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Durrington P, Soran H. Paraoxonase 1: evolution of the enzyme and of its role in protecting against atherosclerosis. Curr Opin Lipidol 2024; 35:171-178. [PMID: 38887979 PMCID: PMC11224571 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the discoveries which led to the concept that serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is inversely related to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) incidence, how this association came to be regarded as causal and how such a role might have evolved. RECENT FINDINGS Animal models suggest a causal link between PON1 present on HDL and atherosclerosis. Serum PON1 activity predicts ASCVD with a similar reliability to HDL cholesterol, but at the extremes of high and low HDL cholesterol, there is discordance with PON1 being potentially more accurate. The paraoxonase gene family has its origins in the earliest life forms. Its greatest hydrolytic activity is towards lactones and organophosphates, both of which can be generated in the natural environment. It is active towards a wide range of substrates and thus its conservation may have resulted from improved survival of species facing a variety of evolutionary challenges. SUMMARY Protection against ASCVD is likely to be the consequence of some promiscuous activity of PON1, but nonetheless has the potential for exploitation to improve risk prediction and prevention of ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Durrington
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Cardiovascular Research Group, University of Manchester
| | - Handrean Soran
- NIHR/Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility & Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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2
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Zamanian MY, Sadeghi Ivraghi M, Khachatryan LG, Vadiyan DE, Bali HY, Golmohammadi M. A review of experimental and clinical studies on the therapeutic effects of pomegranate ( Punica granatum) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Focus on oxidative stress and inflammation. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:7485-7503. [PMID: 38107091 PMCID: PMC10724645 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is frequently linked to metabolic disorders and is prevalent in obese and diabetic patients. The pathophysiology of NAFLD involves multiple factors, including insulin resistance (IR), oxidative stress (OS), inflammation, and genetic predisposition. Recently, there has been an emphasis on the use of herbal remedies with many people around the world resorting to phytonutrients or nutraceuticals for treatment of numerous health challenges in various national healthcare settings. Pomegranate (Punica granatum) parts, such as juice, peel, seed and flower, have high polyphenol content and is well known for its antioxidant capabilities. Pomegranate polyphenols, such as hydrolyzable tannins, anthocyanins, and flavonoids, have high antioxidant capabilities that can help lower the OS and inflammation associated with NAFLD. The study aimed to investigate whether pomegranate parts could attenuate OS, inflammation, and other risk factors associated with NAFLD, and ultimately prevent the development of the disease. The findings of this study revealed that: 1. pomegranate juice contains hypoglycemic qualities that can assist manage blood sugar levels, which is vital for avoiding and treating NAFLD. 2. Polyphenols from pomegranate flowers increase paraoxonase 1 (PON1) mRNA and protein levels in the liver, which can help protect liver enzymes and prevent NAFLD. 3. Punicalagin (PU) is one of the major ellagitannins found in pomegranate, and PU-enriched pomegranate extract (PE) has been shown to inhibit HFD-induced hyperlipidemia and hepatic lipid deposition in rats. 4. Pomegranate fruit consumption, which is high in antioxidants, can decrease the activity of AST and ALT (markers of liver damage), lower TNF-α (a marker of inflammation), and improve overall antioxidant capacity in NAFLD patients. Overall, the polyphenols in pomegranate extracts have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, and protective effects on liver enzymes, which can help prevent and manage NAFLD effects on liver enzymes, which can help prevent and manage NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Yassin Zamanian
- Department of Physiology, School of MedicineHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of PharmacyHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
| | | | - Lusine G. Khachatryan
- Department of Pediatric Diseases, N.F. Filatov Clinical Institute of Children's HealthI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)MoscowRussia
| | - Diana E. Vadiyan
- Institute of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric, Preventive Dentistry and OrthodonticsI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)MoscowRussia
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Kang T, Qin X, Lei Q, Yang Q. BRAP silencing protects against neuronal inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by promoting PON1 expression. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:2645-2655. [PMID: 37647369 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BRCA1 associated protein (BRAP) participates in the regulation of myocardial infarction and atherosclerosis. But the function of BRAP in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CIR) injury has not been elucidated yet. METHODS BRAP expression in PC12 cells in response to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) treatment was examined with Western blot assay. PC12 cells underwent OGD/R-treatment and were subsequently transfected with pcDNA-BRAP or sh-BRAP, followed by determination of viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) production, apoptosis, inflammatory cytokine secretion, and oxidative stress marker protein levels. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) promoter methylation was evaluated with methylation-specific PCR assay. the effect of BRAP/PON1 axis on CIR injury was investigated by rescue experiments. Additionally, sh-BRAP was injected into a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model, and the changes of neurological damage were evaluated. RESULTS BRAP overexpression exacerbated OGD/R-induced viability reduction, LDH production, apoptosis, inflammatory cytokine secretion and oxidative stress in PC12 neuronal cells. In contrast, BRAP silencing showed the opposite results. Mechanistically, BRAP reduced PON1 expression by promoting DNA methyl transferase1 (DNMT1)-mediated PON1 promoter methylation. PON1 silencing reversed BRAP-mediated neuroprotection. Additionally, BRAP silencing alleviated CIR-induced neurological damage in MCAO rats. CONCLUSION BRAP silencing suppressed OGD/R-induced neuronal apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress, and alleviated CIR-induced neurological damage in MCAO rats through facilitating PON1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Kang
