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Dehbi I, Achemrk O, Ezzouggari R, El Jarroudi M, Mokrini F, Legrifi I, Belabess Z, Laasli SE, Mazouz H, Lahlali R. Beneficial Microorganisms as Bioprotectants against Foliar Diseases of Cereals: A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:4162. [PMID: 38140489 PMCID: PMC10747484 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Cereal production plays a major role in both animal and human diets throughout the world. However, cereal crops are vulnerable to attacks by fungal pathogens on the foliage, disrupting their biological cycle and photosynthesis, which can reduce yields by 15-20% or even 60%. Consumers are concerned about the excessive use of synthetic pesticides given their harmful effects on human health and the environment. As a result, the search for alternative solutions to protect crops has attracted the interest of scientists around the world. Among these solutions, biological control using beneficial microorganisms has taken on considerable importance, and several biological control agents (BCAs) have been studied, including species belonging to the genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Streptomyces, Trichoderma, Cladosporium, and Epicoccum, most of which include plants of growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs). Bacillus has proved to be a broad-spectrum agent against these leaf cereal diseases. Interaction between plant and beneficial agents occurs as direct mycoparasitism or hyperparasitism by a mixed pathway via the secretion of lytic enzymes, growth enzymes, and antibiotics, or by an indirect interaction involving competition for nutrients or space and the induction of host resistance (systemic acquired resistance (SAR) or induced systemic resistance (ISR) pathway). We mainly demonstrate the role of BCAs in the defense against fungal diseases of cereal leaves. To enhance a solution-based crop protection approach, it is also important to understand the mechanism of action of BCAs/molecules/plants. Research in the field of preventing cereal diseases is still ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilham Dehbi
- Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole National of Agriculture Meknes, Km10, Rte Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, Meknes 50001, Morocco; (I.D.); (O.A.); (R.E.); (I.L.); (S.-E.L.)
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, BP 11201, Zitoune, Meknes 50000, Morocco;
| | - Oussama Achemrk
- Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole National of Agriculture Meknes, Km10, Rte Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, Meknes 50001, Morocco; (I.D.); (O.A.); (R.E.); (I.L.); (S.-E.L.)
| | - Rachid Ezzouggari
- Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole National of Agriculture Meknes, Km10, Rte Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, Meknes 50001, Morocco; (I.D.); (O.A.); (R.E.); (I.L.); (S.-E.L.)
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Conservation, and Valorization of Natural Resources (LBCVNR), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Moussa El Jarroudi
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Management, SPHERES Research Unit, University of Liège, 6700 Arlon, Belgium;
| | - Fouad Mokrini
- Biotechnology Unit, Regional Center of Agricultural Research, INRA–Morocco, Rabat 10080, Morocco;
| | - Ikram Legrifi
- Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole National of Agriculture Meknes, Km10, Rte Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, Meknes 50001, Morocco; (I.D.); (O.A.); (R.E.); (I.L.); (S.-E.L.)
| | - Zineb Belabess
- Plant Protection Laboratory, Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Meknes, National Institute of Agricultural Research, Km 13, Route Haj Kaddour, BP 578, Meknes 50001, Morocco;
| | - Salah-Eddine Laasli
- Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole National of Agriculture Meknes, Km10, Rte Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, Meknes 50001, Morocco; (I.D.); (O.A.); (R.E.); (I.L.); (S.-E.L.)
| | - Hamid Mazouz
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, BP 11201, Zitoune, Meknes 50000, Morocco;
| | - Rachid Lahlali
- Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole National of Agriculture Meknes, Km10, Rte Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, Meknes 50001, Morocco; (I.D.); (O.A.); (R.E.); (I.L.); (S.-E.L.)
