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Christelle Nadia NA, Yaghoobi M, Cédric Y, Besati M, Misparine Kiki Y, Aboubakar Sidiki NN, Azizi MA, Khan Payne V, Hu H. Anthelmintic Activity of Ethanolic and Aqueous Extracts of Khaya grandifoliola Stem Bark against Heligmosomoides polygyrus: In Vitro and In Silico Approaches. J Trop Med 2024; 2024:6735764. [PMID: 39050406 PMCID: PMC11268970 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6735764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Parasitic infection remains a serious health trade for humans and livestock. The purpose of this study was to present scientific proof of the anthelmintic properties of Khaya grandifoliola, which the native population uses to cure helminthiasis. Method Fresh Heligmosomoides polygyrus eggs were isolated from faecal samples of experimentally infected mice. The faecal material was cultured, and L1 and L2 larval stages were recovered after 48 and 120 hours, respectively. Using the worm microtracker, the anthelminthic efficacy of the extracts against H. polygyrus was assessed. Two different extracts (aqueous and ethanol extracts) were prepared. For the ovicidal and larvicidal activities, 100 µL of various concentrations of plant extracts, levamisole and 1.5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), were introduced into a 96-well microplate titer followed by the addition of 100 µL of embryonated eggs (60 eggs) for the ovicidal activity and 100 µL of L 1 or L 2 larvae (50 larvae) for the larvicidal activity. The movement of the worm was monitored for 24 hours in the worm microtracker at 27°C. The Glide module of the Schrodinger Maestro software was used to perform docking studies. Results For the aqueous extracts, the highest percentage of inhibition of hatching was 42.77 ± 12% at 7.5 mg/mL. The IC50 values for the ethanol (0.36 mg/mL) extract showed that the ethanol extract had a good inhibitory effect on the ability of parasites to hatch from eggs. The inhibition percentage of L1 larvae motility at 7.5 mg/mL was 98.0 ± 1.66% and 83.33 ± 1.66% for ethanol and aqueous extracts, respectively. The negative controls, distilled water and 1.5% DMSO, had no inhibitory impact on larvae. On L1-larvae, the drug of choice levamisole (positive control) had the highest percentage effect (100.0%). Six compounds had the highest docking score and their interactions with the receptor as well. Grandiamide A interacts most with tyrosine, glycine, phenylalanine, asparagine, and serine, and its benzene ring and oxygens inhibit these receptors. Carbonyl and hydroxyl (OH) groups connect grandiamide D to asparagine, isoleucine, and phenylalanine, respectively. By donating hydrogen to the receptor through OH groups, D-glucopyranose-6-phosphate also forms relatively strong hydrogen bonds with its oxygen-bound phosphorus and the receptor. 1-O-deacetylkhayanolide E interacts most with serine and glutamic acid. The carbamic acid benzyl ester of carbamic acid [(1S)-1-phenyl-2-[(4-methylphenyl) sulfinyl] ethyl] interacts most with the receptor with carbonyl groups and with asparagine and serine. With its abundant hydroxide, D-mannitol acts as a hydrogen donor and acceptor and interacts most strongly with amino acids such as glycine, asparagine, aspartic acid, alanine, and glutamic acid. Conclusions K. grandifoliola extracts possess anthelminthic properties. However, in vivo studies are still necessary to demonstrate the effectiveness of this plant for the treatment of helminthiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noumedem Anangmo Christelle Nadia
- Department of Microbiology, Haematology and ImmunologyFaculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Dschang, P.O. Box 96, Dschang, Cameroon
- Laboratory of Tropical and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Mahdi Yaghoobi
- Molecular Design and SynthesisDepartment of ChemistryKU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven B-3001, Belgium
| | - Yamssi Cédric
