorbidity index, or the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, periodontitis patients had a lower overall cancer risk than controls. However, men with periodontitis had a higher risk of prostate cancer (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.22; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.10-1.35), and both men and women had a higher risk of thyroid cancer (women: aHR = 1.20, 95%CI = 1.04-1.38; men: aHR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.15-1.99). Patients with periodontitis who received treatment showed a reduced cancer risk (aHR = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.38-0.44) compared to untreated patients. Proper treatment for periodontitis may lower an individual's cancer risk more than if they did not have the disease at all, suggesting that periodontitis is a modifiable risk factor for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hsiung Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Feng Chen
- Department of Education, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tung Hung
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ju Hsu
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chih Chiu
- Department of Education, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Jui Kuo
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
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The Bidirectional Relationship between Periodontal Disease and Diabetes Mellitus-A Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13040681. [PMID: 36832168 PMCID: PMC9954907 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13040681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by the presence of a bacterial biofilm known as dental plaque. This biofilm affects the supporting apparatus of the teeth, especially the periodontal ligaments and the bone surrounding the teeth. Periodontal disease and diabetes seem to be interrelated and in a bidirectional relationship, and have been increasingly studied in recent decades. For example, diabetes mellitus has a detrimental effect on periodontal disease, increasing its prevalence, extent, and severity. In turn, periodontitis negatively affects glycemic control and the course of diabetes. This review aims to present the most recently discovered factors that contribute to the pathogenesis, therapy, and prophylaxis of these two diseases. Specifically, the article focuses on microvascular complications, oral microbiota, pro- and anti-inflammatory factors in diabetes, and periodontal disease. As presented in this review, these two diseases require specific/ complementary therapeutic solutions when they occur in association, with new clinical trials and epidemiological research being necessary for better control of this interdependent pathogenic topic.
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7
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Sterling J, Policastro C, Elyaguov J, Simhan J, Nikolavsky D. How and why tobacco use affects reconstructive surgical practice: a contemporary narrative review. Transl Androl Urol 2023; 12:112-127. [PMID: 36760864 PMCID: PMC9906109 DOI: 10.21037/tau-22-427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective The overall negative impact of tobacco use on an individual's health has been well documented but the literature on tobacco's impact on post-surgical outcomes, specifically the outcomes after urologic surgery, is not as clear cut. The aim of this narrative review is to provide urologists with the information needed to have a nuanced pre-operative counseling conversation with patients about tobacco use. Here we combine publications on the histologic and physiologic changes induced by nicotine and tobacco use with publications from the wider surgical literature on post-operative outcomes in tobacco users. Methods A literature search of PubMed, Google Scholar and Medline was performed using iterations of the following terms: tobacco, nicotine, changes, physiologic, histology, post-operative, and surgical. Non-English publications and abstracts were excluded. Inclusion required agreement from all authors and preference was given to human specimens over animal models for the basic science manuscripts and large database and meta-analyses over single institution experiences. Key Content and Findings Tobacco use results in measurable changes in nearly every organ system in the body. While smokers have increased wound complications, there is no evidence that reconstructive surgery using grafts or flaps fail more frequently in tobacco users. Smokers have an increased risk of respiratory complications following endotracheal intubation. Conclusions Surgeries should not be canceled due to a patient's inability to cease tobacco use. Urologists and patients should engage in joint decision making regarding the timing and pursuit of elective operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Sterling
- SUNY Upstate Medical University, Department of Urology, Syracuse, NY, USA;,Yale School of Medicine, Department of Urology, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Connor Policastro
- SUNY Upstate Medical University, Department of Urology, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Jason Elyaguov
- SUNY Upstate Medical University, Department of Urology, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Jay Simhan
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Division of Urologic Oncology and Urology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dmitriy Nikolavsky
- SUNY Upstate Medical University, Department of Urology, Syracuse, NY, USA
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8
