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Li Y, He J, Zhang X, Deng X. The draft genome of Nitzschia closterium f. minutissima and transcriptome analysis reveals novel insights into diatom biosilicification. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:560. [PMID: 38840265 PMCID: PMC11151724 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10479-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitzschia closterium f. minutissima is a commonly available diatom that plays important roles in marine aquaculture. It was originally classified as Nitzschia (Bacillariaceae, Bacillariophyta) but is currently regarded as a heterotypic synonym of Phaeodactylum tricornutum. The aim of this study was to obtain the draft genome of the marine microalga N. closterium f. minutissima to understand its phylogenetic placement and evolutionary specialization. Given that the ornate hierarchical silicified cell walls (frustules) of diatoms have immense applications in nanotechnology for biomedical fields, biosensors and optoelectric devices, transcriptomic data were generated by using reference genome-based read mapping to identify significantly differentially expressed genes and elucidate the molecular processes involved in diatom biosilicification. RESULTS In this study, we generated 13.81 Gb of pass reads from the PromethION sequencer. The draft genome of N. closterium f. minutissima has a total length of 29.28 Mb, and contains 28 contigs with an N50 value of 1.23 Mb. The GC content was 48.55%, and approximately 18.36% of the genome assembly contained repeat sequences. Gene annotation revealed 9,132 protein-coding genes. The results of comparative genomic analysis showed that N. closterium f. minutissima was clustered as a sister lineage of Phaeodactylum tricornutum and the divergence time between them was estimated to be approximately 17.2 million years ago (Mya). CAFF analysis demonstrated that 220 gene families that significantly changed were unique to N. closterium f. minutissima and that 154 were specific to P. tricornutum, moreover, only 26 gene families overlapped between these two species. A total of 818 DEGs in response to silicon were identified in N. closterium f. minutissima through RNA sequencing, these genes are involved in various molecular processes such as transcription regulator activity. Several genes encoding proteins, including silicon transporters, heat shock factors, methyltransferases, ankyrin repeat domains, cGMP-mediated signaling pathways-related proteins, cytoskeleton-associated proteins, polyamines, glycoproteins and saturated fatty acids may contribute to the formation of frustules in N. closterium f. minutissima. CONCLUSIONS Here, we described a draft genome of N. closterium f. minutissima and compared it with those of eight other diatoms, which provided new insight into its evolutionary features. Transcriptome analysis to identify DEGs in response to silicon will help to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism of diatom biosilicification in N. closterium f. minutissima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Li
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS) & Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Haikou, 571101, China.
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bioresources, Haikou, 571101, China.
| | - Jinman He
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS) & Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Haikou, 571101, China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bioresources, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Xiuxia Zhang
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS) & Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Haikou, 571101, China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bioresources, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Xiaodong Deng
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS) & Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Haikou, 571101, China.
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bioresources, Haikou, 571101, China.
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Seneff S, Kyriakopoulos AM, Nigh G. Is autism a PIN1 deficiency syndrome? A proposed etiological role for glyphosate. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 38808598 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder, the prevalence of which has increased dramatically in the United States over the past two decades. It is characterized by stereotyped behaviors and impairments in social interaction and communication. In this paper, we present evidence that autism can be viewed as a PIN1 deficiency syndrome. Peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase, NIMA-Interacting 1 (PIN1) is a peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase, and it has widespread influences in biological organisms. Broadly speaking, PIN1 deficiency is linked to many neurodegenerative diseases, whereas PIN1 over-expression is linked to cancer. Death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) strongly inhibits PIN1, and the hormone melatonin inhibits DAPK1. Melatonin deficiency is strongly linked to autism. It has recently been shown that glyphosate exposure to rats inhibits melatonin synthesis as a result of increased glutamate release from glial cells and increased expression of metabotropic glutamate receptors. Glyphosate's inhibition of melatonin leads to a reduction in PIN1 availability in neurons. In this paper, we show that PIN1 deficiency can explain many of the unique morphological features of autism, including increased dendritic spine density, missing or thin corpus callosum, and reduced bone density. We show how PIN1 deficiency disrupts the functioning of powerful high-level signaling molecules, such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and p53. Dysregulation of both of these proteins has been linked to autism. Severe depletion of glutathione in the brain resulting from chronic exposure to oxidative stressors and extracellular glutamate leads to oxidation of the cysteine residue in PIN1, inactivating the protein and further contributing to PIN1 deficiency. Impaired autophagy leads to increased sensitivity of neurons to ferroptosis. It is imperative that further research be conducted to experimentally validate whether the mechanisms described here take place in response to chronic glyphosate exposure and whether this ultimately leads to autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Seneff