- Laboratory of Tropical and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Buea, Cameroon
- Department of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Bamenda, P.O. Box 39, Bambili, Cameroon
| | - Masoud Besati
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio)CSIC-University of Valencia, Paterna 46980, Spain
| | - Yungong Misparine Kiki
- Department of Medical Laboratory SciencesFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Bamenda, P.O. Box 39, Bambili, Cameroon
| | - Ngouyamsa Nsapkain Aboubakar Sidiki
- Laboratory of Tropical and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Buea, Cameroon
- Department of Animal BiologyFaculty of ScienceUniversity of Dschang, P.O. Box 067, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Mounvera Abdel Azizi
- Laboratory of Tropical and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Buea, Cameroon
- Department of Animal BiologyFaculty of ScienceUniversity of Dschang, P.O. Box 067, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Vincent Khan Payne
- Laboratory of Tropical and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Buea, Cameroon
- Department of Animal BiologyFaculty of ScienceUniversity of Dschang, P.O. Box 067, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Haibo Hu
- Laboratory of Tropical and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Buea, Cameroon
- Department of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Bamenda, P.O. Box 39, Bambili, Cameroon
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese MedicineNational Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Hakka Medical Resources BranchSchool of PharmacyGannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
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Álvarez-León F, Rosado-Aguilar JA, Gamboa-Angulo M, Flota-Burgos GJ, Martin J, Reyes F. Anthelmintic activity and chemical profile of native plant extracts from the Yucatan Peninsula against Toxocara canis. Acta Trop 2024; 255:107214. [PMID: 38663537 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Toxocara canis can produce the "larva migrans" syndrome in humans, and in puppies, it can cause severe digestive disorders. The most used treatments are based on anthelmintics, although there are reports of anthelmintic (AH) resistance. The Yucatan Peninsula has a great variety of plant species whose AH properties are still unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro AH activity of ethanolic (EE), methanolic (ME) and aqueous (AE) extracts from the leaves of five native plant species of the Yucatan Peninsula on T. canis eggs of dogs from Merida, Yucatan. As part of a screening, the EE of the plants Alseis yucatanensis, Calea jamaicensis, Cameraria latifolia, Macrocepis diademata, and Parathesis cubana were evaluated at doses of 2400 and 3600 μg/ml. The EE and AE of A. yucatanensis and M. diademata presented high percentages (≥ 91.3%) of inhibition of the larval development of T. canis after six days of exposure. The lowest LC50 and LC99 was presented by the ME from A. yucatanensis (255.5 and 629.06 µg/ml, respectively) and the ME from M. diademata (222.4 and 636.5 µg/ml, respectively), and the AE from A. yucatanenesis (LC50 of 535.9 µg/ml). Chemical profiling of the most potent AH extract (Alseis yucatanensis) was carried out by LC-UV-HRMS. Data from the ME and AE from this plant indicated the presence of the known glucosylngoumiensine, kaempferol 3,7-diglucosyde, uvaol, linoleic acid and linolenic acid together with unknown alkaloids. The EE, ME and AE from leaves of M. diademata and A. yucatanensis could be developed as natural alternatives to control T. canis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Álvarez-León
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Yucatan, Km 15.5, Merida- Xmatkuil highway, CP 97000 Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - J A Rosado-Aguilar
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Yucatan, Km 15.5, Merida- Xmatkuil highway, CP 97000 Merida, Yucatan, Mexico.
