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Saleh SAA, Mostafa FA, Ahmed SA, Zaki ER, Salama WH, Abdel Wahab WA. Date nawah powder as a promising waste for β-mannanase production from a new isolate Aspergillus niger MSSFW, statistically improving production and enzymatic characterization. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134447. [PMID: 39098698 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
β-Mannanase producing fungus was isolated from coffee powder waste and identified as Aspergillus niger MSSFW (Gen Bank accession number OR668928). Dates nawah powder as industrial and agricultural waste was the most inducer of β-mannanase production. The Plackett-Burman and Central Composite designs were used to improve β-mannanase titer. Optimization studies enhanced the enzyme yield with approximate 13.50-times. β-Mannanase was purified by Sephadex G-150 gel filtration column and the molecular weight was estimated to be 60 kDa by SDS-PAGE. Crude and purified β-mannanase displayed maximum activity at temperature 60 °C and 50 °C, respectively. Crude β-mannanase showed an activation energy value 2.35-times higher than the purified enzyme. Activation energy for thermal denaturation of the purified β-mannanase was 1.08-times higher than that of the crude enzyme. Purified β-mannanase exhibited higher deactivation rate constant (Kd) and lower half-life (t0.5) and decimal reduction time (D-value) compared with the crude enzyme. Thermodynamic parameters of enthalpy, entropy, and free energy values for crude and purified β-mannanase were calculated. Substrate kinetic parameters suggested that the purified β-mannanase had a strong affinity toward locust bean gum by showing 3.44-times lower Km and 1.99-times higher Vmax compared to the crude enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shireen A A Saleh
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Faten A Mostafa
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samia A Ahmed
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Eman R Zaki
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walaa H Salama
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walaa A Abdel Wahab
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Cairo, Egypt
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2
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Basmak S, Turhan I. Production of β-mannanase, inulinase, and oligosaccharides from coffee wastes and extracts. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129798. [PMID: 38286365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to produce enzymes (beta (β)-mannanase using a recombinant Aspergillus sojae AsT3 and inulinase using Aspergillus niger A42) and oligosaccharides (mannooligosaccharides (MOS), fructooligosaccharides (FOS)) using coffee waste, ground coffee, and coffee extract by solid-state fermentation (SSF). Plackett-Burman Design (PBD) was used to create a design for enzyme production with four different parameters (temperature, pH, solid-to-liquid ratio (SLR), and mix with coffee wastes and ground coffee). The highest β-mannanase and inulinase activities were 71.17 and 564.07 U/mg of protein respectively. Statistical analysis showed that the temperature was statistically significant for the production of both enzymes (P < 0.05). The produced enzymes were utilized in French Pressed coffee extracts to produce oligosaccharides. As a result of the enzymatic hydrolyzation, the highest mannobiose, mannotriose, mannotetraose, and total MOS levels were 109.66, 101.11, 391.02, and 600.64 ppm, respectively. For the FOS production, the maximal 1,1,1-kestopentaose was 38.34 ppm. Consequently, this study demonstrates that a recombinant Aspergillus sojae AsT3 β-mannanase and Aspergillus niger A42 inulinase produced from coffee wastes and ground coffee can be used in coffee extracts to increase the amount of oligosaccharides in coffee extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selin Basmak
- Department of Food Engineering, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07058, Turkey
| | - Irfan Turhan
- Department of Food Engineering, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07058, Turkey.