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Greg Nigh
- Immersion Health, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Xia X, Zhu L, Xu M, Lei Z, Yu H, Li G, Wang X, Jia H, Yin Z, Huang F, Gao Y. ANKRD22 promotes resolution of psoriasiform skin inflammation by antagonizing NIK-mediated IL-23 production. Mol Ther 2024; 32:1561-1577. [PMID: 38454607 PMCID: PMC11081937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation resolution is an essential process for preventing the development of chronic inflammatory diseases. However, the mechanisms that regulate inflammation resolution in psoriasis are not well understood. Here, we report that ANKRD22 is an endogenous negative orchestrator of psoriasiform inflammation because ANKRD22-deficient mice are more susceptible to IMQ-induced psoriasiform inflammation. Mechanistically, ANKRD22 deficiency leads to excessive activation of the TNFRII-NIK-mediated noncanonical NF-κB signaling pathway, resulting in the hyperproduction of IL-23 in DCs. This is due to ANKRD22 being a negative feedback regulator for NIK because it physically binds to and assists in the degradation of accumulated NIK. Clinically, ANKRD22 is negatively associated with IL-23A expression and psoriasis severity. Of greater significance, subcutaneous administration of an AAV carrying ANKRD22-overexpression vector effectively hastens the resolution of psoriasiform skin inflammation. Our findings suggest ANKRD22, an endogenous supervisor of NIK, is responsible for inflammation resolution in psoriasis, and may be explored in the context of psoriasis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichun Xia
- Institute of Dermatology and Venereal Diseases, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, China; The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai hospital affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai 519050, China
| | - Leqing Zhu
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Bioland, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Miaomiao Xu
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai hospital affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai 519050, China
| | - Zhiwei Lei
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan 511518, China
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Guangqiang Li
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hongling Jia
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhinan Yin
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai hospital affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai 519050, China.
| | - Fang Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai hospital affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai 519050, China.
| | - Yunfei Gao
- Department of Oncology, Research Center of Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Fishburn AT, Florio CJ, Lopez NJ, Link NL, Shah PS. Molecular functions of ANKLE2 and its implications in human disease. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050554. [PMID: 38691001 PMCID: PMC11103583 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Ankyrin repeat and LEM domain-containing 2 (ANKLE2) is a scaffolding protein with established roles in cell division and development, the dysfunction of which is increasingly implicated in human disease. ANKLE2 regulates nuclear envelope disassembly at the onset of mitosis and its reassembly after chromosome segregation. ANKLE2 dysfunction is associated with abnormal nuclear morphology and cell division. It regulates the nuclear envelope by mediating protein-protein interactions with barrier to autointegration factor (BANF1; also known as BAF) and with the kinase and phosphatase that modulate the phosphorylation state of BAF. In brain development, ANKLE2 is crucial for proper asymmetric division of neural progenitor cells. In humans, pathogenic loss-of-function mutations in ANKLE2 are associated with primary congenital microcephaly, a condition in which the brain is not properly developed at birth. ANKLE2 is also linked to other disease pathologies, including congenital Zika syndrome, cancer and tauopathy. Here, we review the molecular roles of ANKLE2 and the recent literature on human diseases caused by its dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam T. Fishburn
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Cole J. Florio
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Nick J. Lopez
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Nichole L. Link
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Utah, 20 South 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Priya S. Shah
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Csergeová L, Krbušek D, Janoštiak R. CIP/KIP and INK4 families as hostages of oncogenic signaling. Cell Div 2024; 19:11. [PMID: 38561743 PMCID: PMC10985988 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-024-00115-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
