1
|
Maretti E, Gioia F, Rustichelli C, Molinari S, Leo E. Inflammatory-Targeted Lipid Carrier as a New Nanomaterial to Formulate an Inhaled Drug Delivery System. Molecules 2024; 29:1616. [PMID: 38611895 PMCID: PMC11013801 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a pressing need for efficacious therapies in the field of respiratory diseases and infections. Lipid nanocarriers, administered through aerosols, represent a promising tool for maximizing therapeutic concentration in targeted cells and minimizing systemic exposure. However, this approach requires the application of efficient and safe nanomaterials. Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), an endocannabinoid-like endogenous lipid, plays a crucial role in providing protective mechanisms during inflammation, making it an interesting material for preparing inhalable lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). This report aims to preliminarily explore the in vitro behavior of LNPs prepared with PEA (PEA-LNPs), a new inhalable inflammatory-targeted nanoparticulate drug carrier. PEA-LNPs exhibited a size of about 250 nm, a rounded shape, and an marked improvement in PEA solubility in comparison to naked PEA, indicative of easily disassembled nanoparticles. A twin glass impinger instrument was used to screen the aerosol performance of PEA-LNP powders, obtained via freeze-drying in the presence of two quantities of mannose as a cryoprotectant. Results indicated that a higher amount of mannose improved the emitted dose (ED), and in particular, the fine particle fraction (FPF). A cytotoxicity assay was performed and indicated that PEA-LNPs are not toxic towards the MH-S alveolar macrophage cell line up to concentrations of 0.64 mg/mL, and using coumarin-6 labelled particles, a rapid internalization into the macrophage was confirmed. This study demonstrates that PEA could represent a suitable material for preparing inhalable lipid nanocarrier-based dry powders, which signify a promising tool for the transport of drugs employed to treat respiratory diseases and infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Eliana Leo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy; (E.M.); (F.G.); (C.R.); (S.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu M, Liu X, Yu Q, Shi J, Guo W, Zhang S. Adelmidrol ameliorates liver ischemia-reperfusion injury through activating Nrf2 signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 964:176224. [PMID: 38110141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury commonly occurs after various liver surgeries. Adelmidrol, an N- palmitoylethanolamide analog, has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-injury properties. To investigate whether adelmidrol could reduce liver I/R injury, we established a mouse of liver I/R injury and an AML12 cell hypoxia-reoxygenation model to perform experiments using multiple indicators. Serum ALT and AST levels, and H&E staining were used to measure liver damage; MDA content, superoxide dismutase and glutathione activities, and dihydroethidium staining were used to measure oxidative stress; mRNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, MCP-1, and Ly6G staining were used to measure inflammatory response; and protein expression of Bax, Bcl-2, C-caspase3, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling staining were used to measure apoptosis. The experimental results showed that adelmidrol reduced liver I/R injury. In addition, adelmidrol pretreatment elevated AML12 cell activity and reduced I/R-and H/R-induced apoptosis, inflammatory injury, and oxidative stress. ML385, an inhibitor of nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), reverses liver I/R injury attenuated by adelmidrol. These results suggest that adelmidrol ameliorates liver I/R injury by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation Technology and Application Engineering, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xudong Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation Technology and Application Engineering, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qiwen Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation Technology and Application Engineering, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jihua Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation Technology and Application Engineering, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wenzhi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation Technology and Application Engineering, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shuijun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation Technology and Application Engineering, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fowler AA. Vitamin C: Rationale for Its Use in Sepsis-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:95. [PMID: 38247519 PMCID: PMC10812524 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening event that occurs in patients suffering from bacterial, fungal, or viral sepsis. Research performed over the last five decades showed that ARDS is a consequence of severe unrestrained systemic inflammation, which leads to injury of the lung's microvasculature and alveolar epithelium. ARDS leads to acute hypoxic/hypercapnic respiratory failure and death in a significant number of patients hospitalized in intensive care units worldwide. Basic and clinical research performed during the time since ARDS was first described has been unable to construct a pharmacological agent that will combat the inflammatory fire leading to ARDS. In-depth studies of the molecular pharmacology of vitamin C indicate that it can serve as a potent anti-inflammatory agent capable of attenuating the pathobiological events that lead to acute injury of the lungs and other body organs. This analysis of vitamin C's role in the treatment of ARDS includes a focused systematic review of the literature relevant to the molecular physiology of vitamin C and to the past performance of clinical trials using the agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alpha A Fowler