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da Costa DS, Albuquerque TG, Costa HS, Bragotto APA. Thermal Contaminants in Coffee Induced by Roasting: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5586. [PMID: 37107868 PMCID: PMC10138461 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20085586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Roasting is responsible for imparting the main characteristics to coffee, but the high temperatures used in the process can lead to the formation of several potentially toxic substances. Among them, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, acrylamide, furan and its derivative compounds, α-dicarbonyls and advanced glycation end products, 4-methylimidazole, and chloropropanols stand out. The objective of this review is to present a current and comprehensive overview of the chemical contaminants formed during coffee roasting, including a discussion of mitigation strategies reported in the literature to decrease the concentration of these toxicants. Although the formation of the contaminants occurs during the roasting step, knowledge of the coffee production chain as a whole is important to understand the main variables that will impact their concentrations in the different coffee products. The precursors and routes of formation are generally different for each contaminant, and the formed concentrations can be quite high for some substances. In addition, the study highlights several mitigation strategies related to decreasing the concentration of precursors, modifying process conditions and eliminating/degrading the formed contaminant. Many of these strategies show promising results, but there are still challenges to be overcome, since little information is available about advantages and disadvantages in relation to aspects such as costs, potential for application on an industrial scale and impacts on sensory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Silva da Costa
- Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Cidade Universitária, R. Monteiro Lobato 80, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Tânia Gonçalves Albuquerque
- Departamento de Alimentação e Nutrição, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, I.P. Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena Soares Costa
- Departamento de Alimentação e Nutrição, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, I.P. Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Adriana Pavesi Arisseto Bragotto
- Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Cidade Universitária, R. Monteiro Lobato 80, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil
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Ibrahim SNMM, Bankeeree W, Prasongsuk S, Punnapayak H, Lotrakul P. Production and characterization of thermostable acidophilic β-mannanase from Aureobasidium pullulans NRRL 58524 and its potential in mannooligosaccharide production from spent coffee ground galactomannan. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:237. [PMID: 36003897 PMCID: PMC9393121 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03301-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The maximum yield of the crude mannanase from Aureobasidium pullulans NRRL 58524 was 8.42 ± 0.18 U mL-1 when cultured for 72 h in the optimized medium containing 3% (w v-1) defatted spent coffee grounds (SCG) and 0.67% (w v-1) ammonium sulphate. Two forms of mannanase were observed in the crude enzyme and the principal mannanase was enriched to apparent homogeneity via sequential filtration and anion exchange chromatography. The molecular mass of the enzyme was approximately 63 kDa as determined by SDS-PAGE. The enriched mannanase was active at high temperatures (45-75 °C) and a pH range from 3 to 6 with the maximum activity at 55 °C and pH 4.0. The enzyme was relatively thermostable with more than 75% of its initial activity remained after a 12 h incubation at 55 °C. The half-lives of the enriched mannanase were over 8 and 6 h at 60 and 65 °C, respectively. The enzyme was not adversely affected by chelator and most ions tested. This enzyme could hydrolyze both glucomannan and galactomannan and exhibited limited catalytic activity on beta-glucan. When the crude mannanase was used to hydrolyze galactomannan extracted from SCG, the maximum yield of reducing sugars mainly comprising of mannobiose (16.27 ± 0.84 mg 100 mg-1), and mannotriose (2.85 ± 0.20 mg 100 mg-1) was obtained at 58.22 ± 2.04 mg 100 mg-1 dry weight, under optimized condition (84.87 U g-1 mannanase, 41 h 34 min incubation at 55 °C and pH 4.0). These results suggested the prospect of the enzyme in mannan hydrolysis and mannooligosaccharide production at a larger scale. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03301-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syahriar Nur Maulana Malik Ibrahim
- Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
- Plant Biomass Utilization Research Unit, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Wichanee Bankeeree
- Plant Biomass Utilization Research Unit, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Sehanat Prasongsuk
- Plant Biomass Utilization Research Unit, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115 Indonesia
| | - Hunsa Punnapayak
- Plant Biomass Utilization Research Unit, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115 Indonesia
| | - Pongtharin Lotrakul
- Plant Biomass Utilization Research Unit, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
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Yan B, Tao Y, Huang C, Lai C, Yong Q. Using One-pot Fermentation Technology to Prepare Enzyme Cocktail to Sustainably Produce Low Molecular Weight Galactomannans from Sesbania cannabina Seeds. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:3016-3030. [PMID: 35334068 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03891-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic hydrolysis using β-mannanase and α-galactosidase is necessary to produce low molecular weight galactomannan (LMW-GM) from galactomannans (GM) in the leguminous seeds. In this study, different ratios of avicel and melibiose were used as the inductors (carbon sources) for Trichoderma reesei to metabolize the enzyme cocktail containing β-mannanase and α-galactosidase using one-pot fermentation technology. The obtained enzyme cocktail was used to efficiently produce LMW-GM from GM in Sesbania cannabina seeds. Results showed that 15 g/L avicel and 10 g/L melibiose were the best carbon sources to prepare enzyme cocktail containing β-mannanase and α-galactosidase with activities of 3.69 ± 0.27 U/mL and 0.51 ± 0.02 U/mL, respectively. Specifically, melibiose could effectively induce the metabolite product of α-galactosidase by T. reesei, which showed good performance in degrading the galactose substituent from GM backbone. The degradation of galactose alleviated the spatial site-blocking effect for enzymatic hydrolysis by β-mannanase and improved the yield of LMW-GM. This research can lay the foundation for the industrial technology amplification of LMW-GM production for further application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Yan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yuheng Tao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Caoxing Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Chenhuan Lai
