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Yadav H, Maiti S. Poly(allylamine)-adorned heptylcarboxymethyl galactomannan nanocarriers of canagliflozin for controlling type-2 diabetes: Optimization by Box-Behnken design and in vivo performance. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134253. [PMID: 39084426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
In the past three decades, the prevalence of type-2 diabetes has arisen dramatically in countries of all income levels. A novel, most effective nanotechnology-based strategy may reduce the prevalence of diabetes. Recently, the shell-crosslinked polysaccharide-based micellar nanocarriers (MNCs) have shown great promise in terms of stability, controlled drug release, and improved in vivo performance. In this study, heptyl carboxymethyl guar gum was synthesized and characterized by ATR-FTIR, 1HNMR spectroscopy, surface charge, critical micelle concentration (23.9 μg/mL), and cytotoxicity analysis. Box-Behnken design was used to optimize the diameter, zeta potential, drug entrapment efficiency (DEE), and drug release characteristics of poly (allylamine)-crosslinked MNCs containing canagliflozin. The optimized MNCs revealed spherical morphology under TEM and had 149.3 nm diameter (PDI 21.2 %), +53.8 mV zeta potential, and 84 % DEE. The MNCs released about 63 % of the drug in 12 h under varying pH of the simulated gastrointestinal fluid. DSC and x-ray analyses suggested amorphous dispersion of drugs in the MNCs. CAM assay demonstrated the biocompatibility of the MNCs. The MNCs showed hemolysis of <1 %, 85 % mucin adsorption, and stability over three months. The MNCs demonstrated excellent anti-diabetic efficacy in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats, continuously lowering blood glucose levels up to 12 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Yadav
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh 484887, India
| | - Sabyasachi Maiti
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh 484887, India.
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2
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Liu H, Diep TN, Wang Y, Wang Y, Yan LJ. Diabetic Kidney Disease: Contribution of Phenyl Sulfate Derived from Dietary Tyrosine upon Gut Microbiota Catabolism. Biomolecules 2024; 14:1153. [PMID: 39334919 PMCID: PMC11429668 DOI: 10.3390/biom14091153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Deranged gut microbiota can release increased levels of uremic toxins leading to exacerbated kidney injury. In diabetic kidney disease (DKD), phenyl sulfate (PS) derived from tyrosine catabolism by gut microbiota has been demonstrated to be both an early diagnostic marker and a therapeutic target. In this perspective article, we summarize PS generation pathways and recent findings on PS and kidney injury in DKD. Increasing evidence has shown that the underlying mechanisms of PS-induced kidney injury mainly involve oxidative stress, redox imbalance, and mitochondrial dysfunction, which all may be targeted to attenuate PS-induced kidney injury. For future research directions, we think that a deeper understanding of the pathogenic role of PS in kidney injury using a variety of diabetic animal models should be investigated. Moreover, we also suggest beneficial approaches that could be used to mitigate the deleterious effect of PS on the kidney. These approaches include caloric restriction, tyrosine restriction, and administration of ketogenic drugs, ketogenic diets or natural products; all of which should be conducted under obese and diabetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxin Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Tram N Diep
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yucheng Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Liang-Jun Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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Almuhanna Y, Alshalani A, AlSudais H, Alanazi F, Alissa M, Asad M, Joseph B. Antibacterial, Antibiofilm, and Wound Healing Activities of Rutin and Quercetin and Their Interaction with Gentamicin on Excision Wounds in Diabetic Mice. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:676. [PMID: 39336103 PMCID: PMC11429020 DOI: 10.3390/biology13090676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Revised: 08/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Phytochemicals are effective and are gaining attention in fighting against drug-resistant bacterial strains. In the present study, rutin and quercetin were tested for antibacterial, antibiofilm, and wound healing activities on excision wounds infected with MDR-P. aeruginosa in diabetic mice. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities were studied in vitro using broth dilution assay and crystal violet assay, respectively. These phytochemicals were tested alone for wound-healing activities at different concentrations (0.5% and 1% in ointment base) and in combination with gentamicin to evaluate any additive effects. Rutin and quercetin demonstrated effectiveness against MDR-P. aeruginosa at higher concentrations. Both phytochemicals inhibited biofilm formation in vitro and contributed to the healing of diabetic wounds by eradicating biofilm in the wounded tissue. Rutin at a low concentration (0.5%) had a lesser effect on reducing the epithelization period and regeneration of the epithelial layer compared to quercetin. When combined with gentamicin, quercetin (1%) displayed the maximum effect on epithelium regeneration, followed by rutin (1%) in combination with gentamicin. Both phytochemicals were found to be more effective in controlling biofilm and wound-healing activities when used as an additive with gentamicin. The study supports the traditional use of phytochemicals with antibacterial, antibiofilm, and wound-healing activities in managing diabetic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Almuhanna
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulrahman Alshalani
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (H.A.)