- Department of Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao Qin
- Department of Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Qi Lei
- Department of Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
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Camps J, Iftimie S, Arenas M, Castañé H, Jiménez-Franco A, Castro A, Joven J. Paraoxonase-1: How a xenobiotic detoxifying enzyme has become an actor in the pathophysiology of infectious diseases and cancer. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 380:110553. [PMID: 37201624 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Both infectious and non-infectious diseases can share common molecular mechanisms, including oxidative stress and inflammation. External factors, such as bacterial or viral infections, excessive calorie intake, inadequate nutrients, or environmental factors, can cause metabolic disorders, resulting in an imbalance between free radical production and natural antioxidant systems. These factors may lead to the production of free radicals that can oxidize lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, causing metabolic alterations that influence the pathogenesis of the disease. The relationship between oxidation and inflammation is crucial, as they both contribute to the development of cellular pathology. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a vital enzyme in regulating these processes. PON1 is an enzyme that is bound to high-density lipoproteins and protects the organism against oxidative stress and toxic substances. It breaks down lipid peroxides in lipoproteins and cells, enhances the protection of high-density lipoproteins against different infectious agents, and is a critical component of the innate immune system. Impaired PON1 function can affect cellular homeostasis pathways and cause metabolically driven chronic inflammatory states. Therefore, understanding these relationships can help to improve treatments and identify new therapeutic targets. This review also examines the advantages and disadvantages of measuring serum PON1 levels in clinical settings, providing insight into the potential clinical use of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Meritxell Arenas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
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Kunachowicz D, Ściskalska M, Kepinska M. Modulatory Effect of Lifestyle-Related, Environmental and Genetic Factors on Paraoxonase-1 Activity: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2813. [PMID: 36833509 PMCID: PMC9957543 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is a calcium-dependent, HDL-bound serum hydrolase active toward a wide variety of substrates. PON1 displays three types of activities, among which lactonase, paraoxonase, arylesterase and phosphotriesterase can be distinguished. Not only is this enzyme a major organophosphate compound detoxifier, but it is also an important constituent of the cellular antioxidant system and has anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenic functions. The concentration and activity of PON1 is highly variable among individuals, and these differences can be both of genetic origin and be a subject of epigenetic regulation. Owing to the fact that, in recent decades, the exposure of humans to an increasing number of different xenobiotics has been continuously rising, the issues concerning the role and activity of PON1 shall be reconsidered with particular attention to growing pharmaceuticals intake, dietary habits and environmental awareness. In the following manuscript, the current state of knowledge concerning the influence of certain modifiable and unmodifiable factors, including smoking, alcohol intake, gender, age and genotype variation on PON1 activity, along with pathways through which these could interfere with the enzyme's protective functions, is presented and discussed. Since exposure to certain xenobiotics plays a key role in PON1 activity, the influence of organophosphates, heavy metals and several pharmaceutical agents is also specified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marta Kepinska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Division of Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50–556 Wrocław, Poland
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Durrington PN, Bashir B, Soran H. Paraoxonase 1 and atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1065967. [PMID: 36873390 PMCID: PMC9977831 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1065967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Paraoxonase 1 (PON1), residing almost exclusively on HDL, was discovered because of its hydrolytic activity towards organophosphates. Subsequently, it was also found to hydrolyse a wide range of substrates, including lactones and lipid hydroperoxides. PON1 is critical for the capacity of HDL to protect LDL and outer cell membranes against harmful oxidative modification, but this activity depends on its location within the hydrophobic lipid domains of HDL. It does not prevent conjugated diene formation, but directs lipid peroxidation products derived from these to become harmless carboxylic acids rather than aldehydes which might adduct to apolipoprotein B. Serum PON1 is inversely related to the incidence of new atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events, particularly in diabetes and established ASCVD. Its serum activity is frequently discordant with that of HDL cholesterol. PON1 activity is diminished in dyslipidaemia, diabetes, and inflammatory disease. Polymorphisms, most notably Q192R, can affect activity towards some substrates, but not towards phenyl acetate. Gene ablation or over-expression of human PON1 in rodent models is associated with increased and decreased atherosclerosis susceptibility respectively. PON1 antioxidant activity is enhanced by apolipoprotein AI and lecithin:cholesterol acyl transferase and diminished by apolipoprotein AII, serum amyloid A, and myeloperoxidase. PON1 loses this activity when separated from its lipid environment. Information about its structure has been obtained from water soluble mutants created by directed evolution. Such recombinant PON1 may, however, lose the capacity to hydrolyse non-polar substrates. Whilst nutrition and pre-existing lipid modifying drugs can influence PON1 activity there is a cogent need for more specific PON1-raising medication to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul N Durrington