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Gajendra S, McIntosh S, Ghosh S. Effects of tobacco product use on oral health and the role of oral healthcare providers in cessation: A narrative review. Tob Induc Dis 2023; 21:12. [PMID: 36741542 PMCID: PMC9875717 DOI: 10.18332/tid/157203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco use has detrimental effects on health, including oral health. The emergence and increasing popularity of newer tobacco and nicotine products make tobacco use one of the major public health problems in the world. Tobacco use increases the risk of oral diseases such as oral cancer, oral mucosal lesions, periodontal disease, and dental caries, among many other oral diseases and conditions. The dental office is an excellent venue for providing cessation intervention. However, there is a lack of knowledge and training in tobacco use prevention among dental professionals. More efforts are needed for smoking cessation interventions in the dental office. Smoking cessation interventions provided by oral healthcare providers include brief educational, behavioral, and pharmacological interventions. This review provides an overview of the ill effects of tobacco use on oral health and the role of oral healthcare providers in managing and preventing tobacco dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Gajendra
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, United States
| | - Scott McIntosh
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, United States
| | - Sucharu Ghosh
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, United States
- Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, United States
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9
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Lee YH, Suk C, Shin SI, Hong JY. Salivary cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone, and chromogranin A levels in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis and a novel biomarker for psychological stress. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1147739. [PMID: 37113482 PMCID: PMC10126469 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1147739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to investigate the neuroendocrine responses based on cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), cortisol/DHEA ratio, and chromogranin A levels, which reflect the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, according to the presence or absence of psychological stress in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis compared to that in healthy controls. Methods In total, 117 patients (60 women, mean age: 36.29 ± 19.03 years) participated in this case-control study, comprising 32 healthy controls, 49 patients with gingivitis, and 36 patients with periodontitis. We investigated the presence of psychological stress and salivary characteristics, and analyzed the stress-related biomarkers of cortisol, DHEA, cortisol/DHEA ratio, and chromogranin A in the stimulated saliva. Results Salivary cortisol and chromogranin A levels increased with the severity of periodontal disease; their levels were the highest in the periodontitis group and were significantly higher in the following descending order: periodontitis, gingivitis, and healthy control groups (all values of p < 0.001). Additionally, the DHEA levels and cortisol/DHEA ratio were higher in the periodontitis group than those in the healthy control group (all values of p < 0.001). A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the factors predicting above-average cortisol levels were periodontitis (odds ratio [OR] = 256.829; p < 0.001), women (OR = 6.365; p = 0.004), and psychological stress (OR = 6.036; p = 0.007); those predicting above-average cortisol/DHEA ratios were periodontitis (OR = 11.436; p < 0.001), psychological stress (OR = 3.977; p = 0.003), and women (OR = 2.890; p = 0.026). Thus, periodontitis and psychological stress were significant and strong predictors of above-average cortisol levels and cortisol/DHEA ratios. In the gingivitis group, salivary cortisol levels (r = 0.381, p = 0.007) and cortisol/DHEA ratios (r = 0.479, p < 0.001) were correlated with the presence of psychological stress. In the periodontitis group, increased cortisol/DHEA ratios (r = 0.412, p = 0.013) and lowered salivary buffer capacities (r = -0.334, p = 0.047) were correlated with the presence of psychological stress. Conclusion Periodontitis is a multifactorial disease resulting in inflammatory tissue destruction, which differs from gingivitis and a healthy state. Differences in stress-related neuroendocrine markers were revealed based on the severity of periodontal disease. The biomarkers that could be classified according to disease severity were salivary cortisol and chromogranin A levels. Above-average cortisol levels and cortisol/DHEA ratios are significant predictors of psychological stress in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Hee Lee
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine, Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Yeon-Hee Lee,
| | - Chon Suk
- Department of Endocrinology, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Il Shin
- Department of Periodontology, Periodontal-Implant Clinical Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Youn Hong
- Department of Periodontology, Periodontal-Implant Clinical Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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10
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Farronato D, Azzi L, Giboli L, Maurino V, Tartaglia GM, Farronato M. Impact of Smoking Habit on Peri-Implant Indicators following Different Therapies: A Systematic Review. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9100569. [PMID: 36290537 PMCID: PMC9598905 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9100569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peri-implant disease and its treatment is becoming a major concern for clinicians as the number of implants placed each year is rising. Smoking is a common habit, and it is associated with an increased risk of developing peri-implant disease. The role of smoking in the response to peri-implant treatment has never been investigated. Searches were conducted in electronic databases to screen articles published until August 2021. The included studies had at least two groups of patients: peri-implant disease only or peri-implant disease and smoking status. Outcomes of interest included plaque index (PI), probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BoP), radiographic crestal bone loss (CBL), and analysis of peri-implant sulcular fluid. Seven hundred and forty-nine articles were found in the databases, only 71 articles potentially qualified. A total of seven studies with a minimum follow-up of six months were included. There is no homogeneity in the diagnosis, smoker definition and treatment proposed. All surgical and non-surgical treatment have statistically significantly different outcomes in smokers and nonsmokers. Recognizing this study’s limitations, we conclude that smoking might play a significant role on the outcome of peri-implant disease treatment. None of the proposed treatments appear to be significantly more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Farronato