| | - Hamood AlSudais
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (H.A.)
| | - Fuad Alanazi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed Alissa
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed Asad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Babu Joseph
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia;
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4
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Diep TN, Liu H, Wang Y, Wang Y, Hoogewijs D, Yan LJ. Redox Imbalance and Mitochondrial Abnormalities in Kidney Disease-Volume II. Biomolecules 2024; 14:973. [PMID: 39199361 PMCID: PMC11353165 DOI: 10.3390/biom14080973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The kidney performs fundamental functions by eliminating metabolic waste and reabsorbing essential nutrients and electrolytes such as glucose, proteins, ions, and anions [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Tram N. Diep
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (T.N.D.); (H.L.)
| | - Haoxin Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (T.N.D.); (H.L.)
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yucheng Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (Y.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - David Hoogewijs
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cardiovascular System, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland;
| | - Liang-Jun Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (T.N.D.); (H.L.)
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5
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Ashour AM. Propolis attenuates diabetes-induced testicular injury by protecting against DNA damage and suppressing cellular stress. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1416238. [PMID: 39055492 PMCID: PMC11269134 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1416238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Propolis has a wide range of biological and pharmacological actions, including antioxidant properties-particularly its phenolic and flavonoid constituents-that could potentially protect the reproductive system from oxidative damage. Method: Four groups were allocated 40 male Wistar rats each. The vehicle was given to the first group's normal control rats negative control. The second, third, and fourth groups of diabetic rats were given vehicle (diabetic control) and propolis orally at 50 and 100 mg/kg, respectively, for 8 weeks. Diabetes was induced in rats via injection of nicotinamide and streptozotocin (STZ). Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and insulin levels, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and semen analysis were assessed. In addition, assessments of serum reproductive hormones, including total testosterone (TTST), estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone luteinizing hormone (LH), and prolactin (PRL), were measured at the end of the study. Tissue total testosterone, E2, and dihydrotestosterone were also evaluated. Serum and tissue oxidative enzymes, including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities, were examined, and malondialdehyde content was determined. The pancreatic and testicular tissues were histopathologically examined, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) in testicular tissue were immunohistochemically analyzed. Testicular tissue was examined for DNA integrity using a comet assay. Results: Compared to the STZ-control group, propolis greatly decreased FBG levels and improved the glycemic status of diabetic rats. In comparison to the STZ-DC group, propolis increased the number of sperm cells and the percent of morphologically normal and viable sperm in male rats, improving their fertility. Propolis also restored the pancreatic islets, protected the testis from oxidative stress, and increased levels of reproductive hormones in the blood, especially testosterone. Moreover, propolis at high doses demonstrated a strong positive response for Bcl-2 and a negative expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in spermatogenic cells. Conclusion: The data obtained strongly indicate that STZ causes severe impairments to the testis whereas propolis, acting as an antioxidant, protects against the adverse effects of STZ on the testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Ashour
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Almuhanna Y. Effect of Ducrosia anethifolia methanol extract against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms on excision wound in diabetic mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1386483. [PMID: 38756229 PMCID: PMC11096459 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1386483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Ducrosia anethifolia is an aromatic desert plant used in Saudi folk medicine to treat skin infections. It is widely found in Middle Eastern countries. Methods A methanolic extract of the plant was prepared, and its phytoconstituents were determined using LC-MS. In-vitro and in-vivo antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of the methanolic extract were evaluated against multidrug-resistant bacteria. The cytotoxic effect was assessed using HaCaT cell lines in-vitro. Diabetic mice were used to study the