CIP/KIP and INK4 families of Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs) are well-established cell cycle regulatory proteins whose canonical function is binding to Cyclin-CDK complexes and altering their function. Initial experiments showed that these proteins negatively regulate cell cycle progression and thus are tumor suppressors in the context of molecular oncology. However, expanded research into the functions of these proteins showed that most of them have non-canonical functions, both cell cycle-dependent and independent, and can even act as tumor enhancers depending on their posttranslational modifications, subcellular localization, and cell state context. This review aims to provide an overview of canonical as well as non-canonical functions of CIP/KIP and INK4 families of CKIs, discuss the potential avenues to promote their tumor suppressor functions instead of tumor enhancing ones, and how they could be utilized to design improved treatment regimens for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Csergeová
- BIOCEV-First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - David Krbušek
- BIOCEV-First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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Morselli M, Holton TR, Pellegrini M, Yeates TO, Arbing MA. Design and Construction of a Designed Ankyrin Repeat Protein (DARPin) Display Library. Curr Protoc 2024; 4:e960. [PMID: 38206591 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Protein display systems are powerful techniques used to identify protein molecules that bind with high affinity to target proteins of interest. The initial challenge in implementing a display system is the construction of a high-diversity naïve library. Here, we describe the methods to generate a designed ankyrin repeat protein (DARPin) display library using degenerate oligonucleotides. Specifically described is the construction of a single DARPin repeat module by overlap extension PCR, concatenation of the module by restriction enzyme digestion and ligation, and incorporation of the concatenated modules into a full-length DARPin sequence in a bacterial cloning or display vector containing the hydrophilic N- and C-terminal capping domains. Protocols for PCR amplification of DARPin sequences to estimate diversity of naïve and enriched libraries via next-generation sequencing are included, as is a simple Linux-based program for analysis of naïve and enriched sequences. © 2024 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Generation of a single DARPin repeat by overlap extension PCR Basic Protocol 2: Concatenation of DARPin repeats Basic Protocol 3: Ligation of internal repeats into cloning/display vector containing N- and C-terminal capping repeats Basic Protocol 4: Estimation of library size and diversity by next-generation sequencing (NGS) Basic Protocol 5: NGS analysis of naïve and enriched libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Morselli
- UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Current Address: Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Thomas R Holton
- UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Todd O Yeates
- UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mark A Arbing
- UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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7
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Novikova SE, Tolstova TV, Soloveva NA, Farafonova TE, Tikhonova OV, Kurbatov LK, Rusanov AL, Zgoda VG. Proteomic Approach to Investigating Expression, Localization, and Functions of the SOWAHD Gene Protein Product during Granulocytic Differentiation. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:1668-1682. [PMID: 38105032 DOI: 10.1134/s000629792310019x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Cataloging human proteins and evaluation of their expression, cellular localization, functions, and potential medical significance are important tasks for the global proteomic community. At present, localization and functions of protein products for almost half of protein-coding genes remain unknown or poorly understood. Investigation of organelle proteomes is a promising approach to uncovering localization and functions of human proteins. Nuclear proteome is of particular interest because many nuclear proteins, e.g., transcription factors, regulate functions that determine cell fate. Meta-analysis of the nuclear proteome, or nucleome, of HL-60 cells treated with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) has shown that the functions and localization of a protein product of the SOWAHD gene are poorly understood. Also, there is no comprehensive information on the SOWAHD gene expression at the protein level. In HL-60 cells, the number of mRNA transcripts of the SOWAHD gene was determined as 6.4 ± 0.7 transcripts per million molecules. Using targeted mass spectrometry, the content of the SOWAHD protein was measured as 0.27 to 1.25 fmol/μg total protein. The half-life for the protein product of the SOWAHD gene determined using stable isotope pulse-chase labeling was ~19 h. Proteomic profiling of the nuclear fraction of HL-60 cells showed that the content of the SOWAHD protein increased during the ATRA-induced granulocytic differentiation, reached the peak value at 9 h after ATRA addition, and then decreased. Nuclear location and involvement of the SOWAHD protein in the ATRA-induced granulocytic differentiation have been demonstrated for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Victor G Zgoda
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, 119121, Russia.