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Bilal Bashir
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peter Mount Building, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Handrean Soran
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peter Mount Building, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Bae G, Berezhnoy G, Koch A, Cannet C, Schäfer H, Kommoss S, Brucker S, Beziere N, Trautwein C. Stratification of ovarian cancer borderline from high-grade serous carcinoma patients by quantitative serum NMR spectroscopy of metabolites, lipoproteins, and inflammatory markers. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1158330. [PMID: 37168255 PMCID: PMC10166069 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1158330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Traditional diagnosis is based on histology or clinical-stage classification which provides no information on tumor metabolism and inflammation, which, however, are both hallmarks of cancer and are directly associated with prognosis and severity. This project was an exploratory approach to profile metabolites, lipoproteins, and inflammation parameters (glycoprotein A and glycoprotein B) of borderline ovarian tumor (BOT) and high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) for identifying additional useful serum markers and stratifying ovarian cancer patients in the future. Methods: This project included 201 serum samples of which 50 were received from BOT and 151 from high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), respectively. All the serum samples were validated and phenotyped by 1H-NMR-based metabolomics with in vitro diagnostics research (IVDr) standard operating procedures generating quantitative data on 38 metabolites, 112 lipoprotein parameters, and 5 inflammation markers. Uni- and multivariate statistics were applied to identify NMR-based alterations. Moreover, biomarker analysis was carried out with all NMR parameters and CA-125. Results: Ketone bodies, glutamate, 2-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, glycerol, and phenylalanine levels were significantly higher in HGSOC, while the same tumors showed significantly lower levels of alanine and histidine. Furthermore, alanine and histidine and formic acid decreased and increased, respectively, over the clinical stages. Inflammatory markers glycoproteins A and B (GlycA and GlycB) increased significantly over the clinical stages and were higher in HGSOC, alongside significant changes in lipoproteins. Lipoprotein subfractions of VLDLs, IDLs, and LDLs increased significantly in HGSOC and over the clinical stages, while total plasma apolipoprotein A1 and A2 and a subfraction of HDLs decreased significantly over the clinical stages. Additionally, LDL triglycerides significantly increased in advanced ovarian cancer. In biomarker analysis, glycoprotein inflammation biomarkers behaved in the same way as the established clinical biomarker CA-125. Moreover, CA-125/GlycA, CA-125/GlycB, and CA-125/Glycs are potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Last, the quantitative inflammatory parameters clearly displayed unique patterns of metabolites, lipoproteins, and CA-125 in BOT and HGSOC with clinical stages I-IV. Conclusion: 1H-NMR-based metabolomics with commercial IVDr assays could detect and identify altered metabolites and lipoproteins relevant to EOC development and progression and show that inflammation (based on glycoproteins) increased along with malignancy. As inflammation is a hallmark of cancer, glycoproteins, thereof, are promising future serum biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response of EOC. This was supported by the definition and stratification of three different inflammatory serum classes which characterize specific alternations in metabolites, lipoproteins, and CA-125, implicating that future diagnosis could be refined not only by diagnosed histology and/or clinical stages but also by glycoprotein classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyuntae Bae
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Georgy Berezhnoy
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - André Koch
- Department of Women’s Health, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Stefan Kommoss
- Department of Women’s Health, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sara Brucker
- Department of Women’s Health, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Beziere
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence CMFI (EXC 2124) “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections”, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Trautwein
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Christoph Trautwein,
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8
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DUYURAN R, GÜRBÜZ H, BAYRAKÇI S, ÇİÇEK H. Serum oxidant, antioxidant, and paraoxonase levels in COVID-19 patients. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.1167711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of his study was to determine serum oxidant status (TOS), antioxidant status (TAS), and paraoxonase (PON1) levels and to determine their diagnostic values in patients diagnosed with COVID-19.
Materials and Methods: The research was carried out on patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Within the scope of the study, a total of 87 patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19, 48 (55.1%) male and 39 (44.9%) were evaluated. Total antioxidant determination was performed using a microplate reader according to the Erel method. To calculate the Oxidative stress index (OSI), TOS and TAS levels were determined.