in-vivo antibiofilm and wound healing activity using the excision wound method. Results More than 50 phytoconstituents were found in the extract after LC-MS analysis. The extract exhibited antibacterial activity against both the tested pathogens. The extract was free of irritant effects on mice skin, and no cytotoxicity was observed on HaCaT cells with an IC50 value of 1381 µg/ml. The ointment formulation of the extract increased the healing of diabetic wounds. The microbial load of both pathogens in the wounded tissue was also reduced after the treatment. The extract was more effective against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) than MDR-P. aeruginosa in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Further, skin regeneration was also observed in histological studies. Conclusions The results showed that D. anethifolia methanol extract supports wound healing in infected wounds in diabetic mice through antibacterial, antibiofilm, and wound healing activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Almuhanna
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
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Ali IH, Hassan RM, El Kerdawy AM, Abo-Elfadl MT, Abdallah HMI, Sciandra F, Ghannam IAY. Novel thiazolidin-4-one benzenesulfonamide hybrids as PPARγ agonists: Design, synthesis and in vivo anti-diabetic evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 269:116279. [PMID: 38460271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
In the current study, two series of novel thiazolidin-4-one benzenesulfonamide arylidene hybrids 9a-l and 10a-f were designed, synthesized and tested in vitro for their PPARɣ agonistic activity. The phenethyl thiazolidin-4-one sulphonamide 9l showed the highest PPARɣ activation % by 41.7%. Whereas, the 3-methoxy- and 4-methyl-4-benzyloxy thiazolidin-4-one sulphonamides 9i, and 9k revealed moderate PPARɣ activation % of 31.7, and 32.8%, respectively, in addition, the 3-methoxy-3-benzyloxy thiazolidin-4-one sulphonamide 10d showed PPARɣ activation % of 33.7% compared to pioglitazone. Compounds 9b, 9i, 9k, 9l, and 10d revealed higher selectivity to PPARɣ over the PPARδ, and PPARα isoforms. An immunohistochemical study was performed in HepG-2 cells to confirm the PPARɣ protein expression for the most active compounds. Compounds 9i, 9k, and 10d showed higher PPARɣ expression than that of pioglitazone. Pharmacological studies were also performed to determine the anti-diabetic activity in rats at a dose of 36 mg/kg, and it was revealed that compounds 9i and 10d improved insulin secretion as well as anti-diabetic effects. The 3-methoxy-4-benzyloxy thiazolidin-4-one sulphonamide 9i showed a better anti-diabetic activity than pioglitazone. Moreover, it showed a rise in blood insulin by 4-folds and C-peptide levels by 48.8%, as well as improved insulin sensitivity. Moreover, compound 9i improved diabetic complications as evidenced by decreasing liver serum enzymes, restoration of total protein and kidney functions. Besides, it combated oxidative stress status and exerted anti-hyperlipidemic effect. Compound 9i showed a superior activity by normalizing some parameters and amelioration of pancreatic, hepatic, and renal histopathological alterations caused by STZ-induction of diabetes. Molecular docking studies, molecular dynamic simulations, and protein ligand interaction analysis were also performed for the newly synthesized compounds to investigate their predicted binding pattern and energies in PPARɣ binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam H Ali
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Rasha M Hassan
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M El Kerdawy
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Science, University of Lincoln, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Green Lane, Lincoln, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud T Abo-Elfadl
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt; Biochemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba M I Abdallah
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Francesca Sciandra
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta"- SCITEC (CNR) Sede di Roma, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Iman A Y Ghannam
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
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Huang SM, Chuang CH, Rejano CJF, Tayo LL, Hsieh CY, Huang SKH, Tsai PW. Sesamin: A Promising Therapeutic Agent for Ameliorating Symptoms of Diabetes. Molecules 2023; 28:7255. [PMID: 37959677 PMCID: PMC10649669 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by improperly regulating proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids due to insulin deficiency or resistance. The increasing prevalence of diabetes poses a tremendous socioeconomic burden worldwide, resulting in the rise of many studies on Chinese herbal medicines to discover the most effective cure for diabetes. Sesame seeds are among these Chinese herbal medicines that were found to contain various pharmacological activities, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, lowering cholesterol, improving liver function, blood pressure and sugar lowering, regulating lipid synthesis, and anticancer activities. These medicinal benefits