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Azzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Luca Giboli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Vittorio Maurino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Gianluca Martino Tartaglia
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy
- UOC Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Dentistry Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Farronato
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy
- UOC Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Dentistry Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
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11
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Ahmed YM, Orfali R, Abdelwahab NS, Hassan HM, Rateb ME, AboulMagd AM. Partial Synthetic PPARƳ Derivative Ameliorates Aorta Injury in Experimental Diabetic Rats Mediated by Activation of miR-126-5p Pi3k/AKT/PDK 1/mTOR Expression. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101175. [PMID: 36297290 PMCID: PMC9607084 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a world wild health care issue marked by insulin resistance, a risk factor for the metabolic disorder that exaggerates endothelial dysfunction, increasing the risk of cardiovascular complications. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor PPAR) agonists have therapeutically mitigated hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia in T2D patients. Therefore, we aimed to experimentally investigate the efficacy of newly designed synthetic PPARα/Ƴ partial agonists on a High-Fat Diet (HFD)/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T2D. Female Wistar rats (200 ± 25 g body weight) were divided into four groups. The experimental groups were fed the HFD for three consecutive weeks before STZ injection (45 mg/kg/i.p) to induce T2D. Standard reference PPARƳ agonist pioglitazone and the partial synthetic PPARƳ (PIO; 20 mg/kg/BW, orally) were administered orally for 2 weeks after 72 h of STZ injection. The aorta tissue was isolated for biological ELISA, qRT-PCR, and Western blotting investigations for vascular inflammatory endothelial mediators endothelin-1 (ET-1), intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), E-selectin, and anti-inflammatory vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), as well as microRNA126-5p and p-AKT/p-Pi3k/p-PDK-1/p-mTOR, endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) immunohistochemical staining all are coupled with and histopathological examination. Our results revealed that HFD/STZ-induced T2D increased fasting blood glucose, ET-1, ICAM-1, E-selectin, and VIP levels, while decreasing the expression of both microRNA126-5p and p-AKT/p-Pi3k/p-PDK-1/p-mTOR phosphorylation. In contrast, the partial synthetic PPARƳ derivative evidenced a vascular alteration significantly more than reference PIO via decreasing (ET-1), ICAM-1, E-selectin, and VIP, along with increased expression of microRNA126-5p and p-AKT/p-Pi3k/p-PDK-1/p-mTOR. In conclusion, the partial synthetic PPARƳ derivative significantly affected HFD/STZ-induced T2D with vascular complications in the rat aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin M. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt
| | - Raha Orfali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (R.O.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Nada S. Abdelwahab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt
| | - Hossam M. Hassan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt
| | - Mostafa E. Rateb
- School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK
| | - Asmaa M. AboulMagd
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt
- Correspondence: (R.O.); (A.M.A.)
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Guellil M, van Dorp L, Inskip SA, Dittmar JM, Saag L, Tambets K, Hui R, Rose A, D’Atanasio E, Kriiska A, Varul L, Koekkelkoren AMHC, Goldina RD, Cessford C, Solnik A, Metspalu M, Krause J, Herbig A, Robb JE, Houldcroft CJ, Scheib CL. Ancient herpes simplex 1 genomes reveal recent viral structure in Eurasia. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo4435. [PMID: 35895820 PMCID: PMC9328674 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo4435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Human herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), a life-long infection spread by oral contact, infects a majority of adults globally. Phylogeographic clustering of sampled diversity into European, pan-Eurasian, and African groups has suggested the virus codiverged with human migrations out of Africa, although a much younger origin has also been proposed. We present three full ancient European HSV-1 genomes and one partial genome, dating from the 3rd to 17th century CE, sequenced to up to 9.5× with paired human genomes up to 10.16×. Considering a dataset of modern and ancient genomes, we apply phylogenetic methods to estimate the age of sampled modern Eurasian HSV-1 diversity to 4.68 (3.87 to 5.65) ka. Extrapolation of estimated rates to a global dataset points to the age of extant sampled HSV-1 as 5.29 (4.60 to 6.12) ka, suggesting HSV-1 lineage replacement coinciding with the late Neolithic period and following Bronze Age migrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriam Guellil
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23B, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Lucy van Dorp
- UCL Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Evolution, and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Sarah A. Inskip
- McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Jenna M. Dittmar
- McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Archaeology, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - Lehti Saag