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8
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Duarte-Pereira S, Matos S, Oliveira JL, Silva RM. Study of NAD-interacting proteins highlights the extent of NAD regulatory roles in the cell and its potential as a therapeutic target. J Integr Bioinform 2023:jib-2022-0049. [PMID: 36880517 PMCID: PMC10389049 DOI: 10.1515/jib-2022-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) levels are essential for the normal physiology of the cell and are strictly regulated to prevent pathological conditions. NAD functions as a coenzyme in redox reactions, as a substrate of regulatory proteins, and as a mediator of protein-protein interactions. The main objectives of this study were to identify the NAD-binding and NAD-interacting proteins, and to uncover novel proteins and functions that could be regulated by this metabolite. It was considered if cancer-associated proteins were potential therapeutic targets. Using multiple experimental databases, we defined datasets of proteins that directly interact with NAD - the NAD-binding proteins (NADBPs) dataset - and of proteins that interact with NADBPs - the NAD-protein-protein interactions (NAD-PPIs) dataset. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that NADBPs participate in several metabolic pathways, while NAD-PPIs are mostly involved in signalling pathways. These include disease-related pathways, namely, three major neurodegenerative disorders: Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Then, the complete human proteome was further analysed to select potential NADBPs. TRPC3 and isoforms of diacylglycerol (DAG) kinases, which are involved in calcium signalling, were identified as new NADBPs. Potential therapeutic targets that interact with NAD were identified, that have regulatory and signalling functions in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Duarte-Pereira
- IEETA/DETI, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,Department of Medical Sciences, iBiMED - Institute of Biomedicine, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Matos
- IEETA/DETI, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,LASI - Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - José Luís Oliveira
- IEETA/DETI, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,LASI - Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Raquel M Silva
- Department of Medical Sciences, iBiMED - Institute of Biomedicine, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Viseu, Portugal
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Feng X, Zhou B, Wu X, Wu H, Zhang S, Jiang Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Cao M, Guo B, Su S, Hou Z. Molecular characterization of SPL gene family during flower morphogenesis and regulation in blueberry. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:40. [PMID: 36650432 PMCID: PMC9847132 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04044-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The SPL gene is a plant-specific transcription factor involved in the regulation of plant growth and development, which have been identified in woody plants. The process of floral bud differentiation affects the timing of flowering and fruit set and regulates plant growth, however, the mechanism of regulation of flower development by SPL genes is less studied. In this study, 56 VcSPL genes were identified in the tetraploid blueberry. The VcSPL gene family was classified into six subfamilies, and analysis of cis-elements showed that VcSPL genes were regulated by light, phytohormones (abscisic acid, MeJA), and low temperature. In the evolutionary analysis, segmental replication may play an important role in VcSPL gene amplification. Interestingly, we also studied diploid blueberry (Bilberry), in which 24 SPL genes were identified, and 36 homologous pairs were found, suggesting a high degree of convergence in the syntenic relationship between blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L) and bilberry (Vaccinium darrowii). Based on the expression profile, VcSPL genes were expressed at high levels in flowers, shoots, and roots, indicating a diversity of gene functions. Then we selected 20 differentially-expressed SPL genes to further investigate the role of VcSPL in floral induction and initiation. It showed that the genes VcSPL40, VcSPL35, VcSPL45, and VcSPL53 may play a crucial role in the blueberry floral transition phase (from vegetative growth to flower initiation). These results provided important information for understanding and exploring the role of VcSPLs in flower morphogenesis and plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Feng
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Research and Development Center of Blueberry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Bingjie Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Research and Development Center of Blueberry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xinliang Wu
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Research and Development Center of Blueberry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Huiling Wu
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Research and Development Center of Blueberry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Suilin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Research and Development Center of Blueberry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Research and Development Center of Blueberry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Research and Development Center of Blueberry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yaqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Research and Development Center of Blueberry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Man Cao
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Research and Development Center of Blueberry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Baoshi Guo
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Research and Development Center of Blueberry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shuchai Su
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Research and Development Center of Blueberry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhixia Hou
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Research and Development Center of Blueberry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Ahn E, Fall C, Prom LK, Magill C. A Genome-Wide Association Study of Senegalese Sorghum Seedlings Responding to Pathotype 5 of Sporisorium reilianum. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2999. [PMID: 36365456 PMCID: PMC9654544 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sporisorium reilianum is a fungal pathogen that causes head smut in sorghum. In addition to pathotypes (P) 1-4, P5 and P6 were identified recently. In this study, seedlings of Senegalese sorghum, comprising 163 accessions, were evaluated for response to Sporisorium reilianum. Teliospores of pathotype P5 of the pathogen in dilute agar were pipetted onto seedling shoots while still in soil, and inoculated seedlings were submerged under water at 4 days post-inoculation. Signs of infection (noticeable spots) on the first leaf were checked daily up to 6 days post submergence. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted using 193,727 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) throughout the genome based on two types of phenotypic data: whether noticeable spots were shown or not and the average time for an observation of the spots across 163 accessions. When mapped back to the reference sorghum genome, most of the top candidate SNP loci were associated with plant defense or plant stress response-related genes. The identified SNP loci were associated with spot appearance in sorghum seedlings under flooding following inoculation with P5 of Sporisorium reilianum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezekiel Ahn