are attributed to sesamin, which is the main lignan found in sesame seeds and oil. In this study, Wistar rat models were induced with type 2 diabetes using streptozotocin (STZ) and nicotinamide, and the effect of sesamin on the changes in body weight, blood sugar level, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin levels, and the states of the pancreas and liver of the rats were evaluated. The results indicate a reduced blood glucose level, HbA1c, TG, and ALT and AST enzymes after sesamin treatment, while increased insulin level, SOD, CAT, and GPx activities were also observed. These findings prove sesamin's efficacy in ameliorating the symptoms of diabetes through its potent pharmacological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ming Huang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Nantou Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Nantou City 545, Taiwan;
- Department of Nutrition, Hungkuang University, Taichung City 433, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Hung Chuang
- Department of Nutrition, Hungkuang University, Taichung City 433, Taiwan;
| | - Christine Joyce F. Rejano
- School of Chemical, Biological, Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Manila 1002, Philippines; (C.J.F.R.); (L.L.T.)
- School of Graduate Studies, Mapúa University, Manila 1002, Philippines
| | - Lemmuel L. Tayo
- School of Chemical, Biological, Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Manila 1002, Philippines; (C.J.F.R.); (L.L.T.)
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mapúa University, Makati 1200, Philippines
| | - Cheng-Yang Hsieh
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan;
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pharmacy Practice and Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Steven Kuan-Hua Huang
- Department of Medical Science Industries, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan City 711, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Po-Wei Tsai
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pharmacy Practice and Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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Cristelo C, Nunes R, Pinto S, Marques JM, Gama FM, Sarmento B. Targeting β Cells with Cathelicidin Nanomedicines Improves Insulin Function and Pancreas Regeneration in Type 1 Diabetic Rats. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:1544-1560. [PMID: 37854630 PMCID: PMC10580391 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an incurable condition with an increasing incidence worldwide, in which the hallmark is the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic insulin-producing β cells. Cathelicidin-based peptides have been shown to improve β cell function and neogenesis and may thus be relevant while developing T1D therapeutics. In this work, a cathelicidin-derived peptide, LLKKK18, was loaded in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs), surface-functionalized with exenatide toward a GLP-1 receptor, aiming the β cell-targeted delivery of the peptide. The NPs present a mean size of around 100 nm and showed long-term stability, narrow size distribution, and negative ζ-potential (-10 mV). The LLKKK18 association efficiency and loading were 62 and 2.9%, respectively, presenting slow and sustained in vitro release under simulated physiologic fluids. Glucose-stimulated insulin release in the INS-1E cell line was observed in the presence of the peptide. In addition, NPs showed a strong association with β cells from isolated rat islets. After administration to diabetic rats, NPs induced a significant reduction of the hyperglycemic state, an improvement in the pancreatic insulin content, and glucose tolerance. Also remarkable, a considerable increase in the β cell mass in the pancreas was observed. Overall, this novel and versatile nanomedicine showed glucoregulatory ability and can pave the way for the development of a new generation of therapeutic approaches for T1D treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecília Cristelo
- i3S
− Instituto de Investigação e Inovação
em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
- Centro
de Engenharia Biológica, Universidade
do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
- ICBAS
− Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Rute Nunes
- i3S
− Instituto de Investigação e Inovação
em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
- IUCS-CESPU, Instituto
Universitário de Ciências
da Saúde, Gandra 4585-116, Portugal
| | - Soraia Pinto
- i3S
− Instituto de Investigação e Inovação
em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
- ICBAS
− Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Joana Moreira Marques
- i3S
− Instituto de Investigação e Inovação
em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
- Faculdade
de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4099-002, Portugal
| | - Francisco Miguel Gama
- Centro
de Engenharia Biológica, Universidade
do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S
− Instituto de Investigação e Inovação
em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
- IUCS-CESPU, Instituto
Universitário de Ciências
da Saúde, Gandra 4585-116, Portugal
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10