| | - M Gamboa-Angulo
- Biotechnology Unit, Scientific Research Center of Yucatan, Street 43 number 130 × 32 and 34, CP 97205 Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - G J Flota-Burgos
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Yucatan, Km 15.5, Merida- Xmatkuil highway, CP 97000 Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - J Martin
- Fundación MEDINA, Avenida del conocimiento, 34 Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Granada 18016, España
| | - F Reyes
- Fundación MEDINA, Avenida del conocimiento, 34 Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Granada 18016, España
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Kamal M, Mukherjee S, Joshi B, Sindhu ZUD, Wangchuk P, Haider S, Ahmed N, Talukder MH, Geary TG, Yadav AK. Model nematodes as a practical innovation to promote high throughput screening of natural products for anthelmintics discovery in South Asia: Current challenges, proposed practical and conceptual solutions. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2023; 256:111594. [PMID: 37730126 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2023.111594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing prevalence of anthelmintic resistance in animals recorded globally, and the threat of resistance in human helminths, the need for novel anthelmintic drugs is greater than ever. Most research aimed at discovering novel anthelmintic leads relies on high throughput screening (HTS) of large libraries of synthetic small molecules in industrial and academic settings in developed countries, even though it is the tropical countries that are most plagued by helminth infections. Tropical countries, however, have the advantage of possessing a rich flora that may yield natural products (NP) with promising anthelmintic activity. Focusing on South Asia, which produces one of the world's highest research outputs in NP and NP-based anthelmintic discovery, we find that limited basic research and funding, a lack of awareness of the utility of model organisms, poor industry-academia partnerships and lack of technological innovations greatly limit anthelmintics research in the region. Here we propose that utilizing model organisms including the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, that can potentially allow rapid target identification of novel anthelmintics, and Oscheius tipulae, a closely related, free-living nematode which is found abundantly in soil in hotter temperatures, could be a much-needed innovation that can enable cost-effective and efficient HTS of NPs for discovering compounds with anthelmintic/antiparasitic potential in South Asia and other tropical regions that historically have devoted limited funding for such research. Additionally, increased collaborations at the national, regional and international level between parasitologists and pharmacologists/ethnobotanists, setting up government-industry-academia partnerships to fund academic research, creating a centralized, regional collection of plant extracts or purified NPs as a dereplication strategy and HTS library, and holding regional C. elegans/O. tipulae-based anthelmintics workshops and conferences to share knowledge and resources regarding model organisms may collectively promote and foster a NP-based anthelmintics landscape in South Asia and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muntasir Kamal
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Suprabhat Mukherjee
- Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol 713340, West Bengal, India
| | - Bishnu Joshi
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zia-Ud-Din Sindhu
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Phurpa Wangchuk
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns Campus, QLD 4878, Australia
| | | | - Nurnabi Ahmed
- Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | | | - Timothy G Geary
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University-Belfast, Belfast, NI, UK
| | - Arun K Yadav
- Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India
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Salim AA, Butler MS, Blaskovich MAT, Henderson IR, Capon RJ. Natural products as anthelmintics: safeguarding animal health. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:1754-1808. [PMID: 37555325 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00019b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Covering literature to December 2022This review provides a comprehensive account of all natural products (500 compounds, including 17 semi-synthetic derivatives) described in the primary literature up to December 2022, reported to be capable of inhibiting the egg hatching, motility, larval development and/or the survival of helminths (i.e., nematodes, flukes and tapeworms). These parasitic worms infect and compromise the health and welfare, productivity and lives of commercial livestock (i.e., sheep, cattle, horses, pigs, poultry and fish), companion animals (i.e., dogs and cats) and other high value, endangered and/or exotic animals. Attention is given to chemical structures, as well as source organisms and anthelmintic properties, including the nature of bioassay target species, in vivo animal hosts, and measures of potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela A Salim
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 4072.
| | - Mark S Butler
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 4072.
| | - Mark A T Blaskovich
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 4072.
| | - Ian R Henderson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 4072.
| | - Robert J Capon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 4072.