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang S, Li L, Wang W. Knockdown of Slfn5 alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced pneumonia by regulating Janus kinase/signal transduction and activator of transcription pathway. J Thorac Dis 2023; 15:6708-6720. [PMID: 38249884 PMCID: PMC10797344 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-23-889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Background In recent years, the incidence of pneumonia has been increasing, which is the main cause of death and morbidity of children and the elderly in the world. Slfn5 is implicated in multiple cancers, and Slfn5 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in lung cancer. However, the influences of Slfn5 in pneumonia have not yet been completely cleared. Herein, we aimed to explore the underlying effects and regulatory mechanisms of Slfn5 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pneumonia in mice and A549 cells. Methods Mice were intratracheally administered 5 mg/kg LPS to construct pneumonia model. In vitro, A549 cells were treated with 10 µg/mL LPS to construct cellular pneumonia model. Slfn5 expression was detected using immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Haematoxylin and eosin staining, TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferasemediated deoxyuridine triphosphate‑biotin nick end‑labelling), and western blotting were performed to assess pathological injury and inflammation. MTT [3(4,5‑dimethyl‑2‑thiazolyl)‑2,5‑diphenyl‑2‑H‑tetrazolium bromide], flow cytometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis were performed to analyze cell viability, apoptosis, and inflammation. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed to explore the mechanism of Slfn5 in pneumonia. Results Slfn5 expression was upregulated in LPS-induced pneumonia in mice and A549 cells. In mice, knockdown of Slfn5 weakened LPS-induced lung injury and inflammation and decreased the expression of p-JAK2, p-JAK3, and p-STAT3. In LPS-stimulated A549 cells, downregulation of Slfn5 expression increased and Slfn5 overexpression decreased cell viability. Downregulation of Slfn5 expression decreased and Slfn5 overexpression increased cell apoptosis, inflammation and the expression of p-JAK2, p-JAK3, and p-STAT3. AG490, an inhibitor of the JAK/STAT pathway, reversed the damaging effects of Slfn5 overexpression. Conclusions In the LPS-induced pneumonia model, Slfn5 knockdown alleviated LPS-induced lung injury by regulating the JAK/STAT pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunying Wang
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jinan City People’s Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Nephrology, Jinan City People’s Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Wenming Wang
- Department of Cadre Health Section, Jinan City People’s Hospital, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tan J, Zhuo Z, Wang X, Zhang Y, Qian Y, Lin F. Secretome of EMSCs neutralizes LPS‑induced acute lung injury via aerosol administration. Int J Mol Med 2023; 52:104. [PMID: 37772372 PMCID: PMC10558219 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2023.5307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectodermal mesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs) are cells harvested from the stem cell niche (nasal mucosa) with high therapeutic potential. To the best of our knowledge, however, the anti‑inflammatory properties of these neural crest‑derived EMSCs have been rarely reported. The present study aimed to explore the effects of aerosolized EMSC‑Secretome (EMSC‑Sec) and clarify underlying mechanisms in treating acute lung injury (ALI). EMSCs were isolated by adherent method and identified by immunofluorescence staining. EMSC‑Sec was collected and evaluated using western blotting, BCA and ELISA tests. Then, mouse lung epithelial cells (MLE‑12) were used to mimic inflammatory stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). After developing an ALI model through intraperitoneal injection of LPS, mice were treated with an EMSC‑Sec spray. The lung in each group underwent an observation and measurement to preliminarily assess the extent of damage. H&E staining, immunohistochemical staining, immunofluorescence and western‑blotting were utilized to further access the impacts of EMSC‑Sec. The results showed that EMSC‑Sec had great anti‑inflammatory potential and was highly successful in vitro and in vivo. EMSC‑Sec mitigated LPS‑induced ALI with low inflammatory cell inflation and mild damage. EMSC‑Sec could regulate inflammation via the NF‑κB(p50/p65)/NLRP3 pathway. Overall, the present study demonstrated that EMSC‑Sec regulated inflammation, hoping to provide a novel strategy for ALI treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Tan
- Department of Neurology, Changshu No. 2 People's Hospital, Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Nantong University, Changshu, Suzhou 215500, P.R. China
| | - Ziliang Zhuo
- Department of Neurology, Changshu No. 2 People's Hospital, Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Nantong University, Changshu, Suzhou 215500, P.R. China