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Goshadezehn P, Babaei-Balderlou F, Razi M, Najafi GR, Abtahi-Foroushani M. A caffeine pre-treatment and sole effect of bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells-derived conditioned media on hyperglycemia-suppressed fertilization. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115130. [PMID: 37413898 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As a common metabolic disorder, hyperglycemia (HG) affects and disrupts the physiology of various systems in the body. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been used to control the complications of disease. Most of the therapeutic properties of MSCs are attributed to their secretome. This study aimed to investigate the effects of conditioned media extracted from sole or caffeine pre-treated bone-marrow-derived MSCs on hyperglycemia-induced detrimental impact on some aspects of reproduction. The HG was induced by intraperitoneally injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) and nicotinamide (110 mg/kg). Twenty-four male Wistar rats (190 ± 20 g) were divided into control, HG, and the hyperglycemic groups receiving conditioned media of proliferated MSCs solely (CM) or MSCs pre-treated with caffeine (CCM). During the 49-day treatment, body weight and blood glucose were measured weekly. Finally, HbA1c, spermatogenesis development, sperm count, morphology, viability, motility, chromatin condensation, and DNA integrity were examined. Also, testicular total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde, sperm fertilization potential, and pre-implantation embryo development were evaluated. A one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc tests were used to analyze the quantitative data. The p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The CM and with a higher efficiency, the CCM remarkably (p < 0.05) improved body weight and HG-suppressed spermatogenesis, enhanced sperm parameters, chromatin condensation, DNA integrity, and TAC, reduced HbA1c, sperm abnormalities, and malondialdehyde, and significantly improved pre-implantation embryo development versus HG group. The conditioned media of MSCs solely (CM) and more effectively after pre-treatment of MSCs with caffeine (CCM) could improve spermatogenesis development, sperm quality, pre-implantation embryo development, and testicular global antioxidant potential during hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mazdak Razi
- Division of Histology & Embryology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Gholam-Reza Najafi
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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11
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Almuhanna Y, Alqasmi MH, AlSudais H, Alrouji M, Kuriri FA, Alissa M, Alsuwat MA, Asad M, Joseph B. Effect of Achillea fragrantissima Extract on Excision Wound Biofilms of MRSA and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Diabetic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119774. [PMID: 37298725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Achillea fragrantissima, a desert plant commonly known as yarrow, is traditionally used as an antimicrobial agent in folklore medicine in Saudi Arabia. The current study was undertaken to determine its antibiofilm activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and multi-drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR-P. aeruginosa) using in vitro and in vivo studies. A biofilm model induced through an excision wound in diabetic mice was used to evaluate its effect in vivo. The skin irritation and cytotoxic effects of the extract were determined using mice and HaCaT cell lines, respectively. The Achillea fragrantissima methanolic extract was analyzed with LC-MS to detect different phytoconstituents, which revealed the presence of 47 different phytoconstituents. The extract inhibited the growth of both tested pathogens in vitro. It also increased the healing of biofilm-formed excision wounds, demonstrating its antibiofilm, antimicrobial, and wound-healing action in vivo. The effect of the extract was concentration-dependent, and its activity was stronger against MRSA than MDR-P. aeruginosa. The extract formulation was devoid of a skin irritation effect in vivo and cytotoxic effect on HaCaT cell lines in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Almuhanna
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Hussein Alqasmi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamood AlSudais
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alrouji
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahd A Kuriri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alissa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meshari A Alsuwat
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Al-Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Asad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Babu Joseph