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Gebreyohannes G, Sbhatu DB. Wild Mushrooms: A Hidden Treasure of Novel Bioactive Compounds. Int J Anal Chem 2023; 2023:6694961. [PMID: 37781342 PMCID: PMC10541307 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6694961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary metabolites are hidden gems in mushrooms. Understanding these secondary metabolites' biological and pharmacological effects can be aided by identifying them. The purpose of this work was to profile the mycochemical components of the extracts of Auricularia auricula judae, Microporus xanthopus, Termitomyces umkowaani, Trametes elegans, and Trametes versicolor to comprehend their biological and pharmacological capabilities. Mushroom samples were collected from Kenya's Arabuko-Sokoke and Kakamega National Reserved Forests and identified using morphological and molecular techniques. Chloroform, 70% ethanol, and hot water solvents were used to extract the mycochemical components. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyze the chloroform, 70% ethanol, and hot water extracts of all the species examined. A total of 51 compounds were isolated from all extracts and classified as carboxylic acids, esters, phenols, fatty acids, alcohol, epoxides, aldehydes, fatty aldehydes, isoprenoid lipids, and steroids. Tetracosamethyl-cyclododecasiloxane (18.90%), oleic acid (72.90%), phenol, 2, 6-bis (1, 1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl-, and methylcarbamate (26.56%) were all found in high concentrations in A. auricular judae, M. xanthopus, T. umkowaani, T. elegans, and T. versicolor, respectively. Fatty acids make up the majority of the compounds isolated from the T. elegans chloroform extract and the T. umkowaani 70% ethanol extract, respectively. Particularly, these fatty acids play crucial roles in the anti-inflammatory, hypocholesterolemic, anticancer, and antibiofilm formation activities. These bioactive elements indicate that the extracts of five wild mushrooms may be reliable sources of secondary metabolites for therapeutic development. Therefore, additional research is required to comprehend the usefulness of these chemicals in many functional areas and to improve the present understanding of macrofungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gebreselema Gebreyohannes
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Mekelle Institute of Technology, Mekelle University, Mekele, Ethiopia
| | - Desta Berhe Sbhatu
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Mekelle Institute of Technology, Mekelle University, Mekele, Ethiopia
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Cédric Y, Nadia NAC, Nfufu S, Azizi MA, Sandra TNJ, Payne VK. Nematocidal Activity of Ethanol and Aqueous Extracts of Persea americana Seeds against Heligmosomoides polygyrus using the Worm Microtracker Method. J Parasitol Res 2023; 2023:9545565. [PMID: 37745983 PMCID: PMC10513806 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9545565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Infections with gastrointestinal helminths constitute a serious obstacle to the good health of the local population in most African Countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anthelminthic activity of Persea americana ethanol and aqueous extracts against Heligmosomoides polygyrus using the worm microtracker. Method Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of P. americana were prepared. Different concentrations of the extracts were tested against the egg and larvae stages of H. polygyrus using an automated high-throughput method. Briefly, embryonated eggs and larvae of this parasite were obtained after the incubation of fresh eggs at 25°C for 24, 48, and 96 hours for embryonated eggs, L1 and L2 larvae, respectively. One hundred microliters of the plant extracts at various concentrations were put in contact in a 96-well microplate with a suspension of 100 embryonated eggs in a total volume of 200 μL and incubated in a worm microtracker where the motility of the worms was recorded every 30 minutes for the ovicidal activity. The final tested extract concentration was 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.625, and 0.3125 mg/mL, whereas ringer solution (0.95%) and 1.5% Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were used as negative controls and levamisole as positive control. The same method was used for larvicidal activities. The anthelmintic activity was determined using the average movement of the worms in the tested product compared with the negative control (1.5% DMSO and ringer solution). Results The egg hatching rates of H. polygyrus had IC50 of 0.49 mg/mL (95% confidence interval: 71.70-92.03) and 0.22 mg/mL (95% confidence interval: 74.28-86.18) for the ethanol and aqueous extract, respectively. These IC50 indicate that the aqueous extract is more active for the inhibition of hatching at a 95% confidence interval. The aqueous and ethanol extracts presented mean inhibitory hatching rates of 78.33 ± 1.67% and 75.67 ± 1.15% at 5 mg/mL, respectively, with no significant differences. The highest percentage of inhibition of L1 larva was observed at 5 mg/mL with 89 ± 2.3%and 85 ± 2.7% for the ethanol and aqueous extracts, respectively. The lowest percentage of inhibition was observed at 0.3125 mg/mL, with 54.67 ± 3.38% and 49 ± 2.64% for the ethanol and aqueous extract, respectively. No significant differences were observed between the two extracts at 5 mg/mL with an inhibitory percentage of 90.67 ± 3.05% (ethanol) and 89.33 ± 2.08% (aqueous). Conclusion Extracts of P. americana seeds possess nematocidal activity, however, further in silico and in vivo investigations are necessary to confirm their anthelminthic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamssi Cédric