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Qiang Yong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
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Hlalukana N, Magengelele M, Malgas S, Pletschke BI. Enzymatic Conversion of Mannan-Rich Plant Waste Biomass into Prebiotic Mannooligosaccharides. Foods 2021; 10:2010. [PMID: 34574120 PMCID: PMC8468410 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing demand in novel food products for well-being and preventative medicine has attracted global attention on nutraceutical prebiotics. Various plant agro-processes produce large amounts of residual biomass considered "wastes", which can potentially be used to produce nutraceutical prebiotics, such as manno-oligosaccharides (MOS). MOS can be produced from the degradation of mannan. Mannan has a main backbone consisting of β-1,4-linked mannose residues (which may be interspersed by glucose residues) with galactose substituents. Endo-β-1,4-mannanases cleave the mannan backbone at cleavage sites determined by the substitution pattern and thus give rise to different MOS products. These MOS products serve as prebiotics to stimulate various types of intestinal bacteria and cause them to produce fermentation products in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract which benefit the host. This article reviews recent advances in understanding the exploitation of plant residual biomass via the enzymatic production and characterization of MOS, and the influence of MOS on beneficial gut microbiota and their biological effects (i.e., immune modulation and lipidemic effects) as observed on human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Samkelo Malgas
- Enzyme Science Programme (ESP), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, Eastern Cape, South Africa; (N.H.); (M.M.); (B.I.P.)
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Bangoria P, Divecha J, Shah AR. Production of mannooligosaccharides producing β-Mannanase by newly isolated Penicillium aculeatum APS1 using oil seed residues under solid state fermentation. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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8
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Cellulases, Hemicellulases, and Pectinases: Applications in the Food and Beverage Industry. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-021-02678-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Sakhuja D, Ghai H, Rathour RK, Kumar P, Bhatt AK, Bhatia RK. Cost-effective production of biocatalysts using inexpensive plant biomass: a review. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:280. [PMID: 34094799 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02847-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes are the complex protein moieties, catalyze the rate of chemical reactions by transforming various substrates to specific products and play an integral part in multiple biochemical cycles. Advancement in enzyme research and its integration with industries have reformed the biotech industries. It provides a superior monetary and ecological exchange to traditional material measures in an efficient and environmentally sustainable manner. The cost-effective production of pure and highly active enzymes is still a challenge for the biocatalyst industries. The use of high purity substrates further raises the cost of a typical biocatalyst. The use of low-cost plant-based biomasses as an enticing and sustainable substrate for enzyme production is the most cost-effective approach to these problems. Given the relevance of biomass as a substrate for enzyme development, this review article focuses on the key source, composition and major enzyme generated using various biomass residues. Furthermore, the difficulties associated with the use of biomass as a substrate and technical developments in this area, are also addressed. The use of waste biomass as a substrate lowers the ultimate cost for the production of biocatalysts while simultaneously reduces the waste burden from the environment.
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Chen M, Wang J, Lin L, Wei W, Shen Y, Wei D. High-level expression of a β-mannanase (manB) in Pichia pastoris GS115 for mannose production with Penicillium brevicompactum fermentation pretreatment of soybean meal. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:549-561. [PMID: 33200291 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02467-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An endo-1,4-β-mannanase gene (manB) from a Bacillus pumilus Nsic-2 grown in a stinky tofu emulsion was cloned and expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115. After characterized, the endo-1,4-β-mannanase (manB) show maximum activity at pH 6.0 and 50 °C with LBG as substrate and perform high stability at a range of pH 6-8. After applying for a shake flask fermentation, the specific activity of manB reached 3462 U/mg. To produce mannose, the soybean meal (SBM) was pretreated by biological fermentation for 11 days with Penicillium brevicompactum, and then hydrolyzed by manB. As a result, mannose yield reached 3.58 g per 1 kg SBM which indicated that 0.358% SBM was converted into mannose after hydrolyzation, and mean a total 20% mannan of SBM converting into mannose, while the control group demonstrated only 1.78% conversion. An effective β-mannanase for the bioconversion of mannan-rich biomasses and an efficient method to produce mannose with soybean meal were introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mianhui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, People's Republic of China