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Luo W, Tang S, Xiao X, Luo S, Yang Z, Huang W, Tang S. Translation Animal Models of Diabetic Kidney Disease: Biochemical and Histological Phenotypes, Advantages and Limitations. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:1297-1321. [PMID: 37179788 PMCID: PMC10168199 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s408170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models play a crucial role in studying the pathogenesis of diseases, developing new drugs, identifying disease risk markers, and improving means of prevention and treatment. However, modeling diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has posed a challenge for scientists. Although numerous models have been successfully developed, none of them can encompass all the key characteristics of human DKD. It is essential to choose the appropriate model according to the research needs, as different models develop different phenotypes and have their limitations. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of biochemical and histological phenotypes, modeling mechanisms, advantages and limitations of DKD animal models, in order to update relevant model information and provide insights and references for generating or selecting the appropriate animal models to fit different experimental needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiyun Tang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Simin Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zixuan Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Songqi Tang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Noei Razliqi R, Ahangarpour A, Mard SA, Khorsandi L. Gentisic acid protects against diabetic nephropathy in Nicotinamide-Streptozotocin administered male mice by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation: The role of miR-200a/Keap1/Nrf2 pathway, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and NF-кB. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 380:110507. [PMID: 37120126 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Local renin-angiotensin systems (RAS) contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of DN by exacerbating oxidative stress and inflammation.Gentisic acid (GA), a phenolic compound and also a metabolite of aspirin, is reported to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the protective effects of GA against DN remain to be elucidated. Nicotinamide (110 mg/kg) and streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) were used to induce diabetes in male mice. Oral administration of GA once daily for 2 weeks (100 mg/kg) ameliorated diabetes-induced renal injury by reducing plasma creatinine, urea, blood urea nitrogen, and urinary albuminuria levels. Diabetic mice showed a significant increase in total oxidant status and malondialdehyde, along with decreased catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase in the kidney tissue, which was ameliorated in the GA-treated mice. Histopathological analysis showed that GA treatment reduced diabetes-induced renal injury. Furthermore, GA treatment was associated with the downregulation of miR-125b, nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-кB), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and upregulation of interleukin-10 (IL-10), miR-200a, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the renal tissue. GA treatment also downregulated angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 (ACE1), angiotensin II receptor 1 (AT1R), and NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX 2) and upregulated angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). In conclusion, the ameliorative effects of GA against DN may be attributed to its powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties through the downregulation of NF-кB, upregulation of Nrf2, and modulation of RAS in renal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Noei Razliqi
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Akram Ahangarpour
- Department of Physiology, Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Seyyed Ali Mard
- Physiology Research Center, Alimentary Tract Research Center, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Layasadat Khorsandi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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14
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Kamt SF, Liu J, Yan LJ. Renal-Protective Roles of Lipoic Acid in Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071732. [PMID: 37049574 PMCID: PMC10097220 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The kidney is a crucial organ that eliminates metabolic waste and reabsorbs nutritious elements. It also participates in the regulation of blood pressure, maintenance of electrolyte balance and blood pH homeostasis, as well as erythropoiesis and vitamin D maturation. Due to such a heavy workload, the kidney is an energy-demanding organ and is constantly exposed to endogenous and exogenous insults, leading to the development of either acute kidney injury (AKI) or chronic kidney disease (CKD). Nevertheless, there are no therapeutic managements to treat AKI or CKD effectively. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches for fighting kidney injury are urgently needed. This review article discusses the role of α-lipoic acid (ALA) in preventing and treating kidney diseases. We focus on various animal models of kidney injury by which the underlying renoprotective mechanisms of ALA have been unraveled. The animal models covered include diabetic nephropathy, sepsis-induced kidney injury, renal ischemic injury, unilateral ureteral obstruction, and kidney injuries induced by folic acid and metals such as cisplatin, cadmium, and iron. We highlight the common mechanisms of ALA’s renal protective actions that include decreasing oxidative damage, increasing antioxidant capacities, counteracting inflammation, mitigating renal fibrosis, and attenuating nephron cell death. It is by these mechanisms that ALA achieves its biological function of alleviating kidney injury and improving kidney function. Nevertheless, we also point out that more comprehensive, preclinical, and clinical studies will be needed to make ALA a better therapeutic agent for targeting kidney disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulin F. Kamt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Jiankang Liu