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bamenda, P.O. Box 39 Bambili, Cameroon
| | - Noumedem Anangmo Christelle Nadia
- Department of Microbiology, Haematology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 96 Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Sandra Nfufu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bamenda, P.O. Box 39 Bambili, Cameroon
| | - Mounvera Abdel Azizi
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 067 Dschang, Cameroon
| | | | - Vincent Khan Payne
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 067 Dschang, Cameroon
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Rocha LF, Kinsel ME, Bond JP, Fakhoury AM. Chemical Profiles of Heterodera glycines Suppressive Soils in Double Cropping Soybean Production. J Nematol 2023; 55:20230030. [PMID: 37818528 PMCID: PMC10561077 DOI: 10.2478/jofnem-2023-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported soybean fields double-cropped with winter wheat having reduced soybean cyst nematode (SCN) (Heterodera glycines) counts compared to fallow. A follow-up metagenomics study identified several fungal and bacterial taxa enriched in wheat fields, and some were reported to parasitize SCN. Knowing that phytocompounds with potential nematicidal activity are released via wheat roots and stubble, we implemented a dichloromethane-based extraction method and a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) system to investigate soil chemical profiles of samples collected from these fields and review the potential nematicidal activity of compounds with higher concentration in double cropping fields. 51 compounds were detected during the GCMS analysis, eight with unknown identification. Several compounds, including multiple fatty acids, had larger relative peak areas when double-cropped, compared to fallow samples. This study, along with our previously published one, provided a better understanding of the mechanisms that govern the effect of wheat on SCN populations. Rather than driven by a single mechanism, the suppression of SCN in soybean fields double-cropped with winter wheat was potentially linked to enriched microbial communities, increased populations of beneficial organisms, and higher concentrations of chemicals with potential nematicidal activity. To our knowledge, this is the first study using GCMS to characterize soil chemical profiles in soybean fields double-cropped with winter wheat regarding the suppression of SCN populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo F. Rocha
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, 1205 Lincoln Dr., Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Mary E. Kinsel
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Sciences, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln Dr., Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Jason P. Bond
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, 1205 Lincoln Dr., Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Ahmad. M. Fakhoury
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, 1205 Lincoln Dr., Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
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Antihelminthic Activity of Lophira Lanceolata on Heligmosomoides polygyrus Using an Automated High-Throughput Method. J Trop Med 2023; 2023:9504296. [PMID: 36713298 PMCID: PMC9883098 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9504296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There are about 13 parasitic infections that are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality but have not received the attention they deserve; thus, they are now known as "neglected tropical diseases" (NTDs). This study was aimed at evaluating the antihelminthic activities of Lophira lanceolata using an automated high-throughput method. Methods The antihelminthic activity effect of the extracts against H. polygyrus was determined using an automated high-throughput method. For the egg-hatching test, 100 μL of embryonated egg suspension (60 eggs) was added to 100 μL of various concentrations of extracts, levamisole, and 1.5% DMSO in a 96-well round-bottom microtitre plate. After mixing, the 96-well microplate was placed in WMicroTracker and incubated for 24 h at 25°C; the movements were recorded every 30 minutes. The same procedure was used for the larval motility assays, where 100 μL of L1 or L2 larvae (50 larvae) were put in contact with 100 μL of various concentrations of extracts. Results The ovicidal activity (hatching) had an IC50 of 1.4 mg/mL for the ethanol extract. The aqueous and ethanol extracts of L. lanceolata showed larvicidal activity on the L1 larvae with IC50 of 1.85 mg/mL and 2.4 mg/mL, respectively, as well as on the L2 larvae with IC50 values of 1.08 mg/mL and 1.02 mg/mL for the aqueous and ethanol extracts, respectively. These results showed that the aqueous extract exhibited a stronger inhibitory power on the hatching rate of parasites than ethanol extracts, while the contrary effect was observed for the larval motility assays. Conclusion This study provides scientific data on the use of L. lanceolata by the local population for the treatment of helminthiases. However, in vivo and toxicity tests are necessary to assess its activity and safety.