Results: Male gender was associated with high PON1, smoking with high TOS, the presence of hypertension and Diabetes mellitus (DM) diseases with low OSI, and the presence of asthma with low PON1. High PON1 was found to be associated with shorter hospitalization duration and high TOS was associated with longer hospitalization duration. TAS and TOS levels increased significantly due to the increase in CRP, TOS levels due to the increase in neutrophil level, OSI levels due to the increase in leukocyte level, PON1 levels increased due to the increase in LDH level TAS, TOS, OSI, and PON1 cut-off values were 1.41 (AUC: 0.647), 4.56 (AUC: 0.493), 0.421 (AUC: 0.505) and 340 (AUC: 0.536), sensitivity values were 65.5, 55.2, 48.3 and 51.7; specificity values were calculated respectively as 62.1, 46.6, 34.5 and 53.4.
Conclusion: Although it is seen that oxidative stress types have diagnostic value, there is a need for more comprehensive studies with larger samples on the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hüseyin GÜRBÜZ
- 2. Dr. Ersin Arslan Training and Research Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine
| | - Sinem BAYRAKÇI
- 3. Dr. Ersin Arslan Training and Research Hospital, Department of Intensive Care
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Sphingosine 1-Phosphate and Apolipoprotein M Levels and Their Correlations with Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients with Untreated Familial Hypercholesterolemia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214065. [PMID: 36430543 PMCID: PMC9697457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)-bound apolipoprotein M/sphingosine 1-phosphate (ApoM/S1P) complex in cardiovascular diseases serves as a bridge between HDL and endothelial cells, maintaining a healthy endothelial barrier. To date, S1P and ApoM in patients with untreated heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) have not been extensively studied. Eighty-one untreated patients with HeFH and 32 healthy control subjects were included in this study. Serum S1P, ApoM, sCD40L, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, oxLDL, and TNFα concentrations were determined by ELISA. PON1 activities were measured spectrophotometrically. Lipoprotein subfractions were detected by Lipoprint. We diagnosed FH using the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network criteria. Significantly higher serum S1P and ApoM levels were found in HeFH patients compared to controls. S1P negatively correlated with large HDL and positively with small HDL subfractions in HeFH patients and the whole study population. S1P showed significant positive correlations with sCD40L and MMP-9 levels and PON1 arylesterase activity, while we found significant negative correlation between sVCAM-1 and S1P in HeFH patients. A backward stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that the best predictors of serum S1P were large HDL subfraction and arylesterase activity. Higher S1P and ApoM levels and their correlations with HDL subfractions and inflammatory markers in HeFH patients implied their possible role in endothelial protection.
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Gabaldó X, Juanpere M, Castañé H, Rodríguez-Tomàs E, López-Azcona AF, Baiges-Gaya G, Castro L, Valverde-Díaz E, Muñoz-Blázquez A, Giménez-Cuenca L, Felipo-Balada L, Ballester F, Pujol I, Simó JM, Castro A, Iftimie S, Camps J, Joven J. Usefulness of the Measurement of Serum Paraoxonase-1 Arylesterase Activity in the Diagnoses of COVID-19. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070879. [PMID: 35883435 PMCID: PMC9312761 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of inexpensive, fast, and reliable screening tests for COVID-19 is, as yet, an unmet need. The present study was aimed at evaluating the usefulness of serum arylesterase activity of paraoxonase-1 (PON1) measurement as a screening test in patients with different severity levels of COVID-19 infection. We included 615 COVID-19-positive patients who were classified as asymptomatic, mildly symptomatic, severely symptomatic, or fatally symptomatic. Results were compared with 50 healthy volunteers, 330 patients with cancer, and 343 with morbid obesity. Results showed PON1 activity greatly decreased in COVID-19 compared to healthy volunteers; a receiver operating characteristics plot showed a high diagnostic accuracy. The degree of COVID-19 severity did not influence PON1 levels. Our results indicated that PON1 determination was efficient for disease diagnosis, but not for prognosis. Furthermore, patients with obesity or cancer presented alterations similar to those of COVID-19 patients. As such, elevated levels of PON1 indicate the absence of COVID-19, but low levels may be present in various other chronic diseases. The assay is fast and inexpensive. We suggest that PON1 measurement could be used as an initial, high cut-off point screening method, while lower values should be confirmed with the more expensive nucleic acid amplification test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Gabaldó
- Laboratori de Referència Camp de Tarragona i Terres de l’Ebre, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, 43204 Reus, Spain; (X.G.); (M.J.); (L.C.); (E.V.-D.); (A.M.-B.); (F.B.); (I.P.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Màrius Juanpere
- Laboratori de Referència Camp de Tarragona i Terres de l’Ebre, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, 43204 Reus, Spain; (X.G.); (M.J.); (L.C.); (E.V.-D.); (A.M.-B.); (F.B.); (I.P.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Helena Castañé
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain; (H.C.); (E.R.-T.); (G.B.-G.); (J.J.)