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Liang-Jun Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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15
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The Role of Ketone Bodies in Various Animal Models of Kidney Disease. ENDOCRINES 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/endocrines4010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The kidney is a vital organ that carries out significant metabolic functions in our body. Due to the complexity of its role, the kidney is also susceptible to many disease conditions, such as acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Despite the prevalence and our increased understanding of the pathophysiology of both AKI and CKD as well as the transition of AKI to CKD, no well-established therapeutics have been applied clinically to these conditions, rendering an urgent need for a novel potential therapeutic target to be developed. In this article, we reviewed the function of ketone bodies in some common kidney conditions, such as drug-induced nephrotoxicity, ischemia and reperfusion injury, fibrosis development, diabetic kidney disease, kidney aging, hypertension, and CKD progression. All the selected studies reviewed were performed in animal models by primarily utilizing rodents, which also provide invaluable sources for future clinical applications. Ketone bodies have shown significant renal protective properties via attenuation of oxidative stress, increased expression of anti-inflammatory proteins, gene regulation, and a reduction of apoptosis of renal cells. A physiological level of ketone bodies could be achieved by fasting, a ketogenic diet, and an exogenous ketone supplement. Finally, the limitations of the long-term ketogenic diet were also discussed.
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Alrouji M, Kuriri FA, Alqasmi MH, AlSudais H, Alissa M, Alsuwat MA, Asad M, Joseph B, Almuhanna Y. A Simple In-Vivo Method for Evaluation of Antibiofilm and Wound Healing Activity Using Excision Wound Model in Diabetic Swiss Albino Mice. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030692. [PMID: 36985266 PMCID: PMC10051147 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The study developed a simple and inexpensive method to induce biofilm formation in-vivo for the evaluation of the antibiofilm activity of pharmacological agents using Swiss albino mice. Animals were made diabetic using streptozocin and nicotinamide. A cover slip containing preformed biofilm along with MRSA culture was introduced into the excision wound in these animals. The method was effective in developing biofilm on the coverslip after 24 h incubation in MRSA broth which was confirmed by microscopic examination and a crystal violet assay. Application of preformed biofilm along with microbial culture induced a profound infection with biofilm formation on excision wounds in 72 h. This was confirmed by macroscopic, histological, and bacterial load determination. Mupirocin, a known antibacterial agent effective against MRSA was used to demonstrate antibiofilm activity. Mupirocin was able to completely heal the excised wounds in 19 to 21 days while in the base-treated group, healing took place between 30 and 35 days. The method described is robust and can be reproduced easily without the use of transgenic animals and sophisticated methods such as confocal microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alrouji
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahd A Kuriri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Hussein Alqasmi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamood AlSudais
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alissa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meshari A Alsuwat
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Al-Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Asad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Babu Joseph
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasir Almuhanna