- Research Laboratory for Functional Nanomaterial, National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yaling Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongzhi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
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Dawood A, Ma K. Applications of Microbial β-Mannanases. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:598630. [PMID: 33384989 PMCID: PMC7770148 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.598630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mannans are main components of hemicellulosic fraction of softwoods and they are present widely in plant tissues. β-mannanases are the major mannan-degrading enzymes and are produced by different plants, animals, actinomycetes, fungi, and bacteria. These enzymes can function under conditions of wide range of pH and temperature. Applications of β-mannanases have therefore, been found in different industries such as animal feed, food, biorefinery, textile, detergent, and paper and pulp. This review summarizes the most recent studies reported on potential applications of β-mannanases and bioengineering of β-mannanases to modify and optimize their key catalytic properties to cater to growing demands of commercial sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesa Dawood
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Kesen Ma
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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12
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Yang L, Shi G, Tao Y, Lai C, Li X, Zhou M, Yong Q. The Increase of Incomplete Degradation Products of Galactomannan Production by Synergetic Hydrolysis of β-Mannanase and α-Galactosidase. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 193:405-416. [PMID: 33015742 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03430-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
An integrated process to increase the yield of incomplete degradation products of galactomannan (GalM) especially for galactomanno-oligosaccharides (GalMOS) was suggested. Trichoderma reesei employed Avicel or GalMOS as a carbon source to produce β-mannanase or α-galactosidase independently, with a result of 3.78 ± 0.12 U/mL of β-mannanase activity and 2.45 ± 0.06 U/mL of α-galactosidase activity which were obtained, respectively. GalM in Sesbania seed was hydrolyzed simultaneously by a mixture of crude enzyme with β-mannanase and α-galactosidase at a dosage of 20 U/g GalM and 15 U/g GalM, respectively; the yields of incomplete degradation products of GalM (IDP-GalM) and GalMOS were 78.84% ± 3.14% and 30.94% ± 0.38%, respectively, which was beneficial to improve the biological activity of the incomplete degradation products. The role of α-galactosidase addition in mixture enzymes is to remove the galactose substituents from mannan backbone of GalM and alleviate the steric hindrance of β-mannanase hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Gang Shi
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yuheng Tao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Chenhuan Lai
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Xin Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Mengyi Zhou
- Advanced Analysis and Testing Center of Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Qiang Yong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
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Gürler HN, Erkan SB, Ozcan A, Yılmazer C, Karahalil E, Germec M, Yatmaz E, Ogel ZB, Turhan I. Scale‐up processing with different microparticle agent for β‐mannanase production in a large‐scale stirred tank bioreactor. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Nur Gürler
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Akdeniz University Antalya Turkey
| | - Selime Benemir Erkan
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Akdeniz University Antalya Turkey
| | - Ali Ozcan
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Akdeniz University Antalya Turkey
| | - Cansu Yılmazer
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Akdeniz University Antalya Turkey
| | - Ercan Karahalil
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Akdeniz University Antalya Turkey
| | - Mustafa Germec
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Akdeniz University Antalya Turkey
| | - Ercan Yatmaz
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Akdeniz University Antalya Turkey
- Göynük Culinary Arts Vocational School Akdeniz University Antalya Turkey
| | - Zumrut Begum Ogel
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Konya Food and Agriculture University Konya Turkey
| | - Irfan Turhan
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Akdeniz University Antalya Turkey
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14
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Comparison of Batch and Continuous Wet-Processing of Coffee: Changes in the Main Compounds in Beans, By-Products and Wastewater. Foods 2020; 9:foods9081135. [PMID: 32824690 PMCID: PMC7466179 DOI: 10.3390/foods9081135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many technical challenges still need to be overcome to improve the quality of the green coffee beans. In this work, the wet Arabica coffee processing in batch and continuous modus were investigated. Coffee beans samples as well as by-products and wastewaters collected at different production steps were analyzed in terms of their content in total phenols, antioxidant capacity, caffeine content, organic acids, reducing sugars, free amino group and protein content. The results showed that 40% of caffeine was removed with pulp. Green coffee beans showed highest concentration of organic acids and sucrose (4.96 ± 0.25 and 5.07 ± 0.39 g/100 g DW for the batch and continuous processing). Batch green coffee beans contained higher amount of phenols. 5-caffeoylquinic Acid (5-CQA) was the main constituent (67.1 and 66.0% for the batch and continuous processing, respectively). Protein content was 15 and 13% in the green coffee bean in batch and continuous processing, respectively. A decrease of 50 to 64% for free amino groups during processing was observed resulting in final amounts of 0.8 to 1.4% in the processed beans. Finally, the batch processing still revealed by-products and wastewater with high nutrient content encouraging a better concept for valorization.
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