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Coumba Fall
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Louis K. Prom
- USDA-ARS Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Clint Magill
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Walser M, Mayor J, Rothenberger S. Designed Ankyrin Repeat Proteins: A New Class of Viral Entry Inhibitors. Viruses 2022; 14:2242. [PMID: 36298797 PMCID: PMC9611651 DOI: 10.3390/v14102242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins) are engineered proteins comprising consensus designed ankyrin repeats as scaffold. Tightly packed repeats form a continuous hydrophobic core and a large groove-like solvent-accessible surface that creates a binding surface. DARPin domains recognizing a target of interest with high specificity and affinity can be generated using a synthetic combinatorial library and in vitro selection methods. They can be linked together in a single molecule to build multispecific and multifunctional proteins without affecting expression or function. The modular architecture of DARPins offers unprecedented possibilities of design and opens avenues for innovative antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Walser
- Molecular Partners AG, Wagistrasse 14, 8952 Zurich-Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Mayor
- Spiez Laboratory, Federal Office for Civil Protection, Austrasse, 3700 Spiez, Switzerland
- Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 48, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylvia Rothenberger
- Spiez Laboratory, Federal Office for Civil Protection, Austrasse, 3700 Spiez, Switzerland
- Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 48, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
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12
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Abstract
Repeat proteins are made with tandem copies of similar amino acid stretches that fold into elongated architectures. These proteins constitute excellent model systems to investigate how evolution relates to structure, folding, and function. Here, we propose a scheme to map evolutionary information at the sequence level to a coarse-grained model for repeat-protein folding and use it to investigate the folding of thousands of repeat proteins. We model the energetics by a combination of an inverse Potts-model scheme with an explicit mechanistic model of duplications and deletions of repeats to calculate the evolutionary parameters of the system at the single-residue level. These parameters are used to inform an Ising-like model that allows for the generation of folding curves, apparent domain emergence, and occupation of intermediate states that are highly compatible with experimental data in specific case studies. We analyzed the folding of thousands of natural Ankyrin repeat proteins and found that a multiplicity of folding mechanisms are possible. Fully cooperative all-or-none transitions are obtained for arrays with enough sequence-similar elements and strong interactions between them, while noncooperative element-by-element intermittent folding arose if the elements are dissimilar and the interactions between them are energetically weak. Additionally, we characterized nucleation-propagation and multidomain folding mechanisms. We show that the global stability and cooperativity of the repeating arrays can be predicted from simple sequence scores.
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13
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León-González JA, Flatet P, Juárez-Ramírez MS, Farías-Rico JA. Folding and Evolution of a Repeat Protein on the Ribosome. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:851038. [PMID: 35707224 PMCID: PMC9189291 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.851038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Life on earth is the result of the work of proteins, the cellular nanomachines that fold into elaborated 3D structures to perform their functions. The ribosome synthesizes all the proteins of the biosphere, and many of them begin to fold during translation in a process known as cotranslational folding. In this work we discuss current advances of this field and provide computational and experimental data that highlight the role of ribosome in the evolution of protein structures. First, we used the sequence of the Ankyrin domain from the Drosophila Notch receptor to launch a deep sequence-based search. With this strategy, we found a conserved 33-residue motif shared by different protein folds. Then, to see how the vectorial addition of the motif would generate a full structure we measured the folding on the ribosome of the Ankyrin repeat protein. Not only the on-ribosome folding data is in full agreement with classical in vitro biophysical measurements but also it provides experimental evidence on how folded proteins could have evolved by duplication and fusion of smaller fragments in the RNA world. Overall, we discuss how the ribosomal exit tunnel could be conceptualized as an active site that is under evolutionary pressure to influence protein folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Alberto León-González
- Synthetic Biology Program, Center for Genome Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Perline Flatet
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - María Soledad Juárez-Ramírez
- Synthetic Biology Program, Center for Genome Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - José Arcadio Farías-Rico
- Synthetic Biology Program, Center for Genome Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuernavaca, Mexico
- *Correspondence: José Arcadio Farías-Rico,
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14
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Abstract
Abstract
Ankyrin (ANK) repeat proteins are coded by tandem occurrences of patterns with around 33 amino acids. They often mediate protein–protein interactions in a diversity of biological systems. These proteins have an elongated non-globular shape and often display complex folding mechanisms. This work investigates the energy landscape of representative proteins of this class made up of 3, 4 and 6 ANK repeats using the energy-landscape visualisation method (ELViM). By combining biased and unbiased coarse-grained molecular dynamics AWSEM simulations that sample conformations along the folding trajectories with the ELViM structure-based phase space, one finds a three-dimensional representation of the globally funnelled energy surface. In this representation, it is possible to delineate distinct folding pathways. We show that ELViMs can project, in a natural way, the intricacies of the highly dimensional energy landscapes encoded by the highly symmetric ankyrin repeat proteins into useful low-dimensional representations. These projections can discriminate between multiplicities of specific parallel folding mechanisms that otherwise can be hidden in oversimplified depictions.