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Cao G, Li X, Zhang C, Xiong Y, Li X, Li T, He S, Cui Z, Yu J. Physiological response mechanism of heavy metal-resistant endophytic fungi isolated from the roots of Polygonatum kingianum. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2023; 15:568-581. [PMID: 37604512 PMCID: PMC10667662 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the tolerance of endophytic fungi isolated from the fibrous roots of Polygonatum kingianum to arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) and their physiological response mechanisms. Five isolated strains were obtained with EC50 values for As(V) ranging from 421 to 1281 mg/L, while the other three strains tolerated Cd(II) with an EC50 range of 407-1112 mg/L. Morphological and molecular identification indicated that these eight strains were Cladosporium spp. belonging to dark septate endophytes (DSEs). The contents of metal ions in mycelium sharply increased, reaching 38.87 mg/kg for strain MZ-11 under As(V) stress and 0.33 mg/kg for fungus PR-2 under Cd(II). The physiological response revealed that the biomass decreased with increasing concentrations of As(V) or Cd(II), and the activity of superoxide dismutase significantly improved under the corresponding EC50 -concentration As/Cd of the strains, as well as the contents of antioxidant substances, including metallothionein, glutathione, malondialdehyde, melanin, and proline. Taken together, the filamentous fungi of Cladosporium spp. accounted for a high proportion of fungi isolated from the fibrous roots of P. kingianum and had a strong capacity to tolerate As(V) or Cd(II) stress by improving antioxidase activities and the content of antioxidant substances, and immobilization of metal ions in hyphae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan‐Hua Cao
- School of Chinese Materia MedicaYunnan University of Chinese MedicineKunmingChina
| | - Xiao‐Gang Li
- School of Chinese Materia MedicaYunnan University of Chinese MedicineKunmingChina
| | - Chen‐Rui Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia MedicaYunnan University of Chinese MedicineKunmingChina
| | - Yi‐Ran Xiong
- School of Chinese Materia MedicaYunnan University of Chinese MedicineKunmingChina
| | - Xue Li
- School of Chinese Materia MedicaYunnan University of Chinese MedicineKunmingChina
| | - Tong Li
- School of Chinese Materia MedicaYunnan University of Chinese MedicineKunmingChina
| | - Sen He
- School of Chinese Materia MedicaYunnan University of Chinese MedicineKunmingChina
- Department of Environmental HealthUniversity of Fukui School of Medical SciencesFukuiJapan
| | - Zheng‐Guo Cui
- Department of Environmental HealthUniversity of Fukui School of Medical SciencesFukuiJapan
| | - Jie Yu
- School of Chinese Materia MedicaYunnan University of Chinese MedicineKunmingChina
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Tyagi K, Kumar P, Pandey A, Ginwal HS, Barthwal S, Nautiyal R, Meena RK. First record of Cladosporium oxysporum as a potential novel fungal hyperparasite of Melampsora medusae f. sp. deltoidae and screening of Populus deltoides clones against leaf rust. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:213. [PMID: 37251733 PMCID: PMC10212908 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03623-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Melampsora medusae f. sp. deltoidae is causing serious foliar rust disease on Populus deltoides clones in India. In the present study, a novel fungal hyperparasite on M. medusae has been reported. The hyperparasitic fungus was isolated from the uredeniospores of the rust fungi and identified as Cladosporium oxysporum by morphological characterization and DNA barcode technique based on the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region of nrDNA and beta-tubulin (TUB) gene region. Hyperparasitism was further confirmed through leaf assay and cavity slide methods. Leaf assay method showed no adverse effect of C. oxysporum on poplar leaves. However, the mean germination percentage of urediniospores was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in the cavity slide method when a conidial suspension (1.5 × 107 conidia per ml) of C. oxysporum was applied in different deposition sequences. Scanning and light microscopic observations were made to explore the mode of action of the hyperparasitism. The antagonistic fungus vividly showed three different types of antagonism mechanisms, including enzymatic, direct, and contact parasitism. Alternatively, by screening 25 high-yielding clones of P. deltoides, five clones (FRI-FS-83, FRI-FS-92, FRI-FS-140, FRI-AM-111, and D-121) were enlisted under highly resistant category. Present study revealed an antagonistic relationship between C. oxysporum and M. medusae, which could be an effective method of biocontrol in field plantations of poplar. Combining this biocontrol approach with the use of resistant host germplasm could be an environment friendly strategy for preventing foliar rust and increasing poplar productivity in northern India. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03623-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Tyagi