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23B, Tartu 51010, Estonia
- UCL Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Evolution, and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Kristiina Tambets
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23B, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Ruoyun Hui
- McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Alan Turing Institute, 2QR, John Dodson House, 96 Euston Rd., London NW1 2DB, UK
| | - Alice Rose
- McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Aivar Kriiska
- Department of Archaeology, Institute of History and Archaeology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Liivi Varul
- Archaeological Research Collection, School of Humanities, Tallinn University, Tallinn 10130, Estonia
| | | | - Rimma D. Goldina
- Department History of Udmurtia, Archaeology and Ethnology, Udmurt State University, 1, Universitetskaya St. 1, 426034 Izhevsk, Russia
| | - Craig Cessford
- Cambridge Archaeological Unit, Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anu Solnik
- Core Facility, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23B, Tartu 51010 Estonia
| | - Mait Metspalu
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23B, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Johannes Krause
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Herbig
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - John E. Robb
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Christiana L. Scheib
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23B, Tartu 51010, Estonia
- St. John’s College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1TP, UK
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Barutta F, Bellini S, Durazzo M, Gruden G. Novel Insight into the Mechanisms of the Bidirectional Relationship between Diabetes and Periodontitis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010178. [PMID: 35052857 PMCID: PMC8774037 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis and diabetes are two major global health problems despite their prevalence being significantly underreported and underestimated. Both epidemiological and intervention studies show a bidirectional relationship between periodontitis and diabetes. The hypothesis of a potential causal link between the two diseases is corroborated by recent studies in experimental animals that identified mechanisms whereby periodontitis and diabetes can adversely affect each other. Herein, we will review clinical data on the existence of a two-way relationship between periodontitis and diabetes and discuss possible mechanistic interactions in both directions, focusing in particular on new data highlighting the importance of the host response. Moreover, we will address the hypothesis that trained immunity may represent the unifying mechanism explaining the intertwined association between diabetes and periodontitis. Achieving a better mechanistic insight on clustering of infectious, inflammatory, and metabolic diseases may provide new therapeutic options to reduce the risk of diabetes and diabetes-associated comorbidities.
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Kifle ZD, Alehegn AA, Adugna M, Bayleyegn B. Prevalence and predictors of dyslipidemia among hypertensive patients in Lumame Primary Hospital, Amhara, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. Metabol Open 2021; 11:100108. [PMID: 34355158 PMCID: PMC8319795 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2021.100108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum lipid profile abnormalities are major predictors for coronary artery diseases. The relationship between demographic factors and dyslipidemia in Ethiopia is not completely explored. Thus, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and predictors of dyslipidemia among hypertensive patients in Lumame Primary Hospital. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted from June to August 30, 2020, on the hypertensive patients in Lumame Primary Hospital. All adult hypertensive patients who visited the adult hypertensive care services during the study period were included. Interview-guided self-administered questionnaire and a chart review were used for data collection. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 24.0 was used for data analysis. RESULTS Out of 372 hypertensive patients, 190(51.1%) were females and the mean age of the study participants was 43.56 years (SD ± 4.31). The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia in this study was 48.4%. Besides the overall prevalence, the prevalence of TC, TG, LDL-c, and HDL-c was 73(19.6%), 91(24.5%), 60(16.1%), and 115(30.9%), respectively. Females were at higher risk for having high levels of TC (AOR = 2.31, 95% CI = 1.54-3.13), TG (AOR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.34-3.79), LDL-c (AOR = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.56-2.86), and HDL-c (AOR = 2.67, 95% CI = 1.44-5.67) than males. Respondents who were from urban were at higher risk for having high levels of TC (AOR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.04-6.83), TG (AOR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.09-2.86), LDL-c (AOR = 3.01, 95% CI = 1.45-7.43), and HDL-c (AOR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.94-4.55) than respondents who were from rural. Similarly, obese respondents were at higher risk for having high levels of TC (AOR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.64-2.00), TG (AOR = 3.78, 95% CI = 1.06-6.42), LDL-c (AOR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.66-2.12), and HDL-c (AOR = 4.23, 95% CI = 2.84-4.32) than to respondents who were underweight. CONCLUSION The prevalence of dyslipidemia among hypertensive patients was high. Independent variables such as age, gender, residence, family history of HTN, smoking, alcohol drinking, fruit diet habits, physical activity, DM, and BMI were significant determinants of dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zemene Demelash Kifle
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | | | - Meaza Adugna
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Biruk Bayleyegn
- Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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