| | - Elisabet Rodríguez-Tomàs
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain; (H.C.); (E.R.-T.); (G.B.-G.); (J.J.)
| | - Ana Felisa López-Azcona
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain; (A.F.L.-A.); (L.G.-C.); (L.F.-B.); (A.C.)
| | - Gerard Baiges-Gaya
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain; (H.C.); (E.R.-T.); (G.B.-G.); (J.J.)
| | - Lourdes Castro
- Laboratori de Referència Camp de Tarragona i Terres de l’Ebre, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, 43204 Reus, Spain; (X.G.); (M.J.); (L.C.); (E.V.-D.); (A.M.-B.); (F.B.); (I.P.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Enrique Valverde-Díaz
- Laboratori de Referència Camp de Tarragona i Terres de l’Ebre, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, 43204 Reus, Spain; (X.G.); (M.J.); (L.C.); (E.V.-D.); (A.M.-B.); (F.B.); (I.P.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Aida Muñoz-Blázquez
- Laboratori de Referència Camp de Tarragona i Terres de l’Ebre, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, 43204 Reus, Spain; (X.G.); (M.J.); (L.C.); (E.V.-D.); (A.M.-B.); (F.B.); (I.P.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Laura Giménez-Cuenca
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain; (A.F.L.-A.); (L.G.-C.); (L.F.-B.); (A.C.)
| | - Laura Felipo-Balada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain; (A.F.L.-A.); (L.G.-C.); (L.F.-B.); (A.C.)
| | - Frederic Ballester
- Laboratori de Referència Camp de Tarragona i Terres de l’Ebre, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, 43204 Reus, Spain; (X.G.); (M.J.); (L.C.); (E.V.-D.); (A.M.-B.); (F.B.); (I.P.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Isabel Pujol
- Laboratori de Referència Camp de Tarragona i Terres de l’Ebre, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, 43204 Reus, Spain; (X.G.); (M.J.); (L.C.); (E.V.-D.); (A.M.-B.); (F.B.); (I.P.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Josep M. Simó
- Laboratori de Referència Camp de Tarragona i Terres de l’Ebre, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, 43204 Reus, Spain; (X.G.); (M.J.); (L.C.); (E.V.-D.); (A.M.-B.); (F.B.); (I.P.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Antoni Castro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain; (A.F.L.-A.); (L.G.-C.); (L.F.-B.); (A.C.)
| | - Simona Iftimie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain; (A.F.L.-A.); (L.G.-C.); (L.F.-B.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: (S.I.); (J.C.); Tel.: +34-310-300 (S.I.); +34-312-569 (J.C.)
| | - Jordi Camps
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain; (H.C.); (E.R.-T.); (G.B.-G.); (J.J.)
- Correspondence: (S.I.); (J.C.); Tel.: +34-310-300 (S.I.); +34-312-569 (J.C.)
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain; (H.C.); (E.R.-T.); (G.B.-G.); (J.J.)
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Rodríguez-Tomàs E, Acosta JC, Torres-Royo L, De Febrer G, Baiges-Gaya G, Castañé H, Jiménez A, Vasco C, Araguas P, Gómez J, Malave B, Árquez M, Calderón D, Piqué B, Algara M, Montero Á, Simó JM, Gabaldó-Barrios X, Sabater S, Camps J, Joven J, Arenas M. Effect of Low-Dose Radiotherapy on the Circulating Levels of Paraoxonase-1-Related Variables and Markers of Inflammation in Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061184. [PMID: 35740079 PMCID: PMC9220239 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to investigate the changes produced by low-dose radiotherapy (LDRT) in the circulating levels of the antioxidant enzyme paraoxonase-1 (PON1) and inflammatory markers in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia treated with LDRT and their interactions with clinical and radiological changes. Data were collected from the IPACOVID prospective clinical trial (NCT04380818). The study included 30 patients treated with a whole-lung dose of 0.5 Gy. Clinical follow-up, as well as PON1-related variables, cytokines, and radiological parameters were analyzed before LDRT, at 24 h, and 1 week after treatment. Twenty-five patients (83.3%) survived 1 week after LDRT. Respiratory function and radiological images improved in survivors. Twenty-four hours after LDRT, PON1 concentration significantly decreased, while transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) increased with respect to baseline. One week after LDRT, patients had increased PON1 activities and lower PON1 and TGF-β1 concentrations compared with 24 h after LDRT, PON1 specific activity increased, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and C-reactive protein (CRP) decreased, and CD4+ and CD8+ cells increased after one week. Our results highlight the benefit of LDRT in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and it might be mediated, at least in part, by an increase in serum PON1 activity at one week and an increase in TGF-β1 concentrations at 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Rodríguez-Tomàs
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Tarragona, Spain; (E.R.-T.); (J.C.A.); (L.T.-R.); (P.A.); (J.G.); (B.M.); (M.Á.); (D.C.); (B.P.)