| | - Xiuyu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Changshu No. 2 People's Hospital, Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Nantong University, Changshu, Suzhou 215500, P.R. China
| | - Yanshuang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Changshu No. 2 People's Hospital, Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Nantong University, Changshu, Suzhou 215500, P.R. China
| | - Yucheng Qian
- Department of Neurology, Changshu No. 2 People's Hospital, Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Nantong University, Changshu, Suzhou 215500, P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Lin
- Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Zhenjiang, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Interdonato L, Ferrario G, Cordaro M, D'Amico R, Siracusa R, Fusco R, Impellizzeri D, Cuzzocrea S, Aldini G, Di Paola R. Targeting Nrf2 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways in Inflammatory Pain: The Role of Polyphenols from Thinned Apples. Molecules 2023; 28:5376. [PMID: 37513248 PMCID: PMC10385557 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet can modulate the different stages of inflammation due to the presence of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols. Apples are a great source of phenolic compounds that show anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and these might be used as a dietary supplement and/or functional element in the treatment of chronic inflammatory illnesses. The aim of our study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions of thinned apple polyphenol (TAP) extracts in a model of paw edema. The experimental model was induced in rats via subplantar injections of 1% λ-Carrageenan (CAR) in the right hind leg, and TAP extract was administered via oral gavage 30 min before and 1 h after the CAR injection at doses of 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, respectively. The inflammatory response is usually quantified by the increase in the size of the paw (edema), which is maximal about 5 h after the injection of CAR. CAR-induced inflammation generates the release of pro-inflammatory mediators and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, the inflammatory state induces the pain that involves the peripheral nociceptors, but above all it acts centrally at the level of the spinal cord. Our results showed that the TAP extracts reduced paw histological changes, neutrophil infiltration, mast cell degranulation, and oxidative stress. Additionally, the oral administration of TAP extracts decreased thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia, along with a reduction in spinal microglia and the markers of nociception. In conclusion, we demonstrate that TAP extract is able to modulate inflammatory, oxidative, and painful processes, and is also useful in the treatment of the symptoms associated with paw edema.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Livia Interdonato
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Giulio Ferrario
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Ramona D'Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Interdonato L, Marino Y, Franco GA, Arangia A, D’Amico R, Siracusa R, Cordaro M, Impellizzeri D, Fusco R, Cuzzocrea S, Paola RD. Açai Berry Administration Promotes Wound Healing through Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010834. [PMID: 36614291 PMCID: PMC9821151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, wound healing has received increased attention from both a scientific and clinical point of view. It is characterized by an organized series of processes: angiogenesis, cell migration and proliferation, extracellular matrix production, and remodeling. Many of these processes are controlled by the Wnt pathway, which activates them. The aim of the study was to evaluate the molecular mechanism of açai berry administration in a mouse model of wound healing. CD1 male mice were used in this research. Two full-thickness excisional wounds (5 mm) were performed with a sterile biopsy punch on the dorsum to create two circular, full-thickness skin wounds on either side of the median line on the dorsum. Açai berry was administered by oral administration (500 mg/kg dissolved in saline) for 6 days after induction of the wound. Our study demonstrated that açai berry can modulate the Wnt pathway, reducing the expression of Wnt3a, the cysteine-rich domain of frizzled (FZ)8, and the accumulation of cytosolic and nuclear β-catenin. Moreover, açai berry reduced the levels of TNF-α and IL-18, which are target genes strictly downstream of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. It also showed important anti-inflammatory activities by reducing the activation of the NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, Wnt can modulate the activity of growth factors, such as TGF-β, and VEGF, which are the basis of the wound-healing process. In conclusion, we can confirm that açai berry can modulate the activity of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, as it is involved in the inflammatory process and in the activity of the growth factor implicated in wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Livia Interdonato
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Ylenia Marino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Gianluca Antonio Franco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessia Arangia
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Ramona D’Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|