- Division of Genetics and Tree Improvement, ICFRE-Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, 248195 Uttarakhand India
| | - Prabal Kumar
- Division of Silviculture and Forest Management, ICFRE-Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, 248006 Uttarakhand India
| | - Amit Pandey
- Division of Forest Protection, ICFRE-Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, 248006 Uttarakhand India
| | - Harish S. Ginwal
- Division of Genetics and Tree Improvement, ICFRE-Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, 248195 Uttarakhand India
| | - Santan Barthwal
- Division of Genetics and Tree Improvement, ICFRE-Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, 248195 Uttarakhand India
| | - Raman Nautiyal
- Division of Forestry Statistics, Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun, 248006 Uttarakhand India
- Present Address: Institute of Green Economy, Gurugram, India
| | - Rajendra K. Meena
- Division of Genetics and Tree Improvement, ICFRE-Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, 248195 Uttarakhand India
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Si B, Wang H, Bai J, Zhang Y, Cao Y. Evaluating the Utility of Simplicillium lanosoniveum, a Hyperparasitic Fungus of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, as a Biological Control Agent against Wheat Stem Rust. Pathogens 2022; 12:pathogens12010022. [PMID: 36678370 PMCID: PMC9862854 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat stem rust is one of the wheat diseases caused by Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici (Pgt). This disease has been responsible for major losses to wheat production worldwide. Currently used methods for controlling this disease include fungicides, the breeding of stem rust-resistant cultivars, and preventive agricultural measures. However, the excessive use of fungicides can have various deleterious effects on the environment. A hyperparasitic fungus with white mycelia and oval conidia, Simplicillium lanosoniveum, was isolated from the urediniospores of Pgt. When Pgt-infected wheat leaves were inoculation with isolates of S. lanosoniveum, it was found that S. lanosoniveum inoculation inhibited the production and germination of urediniospores, suggesting that S. lanosoniveum could inhibit the growth and spread of Pgt. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that S. lanosoniveum could inactivate the urediniospores by inducing structural damage. Overall, findings indicate that S. lanosoniveum might provide an effective biological agent for the control of Pgt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Si
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Jiaming Bai
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yuzhen Zhang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yuanyin Cao
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-136-0400-0358
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Boro M, Sannyasi S, Chettri D, Verma AK. Microorganisms in biological control strategies to manage microbial plant pathogens: a review. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:666. [PMID: 36214917 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03279-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Chemical fertilizers and pesticides are an integral part of modern agriculture and are often associated with numerous environmental problems. Biological agents such as microorganisms can largely replace chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The proper use of selected microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and viruses have several benefits for agriculture. These include a healthy soil microbiota, biological production of important compounds that promote plant health, and to be used as biocontrol agents (BCAs) that provide protection from plant pathogenic microorganisms. Scientists have found that several bacterial genera including Bacillus and Pseudomonas have antimicrobial activity against numerous pathogenic bacterial and fungal plant pathogens. Trichoderma, Aspergillus, and Penicillium are among the most common fungal genera used as BCAs against both bacterial and fungal plant pathogens. Several bacteriophages and mycoviruses are also found effective as BCAs against selective plant pathogens. Fusarium oxysporum is a commonly found microbial plant pathogen causing wilts and rots in plants. Overall, it can be concluded that the use of microbial BCAs is an effective practice against microbial plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manswama Boro
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim University, Gangtok, Sikkim, 737102, India
| | - Shuvankar Sannyasi
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim University, Gangtok, Sikkim, 737102, India
| | - Dixita Chettri
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim University, Gangtok, Sikkim, 737102, India
| | - Anil Kumar Verma
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim University, Gangtok, Sikkim, 737102, India.
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