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43003 Tarragona, Spain; (G.B.-G.); (H.C.); (A.J.); (J.C.); (J.J.)
| | - Johana C. Acosta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Tarragona, Spain; (E.R.-T.); (J.C.A.); (L.T.-R.); (P.A.); (J.G.); (B.M.); (M.Á.); (D.C.); (B.P.)
| | - Laura Torres-Royo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Tarragona, Spain; (E.R.-T.); (J.C.A.); (L.T.-R.); (P.A.); (J.G.); (B.M.); (M.Á.); (D.C.); (B.P.)
| | - Gabriel De Febrer
- Department of Geriatric and Palliative Care, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, 43204 Tarragona, Spain; (G.D.F.); (C.V.)
| | - Gerard Baiges-Gaya
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43003 Tarragona, Spain; (G.B.-G.); (H.C.); (A.J.); (J.C.); (J.J.)
| | - Helena Castañé
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43003 Tarragona, Spain; (G.B.-G.); (H.C.); (A.J.); (J.C.); (J.J.)
| | - Andrea Jiménez
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43003 Tarragona, Spain; (G.B.-G.); (H.C.); (A.J.); (J.C.); (J.J.)
| | - Carlos Vasco
- Department of Geriatric and Palliative Care, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, 43204 Tarragona, Spain; (G.D.F.); (C.V.)
| | - Pablo Araguas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Tarragona, Spain; (E.R.-T.); (J.C.A.); (L.T.-R.); (P.A.); (J.G.); (B.M.); (M.Á.); (D.C.); (B.P.)
| | - Junior Gómez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Tarragona, Spain; (E.R.-T.); (J.C.A.); (L.T.-R.); (P.A.); (J.G.); (B.M.); (M.Á.); (D.C.); (B.P.)
| | - Bárbara Malave
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Tarragona, Spain; (E.R.-T.); (J.C.A.); (L.T.-R.); (P.A.); (J.G.); (B.M.); (M.Á.); (D.C.); (B.P.)
| | - Miguel Árquez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Tarragona, Spain; (E.R.-T.); (J.C.A.); (L.T.-R.); (P.A.); (J.G.); (B.M.); (M.Á.); (D.C.); (B.P.)
| | - David Calderón
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Tarragona, Spain; (E.R.-T.); (J.C.A.); (L.T.-R.); (P.A.); (J.G.); (B.M.); (M.Á.); (D.C.); (B.P.)
| | - Berta Piqué
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Tarragona, Spain; (E.R.-T.); (J.C.A.); (L.T.-R.); (P.A.); (J.G.); (B.M.); (M.Á.); (D.C.); (B.P.)
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, 43204 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Manel Algara
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut d’Investigacions Mèdiques, Hospital del Mar, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Ángel Montero
- Department of Radiation Oncology, HM Hospitales, 28050 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Josep M. Simó
- Laboratori de Referència Sud, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, 43204 Tarragona, Spain; (J.M.S.); (X.G.-B.)
| | - Xavier Gabaldó-Barrios
- Laboratori de Referència Sud, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, 43204 Tarragona, Spain; (J.M.S.); (X.G.-B.)
| | - Sebastià Sabater
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Complejo Hospitalario de Albacete, 02006 Albacete, Spain;
| | - Jordi Camps
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43003 Tarragona, Spain; (G.B.-G.); (H.C.); (A.J.); (J.C.); (J.J.)