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Bonde CS, Bornancin L, Lu Y, Simonsen HT, Martínez-Valladares M, Peña-Espinoza M, Mejer H, Williams AR, Thamsborg SM. Bio-Guided Fractionation and Molecular Networking Reveal Fatty Acids to Be Principal Anti-Parasitic Compounds in Nordic Seaweeds. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:674520. [PMID: 34149425 PMCID: PMC8206555 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.674520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Widespread use of antimicrobial drugs has led to high levels of drug-resistance in pathogen populations and a need for novel sources of anti-bacterial and anti-parasitic compounds. Macroalgae (seaweed) are potentially a rich source of bioactive compounds, and several species have traditionally been used as vermifuges. Here, we investigated the anti-parasitic properties of four common cold-water Nordic seaweeds; Palmaria palmata (Rhodophyta), Laminaria digitata, Saccharina latissima and Ascophyllum nodosum (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae). Screening of organic extracts against helminths of swine (Ascaris suum) and sheep (Teladorsagia circumcincta) revealed that S. latissima and L. digitata had particularly high biological activity. A combination of molecular networking and bio-guided fractionation led to the isolation of six compounds from extracts of these two species identified in both fermented and non-fermented samples. The six isolated compounds were tentatively identified by using MS-FINDER as five fatty acids and one monoglyceride: Stearidonic acid (1), Eicosapentaenoic acid (2), Alpha-Linolenic acid (3), Docosahexaenoic acid (4), Arachidonic acid (5), and Monoacylglycerol (MG 20:5) (6). Individual compounds showed only modest activity against A. suum, but a clear synergistic effect was apparent when selected compounds were tested in combination. Collectively, our data reveal that fatty acids may have a previously unappreciated role as natural anti-parasitic compounds, which suggests that seaweed products may represent a viable option for control of intestinal helminth infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Smith Bonde
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Louis Bornancin
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Henrik Toft Simonsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - María Martínez-Valladares
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Department of Animal Health, León, Spain
| | - Miguel Peña-Espinoza
- Instituto de Farmacologia y Morfofisiologia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Helena Mejer
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Andrew R Williams
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Stig Milan Thamsborg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Effect of an Arthrobotrys musiformis (Fungi: Orbiliales) culture filtrate on the population of gastrointestinal parasitic nematode eggs in faeces of grazing lambs. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2021; 24:100565. [PMID: 34024381 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2021.100565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the anthelmintic activity of the oral administration of a free-spore culture filtrate of the nematophagous fungus (NF) Arthrobotrys musiformis (M-10) on gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes (GIN) in naturally infected lambs. The fungus was grown on potato-dextrose agar plates (PDA) and transferred to a fermented rice medium (FRM). After 40-day incubation the total amount of FRM with the growing fungi was transferred to a flask shaker with distilled water for a 24 h period. The fungus was centrifuged and filtered. Three groups of six naturally-infected lambs (>1000 epg) each were treated once as follows: Group 1) 63.8 mg/kg A. musiformis culture filtrate (CF) (per os); Group 2) Levamisole 7.5 mg/ml (intramuscularly), Group 3) 15 ml of distilled water (per os). Faecal samples were individually collected on days -2, 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 after treatment. For each experimental group, mean egg shedding was calculated and transformed (log 10 [epg + 1]). Means between the fungal filtrate group and the negative control were analysed using a T-Student Test. The faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) was performed in groups treated with CF and Levamisole in relation to the control group (water) were 36.8-57.4% and 89-95.4%, respectively., although due to the difference between groups, no statistical significance was found (p > 0.05). The use of A. musiformis CF appears to be a good alternative treatment, although, more studies should be performed to establish the use of these fungal products as potential tools for GIN control.
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Romano B, Lucariello G, Capasso R. Topical Collection "Pharmacology of Medicinal Plants". Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11010101. [PMID: 33466709 PMCID: PMC7828774 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Romano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy; (B.R.); (G.L.)
| | - Giuseppe Lucariello
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy; (B.R.); (G.L.)
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
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