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15
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Drosten M, Barbacid M. Targeting KRAS mutant lung cancer: light at the end of the tunnel. Mol Oncol 2021; 16:1057-1071. [PMID: 34951114 PMCID: PMC8895444 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, KRAS mutant lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD) have been refractory to therapeutic strategies based on personalized medicine owing to the complexity of designing inhibitors to selectively target KRAS and downstream targets with acceptable toxicities. The recent development of selective KRASG12C inhibitors represents a landmark after 40 years of intense research efforts since the identification of KRAS as a human oncogene. Here, we discuss the mechanisms responsible for the rapid development of resistance to these inhibitors, as well as potential strategies to overcome this limitation. Other therapeutic strategies aimed at inhibiting KRAS oncogenic signaling by targeting either upstream activators or downstream effectors are also reviewed. Finally, we discuss the effect of targeting the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, both based on the failure of MEK and ERK inhibitors in clinical trials, as well as on the recent identification of RAF1 as a potential target due to its MAPK‐independent activity. These new developments, taken together, are likely to open new avenues to effectively treat KRAS mutant LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Drosten
- Molecular Oncology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Barbacid
- Molecular Oncology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
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16
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Russi M, Marson D, Fermeglia A, Aulic S, Fermeglia M, Laurini E, Pricl S. The fellowship of the RING: BRCA1, its partner BARD1 and their liaison in DNA repair and cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 232:108009. [PMID: 34619284 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1) and its partner - the BRCA1-associated RING domain protein 1 (BARD1) - are key players in a plethora of fundamental biological functions including, among others, DNA repair, replication fork protection, cell cycle progression, telomere maintenance, chromatin remodeling, apoptosis and tumor suppression. However, mutations in their encoding genes transform them into dangerous threats, and substantially increase the risk of developing cancer and other malignancies during the lifetime of the affected individuals. Understanding how BRCA1 and BARD1 perform their biological activities therefore not only provides a powerful mean to prevent such fatal occurrences but can also pave the way to the development of new targeted therapeutics. Thus, through this review work we aim at presenting the major efforts focused on the functional characterization and structural insights of BRCA1 and BARD1, per se and in combination with all their principal mediators and regulators, and on the multifaceted roles these proteins play in the maintenance of human genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Russi
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTs), DEA, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Domenico Marson
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTs), DEA, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alice Fermeglia
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTs), DEA, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Suzana Aulic
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTs), DEA, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fermeglia
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTs), DEA, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Erik Laurini
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTs), DEA, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Sabrina Pricl
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTs), DEA, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
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17
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Izert MA, Szybowska PE, Górna MW, Merski M. The Effect of Mutations in the TPR and Ankyrin Families of Alpha Solenoid Repeat Proteins. FRONTIERS IN BIOINFORMATICS 2021; 1:696368. [PMID: 36303725 PMCID: PMC9581033 DOI: 10.3389/fbinf.2021.696368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein repeats are short, highly similar peptide motifs that occur several times within a single protein, for example the TPR and Ankyrin repeats. Understanding the role of mutation in these proteins is complicated by the competing facts that 1) the repeats are much more restricted to a set sequence than non-repeat proteins, so mutations should be harmful much more often because there are more residues that are heavily restricted due to the need of the sequence to repeat and 2) the symmetry of the repeats in allows the distribution of functional contributions over a number of residues so that sometimes no specific site is singularly responsible for function (unlike enzymatic active site catalytic residues). To address this issue, we review the effects of mutations in a number of natural repeat proteins from the tetratricopeptide and Ankyrin repeat families. We find that mutations are context dependent. Some mutations are indeed highly disruptive to the function of the protein repeats while mutations in identical positions in other repeats in the same protein have little to no effect on structure or function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Matthew Merski
- *Correspondence: Maria Wiktoria Górna, ; Matthew Merski,
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