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43003 Tarragona, Spain; (G.B.-G.); (H.C.); (A.J.); (J.C.); (J.J.)
| | - Meritxell Arenas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Tarragona, Spain; (E.R.-T.); (J.C.A.); (L.T.-R.); (P.A.); (J.G.); (B.M.); (M.Á.); (D.C.); (B.P.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Castañé H, Iftimie S, Baiges-Gaya G, Rodríguez-Tomàs E, Jiménez-Franco A, López-Azcona AF, Garrido P, Castro A, Camps J, Joven J. Machine learning and semi-targeted lipidomics identify distinct serum lipid signatures in hospitalized COVID-19-positive and COVID-19-negative patients. Metabolism 2022; 131:155197. [PMID: 35381232 PMCID: PMC8976580 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipids are involved in the interaction between viral infection and the host metabolic and immunological responses. Several studies comparing the lipidome of COVID-19-positive hospitalized patients vs. healthy subjects have already been reported. It is largely unknown, however, whether these differences are specific to this disease. The present study compared the lipidomic signature of hospitalized COVID-19-positive patients with that of healthy subjects, as well as with COVID-19-negative patients hospitalized for other infectious/inflammatory diseases. METHODS We analyzed the lipidomic signature of 126 COVID-19-positive patients, 45 COVID-19-negative patients hospitalized with other infectious/inflammatory diseases and 50 healthy volunteers. A semi-targeted lipidomics analysis was performed using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Two-hundred and eighty-three lipid species were identified and quantified. Results were interpreted by machine learning tools. RESULTS We identified acylcarnitines, lysophosphatidylethanolamines, arachidonic acid and oxylipins as the most altered species in COVID-19-positive patients compared to healthy volunteers. However, we found similar alterations in COVID-19-negative patients who had other causes of inflammation. Conversely, lysophosphatidylcholine 22:6-sn2, phosphatidylcholine 36:1 and secondary bile acids were the parameters that had the greatest capacity to discriminate between COVID-19-positive and COVID-19-negative patients. CONCLUSION This study shows that COVID-19 infection shares many lipid alterations with other infectious/inflammatory diseases, and which differentiate them from the healthy population. The most notable alterations were observed in oxylipins, while alterations in bile acids and glycerophospholipis best distinguished between COVID-19-positive and COVID-19-negative patients. Our results highlight the value of integrating lipidomics with machine learning algorithms to explore the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and, consequently, improve clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Castañé
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Simona Iftimie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Gerard Baiges-Gaya
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Elisabet Rodríguez-Tomàs
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Andrea Jiménez-Franco
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Ana Felisa López-Azcona
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Pedro Garrido
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Antoni Castro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Jordi Camps
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
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Medina-Díaz IM, Ponce-Ruíz N, Rojas-García AE, Zambrano-Zargoza JF, Bernal-Hernández YY, González-Arias CA, Barrón-Vivanco BS, Herrera-Moreno JF. The Relationship between Cancer and Paraoxonase 1. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040697. [PMID: 35453382 PMCID: PMC9028432 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive research has been carried out to understand and elucidate the mechanisms of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) in the development of diseases including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurological diseases, and inflammatory diseases. This review focuses on the relationship between PON1 and cancer. The data suggest that PON1, oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and cancer are closely linked. Certainly, the gene expression of PON1 will remain challenging to study. Therefore, targeting PON1, redox-sensitive pathways, and transcription factors promise prevention and therapy in the development of several diseases, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Martha Medina-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepict 63000, Mexico; (N.P.-R.); (A.E.R.-G.); (Y.Y.B.-H.); (C.A.G.-A.); (B.S.B.-V.); (J.F.H.-M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Néstor Ponce-Ruíz
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepict 63000, Mexico; (N.P.-R.); (A.E.R.-G.); (Y.Y.B.-H.); (C.A.G.-A.); (B.S.B.-V.); (J.F.H.-M.)
| | - Aurora Elizabeth Rojas-García
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepict 63000, Mexico; (N.P.-R.); (A.E.R.-G.); (Y.Y.B.-H.); (C.A.G.-A.); (B.S.B.-V.); (J.F.H.-M.)
| | | | - Yael Y. Bernal-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepict 63000, Mexico; (N.P.-R.); (A.E.R.-G.); (Y.Y.B.-H.); (C.A.G.-A.); (B.S.B.-V.); (J.F.H.-M.)
| | - Cyndia Azucena González-Arias
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepict 63000, Mexico; (N.P.-R.); (A.E.R.-G.); (Y.Y.B.-H.); (C.A.G.-A.); (B.S.B.-V.); (J.F.H.-M.)
| | - Briscia S. Barrón-Vivanco
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepict 63000, Mexico; (N.P.-R.); (A.E.R.-G.); (Y.Y.B.-H.); (C.A.G.-A.); (B.S.B.-V.); (J.F.H.-M.)
| | - José Francisco Herrera-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepict 63000, Mexico; (N.P.-R.); (A.E.R.-G.); (Y.Y.B.-H.); (C.A.G.-A.); (B.S.B.-V.); (J.F.H.-M.)