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Molecular Mechanism of Fucoidan Nanoparticles as Protector on Endothelial Cell Dysfunction in Diabetic Rats' Aortas. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030568. [PMID: 36771275 PMCID: PMC9920843 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants have an important role in protecting against diabetes complications such as vascular endothelial cell damage. Fucoidan has strong antioxidant properties, therefore the aim of this study was to investigate the protective mechanism of fucoidan nanoparticles through the pathway of antioxidant activity against streptozotocin-induced diabetic aortic endothelial cell dysfunction in rats. Fucoidan nanoparticles are made utilizing high-energy ball milling. This research consists of five groups, namely: control rats, rats were administered aquadest; diabetic rats, rats were administered streptozotocin (STZ); fucoidan nanoparticle rats, rats were administered STZ and fucoidan nanoparticles. Aortic tissue was collected for the evaluation of ROS (reactive oxygen species), Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), Nitric Oxide (NO), cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate (cGMP), relaxation response of acetylcholine (Ach), and the diameter of the aorta. The size distribution of the fucoidan nanoparticles was 267.2 ± 42.8 nm. Administration of fucoidan nanoparticles decreased the levels of ROS and MDA, and increased the levels of SOD, levels of GPx, Nrf2 expression, NO levels, cGMP expression, the relaxation response of Ach, and lumen diameter of the aorta, which are significantly different when compared with diabetic rats, p < 0.05. In this study, we concluded that the mechanism pathway of fucoidan nanoparticles prevents aortic endothelial cell dysfunction in diabetic rats through antioxidant activity by reducing ROS and MDA and incrementing SOD levels, GPx levels, and Nrf2 expression. All of these can lead to an elevated relaxation response effect of Ach and an increase in the lumen diameter of the aorta, which indicates a protective effect of fucoidan nanoparticles on aortic endothelial cells.
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Anton IC, Mititelu-Tartau L, Popa EG, Poroch M, Poroch V, Pelin AM, Pavel LL, Drochioi IC, Botnariu GE. Zinc Chloride Enhances the Antioxidant Status, Improving the Functional and Structural Organic Disturbances in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Rats. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:1620. [PMID: 36363577 PMCID: PMC9695737 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58111620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex disease affecting the whole metabolic balance of the body and resulting in multiple organ complications: cardiovascular, neuronal, renal, etc. Our study focuses on investigating the effect of zinc chloride (Zn) on certain blood parameters suggestive for assessing the metabolic disturbances, the liver and kidney function, the oxidative stress and the immune defense capacity in experimental-induced DM with streptozotocin (STZ) and cholesterol in rats. Materials and Methods: The animals were assigned to three groups, as follows: Group 1 (Control): buffer citrate solution 0.1 mL/100 g body; Group 2 (STZ): 20 mg/kg body STZ and fat diet (10 g cholesterol/100 g diet); Group 3 (STZ+Zn): 20 mg/kg body STZ + 5 mg/kg body Zn chloride and the same fat diet. DM was induced by administering STZ in a single take daily, for three consecutive days, Zn and citrate buffer were administered orally for a month. The protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University 'Grigore T Popa' Iasi, in agreement with the International Regulations about the handling of laboratory animals. Results: The use of STZ in rats fed with cholesterol was correlated with important weight gain, hyperglycemia, the intensification of the transaminases activity and the increase in serum alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, triglyceride, urea, creatinine and in malondialdehyde. Conclusions: The treatment with Zn resulted in weight loss and a decrease in blood sugar in diabetic rats. Supplementation with Zn notably reduced oxidative stress, preserved the pancreatic architecture and restored the liver and kidney function and structure in STZ-induced DM in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Claudia Anton
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Algesiology, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii St. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Liliana Mititelu-Tartau
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Algesiology, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii St. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Eliza Gratiela Popa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii St. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihaela Poroch
- Department of Family Medicine, Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii St. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Vladimir Poroch
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii St. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Pelin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunărea de Jos’ University, 800010 Galați, Romania
| | - Liliana Lacramioara Pavel
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunărea de Jos’ University, 800010 Galați, Romania
| | - Ilie Cristian Drochioi
- Surgical Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gina Eosefina Botnariu
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Disease, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii St. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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