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Determination of Serum Progranulin in Patients with Untreated Familial Hypercholesterolemia. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040771. [PMID: 35453521 PMCID: PMC9032136 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant trait characterized by elevated LDL-C concentrations and is associated with an increased risk of premature atherosclerosis. Progranulin (PGRN) is a multifunctional protein that is known to have various anti-atherogenic effects. To date, the use of serum PGRN in patients with FH has not been studied. Methods: In total, 81 untreated patients with heterozygous FH (HeFH) and 32 healthy control subjects were included in this study. Serum PGRN, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, oxLDL and TNFα concentrations were determined by ELISA. Lipoprotein subfractions were detected by Lipoprint. We diagnosed FH using the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network criteria. Results: We could not find a significant difference between the PGRN concentrations of the HeFH patients and controls (37.66 ± 9.75 vs. 38.43 ± 7.74 ng/mL, ns.). We found significant positive correlations between triglyceride, TNFα, sVCAM-1, the ratio of small HDL subfraction and PGRN, while significant negative correlations were found between the ratio of large HDL subfraction and PGRN both in the whole study population and in FH patients. PGRN was predicted by sVCAM-1, logTNFα and the ratio of small HDL subfraction. Conclusions: The strong correlations between HDL subfractions, inflammatory markers and PGRN suggest that PGRN may exert its anti-atherogenic effect in HeFH through the alteration of HDL composition and the amelioration of inflammation rather than through decreasing oxidative stress.
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Juhász I, Ujfalusi S, Seres I, Lőrincz H, Varga VE, Paragh G, Somodi S, Harangi M, Paragh G. Afamin Levels and Their Correlation with Oxidative and Lipid Parameters in Non-diabetic, Obese Patients. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12010116. [PMID: 35053264 PMCID: PMC8773538 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Afamin is a liver-produced bioactive protein and features α- and γ-tocopherol binding sites. Afamin levels are elevated in metabolic syndrome and obesity and correlate well with components of metabolic syndrome. Afamin concentrations, correlations between afamin and vitamin E, afamin and lipoprotein subfractions in non-diabetic, obese patients have not been fully examined. Methods: Fifty non-diabetic, morbidly obese patients and thirty-two healthy, normal-weight individuals were involved in our study. The afamin concentrations were measured by ELISA. Lipoprotein subfractions were determined with gel electrophoresis. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was used to measure α- and γ tocopherol levels. Results: Afamin concentrations were significantly higher in the obese patients compared to the healthy control (70.4 ± 12.8 vs. 47.6 ± 8.5 μg/mL, p < 0.001). Positive correlations were found between afamin and fasting glucose, HbA1c, hsCRP, triglyceride, and oxidized LDL level, as well as the amount and ratio of small HDL subfractions. Negative correlations were observed between afamin and mean LDL size, as well as the amount and ratio of large HDL subfractions. After multiple regression analysis, HbA1c levels and small HDL turned out to be independent predictors of afamin. Conclusions: Afamin may be involved in the development of obesity-related oxidative stress via the development of insulin resistance and not by affecting α- and γ-tocopherol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imre Juhász
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.J.); (S.S.)
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Szilvia Ujfalusi
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.S.); (H.L.); (V.E.V.); (M.H.)
| | - Ildikó Seres
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.S.); (H.L.); (V.E.V.); (M.H.)
| | - Hajnalka Lőrincz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.S.); (H.L.); (V.E.V.); (M.H.)
| | - Viktória Evelin Varga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.S.); (H.L.); (V.E.V.); (M.H.)
| | - György Paragh
- Department of Dermatology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA;
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Sándor Somodi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.J.); (S.S.)
| | - Mariann Harangi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.S.); (H.L.); (V.E.V.); (M.H.)
| | - György Paragh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.S.); (H.L.); (V.E.V.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +36-52-442-101
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Statins have pleiotropic effects, being both anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory. Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9 (PCSK9) targets the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), which increases LDL levels due to the lower expression of LDLR. AREAS COVERED Inhibition of PCSK9 by the use of antibodies represents a novel principle to lower LDL levels. LDL may have other properties than being a cholesterol carrier but is well established as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis. In atherosclerosis, the plaques are characterized by activated T cells and dendritic cells (DCs), dead cells, and OxLDL. The latter may be an important cause of the inflammation typical of atherosclerosis, by promoting a proinflammatory immune activation. This is inhibited by PCSK9 inhibition, and an anti-inflammatory type of immune activation is induced. OxLDL is raised in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), where both CVD and atherosclerosis are much increased compared to the general population. PCSK9 is reported to be associated with disease activity and complications in SLE. Also in other rheumatoid arthritis, PCSK9 may play a role. EXPERT OPINION PCSK9 has pleiotropic effects, being implicated in inflammation and immunity. Inhibition of PCSK9 is therefore interesting to study further as a potential therapy against inflammation and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Frostegård
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Immunology and Chronic disease, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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